Journal articles: 'Redundant number systems'

1

Timmermann, D., and B. J. Hosticka. "Overflow effects in redundant binary number systems." Electronics Letters 29, no. 5 (1993): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19930294.

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Seo, Jong Hyen, and Seon Ah Roh. "Design and Inspection Policy for Redundant Systems Using Information of Warranty." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.226.

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This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal number of redundant units in redundant systems with random unit failures and warranty. Parallel and k out of n systems are considered. The optimal number of redundant units which minimize the expected cost rate is found and the number is shown to be finite and unique. For given inspection interval before expiration of warranty, the optimal number of redundant units is also obtained. The effects of inspection and the warranty to the optimal number of redundant units are studied.

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Parhami, B. "Generalized signed-digit number systems: a unifying framework for redundant number representations." IEEE Transactions on Computers 39, no. 1 (1990): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/12.46283.

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Anwer, Jahanzeb, Sebastian Meisner, and Marco Platzner. "Dynamic Reliability Management for FPGA-Based Systems." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2808710.

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Radiation tolerance in FPGAs is an important field of research particularly for reliable computation in electronics used in aerospace and satellite missions. The motivation behind this research is the degradation of reliability in FPGA hardware due to single-event effects caused by radiation particles. Redundancy is a commonly used technique to enhance the fault-tolerance capability of radiation-sensitive applications. However, redundancy comes with an overhead in terms of excessive area consumption, latency, and power dissipation. Moreover, the redundant circuit implementations vary in structure and resource usage with the redundancy insertion algorithms as well as number of used redundant stages. The radiation environment varies during the operation time span of the mission depending on the orbit and space weather conditions. Therefore, the overheads due to redundancy should also be optimized at run-time with respect to the current radiation level. In this paper, we propose a technique called Dynamic Reliability Management (DRM) that utilizes the radiation data, interprets it, selects a suitable redundancy level, and performs the run-time reconfiguration, thus varying the reliability levels of the target computation modules. DRM is composed of two parts. The design-time tool flow of DRM generates a library of various redundant implementations of the circuit with different magnitudes of performance factors. The run-time tool flow, while utilizing the radiation/error-rate data, selects a required redundancy level and reconfigures the computation module with the corresponding redundant implementation. Both parts of DRM have been verified by experimentation on various benchmarks. The most significant finding we have from this experimentation is that the performance can be scaled multiple times by using partial reconfiguration feature of DRM, e.g., 7.7 and 3.7 times better performance results obtained for our data sorter and matrix multiplier case studies compared with static reliability management techniques. Therefore, DRM allows for maintaining a suitable trade-off between computation reliability and performance overhead during run-time of an application.

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Sahoo, S. K., Anu Gupta, Abhijit R. Asati, and Chandra Shekhar. "A Novel Redundant Binary Number to Natural Binary Number Converter." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 59, no. 3 (August 11, 2009): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-009-0392-x.

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Potkonjak, Veljko. "Distributed positioning for redundant robotic systems." Robotica 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700007323.

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SUMMARYA new approach to redundant robots is presented. The problem of the multiple solutions of the inverse kinematic is solved by making a special distribution of robot external motions to the redundant number of joint motions. The distribution is made in such a way to separate the smooth transport motion from the relative motion which could be fast and have high acceleration.

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Bhattacharya, Debasis, and Soma Roychowdhury. "On constrained reliability maximization using active redundancy in coherent systems with non-overlapping subsystems." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 5, no. 1 (October 25, 2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2015.00205.

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The paper investigates a problem of constrained reliability maximization by allocating redundancy and proposes how to solve it for a broad group of complex coherent systems. Redundancy is an effective engineering tool to enhance system reliability to make a system fail-safe. Since adding redundancy increases the cost and complexity of a system design, it should be used wisely. The work considers an exact solution to the problem under resource constraints and finds optimal redundancy numbers. The proposed method can accommodate any number of constraints. Numerical examples have been included. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to show how sensitive the optimal allocation of redundant components and the gain in system reliability are to the budget allocation.

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Vik Tor Goh and M. U. Siddiqi. "Multiple error detection and correction based on redundant residue number systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications 56, no. 3 (March 2008): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2008.050401.

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Heuberger, Clemens. "Minimal expansions in redundant number systems: Fibonacci bases and Greedy algorithms." Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 49, no. 2 (December 2004): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10998-004-0523-x.

