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1
Miller, Alexander. "Rule-Following, Meaning, and Primitive Normativity." Mind 128, no. 511 (2017): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzx033.
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AbstractThis paper explores the prospects for using the notion of a primitive normative attitude in responding to the sceptical argument about meaning developed in chapter 2 of Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. It takes as its stalking-horse the response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein developed in a recent series of important works by Hannah Ginsborg. The paper concludes that Ginsborg’s attempted solution fails for a number of reasons: it depends on an inadequate response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s ‘finitude’ objection to reductive dispositionalism; it erroneously rejects the idea that a speaker’s understanding of an expression guides her use; it threatens to collapse into either full-blown non-reductionism or reductive dispositionalism; and there is no motive for accepting it over forms of non-reductionism such as those developed by Barry Stroud and John McDowell.
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Bell, Jacob Andrew. "The Reinstatement and Ontology of Meaning." Conatus 8, no. 1 (2023): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.25067.
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While science and logic are incredible intellectual endeavors, and while reductionist methodologies have led to advances in knowledge, these methods do not tell the whole story of life, world, and reality. There are real phenomena that, due to their experiential and holistic nature, cannot be properly quantified over by limiting oneself to science, logic, or reductive means of explanation and description. Attempting to understand the world and the human condition requires a plethora of epistemic pursuits to more fully quantify over the plurality of phenomena. Existential meaning is, I argue, an experiential and holistic phenomenon, and as such it cannot be quantified over by reductive endeavors, pure logic, or scientific inquiry. Meaning emerges through the relation of a complex structure (human) in relation to the world, and it exists as an irreducible embodied and embedded experience.
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Riemer, Nick. "Reductive Paraphrase and Meaning: A Critique of Wierzbickian Semantics." Linguistics and Philosophy 29, no. 3 (2006): 347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10988-006-0001-4.
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Samraj, Tennyson. "Naming/Meaning Distinction Delineated in the Context of The Essence/Existence Distinction." Athens Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (2025): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.4-1-2.
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The epistemic nature of truth provides the basis of understanding the relationship between the naming/meaning distinction and the existence/essence distinction. Every word denotes a reductive reference and connotes a non-reductive meaning. Every word is associated with both intension/meaning and extension/ reference (Putnam). A noun is a naming word; like all words, it denotes a reference and connotes meaning. The distinction between naming and meaning with reference to nouns is necessary because nouns like all words, deal with both extension and intension. The essence/existence distinction defines why it is essential to separate naming from meaning. For naming and existence is an ontological matter; meaning and essence is an epistemic matter. What does a word or specifically a noun entail? It can ascribe (1) the identity of a person, place, or principle; (2) it can affirm the existence of something (material/ concrete world); the subsistence of something (mathematical/ abstract world), or the absistence of something (mental world, F.N. Findlay); or (3) it can define the essence of something as being an essential, accidental, or emergent property. The central thrust of my paper is to discuss why words/ nouns can be understood as either defining the identity and existence of something or defining the meaning and essence of something. There are no nouns/words without reference or meaning. When we see something, what conjures in our mind is either the existence of that thing or the essence of that thing. Naming deals with the specificity and existence of something, while meaning deals with the universality and essence of something. Naming puts emphasis on what is reductive, and meaning puts emphasis on what is non-reductive. Naming and meaning like existence and essence are intertwined because the truth of existence (including subsistence and assistance) and the truth of essence are inseparable, if truth is an epistemic matter. Essence/ existence distinction is fundamental to what exists, subsists or absists in understanding the relationship of the naming/meaning distinction.
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Holliger, Christof, and Gosse Schraa. "Physiological meaning and potential for application of reductive dechlorination by anaerobic bacteria." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 2-3 (1994): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00141.x.
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Mei, Xuan. "Ethical Naturalism and the Meaning of “Good”." Forum for Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v3i1.1248.
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How to explicate the meaning of “good” is a classic philosophical question, one reason is that “good” has metaphysical properties which are difficult to interpret. The development of ethical naturalism opens a door to answer the “good” question. This theory proposes to view the moral world and the natural world as a continuum, in that the moral world is built on the basis of the natural one. This study aims to introduce a sort of reductive ethical naturalism—end-relational theory—to interpret “good” assertions. According to this theory, most “good” assertions are end-relational and thus “good” can be reduced to “end”. By doing so, metaphysical moral meaning can be converted into concretized natural meaning, and then “good” morality will not be high up above anymore.
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Hagberg, Garry L. "Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, Linguistic Meaning and Music." Paragraph 34, no. 3 (2011): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2011.0032.
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This article undertakes a comparison between Wittgenstein's philosophy of the early and late periods with the musical theories of Wittgenstein's contemporary, Heinrich Schenker, an influential Viennese theorist of tonality, as well as those of their contemporary Arnold Schoenberg. Schenker's reductive analytical procedure was designed to unveil fundamental and uniform ways in which all works of music function (and should function), unfolding a deep structure constituting their essence. Schoenberg deplored this line of thought, and for reasons strikingly parallel to those that led Wittgenstein back to what he called the ‘rough ground’ in his Philosophical Investigations. Ultimately, for Wittgenstein, the abstracted picture of the musical work as a platonic entity is nourished by grammatical conflations as well as by the Platonic and Cartesian legacies.
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Gutwald, Rebecca, and Niina Zuber. "The Meaning(s) of Structural Rationality." ProtoSociology 35 (2018): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology20183517.
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Julian Nida-Rümelin’s philosophical approach to rationality is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions exist which are carried out in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions that are oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational just because no underlying maximizing heuristics are found. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still situated within the realm of cost-benefit reasoning. The idea of social preferences (e.g. Rabin, Fehr and Schmidt) or meta-preferences (Sen) is insufficient to reflect the plurality of human actions. According to Nida-Rümelin, those concepts ignore the plurality of reasons which drive agency. Hence, they try to fit agency into a theory which undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges daily patterns of interaction and meaning.
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Lessl, Thomas M. "Looking Along Nietzsche’s The Antichrist." Journal of Communication and Religion 38, no. 2 (2015): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr20153827.
