Academic literature on the topic 'Reduplication in morphology'

This journal entitled Types of IndonesianReduplication as the Translation Equivalence of English Lexiconsinvestigates the types of Indonesian reduplications and how the English lexicons are translated in Indonesian reduplications. The data of the research is drawn from an English narrative textbook “The Magic” (Byrne, 2012) and its translation version in Indonesian “The Magic” (Purwoko, 2012). 
 
 This study reveals three types of reduplications with their own distinctive forms and varieties on meaning implications, namely: full reduplication, partial reduplication, and imitative reduplication. Full reduplication consists of four sub-categories, namely: reduplication of simple words, reduplication of complex words, reduplication of bases within a complex word, and reduplication without corresponding single bases. 
 
 The results of the research show that meaning is structured and therefore, it can be analyzed and represented into another language. English inflectional and derivational morphology can correspond productively to Indonesian reduplications. A menu of affixes of both English and Indonesian are the corresponding features of the morphological processes and the meaning components involvedin the translation equivalence analysis. The translation equivalence is then established by textual equivalence and formal correspondence or by contextual relations of the contextual meaning and relatable situational features of grammatical functions of the English lexicons into Indonesian reduplications.

The article investigates a paradigm case of a borderline phenomenon in linguistic analysis: constructions in which linguistic material is meaningfully iterated (or repeated) and their relation to prototypical and marginal areas of morphology. The fuzzy state of affairs prevailing in this research area is described and a survey of relevant and irrelevant iteration phenomena is undertaken. The discussion finally narrowing in on morphological reduplication, the data dealt with (mostly) come from the typologically oriented Graz Database on Reduplication (gdr). In light of certain data encountered there (i.e. reduplicative imperatives and a pragmatically emphatic vowel copying construction), the morphological process of reduplication is further differentiated, the general term reduplicative construction (Moravcsik 1978) thereby being endowed with a special meaning subsuming both prototypical and marginal instances of the process under scrutiny, couching the investigation into a morphological framework along lines similar to those proposed by Zwicky/Pullum (1987) and Dressler (2000). The study concludes with a tentative general picture of repetition phenomena in language in which grammaticalization theory can comprehensively account for such constructions that linguistically range from discourse to morphology. Finally, the potential benefit of the present approach for any typological undertaking in the realm of the reduplication process is highlighted.

The theory of reduplication developed in this book distinguishes itself from most recent work in reduplication in important ways. First of all, it adopts the Distributed Morphology framework (Halle & Marantz 1993, 1994, Noyer 1997) and a derivational, rule-based approach to reduplication (and to phonology in general). It explicitly argues against parallel, surface-based models of prosodic morphology, like Optimality Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Prince & Smolensky 1993, etc.). Further, the analyses proposed in the book reject the proposal, current since McCarthy & Prince (1986), that the shape of reduplicative morphemes (like other fixed-shape morphemes) is constrained to be (roughly) equivalent to a prosodic constituent, syllable or foot. The book is organised as follows. After a brief introduction in Chapter 1 outlining the goals of the book, Chapter 2 introduces enough of the theory to show how backcopying in reduplication, argued since Wilbur (1973) to be impossible to account for without reference to reduplicative surface-identity effects, can be handled in a derivational framework. Chapter 3, the longest chapter, discusses the technical details of the theory in more detail and goes on to show how the fixed shape and unmarked featural and prosodic structure typical of reduplicative morphemes can be accounted for without reference to either prosodic structure or general markedness. The fourth and final chapter discusses in more detail theoretical issues raised in earlier chapters, like how this approach defines markedness of reduplication patterns and avoids reduplication-specific mechanisms. The review discusses each of these points in turn.

<p><em>This research is meant to describe reduplication of word classes in prosedic morphology in the perspective of semantico-pragmatics. This research data is in the form of reduolication of closed class words in the use of language in the mass media. The substantive data source of this research is in the form of text in which there are data in the form of reduplicative forms. The locational data source is the national mass media, i.e. Net TV both print and electronic, which can be reached by the research team around the time of research. After the data is classified and properly verified, the next step is the analysis and interpretation of the data. The analytical method applied is a distributional method with techniques for direct elements. Finally, the results of the analysis and interpretation of the data are presented in an informal method. The results showed that the most dominant reduplication occurred in closed word classes in Indonesian in the mass media was adverb reduplication. In this study, adjective reduplication was also quite significant, even though it was not the case with adverb reduplication and verb reduplication. Reduplication of nouns occupies the least significant portion.</em> <em>In terms of meanings, research in a semantico-pragmatic perspective rather than semantic linguistics is purely necessary to continue to be pursued so that new perspectives can be born in researching language.</em></p>

Within the expanding framework of non-linear morphology, no wordformation process has sparked more interest than reduplication. Once relegated to a secondary status with a few examples, reduplication has now arrived centre stage as a testing ground for alternative theories of multitiered morphology and phonology. The innovative work of McCarthy (1981) and Marantz (1982) on this subject has laid the groundwork for subsequent formal treatments of reduplication, including Levin (1983), Broselow & McCarthy (1984), Clements (1985), Odden & Odden (1985), Schlindwein (1986, 1988), McCarthy & Prince (forthcoming), Kiparsky (1986), Mester (1986) and Steriade (1988), among others. These varying accounts of reduplication have been tested against a large and growing body of data from most parts of the world. Surprising to us, however, since every Bantu language we are familiar with has one or more reduplicative processes, relatively little attention has been focused on this rather large linguistic group of several hundred languages coverin a major part of the African continent.