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Amanollahi, Saba, and Ghassem Jaberipur. "Energy-Efficient VLSI Realization of Binary64 Division With Redundant Number Systems." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 25, no. 3 (March 2017): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2604346.

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11

Heuberger, C. "Minimal Expansions in Redundant Number Systems and Shortest Paths in Graphs." Computing 63, no. 4 (December 1999): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s006070050039.

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Heuberger, Clemens, and Helmut Prodinger. "On Minimal Expansions in Redundant Number Systems: Algorithms and Quantitative Analysis." Computing 66, no. 4 (June 7, 2001): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s006070170021.

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13

Jafari, Mahdi, and Jafar Roshanian. "Optimal Redundant Sensor Configuration for Accuracy and Reliability Increasing in Space Inertial Navigation Systems." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 2 (October 3, 2012): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000434.

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A redundant Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an inertial sensing device composed of more than three accelerometers and three gyroscopes. This paper analyses the performance of redundant IMUs and their various sensor configurations. The inertial instruments can achieve high reliability for long periods of time only by redundancy. By suitable geometric configurations it is possible to extract the maximum amount of reliability and accuracy from a given number of redundant single-degree-of-freedom gyros or accelerometers. This paper gives a general derivation of the optimum matrix which can be applied to the outputs of any combination of three or more sensors to obtain three orthogonal vector components based on their geometric configuration and error characteristics. Certain combinations of four or more instruments are able to detect an instrument malfunction, and combinations of five have the additional capability of isolating that malfunction to a particular sensor. Finally, this paper offers a major improvement in reliability, although the improvement in accuracy is minor.

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Cupek, Rafal, Kamil Folkert, Marcin Fojcik, Tomasz Klopot, and Grzegorz Polaków. "Performance evaluation of redundant OPC UA architecture for process control." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215603792.

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Classical control applications with a centralized logic and distributed input/output system are being replaced by dynamic environments of cooperating components. Thus, the OPC (Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control) UA (Unified Architecture) is becoming more popular, because the OPC Data Access substandard is not well suited for distributed systems. Moreover, in many production systems, redundant data servers are preferred, for financial and legal reasons. Providing performance evaluation gives an estimate of the time required (and data samples lost) to switch to a backup data source for redundant OPC UA architecture, depending on the failure detection method, number of variables and redundancy mode.

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Sun, Jenn-Dong, and Hari Krishna. "Fast algorithms for erasures and error correction in redundant residue number systems." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 12, no. 4 (December 1993): 503–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01188092.

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16

Jiang, Yao, Tiemin Li, and Liping Wang. "The dynamic modeling, redundant-force optimization, and dynamic performance analyses of a parallel kinematic machine with actuation redundancy." Robotica 33, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574714000265.

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SUMMARYThis paper discusses a planar 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel kinematic machine with actuation redundancy. Its inverse dynamic model is constructed by utilizing the Newton–Euler method based on the kinematic analysis. However, the dynamic model cannot be solved directly because the number of equations is less than the number of unknowns, which is due to the redundant force. In order to solve this problem, the relationship between the deformations of the links and the position errors of the moving platform are further explored. Then a novel method, which aims at minimizing the position errors of the machine, is proposed to optimize the redundant force. It also enables to solve the dynamic model. Finally, the dynamic performance analyses of this machine and its non-redundant counterpart are provided by numerical examples. Besides, another optimization method proposed for minimizing the constraint forces is also applied for comparison. The results show the effectiveness of the novel methods in improving the position precision of the machine.

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Selianinau, Mikhail. "Cryptographic Protection of Data based on minimal redundant polynomial-scalar modular number systems." Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa 2 (2014): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/tiib.2014.02.32.

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18

Dalla, Vijay Kumar, and Pushparaj Mani Pathak. "Curve-constrained collision-free trajectory control of hyper-redundant planar space robot." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 231, no. 4 (April 2017): 282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651817698350.