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In The Antichrist, Friedrich Nietzsche attacks belief in God through a counter myth that is itself structured by the Bible. It is evolutionism, a story about the creation, fall, and redemption but with natural evolution playing the role of creator and Nietzsche playing the role of prophet and redeemer. This dimension of Nietzsche’s thought is often passed over because it is only fully visible to readers who are willing, as C. S Lewis has put this, to “look along” messages. Modernity has habituated readers to assume that it is only the reductive meaning they get by “looking at” messages that really matters. The habits of modernism do not void such mythic meanings; they merely make it difficult or impossible for critics to recognize their vitality.
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Laude, Patrick. "On the Epistemological Scope and Some Contemporary Implications of the Qur'anic Notion of Ayat." ICR Journal 5, no. 4 (2014): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v5i4.374.
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This paper argues that the cosmic signs or ayat repeatedly mentioned in the Qur’an can be understood, and indeed have been understood in classical Islam, as theophanic manifestations of His Being and Qualities; hence a metaphysical intuition of their divine roots goes beyond reason as mere decipherer of the wonders of structure and mechanics of the world. By contrast, literalist reformist and modernist discourses tend to shun the Quranic evidences of Divine immanence while emphasising exclusively the distance between God and His creation. This is why most contemporary Islamic apologists of modern science understand the world as a realm of cosmogonic “signatures” rather than one of metaphysical theophany. As a response to this type of views, it is argued herein that both the reductive and problematic treatment of the Qur’an as a kind of scientific manual and, at the other extreme, the denial of the conjunction between tawhid and the traditional Islamic concept and practice of science fail to do justice to the deeper layers of meaning of ayat. Only a consideration of a sense of the qualitative meaning of the cosmos through a restoration of a consciousness of Divine Immanence can provide an antidote to such reductive readings.
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Theiler, Nadine, Floris Roelofsen, and Maria Aloni. "Truthful resolutions: A new perspective on false-answer sensitivity." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 26 (October 15, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v26i0.3791.
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Responsive verbs like know embed both declarative and interrogative complements. Standard accounts of such verbs are reductive: they assume that whether an individual stands in a knowledge-wh relation to a question is determined by whether she stands in a knowledge-that relation to some answer to the question. George (2013) observed that knowledge-wh, however, not only depends on knowledge-that but also on false belief---a fact that reductive accounts can't capture.We develop an account that is not reductive but uniform: it assumes a single entry for interrogative-embedding and declarative-embedding uses of a responsive verb. The key insight that allows us to capture the false-belief dependency of knowledge-wh is that verbs like know are sensitive to both true and false answers to the embedded question. Formally, this is achieved through a novel, fine-grained way of representing the meaning of a clausal complement in terms of so-called truthful resolutions. The resulting analysis gives us a unifying perspective, under which false-answer sensitivity comes out as a general characteristic common to all levels of exhaustivity.
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Goddard, Cliff, and Anna Wierzbicka. "Semantic fieldwork and lexical universals." Studies in Language 38, no. 1 (2014): 80–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.1.03god.
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The main goal of paper is to show how NSM findings about lexical universals (semantic primes) can be applied to semantic analysis in little-described languages. It is argued that using lexical universals as a vocabulary for semantic analysis allows one to formulate meaning descriptions that are rigorous, cognitively authentic, maximally translatable, and free from Anglocentrism. A second goal is to shed light on methodological issues in semantic fieldwork by interrogating some controversial claims about the Dalabon and Pirahã languages. We argue that reductive paraphrase into lexical universals provides a practical procedure for arriving at coherent interpretations of unfamiliar lexical meanings. Other indigenous/endangered languages discussed include East Cree, Arrernte, Kayardild, Karuk, and Maori. We urge field linguists to take the NSM metalanguage, based on lexical universals, into the field with them, both as an aid to lexicogrammatical documentation and analysis and as a way to improve semantic communication with consultants.
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Ball, Brian. "Intentionality, Point of View, and the Role of the Interpreter." Phenomenology & Mind 22 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17454/pam-2207.
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The three main approaches to the metaphysics of intentionality can arguably be subjected to analysis in terms of grammatical point of view: the approach of the (internalist) phenomenal intentionality programme (plus productivism about linguistic content) may be regarded as first-personal; interpretationism, perhaps, as second-personal; and (reductive externalist) causal information theories (including teleosemantics) as third-personal. After making this plausible, the current paper focusses on the role of the interpreter (if any) in interpretationism. It argues that, despite some considerations from the publicity of meaning potentially suggesting the contrary, radical interpretation is not subject to epistemic constraint; nor should the interpretationist appeal to the idiosyncratic interests of actual interpreters, thereby rendering the approach irremediably relativistic. Instead, an appeal to the pure form of interestedness is all that is involved; this supports a methodologically non-reductive outlook on intentionality.
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Roca, Tatiana. "Obesity stigma between identity and wellbeing." Vector European, no. 2 (November 2023): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52507/2345-1106.2023-2.32.
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The work derives from the felt need to dissect the dimension of lived bodily experience and to investigate the facets that are involved in the psychological well-being of the individual. Although this issue is present and central in various contexts of the individual's daily life, it is addressed by resorting to a psychosocial dictionary characterized by stereotypes, prejudices and aesthetic standards, which approach corporeality in a superficial and reductive way, instead of seeking to explore deeper meaning of the body.
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Silva, Hilda Aparecida Linhares da, and Ricardo Vicente da Cunha Júnior. "“Por que você tá rindo, professora?”: leitura e alteridade no ensino de história." Linha D'Água 38, no. 1 (2025): 292–307. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2236-4242.v38i1p292-307.
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This article aims to address the specificities of reading in History classes, based on the concept of dialogism from Mikhail Bakhtin's Linguistic Philosophy (2011; 2017). For this purpose, the article centers on an episode analyzed in a master’s thesis, that investigated the role of text and reading in middle school History classrooms. We begin from the premise that reading is a responsive act — one in which the reader actively engages with the text to construct meaning — thus challenging reductive conceptions of reading. Therefore, taking into account the interrelationship of time and space, a concept that allows the analytical approach regarding the past in History teaching, we aim at reflecting on the place of alterity in the act of reading in this curricular subject. We understand that establishing a sense of alterity in relation to time allows the attribution of meanings dialogically from an exotopic point of view, that calls for counter-words - new texts - that move towards the current time.
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Prüfer, Paweł. "Religijna legitymizacja porządku doczesnego." Copernicus Political and Legal Studies 3, no. 4 (2024): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.15804/cpls.2024405.