Morphology is part of linguistic study about morpheme and analysing structure and classification of words.There are two kinds of morphemes. They are free morpheme and bound morpheme. Free morpheme is amorpheme that can stand alone as a word. While bound morpheme is a morpheme that cannot stand alone as aword or needs other morphemes. The process discussing about words in morphology is called morphemicprocess or morphology process. Reduplication is a kind of morphemic process. There are one reduplications(reduplication of verb) discussed in this research. The purpose of this research is to describe patterns ofmorphemic reduplication in Mandarin sentences. The theory used in this research is structural morphologytheory from Ramlan an instrument to analyze the data. Structural morphology is a kind of linguistics discussabout the structure and the process of word formation. The method used in this research is qualitative researchmethod which describes about structures and patterns of morphemic reduplication in Mandarin. Based on theresults of the analysis can be seen that the reduplication of verbs there is repetition of the whole and there is alsoa repetition in combination with affix. The pattern of verb reduplication is the repetition of the monosilabelverb has AA pattern, the repetition of infected verbs has A N A pattern and the repetition of the verbs dislabikhas an ABAB pattern AbstrakMorfologi adalah bagian linguistik yang mempelajari morfem serta menganalisis struktur, bentuk,dan klasifikasi kata-kata. Ada dua jenis morfem, yaitu morfem bebas dan morfem terikat. Morfembebas secara morfemis adalah morfem yang dapat berdiri sendiri, sedangkan morfem terikat adalahmorfem yang tidak bisa berdiri sendiri dan membutuhkan morfem lainnya. Proses morfemis salahsatu di antaranya adalah proses reduplikasi. Reduplikasi yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalahreduplikasi kata kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis danpola-pola reduplikasi morfemis dalam kalimat bahasa Mandarin. Teori yang digunakan dalampenelitian adalah teori morfologi struktural oleh Ramlan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis datayang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yangbersifat deskriptif dengan memaparkan jenis-jenis dan pola-pola reduplikasi morfemis bahasaMandarin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa pada reduplikasi kata kerja terdapatpengulangan seluruh dan ada juga yang mengalami pengulangan yang berkombinasi denganafiks. Pola reduplikasi kata kerja yaitu pengulangan kata kerja monosilabel memiliki pola AA,pengulangan kata kerja berinfiks memiliki pola ANA dan pengulangan kata kerja dislabik memilikipola ABABKata kunci : morfologi, morfem, reduplikasi kata kerja

This paper examined the reduplication of Pak–Pak Boang language which consists of many reduplication, the speakers of the language are situated in the Rundeng, Subulussalam, Aceh Province. The research aspects to explore are types of reduplication and the forms produced through the reduplication of the language. The purpose of this paper is to describe the types and forms of Pak-Pak Boang language. The method applied in this research was qualitative descriptive, where the data gained through recording, documentary study, and introspection. The result of the findings showed that Pak-Pak Boang language reduplication consisted of four types: Phonology, syntaxes, semantics, and morphology reduplication. The second finding revealed that the reduplication forms were Dwilingga, Dwipurwa, Dwiwasana, and trilingga reduplication, while the process to form reduplication consisted of seven ways: Adjective, Verb, noun, Pronoun, Adverb, Interrogative, and Number reduplication.

Although many aspects of Creole languages remain relatively unexplored, the morphology of Creole languages has been especially neglected. This is largely because it is still widely believed that Creoles have very little in the way of morphology, even compared to an inflection-poor language such as English. Moreover, the morphology that Creoles do have is often assumed to be quite similar from one Creole language to another and is further thought to be predictable and transparent. However, there is an emerging body of research on Pidgin and Creole morphology showing that the hypothesis of semantic transparency and regularity in Creole morphology does not stand up to scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to explore the typological characteristics of morphological reduplication in Caribbean Creole (CC) languages, and to assess these characteristics against this background. To this purpose, we will examine reduplication in a sample of CC languages of different lexifiers (Dutch, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish), with respect to their form, semantics and distribution. Our research confirms that morphological reduplication is not uniform across these languages. Moreover, it shows that reduplication is surprisingly complex within a single language.