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Redundancy resolution in a hyper-redundant space robots is a big challenge due to its extra degrees of freedom. This article presents a methodology to control motion planning of a planar space robot with multiple links, that is, hyper-redundant space robot. For control purpose, first a curve-constrained link trajectory tracking control has been developed. Then, the developed control approach has been extended for a collision-free trajectory tracking. For curve-constrained link trajectory tracking control, the backbone reference set (curve fitting) has been applied to exploit the redundancy of two-dimensional space robot of multiple links. For kinematic control purpose, a limited number of joints are actuated. The hyper-redundant space robot has the advantage that manipulator can be configured differently through actuation of different joints. The concept of a limited number of joint actuation has further been extended for collision-free trajectory tracking in the workspace in the presence of obstacles. Collision avoidance is based on the configuration transformation approach where the joints are made active or fixed joint position to facilitate collision-free tip trajectory. Before configuration transformation, collision detection has been performed based on the pseudo-distance criterion. The bond graph technique has been used for the dynamic model of the system and to formulate system equations. The simulation and the animation results validated the successful execution of the proposed approaches for the curve-constrained collision-free trajectory planning.

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Куницкая, Светлана Юрьевна, Вера Григорьевна Бабенко, and Олег Борисович Пивень. "Use of the software structure for model synthesis of positional redundant number systems." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 6(25) (September 22, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.51225.

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20

Kopilovich, L. E. "Non-redundant apertures for optical interferometric systems: maximization of the number of elements." Journal of Modern Optics 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 2417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095003498150466.

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21

Fong, C. C. "Approximate distributions of the number and duration of failures of parallel redundant systems." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 25, no. 2 (January 1989): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(89)90032-x.

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22

Kumar, Swagat, Premkumar P., Ashish Dutta, and Laxmidhar Behera. "Visual motor control of a 7DOF redundant manipulator using redundancy preserving learning network." Robotica 28, no. 6 (September 21, 2009): 795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470999049x.

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SUMMARYThis paper deals with the design and implementation of a visual kinematic control scheme for a redundant manipulator. The inverse kinematic map for a redundant manipulator is a one-to-many relation problem; i.e. for each Cartesian position, multiple joint angle vectors are associated. When this inverse kinematic relation is learnt using existing learning schemes, a single inverse kinematic solution is achieved, although the manipulator is redundant. Thus a new redundancy preserving network based on the self-organizing map (SOM) has been proposed to learn the one-to-many relation using sub-clustering in joint angle space. The SOM network resolves redundancy using three criteria, namely lazy arm movement, minimum angle norm and minimum condition number of image Jacobian matrix. The proposed scheme is able to guide the manipulator end-effector towards the desired target within 1-mm positioning accuracy without exceeding physical joint angle limits. A new concept of neighbourhood has been introduced to enable the manipulator to follow any continuous trajectory. The proposed scheme has been implemented on a seven-degree-of-freedom (7DOF) PowerCube robot manipulator successfully with visual position feedback only. The positioning accuracy of the redundant manipulator using the proposed scheme outperforms existing SOM-based algorithms.

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23

Phatak, D. S., and I. Koren. "Hybrid signed-digit number systems: a unified framework for redundant number representations with bounded carry propagation chains." IEEE Transactions on Computers 43, no. 8 (1994): 880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/12.295850.

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24

Ider, S. Kemal. "Inverse dynamics of redundant manipulators using a minimum number of control forces." Journal of Robotic Systems 12, no. 8 (August 1995): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.4620120806.

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Yelisieiev, V., G. Pyvovarov, and K. Herasymenko. "Experience of Implementation of Safety and Normal Operation Control Systems at NPP Units." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(71) (August 15, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.3(71).12.

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The paper deals with instrumentation and control (I&C) of safety control systems (ESFAS) and normal operation control systems (NOCS) for NPP units. The research contains: general information on I&C of ESFAS and I&C of NOCS; description of design solutions for ESFAS, NOCS and principles of their implementation in I&C versions, description of basic components for design of I&C of ESFAS and I&C of NOCS. Distinctive features of ESFAS and NOCS I&Cs are the following: possibility to design systems with different number of channels in accordance with the design requirements; higher reliability due to redundant structures, including redundancy of analog-digital units and control drive units; minimization of cabling due to optical interface of data transmission using digital devices for remote control, indication and alarm in MCR (ECR); possibility of single redundant channel maintenance of I&Cs without losing operability; continuous monitoring of equipment of I&Cs, including diagnosing of input discrete signal channels and detection of hidden faults “on demand”.

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Xing, Jin, Peng Bo, and Lu Hai. "Analytical Analysis Method for Number of Spare Parts of Typical Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.123.

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Series system, parallel system, r-out-of-n system and sequence system are typical in the engineering. Under the assumption that the repair time is negligible and the unit life has the identical exponential distribution, the analytical calculating method for failure probability and availability of the repairable typical system is proposed. The analytical calculating method has avoided the redundant Monte-Carlo simulation and computation, and has explicit physical meaning and high computational accuracy which is convenient for engineering application. The paper provides the practical method for determining the number of the spare parts of the typical system in engineering.