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The category of legitimization mainly refers to the sphere of politics and power. It means validation and justification. The article intends to outline the perspective of religion as a factor of legitimation in social life, and the concept of legitimisation itself wants to be treated metaphorically. It refers mainly to Max Weber and his analyses of religion and religious attitudes in collective, social and political life. Religion is often perceived only as a social phenomenon, or even only through the prism of a certain human project. For some sociologists, religious legitimization in relation to events in the profanum sphere gives them meaning and makes them important for individuals and communities. The article also points out how such aspirations are often quite reductive, because they only emphasize the purely human, temporal and earthly meaning of religious reality, and the phenomenon of religion is treated instrumentally.
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Cooper, Howard. "Gabriel Josipovici and The Book of God." European Judaism 52, no. 1 (2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520103.
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There are many approaches to reading the Hebrew Bible, from the pietistic in both Jewish and Christian traditions to the scholarly. Gabriel Josipovici’s approach is not about seeking the reductive ‘meaning’ of a text, but encouraging readers into an open relationship with the text in order to preserve the ambiguities and mysteries that adhere to such texts. Joseph’s encounter with an unnamed stranger in Genesis 37 is used as an illustration of this approach. Standing ‘face to face’ with the text requires humility, and trust in the storyteller.
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MAKSIMOVIĆ, KATARINA. "FACETS OF INTENSIONALITY." Arhe 27, no. 34 (2021): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/arhe.2020.34.61-83.
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The goal of this paper is to introduce the reader to the distinction between intensional and extensional as a distinction between different approaches to meaning. We will argue that despite the common belief, intensional aspects of mathematical notions can be, and in fact have been successfully described in mathematics. One that is for us particularly interesting is the notion of deduction as depicted in general proof theory. Our considerations result in defending a) the importance of a rule-based semantical approach and b) the position according to which non-reductive and somewhat circular explanations play an essential role in describing intensionality in mathematics.
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KOCHIRAS, HYLARIE. "By ye divine arm: God and substance in De gravitatione." Religious Studies 49, no. 3 (2012): 327–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412512000303.
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AbstractThis article interprets Newton's De gravitatione as presenting a reductive account of substance, on which divine and created substances are identified with their characteristic attributes, which are present in space. God is identical to the divine power to create, and mind to its characteristic power. Even bodies lack parts outside parts, for they are not constructed from regions of actual space, as some commentators suppose, but rather consist in powers alone, maintained in certain configurations by the divine will. This interpretation thus specifies Newton's meaning when he writes that bodies subsist ‘through God alone’; yet bodies do qualify as substances, and divine providence does not extend so far as occasionalism.
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Terian, Andrei. "Faces of modernity in romanian literature: a conceptual analysis." Alea : Estudos Neolatinos 16, no. 1 (2014): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-106x2014000100002.
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This study analyses the manner in which Romanian criticism chose to define and outline literary modernity. From this point of view, I have highlighted a series of deficiencies in the aforementioned endeavors, among which the reductive vision on modernism, which is limited either to a strictly formal meaning (as literary technique) or to a substantial one (as ideological attitude), the emergence of a non-differentiated concept of modernism, which tends to embrace any secondary effects or, on the contrary, of a generic anti-modernism, irrespective of the level or the direction in which it opposes modernism. Therefore, the present study sets forth a new classification of Romanian literary modernity, which includes, besides modernism, an anti-modernist direction and an ultra-modernist one also.
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Petrovic, John E., and Aaron M. Kuntz. "Strategies of reframing language policy in the liberal state." Journal of Language and Politics 12, no. 1 (2013): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.12.1.06pet.
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Political liberalism is frequently invoked in policy debates in the Western world even as Interpretation and application of the individual tenets vary. Drawing upon recent invocations of liberalism among policy leaders and groups, this article seeks to tease out some of the interpretational differences of liberalism, noting how liberalism is invoked to support radically different language policy agendas. The authors discuss the importance of understanding liberalism as a cognitive frame that shapes relations of meaning with both productive and reductive consequences especially vis-a-vis what they term “language-positive liberalism.” The authors argue that three specific strategies of political engagement emerge from such understanding. Building on the work of Stroud (2010), the authors offer a model that highlights the recursive nature of political and sociolinguistic discourses.
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Arias-Maldonado, Manuel. "Bedrock or social construction? What Anthropocene science means for political theory." Anthropocene Review 7, no. 2 (2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019619899536.
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How should political thinkers deal with environmental science? The question has acquired a new urgency with the rise of the Anthropocene, a scientific concept rapidly assimilated by the social sciences and the humanities. In that respect, some critics have levelled against it the well-known objections that environmental political thinkers and philosophers have directed towards science at large in the past. Anthropocene science might lead towards planetary governmentality, imposing a reductive way of understanding both the planet and sustainability. This article will claim that a clear demarcation between scientific and sociopolitical enquiries is needed. Political thinkers should take the findings provided by natural scientists as the basis for normative exploration and the quest for meaning. Arendt’s reflections on truth and factfulness will help to make this point.
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Kapsaskis, Dionysios. "Creative subtitling as film-transformative practice: From immersion to amazement in Edgar Pêra’s The Baron." Meta 69, no. 1 (2024): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1113945ar.
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In this article, I examine creative subtitling as a cultural practice whose significance exceeds its use value as merely an enhanced variety of subtitling. The article’s main argument is that creative subtitling transforms the films that contain it by expanding further on their creative ideas, by foregrounding these films’ constructedness, and by embedding new layers of self-awareness in them. I begin the analysis by critiquing some recent studies on creative subtitling for downplaying the part of creativity in favour of a reductive conceptualisation of translation as meaning transfer. I then turn to Antoine Berman’s account of translation as reflexive practice, the ethical aim of which is to undo this conceptualisation and turn our attention away from meaning and closer to the experience of language itself. Taking translational creativity to mean literally this transformative “undoing,” in the last section, I examine the case of the creative subtitles of Edgar Pêra’s film, O barão [The Baron] (2011). I argue that these subtitles expand further on the creative ideas of this film while simultaneously “undoing” it: they take us out of a state of immersion in the story and into a state of “amazement” at the experience of the language of cinema itself.
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Stollznow, Karen. "Dehumanisation in language and thought." Journal of Language and Politics 7, no. 2 (2008): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.7.2.01sto.