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Pagli, Linda, and Geppino Pucci. "Counting the number of fault patterns in redundant VLSI arrays." Information Processing Letters 50, no. 6 (June 1994): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00047-6.

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Tomohiro KAMIMURA, and Akinori KANASUGI. "A Parallel Processor for Distributed Genetic Algorithm with Redundant Binary Number." International Journal of Information Processing and Management 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijipm.vol4.issue1.12.

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Alia, G. "Logic Design of a Fast Circuit for Iterative Additions in Redundant Hybrid Number Systems." Computer Journal 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/41.1.45.

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Miglino, Orazio, and Richard Walker. "Genetic Redundancy in Evolving Populations of Simulated Robots." Artificial Life 8, no. 3 (July 2002): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454602320991855.

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A number of authors have argued that redundancy in biological organisms contributes to their evolvability. We investigate this hypothesis via the experimental manipulation of genetic redundancy in evolving populations of simulated robots controlled by artificial neural networks. A genetic algorithm is used to simulate the evolution of robots with the ability to perform a previously studied task. Redundancy is measured using systematic lesioning. In our experiments, populations of robots with larger genotypes achieve systematically higher fitness than populations whose genotypes are smaller. It is shown that, in principle, robots with smaller genotypes have enough computational power to achieve optimal fitness. Populations with larger (redundant) genotypes appear, however, to be more evolvable and display significantly higher diversity. It is argued that this enhanced evolvability is a direct effect of genetic redundancy, which allows populations of redundant robots to explore neutral networks spanning large areas of genotype space. We conjecture that, where cost considerations allow, redundancy in functional or potentially functional components of the genome may make a valuable contribution to evolution in artificial and perhaps in biological systems. The methods described in the article provide a practical way of testing this hypothesis for the artificial case.

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Chernov, V. M. "Number systems in modular rings and their applications to "error-free" computations." Computer Optics 43, no. 5 (October 2019): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-5-901-911.

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The article introduces and explores new systems of parallel machine arithmetic associated with the representation of data in the redundant number system with the basis, the formative sequences of degrees of roots of the characteristic polynomial of the second order recurrence. Such number systems are modular reductions of generalizations of Bergman's number system with the base equal to the "Golden ratio". The associated Residue Number Systems is described. In particular, a new "error-free" algorithm for calculating discrete cyclic convolution is proposed as an application to the problems of digital signal processing. The algorithm is based on the application of a new class of discrete orthogonal transformations, for which there are effective “multipication-free” implementations.

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Фесенко, Герман Вікторович, and Вячеслав Сергійович Харченко. "МОДЕЛІ НАДІЙНОСТІ УГРУПОВАНЬ ФЛОТІВ БПЛА З КОВЗНИМ РЕЗЕРВУВАННЯМ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ПОТЕНЦІЙНО НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2019.2.14.

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Over the past years, unmanned aerial vehicles have been used to solve the problems of pre-and post-accident monitoring of nuclear power plants and other potentially dangerous objects. The use of a fleet (fleet grouping) of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for monitoring missions is due to the special conditions of the aggressive environment, which causes the failures of certain UAVs, and therefore needs to ensure a high level of reliability of such a fleet (the group of fleets). The most effective way to solve this problem is to use k-out-of-n redundancy. The subject of the study is a UAV fleet group with k-out-of-n redundancy. In order to take into account the reliability of the control station for various variants of the organization of UAV fleet groups, it is advisable to formulate the following tasks: to analyze the different structures of UAV fleet groups taking into account the scheme of activation of redundant UAVs; to develop and investigate models of reliability of UAV fleet groups with a centralized, decentralized and partially decentralized schemes of activation of redundant UAVs with the possibility of control station redundancy; to formulate recommendations for choosing a scheme for activation of redundant UAVs. Research results: the structure of the UAV fleet group with two-level k-out-of-n redundancy (at fleet levels and their groups using the reserve fleet) and different variants of organization of control stations were proposed. The centralized, decentralized and partially decentralized structures of activation of the redundant UAVs for a fleet group with reserve (reserve fleets) are investigated, namely: the reliability block diagrams of these systems are constructed; analytical expressions for calculating the probability of failure-free operation of the UAV fleet group based on each of these schemes are obtained; the following dependencies are obtained and investigated: probability of failure-free operation of a UAV fleet group with different probabilities of UAV failure-free operation from the number of the main fleets in case of use of reserve fleet with three UAVs; the probability of UAV fleet group failure-free operation with different schemes of activation of redundant UAVs from the number of main fleets in the case of using a reserve fleet with three UAVs. The development and research of reliability models have made it possible to formulate tasks regarding the choice of schemes for activation of redundant UAVs and the corresponding recommendations for the organization of groups. Further research is appropriate to focus on developing software to support decision-making on choosing the options for structures and taking into account possible schemes to get areas of responsibility by UAVs.

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Wang, Yunfeng. "A fast workspace-density-driven inverse kinematics method for hyper-redundant manipulators." Robotica 24, no. 5 (May 26, 2006): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574706002827.

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Hyper-redundant manipulators have a very large number of redundant degrees of freedom. They have been recognized as a means to improve manipulator performance in complex and unstructured environments. However, the high degree of redundancy also poses new challenges when performing inverse kinematics calculations. Prior works have shown that the workspace density (generated by sampling the joint space and evaluating the frequency of occurrence of the resulting end-effector reference frames) is a valuable quantity for use in ${\cal O}(P)$ inverse kinematics algorithms. Here $P$ is the number of modules in a manipulator constructed of a serial cascade of modules. This paper develops a new “divide-and-conquer” method for inverse kinematics using the workspace density. This method does not involve a high-dimensional Jacobian matrix and offers high accuracy. And its computational complexity is only ${\cal O}({\rm log}_2\,P)$, which makes it ideal for very high degree-of-freedom systems. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate this new method on a planar example, and a detailed comparison with a breadth-first search method is conducted.

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Jaberipur, G., B. Parhami, and M. Ghodsi. "Weighted two-valued digit-set encodings: unifying efficient hardware representation schemes for redundant number systems." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 52, no. 7 (July 2005): 1348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2005.851679.

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Rotshtein, Alexander, Denys Katielnikov, and Ludmila Pustylnik. "Reliability Modeling and Optimization Using Fuzzy Logic and Chaos Theory." International Journal of Quality, Statistics, and Reliability 2012 (October 23, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/847416.

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Fuzzy sets membership functions integrated with logistic map as the chaos generator were used to create reliability bifurcations diagrams of the system with redundancy of the components. This paper shows that increasing in the number of redundant components results in a postponement of the moment of the first bifurcation which is considered as most contributing to the loss of the reliability. The increasing of redundancy also provides the shrinkage of the oscillation orbit of the level of the system’s membership to reliable state. The paper includes the problem statement of redundancy optimization under conditions of chaotic behavior of influencing parameters and genetic algorithm of this problem solving. The paper shows the possibility of chaos-tolerant systems design with the required level of reliability.

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Bukov, V. N., V. A. Shurman, I. F. Gamayunov, and A. M. Ageev. "Redundant Computing Resources Management of Integrated Modular Avionics." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.376-384.

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In article the structure and the control algorithm are considered by diverse redundancy of the computing system of the perspective integrated modular avionics. Computing resources of the integrated modular avionics system are generally represented by heterogeneous computing systems used for information processing as part of the onboard integrated computing environment. The basis of heterogeneous computing systems are processor nodes, redundancy of computing systems is that the number of processor nodes is greater than one. The task is to synthesize such a computer system in which the automatic control of redundant computational resources would be carried out by using the own capabilities of the processor nodes and without the use of additional hardware resources. It is considered that the redundant computer system performs meaningful calculations of the problem solved by several processor nodes in parallel. All meaningful calculations for any signs initially divided into relatively short stages, providing an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the completion of each of them. The computational system redundancy management is based on the periodic calculation and comparison of the success indicators of the stage. Pairwise arbitration of processor nodes is carried out according to a hierarchical scheme by comparing the values of the success indicators of the stages of the same name. Subsequent reconfiguration of the computer system allocates passive and leading processor nodes in pairs at all levels of the hierarchical scheme. The failure of the passive processor node does not affect the execution of the main cycle. The failure of the host processor node does not cause interruptions in the output of the results of calculations, but destroys the structure of reserves, which is restored after arbitration in the next cycle. Failure of the lead CPU top node leads to the failure output in the current cycle, the computational process is restored along with the new hierarchy of the computing system in the next cycle. The proposed solution is aimed at parrying both hardware failures and software malfunction. The methodical example based on the computer system of the modern onboard equipment complex of the transports category aircraft is resulted.