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Dehumanisation is a central tool of propaganda, war and oppression, but could it also be an everyday phenomenon? This paper attempts to demonstrate that dehumanisation is not invariably deviant behaviour, but often grounded in normal cognition. Dehumanisation is often defined as to make less human (Encarta) or to deprive of human character (Oxford English Dictionary). Are these adequate definitions? Is there evidence of polysemy, and a more salient sense? How can we explain the meaning and enactment of this process? This paper investigates the linguistic and behavioural representation of dehumanisation, with reference to modern and historical events. This semantic analysis considers aspects of pragmatics, semiotics, cognition and metaphor. The framework used in this examination is the Natural Semantic Metalanguage method of Reductive Paraphrase (Wierzbicka & Goddard 2002; Wierzbicka 1972).
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Mueller, Jason C., and Steven Schmidt. "Revisiting Culture and Meaning-Making in World-Systems Analysis: A Proposal for Engaging with the Cultural Political Economy Approach." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (2019): 711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519856074.
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World-systems analysis (WSA) understands socio-cultural phenomena as fundamental to the operation of global capitalism, whether through geocultures that sustain centrist liberalism, the emergence of capitalist subjectivities, or by generating structures of knowledge that bound political possibilities. Nonetheless, many scholars critique WSA’s treatment of culture as reductive and epiphenomenal. How can we theorize culture’s relationship to global capitalism without assuming that culture merely “dupes” participants into reproducing exploitative structures? In this article, we offer a critical evaluation of WSA’s treatment of culture and argue that its alleged failings can be ameliorated by adopting a cultural political economy (CPE) framework, an analytical approach that has developed separately from WSA. To do so, we outline WSA’s major theorizations of culture; namely, its discussion of global geocultures and structures of knowledge. Departing from existing critiques of WSA, we discuss the applicability of CPE, which examines how discourses both influence and are shaped by the material world. Using anti-systemic movements, populism, and race-making in the world-system as examples, we demonstrate how a CPE-oriented approach permits WSA to address its major cultural critiques. Broadly, we call for a theoretical co-mixing of CPE and WSA, allowing researchers to address the alleged cultural failings of world-systems scholarship.
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Xinyan, Zhang. "How to Create a Life or Mind: As the Explanation of Our Consciousness, Intelligence and Language." Journal of NeuroPhilosophy 1, no. 2 (2022): 153–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7253901.
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Against the ideas of dualism, logocentrism, anthropocentrism, animism, panpsychism, biocentrism, neurocentrism, foundationalism, computationalism, especially substantialism, reductionism and even physicalism*, the author argues that life may be the only non-reductive concept, even the only ontological concept, with which we may explain our consciousness, intelligence and language. Life, as defined in this article, explains but not only human brains, and even not only biological organisms. Still, the mind, also as defined in this article, is the only one it explains. No mind may exist if not be a life or lives, and no life may exist if not be a mind or a part of it. If it is the mind that needs to be explained, it must finally and fundamentally be explained as a life or lives. If the question is about the origin of the mind, a life or lives must be the ultimate answer. In other words, life is the only attribute of mind, and mind also the only attribute of life, and therefore, consciousness, intelligence and language must be the properties of all the living systems, including non-biological living systems. A model of mind is hypothesized based on the analysis of two kinds of lives and their relationship with matter and energy. It may be deduced from this model: 1. All the memories of a living brain are its intelligence. 2. Both consciousness and nonconscious are only meaningless languages used in the communication among lives in an awakened brain. 3. Life is the only meaning of all those memories and languages. Ontologically, life may even be the only meaning of all matter and energy.
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Sonesson, Göran. "The Psammetichus Syndrome and Beyond." American Journal of Semiotics 35, no. 1 (2019): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ajs201952249.
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Thanks to Bruno Galantucci, “experimental semiotics” is usually nowadays taken to mean the study of “novel forms of communication which people develop when they cannot use pre-established communication systems”. In spite of Galantucci’s claim to have picked the label because it was free, it has actually been used in different ways at least twice before: by Colin Ware, who takes it to be involved with “the elucidation of symbols that gain their meaning by being structured to take advantage of the human sensory apparatus”, as opposed to conventional meaning-making, and by Kashima and Haslam, who apply it to complex social situations. The label could also conveniently be used to describe the kind of experiment that we have realized at Centre for Cognitive Semiotics, which are classical psychological experiments which have been enriched with a focus on the particular semiotic resources involved, while also applying phenomenological analysis to both the experimental situation and its outcome. These are all reductive uses of the terms “experimental” and “semiotics”. In fact, although Galantucci himself refers to Psammetichus’s famous experiment as being roughly analogous to his understanding of experimental semiotics, there are important differences, the Psammetichus experiment, in spite of its intentions, being more unbiased, if it could really be accomplished. Pursuing the principle that I have called the dialects of phenomenology and experiment, and what Jordan Zlatev has termed the conceptual-empirical loop, I will suggest, in the present paper, that these different experimental approaches can be related to different varieties of semiosis, thus helping us to spell out the full task of the discipline termed cognitive semiotics. This, in turn, will help us determine the full scope of cognitive semiotics, while also highlighting the importance of the semiotic part, that is, the attention to meaning, revealed by phenomenology.
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Fiorini, Rodolfo A. "Empowering Cognition by Precisation of Numeric Words." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 9, no. 4 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2017100101.
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Abstract intelligence is a human enquiry of both natural and artificial intelligence at the reductive embodying levels of neural, cognitive, functional, and logical from the bottom up. The convergence of software and intelligent sciences forms the transdisciplinary field of computational intelligence. In 2008, Lotfi Zadeh concluded that to make significant progress toward achievement of human level machine intelligence a paradigm shift is needed. New computational information conservation awareness can open the way for an effective paradigm shift to recover lost coherence information in system description and to develop even advanced quantum cognitive systems. The author shows the fundamental pre-spatial geometro-arithmetic scheme defining optimized numeric word generators and relations to minimize the traditional multiscale statistic modeling veil opacity and information entropy generation. It is the first, fundamental step to a reliable progression from computing with numbers to computing with numeric words with precisation of their meaning.
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Vallins, David. "Contemplation and Criticism: Coleridge, Derrida and the Sublime." Comparative Critical Studies 13, no. 1 (2016): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2016.0185.