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Młynarski, Stanisław, Robert Pilch, Maksymilian Smolnik, Jan Szybka, and Grzegorz Wiązania. "Formation of „koon” systems reliability estimated with analytical and simulation calculation methods." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0028.

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AbstractThe methods of reliability estimation applied in order to verify the reliability level of koon systems consisting of renewable objects are presented in the paper. Application of the selected methods allows one to quickly verify the reliability level and to set the number of redundant elements in the real technical systems.

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Li, Lei, and Jianhao Hu. "Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Redundant Residue Number Systems Based Radiation Hardening for Datapath." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 57, no. 4 (August 2010): 2332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2010.2049861.

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39

Reichenbach, Marc, Johannes Knodtel, Sebastian Rachuj, and Dietmar Fey. "RISC-V3: A RISC-V Compatible CPU With a Data Path Based on Redundant Number Systems." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 43684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063238.

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Gandino, Filippo, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, and Maurizio Rebaudengo. "Redundancy in Key Management for WSNs." Cryptography 2, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography2040040.

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Security in wireless sensor networks is commonly based on symmetric encryption and requires key-management systems to establish and exchange secret keys. A constraint that is common to many key-management approaches is an upper bound to the total number of nodes in the network. An example is represented by the schemes based on combinatorial design. These schemes use specific rules for the generation of sets of keys that are distributed to the nodes before deploying the network. The aim of these approaches is to improve the resilience of the network. However, the quantity of data that must be stored by each node is proportional to the number of nodes of the network, so the available memory affects the applicability of these schemes. This paper investigates the opportunity of reducing the storage overhead by distributing the same set of keys to more than one node. In addition, the presence of redundant sets of keys affects the resilience and the security of the network. A careful analysis is conducted to evaluate benefits and drawbacks of redundant key distribution approaches. The results show that the use of redundancy decreases the level of resilience, but it scales well on very large networks.

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Basile, Francesco, and Pasquale Chiacchio. "A contribution to minimum-time task-space path-following problem for redundant manipulators." Robotica 21, no. 2 (February 19, 2003): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004678.

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The minimum-time path-following problem for non-redundant manipulator has already been analyzed and a number of efficient solution algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms can be applied also to redundant manipulators if the path is assigned in the joint space. If the path is assigned in the task space instead, how to exploit kinematic redundancy to reduce the execution time is still an open problem. In this paper it is proposed to follow a heuristic approach to choose between different solutions to the inverse kinematics problem that underlies the minimum-time path-following control problem. The aim is to obtain a joint-space path which configures the manipulator so as to improve acceleration/deceleration capabilities of the end-effector. This is obtained by penalizing the motion of joints with higher inertia-to-torque ratios. Numerical results are presented for an “easy-to-understand” three degree-of-freedom planar manipulator involved in two-dimensional paths.

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Hashiguchi, Hiroe, Suguru Arimoto, and Ryuta Ozawa. "Control of a Handwriting Robot with DOF Redundancy Based on Feedback in Task Coordinates." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2004): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0381.

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To enhance robot hand dexterity, it is said that the robot should be designed to have a redundant number of degrees of freedom. In redundant robotic systems, inverse kinematics from task description space to joint space becomes ill-posed, making it difficult to determine joint motions. To avoid this ill-posedness, most proposed methods introduce an additional input term calculated from an intentionally introduced artificial index of performance. We propose a 4 DOF redundant handwriting robot using novel simple control to solve the problem of ill-posedness based on sensory feedback. We demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control in computer simulation of closed-loop dynamics with the constraint that the robot’s endpoint be always on a two-dimensional plane.

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Engelhardt, Max. "Determining the Optimum Cost for Systems with Component-Level Redundancy." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 04, no. 03 (September 1997): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539397000229.

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The problem of designing systems which are composed of several redundant subsystems in series is considered. A method for determining the number of components in each subsystem which will minimize the total cost of components while maintaining a prescribed level of system reliability is derived. One advantage of the approach used here is that it is not necessary to employ an elaborate search algorithm to obtain the optimum solution.

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Dai, Jian S., Zhen Huang, and Harvey Lipkin. "Mobility of Overconstrained Parallel Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 1 (October 14, 2004): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1901708.

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The Kutzbach–Grübler mobility criterion calculates the degrees of freedom of a general mechanism. However, the criterion can break down for mechanisms with special geometries, and in particular, the class of so-called overconstrained parallel mechanisms. The problem is that the criterion treats all constraints as active, even redundant constraints, which do not affect the mechanism degrees of freedom. In this paper we reveal a number of screw systems of a parallel mechanism, explore their inter-relationship and develop an original theoretical framework to relate these screw systems to motion and constraints of a parallel mechanism to identify the platform constraints, mechanism constraints and redundant constraints. The screw system characteristics and relationships are investigated for physical properties and a new approach to mobility analysis is proposed based on decompositions of motion and constraint screw systems. New versions of the mobility criterion are thus presented to eliminate the redundant constraints and accurately predict the platform degrees of freedom. Several examples of overconstrained mechanisms from the literature illustrate the results.

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Won, J. H., B. W. Choi, and M. J. Chung. "A unified approach to the inverse kinematic solution for a redundant manipulator." Robotica 11, no. 2 (March 1993): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700019263.

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SUMMARYFor a kinematically redundant manipulator, some performance indices can be optimized while carrying out a given task. So far, the redundancy resolution has been solved at the joint angle level, the joint velocity level, or joint acceleration level depending on the performance indices. According to the resolution level, the solution is represented by high-order differential equations or superfluous number of equations. We propose a unified approach to the inverse kinematic solution which optimizes it at the joint velocity level regardless of the types of the performance indices. A unified approach to obtain an optimal joint velocity is derived by using the necessary condition for optimality so that the proposed method provides an optimal solution for any performance indices and tasks. The optimal solution becomes a set of the minimum number of first-order differential equations which requires a minimum search dimension.To show the validity of the approach, it is applied to a three-link planar manipulator for various types of performance indices.

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Kaqahito, Shoui, Makoto Ishida, Tetsuro Nakamura, Kentaro Mizuno, Michitaka Kameyama, and Tatsuo Higuchi. "Multi-valued current-mode parallel multiplier based on redundant positive-digit number representations." Systems and Computers in Japan 24, no. 5 (1993): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690240504.

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Morales, Giorgio, John W. Sheppard, Riley D. Logan, and Joseph A. Shaw. "Hyperspectral Dimensionality Reduction Based on Inter-Band Redundancy Analysis and Greedy Spectral Selection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183649.

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Hyperspectral imaging systems are becoming widely used due to their increasing accessibility and their ability to provide detailed spectral responses based on hundreds of spectral bands. However, the resulting hyperspectral images (HSIs) come at the cost of increased storage requirements, increased computational time to process, and highly redundant data. Thus, dimensionality reduction techniques are necessary to decrease the number of spectral bands while retaining the most useful information. Our contribution is two-fold: First, we propose a filter-based method called interband redundancy analysis (IBRA) based on a collinearity analysis between a band and its neighbors. This analysis helps to remove redundant bands and dramatically reduces the search space. Second, we apply a wrapper-based approach called greedy spectral selection (GSS) to the results of IBRA to select bands based on their information entropy values and train a compact convolutional neural network to evaluate the performance of the current selection. We also propose a feature extraction framework that consists of two main steps: first, it reduces the total number of bands using IBRA; then, it can use any feature extraction method to obtain the desired number of feature channels. We present classification results obtained from our methods and compare them to other dimensionality reduction methods on three hyperspectral image datasets. Additionally, we used the original hyperspectral data cube to simulate the process of using actual filters in a multispectral imager.

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Dolgopolov, B. A., Yu G. Zayko, V. A. Mikhailov, and A. V. Trakhtomirov. "Calculation of an SPTA set using the Dialog computer simulation system (Part 1. General provisions for the calculation of an SPTA set)." Dependability 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2020-20-1-32-38.