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Recent criticism has often contrasted both deconstruction and Romantic idealism with diverse ‘progressive’ ideologies, whether historical-materialist in origin, or associated with the economic liberalism of British Whigs in the early nineteenth century. At the same time, however, Romantic idealism is often seen as involving a Platonic essentialism which distinguishes it from deconstruction as much as from historical materialism. My essay seeks to unravel these dichotomies and paradoxes, highlighting the political ambiguity of the advocates of Romantic-era political economy, as well as the anti-essentialist aspects of Coleridge's idealism, and the important elements it has in common with Derrida's questioning of ‘self-presence’ and logocentrism. The principal form of the sublime that I explore arises from Coleridge's and Derrida's recognition of the indefinableness of the origin of consciousness or the source of meaning in language – a recognition which, I argue, is progressive in its resistance to reductive and instrumentalizing definitions of humanity.
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Folkvord, Ingvild. "Nyskapende radioestetikk og pragmatisk leilighets-arbeid – hørespillsjangeren i Inger Hagrups verk." Nordlit 16, no. 2 (2012): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2382.
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This article focuses on a frequently neglected part of the Norwegian author Inger Hagerup’s (1905-1985) work: her occupation with the popular genre of radio play. Based upon Ernst Cassirer’s dynamic approach to formative cultural work and expressive meaning, the article investigates two of Hagerup’s works produced for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK): Firstly her own radioplay Hilsen fra Katarina (1949), secondly her translation of Ingeborg Bachmann’s Der gute Gott von Manhattan (1957). Through a juxtaposition of the two, Hagerup’s own radio play stands out as an innovative contribution to the particular Norwegian development of this genre, and as a modern, far more experimental, work than her poems from the same period. Her translation of Bachmann’s work appears as surprisingly reductive with respect to the complexity of Bachmann’s original text. The article points out how the translation of Bachmann’s play to a Norwegian context can also be viewed as a cultural transfer highlighting different ideas of a popular genre during the first decades after World War II.
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Robbins, Michael. "Psychoanalytic and Biological Approaches to Mental Illness: Schizophrenia." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, no. 2 (1992): 425–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000206.
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Biological psychiatrists tend to look upon the phenomena of mind and meaning, which are the data of psychoanalysis, as meaningless epiphenomena, and propose reductive explanations of complex mental states, whereas psychoanalysis tend to ignore the proliferation of neurobiological data indicating the importance of constitutional factors in mental illness. Interactive models which confuse biological causes and psychological consequences, or vice-versa, are theoretically unsound. A scientific model hierarchy is proposed, along with some principles for coexistence and collaboration between neurobiology and psychoanalysis. The problem is illustrated with schizophrenia, a condition whose probable biological underpinnings are now generally considered to remove it from the realm of psychoanalysis. Schizophrenia-vulnerable phenotypes consistent with organic findings and clinical observations are hypothesized, and some ideas about their development in the context of early object relations, leading to pathological forms of symbiosis, are elaborated. A neurobiological rationale for the psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia is presented, and special problems related to the biological and symbiotic substrate are examined.
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Pritchard, Will. "Listening at the edge: Attending to living process in Sesame Dramatherapy." Dramatherapy 40, no. 1 (2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263067218819262.
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This essay will outline some of the means and implications of attending to living processes in Sesame Dramatherapy. Broadly defined, living processes are those which exceed rigid, reductive, fixed or thing-like concepts. Insofar as our more mobile concepts often collapse into fixed definitions or signs, we might say that living processes resist conceptualisation altogether. I will consider how to avoid objectifying living processes which, as a category, encompass psychic processes and our experiences of other people and living beings. I will investigate how it is possible to enter into an ‘I-Thou’ relationship with the diverse phenomena of Sesame Dramatherapy sessions, stepping out of ‘I-it’, objectifying ways of relating. In order to do this, I will draw upon three main philosophical streams: Goethean observation, phenomenology and Eugene Gendlin’s Philosophy of the Implicit. Some of the therapeutic implications of this will then be outlined, with particular reference to the creation of meaning and the experience of selfhood.
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Rowan, Williams. "Słowa, wojna i milczenie. Thomas Merton na XXI wiek." Świat i Słowo 31, no. 2 (2018): 215–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1478901.
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Throughout his writing life Thomas Merton was preoccupied with the dangers of language. He was attentive to what was being done to language in the climate of militarism, rivalry, and international anxiety. On the one hand, there was the incoherence of language that could not be trusted, on the other – the coherence of weapons that were infallible. In this environment the whole notion of reason and sanity was shaken. When we treat ourselves, and ourselves alone, as reasonable, we say of the other that there is no meaning there. This article examines Merton’s thinking about the crisis of language and suggests vital connections between the world in the 1960s and the world today: a world of self-reflexive culture, of polarized politics, of reductive, banal and trivial accounts of human nature, a thinning and a shrinking of language and what it can say and do, and a one-sided view of reason.
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Tobing, Oscard L. "Contribution and Reduction of Narrative Theology to Biblical Hermeneutics in the Postmodern Era." Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 20, no. 2 (2021): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v20i2.478.
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This research examines narrative theology, which began to develop in the 1970s in the United States, and is now widely practiced in theological discourses, including in Indonesia. This theology, sometimes called postliberal theology, uses the postmodern interpretation paradigm, which seeks the meaning “in front of” the text (readers-oriented). The intended readers are the community, who have the same language, culture, and traditions. It turns out that narrative theology, which initially served as a theological reflection on Christianity’s claims to the biblical texts, has shifted into a hermeneutical lens in reading the biblical texts. Using analytical studies of library research and systematic review, the author discusses the contours of narrative theology starting from the thoughts of its pioneers (such as Hans W. Frei, George A. Lindbeck, Stanley Hauerwas, and Sally McFague), describing its characteristics, and evaluating them. The analysis results are presented in two points. The first is an appreciation of the contributions of narrative theology, i.e., simple-practical, confessional-dogmatic, relational, and inductive. The second is an evaluation of some reductive aspects of narrative theology, i.e., postmodern hermeneutics; a disregard of historicity and genre diversity; traditional-dogmatic fideism; sectarianism; and pragmatism.
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Zuo, Xiaochun, Cunlei Li, Jinliang Zhang, Guiyang Ma, and Panpan Chen. "Geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Shahejie Formation in the Binnan Oilfield, China." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 17, no. 3 (2020): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxaa013.