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The paper describes the design concept of the DIALOG simulation software suite (SSS) intended for calculating the dependability indicators of electronic systems (ES) of random configuration, as well as solving problems associated with assuring the functional dependability of such systems. The DIALOG SSS employs a specially designed DIALOG-SINTEZ technology that enables automatic synthesis of event simulation models in the form of programs in the selected programming language. In DIALOG SSS, the input data include: system composition in the form of a combination of conventional blocks; criteria of failure event occurrence and repairs; random value parameters (failures of system components in various modes of operation, SPTA requests, etc.); stages of system operation and types of repairs; list of calculated indicators. For the purpose of ensuring the required indicators, the simulation models undergo statistical testing under modified indicators of random values in each new test. Based on the accumulated results of all the performed tests the required indicators are calculated. The DIALOG SSS consists of four components: DIALOG-NRS is intended for the calculation of dependability indicators of non-repairable redundant systems; DIALOG-RRS is intended for the calculation of dependability indicators of repairable redundant systems, as well as the number of and cost of warranty repairs; DIALOG-ZIP-NS is intended for SPTA sets calculation for simple non-redundant systems; DIALOG-ZIP-RS is intended for SPTA sets calculation for any redundant systems. SPTA set calculation is normally done using standard procedures described in regulatory documents. In solving the direct problem of optimal SPTA set calculation, the input data includes the required value of one of the two SPTA sufficiency indicators (SI) and type of costs that are to be optimized (minimized) in order to achieve the target values of SI. In solving the inverse problem of optimal SPTA set calculation, it is required to ensure the specified costs of the initial SPTA supply. As the SPTA supply SI, the mean spare parts (SP) supply delay time out of SPTA Δtd.SPTA and SPTA availability coefficient Ca.SPTA are used. SPTA optimization using the DIALOG-ZIP SSS allows improving user options through the following additional characteristics: SPTA SP failure logging; optimization of SP count and accounting for the their characteristic features for the purpose of SP emergency delivery (ED); capability to use products with any type of redundancy; when using SPTA-G group set, capability to include differently-structured products into ESs. The paper sets forth the structure diagram of the DIALOG SSS programs interaction, that implies three modes of operation of the simulation model: SI calculation for specific SPTA contents; calculation of preliminary SPTA supply before the beginning of optimization; calculation of optimal SPTA set. The authors examine the matters related to the selection of the required number and duration of simulation model testing.

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Arimoto, Suguru, Masahiro Sekimoto, and Kenji Tahara. "Iterative Learning without Reinforcement or Reward for Multijoint Movements: A Revisit of Bernstein's DOF Problem on Dexterity." Journal of Robotics 2010 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/217867.

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A robot designed to mimic a human becomes kinematically redundant and its total degrees of freedom becomes larger than the number of physical variables required for describing a given task. Kinematic redundancy may contribute to enhancement of dexterity and versatility but it incurs a problem of ill-posedness of inverse kinematics from the task space to the joint space. This ill-posedness was originally found by Bernstein, who tried to unveil the secret of the central nervous system and how nicely it coordinates a skeletomotor system with many DOFs interacting in complex ways. In the history of robotics research, such ill-posedness has not yet been resolved directly but circumvented by introducing an artificial performance index and determining uniquely an inverse kinematics solution by minimization. This paper tackles such Bernstein's problem and proposes a new method for resolving the ill-posedness in a natural way without invoking any artificial index. First, given a curve on a horizontal plane for a redundant robot arm whose endpoint is imposed to trace the curve, the existence of a unique ideal joint trajectory is proved. Second, such a uniquely determined motion can be acquired eventually as a joint control signal through iterative learning without reinforcement or reward.

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Ciallella, Alessandro, Emilio N. M. Cirillo, Petru L. Curşeu, and Adrian Muntean. "Free to move or trapped in your group: Mathematical modeling of information overload and coordination in crowded populations." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 28, no. 09 (August 2018): 1831–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202518400079.

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We present modeling strategies that describe the motion and interaction of groups of pedestrians in obscured spaces. We start off with an approach based on balance equations in terms of measures and then we exploit the descriptive power of a probabilistic cellular automaton model.Based on a variation of the simple symmetric random walk on the square lattice, we test the interplay between population size and an interpersonal attraction parameter for the evacuation of confined and darkened spaces. We argue that information overload and coordination costs associated with information processing in small groups are two key processes that influence the evacuation rate. Our results show that substantial computational resources are necessary to compensate for incomplete information — the more individuals in (information processing) groups the higher the exit rate for low population size. For simple social systems, it is likely that the individual representations are not redundant and large group sizes ensure that this non-redundant information is actually available to a substantial number of individuals. For complex social systems, information redundancy makes information evaluation and transfer inefficient and, as such, group size becomes a drawback rather than a benefit. The effect of group sizes on outgoing fluxes, evacuation times and wall effects is carefully studied with a Monte Carlo framework accounting also for the presence of an internal obstacle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Redundant number systems'

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