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Abstract Trace elements in sedimentary rocks are highly sensitive to palaeoaquatic environmental changes in a sedimentary environment, making them an effective means for studying the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during the deposition of sediments. The trace elements and major elements of mudstone cores sampled in the Binnan Oilfield in China were tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and boron (B), which are all sensitive to the sedimentary environment, were selected as discriminant indicators, and the sedimentary environment of the Shahejie Formation in the Binnan Oilfield was studied by combining with sedimentary indicators. The results show that the equivalent B content and the Sr/Ba ratio discriminate the research area for salt water and freshwater sedimentary environments. The V/(V + Ni) ratio is between 0.65 and 0.81, meaning that this area has a highly reductive sedimentary stratum. The trend of the Rb/Sr curve indicates that the paleoclimate of the Shahejie Formation changed from dry to humid and then back to dry.
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Razfar, Aria, and Eunah Yang. "Digital, Hybrid, Multilingual Literacy Practices in Early Childhood." Language Arts 88, no. 2 (2010): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la201012413.
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This article examines sociocultural research on early literacy development in the digital age. The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of informational technology that has fundamentally shifted how we think about language and literacy in the early childhood years. Despite these trends, narrow and reductive views of literacy continue to dominate federal policy and local pedagogy. Building on previous work regarding sociocultural influence on early literacy, this paper synthesizes lessons learned from the latest empirical work conducted using sociocultural approaches to language, learning, and human development. Analysis reveals three significant and interrelated foci: 1) the use of electronic and digital media as mediational tools, 2) the use of hybrid languages and mediational tools, and 3) the use of multiple languages, literacies, and discourses, especially of immigrant and nondominant communities. These ethnographic studies help us better understand the complexities of young children and adults making meaning in a digital and hybrid literacy world. The authors conclude with practical guidelines for educators, family members, and other adults involved in early literacy development.
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Cakiki, Baki, and Alena Thiel. "Addressability." Sociologisk Forskning 62, no. 1-2 (2025): 107–20. https://doi.org/10.37062/sf.62.27828.
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In this article we develop the concept of addressability to help us unpack processes of identification. We start from a foundational sociological account of addressing as laid out by Simmel, and use Luhmann’s systems theory to identify tensions in the overlap between different systems. The dual character of addressing as reductive (in meaning) and constructive (of communicative positions) helps us understand a mode of knowledge production that generates its own recipients. By concentrating on the moment of addressing in this manner and developing the concept of addressability to explain its complexity, we seek to build an analytic concept that is useful for scholars who are interested in unpacking the construction of communicative positions in identification. We demonstrate the potential of this concept with an analysis of two moments of addressability in action that involve personal identification numbers. We conclude that the intersection and mutual challenge of these two approaches can help us connect different addressing moments while also moving beyond questions of surveillance and entitlement that routinely seek to capture the problem of identification.
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Dahlgren, Peter, and Annette Hill. "Parameters of Media Engagement." Media Theory 4, no. 1 (2020): 01–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.70064/mt.v4i1.618.
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Engagement is a tricky term to pin down, shifting meaning in the media industries, across political communication and within popular culture. But the definition of engagement matters, as new currencies circulate in academic and industry discourses. The argument put forward here is that media engagement is a term that has been used in a strategic way within the media industries to capture social media analytics and ratings performance, thus instrumentally using a reductive meaning of engagement as a measurement of interest. We argue for a new definition of the term as an energising internal force; engagement is a subjective experience, protean in character, driven by affect yet always retaining some elements of rationality. We theorize media engagement as linking the personal, the socio-cultural, and the political, and these elements serve as a horizon in the parameters of media engagement. A matrix of five parameters offers a model for analysing engagement in relation to media contexts, motivations, modalities, intensities, and consequences. The parameters of media engagement highlight the trajectories of engagement, including the build up to engagement, the moment and place of engagement itself, and also what happens beyond engagement, such as participation and social activism, or fan production and user generated content. This way of conceptualising and contextualising media engagement offers analytic purchase for empirical research and reflexive theorisation that is attentive to the nexus of relations at the heart of engagement. We illustrate the empirical utility of this theoretical trajectory with an example from professional wrestling and populism. In such a way, media engagement can be a useful analytic term to map and understand how and why engagement matters to people in the context of political and cultural spheres.
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Holm, Nicholas. "No more jokes: Comic complexity, Adult Swim and a political aesthetic model of humour." European Journal of Cultural Studies 25, no. 2 (2022): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13675494221087296.
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For such a complex cultural form, the politics of humour have historically been understood in highly reductive terms: either as an abstract political function (e.g. carnival or ridicule) or as a simple formal flourish that can be pressed into the service of any cause. Drawing on the work of Raymond Williams and Jacques Rancière, I argue instead for a ‘political aesthetic’ model that grasps humour as a cultural formation, the politics of which cannot be determined in advance or in the abstract but only understood in relation to the political, economic and social elements of a wider conjuncture. This political aesthetic approach will be illustrated through a case study of the historical development of the internationally distributed Adult Swim programming block: an example of how shifts in economic and technological context can lead to shifts in the political meaning of a persistent comic aesthetic. At the forefront of an emergent comic formation in the early 2000s, Adult Swim’s once niche comic aesthetic now informs dominant models of online humour in ways that threaten to mitigate, or even reverse, the critical cultural politics of its earlier iterations.
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Walther, Rúna F. E., and Hein T. van Schie. "‘Mind-Revealing’ Psychedelic States: Psychological Processes in Subjective Experiences That Drive Positive Change." Psychoactives 3, no. 3 (2024): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3030026.
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This narrative review explores the utilization of psychedelic states in therapeutic contexts, deliberately shifting the focus from psychedelic substances back to the experiential phenomena which they induce, in alignment with the original meaning of the term “mind-manifesting”. This review provides an overview of various psychedelic substances used in modern therapeutic settings and ritualistic indigenous contexts, as well as non-pharmacological methods that can arguably induce psychedelic states, including breathwork, meditation, and sensory deprivation. While the occurrence of mystical experiences in psychedelic states seems to be the strongest predictor of positive outcomes, the literature of this field yields several other psychological processes, such as awe, perspective shifts, insight, emotional breakthrough, acceptance, the re-experiencing of memories, and certain aspects of challenging experiences, that are significantly associated with positive change. Additionally, we discuss in detail mystical experience-related changes in metaphysical as well as self-related beliefs and their respective contributions to observed outcomes. We conclude that a purely medical and neurobiological perspective on psychological health is reductive and should not overshadow the significance of phenomenological experiences in understanding and treating psychological issues that manifest in the subjective realities of human individuals.
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Krajewski, Stanisław. "Characterising Context-Independent Quantifiers and Inferences." Studia Humana 13, no. 2 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2024-0007.
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Abstract Context is essential in virtually all human activities. Yet some logical notions seem to be context-free. For example, the nature of the universal quantifier, the very meaning of “all”, seems to be independent of the context. At the same time, there are many quantifier expressions, and some are context-independent, while others are not. Similarly, purely logical consequence seems to be context-independent. Yet often we encounter strong inferences, good enough for practical purposes, but not valid. The two types of examples suggest a general problem: how to characterise the context-free logical concepts in their natural environment, that is, in the field of their context-dependent associates. A general Thesis on Quantifiers is formulated: among all quantifiers, the context-free ones are just those definable by the universal quantifier. The issue of inferences is treated following the approach introduced by Richard L. Epstein: valid ones are an extreme case, the result of the disappearance of context-dependence. This idea can be applied to an analysis of a form of abduction, called “reductive inference” in Polish literature on logic. A tentative Thesis on Inferences identifies the validity of a strong inference that is context-independent.
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Engler, Steven. "Semantic Reduction of Spirits and Monsters." Journal of Gods and Monsters 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/jgm.v2i1.8.
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This article explores the semantics of spirits and monsters with reference to the Brazilian spirit-incorporation religion of Umbanda (and secondarily to the monster studies literature). Semantics is the study of meaning. The most common, and common-sense, view of meaning roots it in reference, in representation, in signification, in how words match up with things. This article argues that an alternative semantic theory – seeing meaning in interpretation rather than representation – has greater value for making sense of spirits, monsters and gods. The article first characterizes these competing theories of meaning, then discusses problems with the representational assumptions of monster studies, and finally proposes the concept of “semantic reduction” as a tool for interpreting Umbanda’s spirits (and by extension, monsters and gods). This concept notes how attempts to interpret spirits soon run into the expected, the constrained, the pre-established, the scripted. The speech and actions of spirits are semantically reduced because their meanings are constrained and delimited: the semantic networks that constitute these meanings are bound by the religion’s ritual, doctrinal, narrative, institutional and material frames. Making sense of spirits, monsters, and gods is no different than making sense of human beings in “normal” contexts, except for the additional methodological challenge of learning to take account of the former’s unusual contexts.
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Moura Barroso, Israel. "THE CHALLENGE OF A FRATERNAL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE. A REFLECTION STEMMING FROM THE ESSAY “LA SFIDA DELLA CONVIVENZA” BY ALBERTO PIRNI." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 61, no. 147 (2020): 747–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2020n14709imb.
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ABSTRACT This article starts from the analysis of the work “La sfida della convivenza” (2018), by Italian philosopher Alberto Pirni, to establish with it a dialogue around the principle of fraternity. In his essay, Pirni offers an essential lexicon to discuss the possibilities of social coexistence between different individuals, groups, communities and cultures in contemporary societies. The first part of the article offers a summary of the ideas of the author, who seeks to deepen the meaning of key concepts for the intercultural debate through a prevalently philosophical lens. In the second part, we establish a dialogue between Pirni's work and the reflections on the principle of fraternity, in its ethical and normative dimensions. The debate is based, above all, on the Italian, French and Brazilian literature about the theme. The central thesis is that the idea of fraternity can serve as guiding principle to the intercultural ethics defended by Pirni, as long as it is stripped of the excluding or reductive logics that still today is attributed to it. In the concluding remarks, we offer a brief reflection on the possibilities of using the idea offraternity as an intercultural ethical principle around which to structure deliberation spaces within multicultural societies.
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Fatema Begum, Laboni. "REPRESENTATION OF ISLAM IN WESTERN MEDIA AND LITERATURE." DIU Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2, no. 01 (2014): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36481/diujhss.v.02i1.pt3vyk82.
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Representation of Islam in Western media and literature has categorized Islam under few characteristics like ‘fundamentalist’, ‘terrorist’, ‘anti-Western’ etc. Moreover, the 9/11 attack in the USA, US invasion into Iraq and Afghanistan and the huge propaganda, analysis and opinion of those events afterwards in the media, is found stereotypically identifying the whole race of Muslims as terrorists. The declared ‘War on Terrorism’ by the USA and comments of many US scholars on it make the situation worst because of the reductive meaning of the chosen words indirectly validates any type of US attacks on any Muslim nation. Beyond Belief by VS Naipaul, Satanic Verses by Salman Rusdie, Clash of Civilization by Huntington and some articles by other US scholars like Michael Ledeen, David Hanson and Robert D. Kaplan show some stereotypical points of view of Islam. This paper reveals that representation of Islam in these writings and in the media is biased and stereotypical. To support this revelation Edward Said’s Covering Islam and to clearly understand the politics of representation Stuart Hall’s theory of representation is used. Stereotypical representation creates nothing but distance between the Westerns and the Muslims. To remove the distance we must clearly understand the politics of representation of Islam and the Muslims
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HOLM, SØREN. "Undignified Arguments." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25, no. 2 (2016): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180115000535.
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Abstract:Something strange has happened to the concept of dignity in bioethics. After a long period in which U.S. pragmatist and U.K. consequentialist philosophers have argued that the concept is useless and vacuous, and in which they have been reasonably successful in expunging it from mainstream English-language academic bioethics, dignity has suddenly become popular again in debates about the legalization of physician-assisted dying (PAD). And, even stranger, it is deployed not by conservatives but by liberals. In the debates about PAD, liberal proponents of legalization seem to accept without question that there is such a state or process as “death with dignity,” which is juxtaposed to “undignified dying.” It also seems to be accepted that both of these states can be fairly easily identified and that they carry great moral weight. This article provides an analysis of the current resurgence of “undignified” arguments and argues on the basis of that analysis (1) that a proper understanding of the concept of dignity shows that the previous reductive arguments against dignity are partially incomplete and therefore partially misguided and (2) that, despite dignity having meaning, the idea of an undignified death cannot carry the moral weight it is given by proponents of the legalization of PAD.
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Laboni, Fatema Begum. "Representation of Islam in Western Media and Literature." DIU Journal of Humanities & Social Science 2 (October 17, 2024): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13943714.
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Representation of Islam in Western media and literature hascategorized Islam under few characteristics like ‘fundamentalist’,‘terrorist’, ‘anti-Western’ etc. Moreover, the 9/11 attack in the USA, USinvasion into Iraq and Afghanistan and the huge propaganda, analysis andopinion of those events afterwards in the media, is found stereotypicallyidentifying the whole race of Muslims as terrorists. The declared ‘War onTerrorism’ by the USA and comments of many US scholars on it make thesituation worst because of the reductive meaning of the chosen wordsindirectly validates any type of US attacks on any Muslim nation. BeyondBelief by VS Naipaul, Satanic Verses by Salman Rusdie, Clash ofCivilization by Huntington and some articles by other US scholars likeMichael Ledeen, David Hanson and Robert D. Kaplan show somestereotypical points of view of Islam. This paper reveals that representationof Islam in these writings and in the media is biased and stereotypical. Tosupport this revelation Edward Said’s Covering Islam and to clearlyunderstand the politics of representation Stuart Hall’s theory ofrepresentation is used. Stereotypical representation creates nothing butdistance between the Westerns and the Muslims. To remove the distance wemust clearly understand the politics of representation of Islam and theMuslims.
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Baggio, Guido. "Emergence, time and sociality: comparing conceptions of process ontology." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 6 (2020): 1365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa019.
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Abstract The paper focuses on a comparison between Lawson’s and Mead’s processual ontologies and more specifically on their conceptions of emergence. The first aim of the article is to highlight elements of similarity between their conceptions of social reality. It also aims to show, on the one hand, that Mead’s bio-social account of the emergent can help to interpret the dynamic process of emergence of both the social realm and agents’ identities (as described by Lawson) from a dynamic non-reductive naturalistic perspective; on the other hand, it shows how Lawson’s category of ‘social positioning’ can complement Mead’s ontogenetic explanation of changing social positions and the definition of ‘multiple selves’. By carefully considering the key elements of Lawson’s and Mead’s projects, it is, in fact, possible to understand better the meaning of a commitment to an updated processual ontology. In considering connections with classical pragmatic authors, it can be demonstrated that there are significant overlaps regarding the respective ways of considering the emergent. This offers a chance to understand more deeply how both pragmatism and Cambridge social ontology can together become part of the wider contemporary philosophical debate. In fact, Mead’s attempted synthesis between social and physical theories would help to highlight the common and complementary aspects linking what can be defined as his and Lawson’s ‘processual ontologies’.
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Österlund, Mia. "Havet som förbinder och skiljer åt." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 46, no. 3-4 (2016): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v46i3-4.8767.
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United and Divided by the Baltic Sea: Framed Silence in the Depiction of Finnish War Children during the Second World War
 Set in the 1940s, during the Second World War, Ulf Stark and Stina Wirsén’s picturebook Systern från havet (The Sister from the Sea, 2015) uses the Baltic Sea as a central referent in the story of a Finnish girl evacuee sent off to Sweden. Drawing on Lydia Kokkola’s theory of ”framed silence” in the narration of traumatic war memories for children, this article investigates how the wordless depiction of the Baltic Sea functions as a metonym for a child’s war experience. Wirsén’s reductive visual style makes use of contour, negative space and space in order to frame the silent parts of the narration considered too traumatic to reiterate to a young audience.
 The concept of ”framed silence” traces absences and reductions in the narration, and seeks to discover the meaning of what is left out or told via metonymy. In this article, I argue that Stark and Wirsén’s picturebook encapsulates an implied story about the most extensive evacuation of children during wartime in European history. The war-child genre is contextualized within the framework of this historical picturebook, but the narrative also alludes to contemporary issues, such as European migration and refugee crises.
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Laboni, Fatema Begum. "Representation of Islam in Western Media and Literature." DIU Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2 (October 2, 2024): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13879421.
Full textAbstract:
Representation of Islam in Western media and literature has categorized Islam under few characteristics like ‘fundamentalist’, ‘terrorist’, ‘anti-Western’ etc. Moreover, the 9/11 attack in the USA, US invasion into Iraq and Afghanistan and the huge propaganda, analysis and opinion of those events afterwards in the media, is found stereotypically identifying the whole race of Muslims as terrorists. The declared ‘War on Terrorism’ by the USA and comments of many US scholars on it make the situation worst because of the reductive meaning of the chosen words indirectly validates any type of US attacks on any Muslim nation. Beyond Belief by VS Naipaul, Satanic Verses by Salman Rusdie, Clash of Civilization by Huntington and some articles by other US scholars like Michael Ledeen, David Hanson and Robert D. Kaplan show some stereotypical points of view of Islam. This paper reveals that representation of Islam in these writings and in the media is biased and stereotypical. To support this revelation Edward Said’s Covering Islam and to clearly understand the politics of representation Stuart Hall’s theory of representation is used. Stereotypical representation creates nothing but distance between the Westerns and the Muslims. To remove the distance we must clearly understand the politics of representation of Islam and the Muslims.
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Saputri, Wiwil, Abdul Muntaqim Al Anshory, and Muhammad Ilham. "ASSOCIATIVE MEANING IN THE FILM "PAINTING THE SKYLINE" BY GIRI PRASETYO BASED ON GEOFFREY LEECH'S PERSPECTIVE." Paramasastra 10, no. 2 (2023): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/paramasastra.v10n2.p175-189.
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This study analyzes the dialogues in the film Painting the Skyline by Giri Prasetyo which contain associative meanings. This article aims to know and identify the types of associative meanings in the film Painting Feet in the Sky based on the perspective of Geoffrey Leech. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative and library research with a semantic approach. This study used the listen-and-record technique. Data analysis techniques by reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions of data. From this study, there are 4 out of 7 types of associative meanings, namely connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, and colloquial meaning. The connotative meaning contained in this film is 7 words, namely children who have grown up, live together, drift away, do not know the direction of the destination, nature, put hope, stop school. The stylistic meaning is 3 words, namely slumped, free, and remote—affective meaning of 3 words, namely obedient, saturated, and expressions of command. The colloquial meaning contained in the film Painting the Skyline by Giri Prasetyo is 3 words, namely family members, planets, and plants..