Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reef response

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reef response'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Reef response"

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Dechnik, Belinda, Jody M. Webster, Luke Nothdurft, Gregory E. Webb, Jian-xin Zhao, Stephanie Duce, Juan C. Braga, Daniel L. Harris, Ana Vila-Concejo, and Marji Puotinen. "Influence of hydrodynamic energy on Holocene reef flat accretion, Great Barrier Reef." Quaternary Research 85, no. 1 (January 2016): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.11.002.

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AbstractThe response of platform reefs to sea-level stabilization over the past 6 ka is well established for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), with reefs typically accreting laterally from windward to leeward. However, these observations are based on few cores spread across reef zones and may not accurately reflect a reef's true accretional response to the Holocene stillstand. We present a new record of reef accretion based on 49 U/Th ages from Heron and One Tree reefs in conjunction with re-analyzed data from 14 reefs across the GBR. We demonstrate that hydrodynamic energy is the main driver of accretional direction; exposed reefs accreted primarily lagoon-ward while protected reefs accreted seawards, contrary to the traditional growth model in the GBR. Lateral accretion rates varied from 86.3 m/ka–42.4 m/ka on the exposed One Tree windward reef and 68.35 m/ka–15.7 m/ka on the protected leeward Heron reef, suggesting that wind/wave energy is not a dominant control on lateral accretion rates. This represents the most comprehensive statement of lateral accretion direction and rates from the mid-outer platform reefs of the GBR, confirming great variability in reef flat growth both within and between reef margins over the last 6 ka, and highlighting the need for closely-spaced transects.
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Becker, Alistair, Matthew D. Taylor, and Michael B. Lowry. "Monitoring of reef associated and pelagic fish communities on Australia’s first purpose built offshore artificial reef." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw133.

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Artificial reefs now form part of an integrated approach to enhance fisheries around the world. A responsible approach to artificial reef deployment calls for clear, well defined goals prior to any reef being placed in the field, followed by subsequent monitoring to assess whether these goals are being achieved. In this study, to evaluate if an artificial reef off Sydney was meeting its goal of providing quality fishing opportunities through the establishment of a complex fish assemblage, a 4-year monitoring program was designed. This program examined the response of reef-associated and pelagic fishes to the deployment of a purpose built offshore reef, relative to control reefs. Fish were observed immediately following deployment, but the artificial reef fish assemblage remained distinct from the three natural control reefs throughout the monitoring period. Also, the artificial reef displayed inter-annual variability associated with successional processes, which was not evident on the natural reefs. Fish length data indicated that the artificial reef was providing resources for both juvenile and adults of a number of species. This study demonstrates artificial reefs can provide habitats for a diverse group of fish, but the assemblages are unlikely to mimic those on natural reefs. We have also shown that longer term monitoring periods, covering multiple years are required to gain a robust understanding of the response of fish to reef deployment. This information can be used to understand the benefits and limitations of future artificial reef deployments.
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Baldock, Tom, and William Ginzo. "MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF A REEF-FRONTED BEACH TO SEA LEVEL RISE AND REEF DEGRADATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.sediment.1.

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The morphological response of reef-fronted beaches to sea level rise and reef degradation is investigated by physical modelling. Coral barrier and fringing reefs limit the wave energy reaching sandy beaches, providing protection to many communities worldwide (Ferrario et al., 2014). Sea level rise and loss of reef flat elevation through coral mortality are expected to alter water levels over such reefs in the future. Assessing the morphological response to these processes in the field is very difficult due to the timescale involved, and lack of data for current conditions. Numerical modelling of beach profile response is also poor, even for open coast sandy beaches, and there is limited work modelling of reef fronted beaches, although hydrodynamics can be modelled reasonably well (Buckley et al., 2014). Here, new experiments on beach response to rising water levels and reducing reef flat elevation without tides are presented and compared to a conceptual model that links total sediment transport to the wave height landward of the reef (Baldock et al., 2015). A summary of recent numerical modelling of 2D planform changes for the same scenario will also be presented.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/0ya0UH1Vpsk
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Lewis, Dakota M., Katie E. Durham, Linda J. Walters, and Geoffrey S. Cook. "A Resident Fish Guild as a Higher Trophic Level Indicator of Oyster Reef Restoration Success." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313004.

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Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are critical foundation species in estuarine waters, but due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic pressures, oyster abundance has declined. Restoring oyster reefs and monitoring restoration success often focuses on oyster metrics, but relatively infrequently, responses of higher trophic level species and the production of related ecosystem services are accounted for. To address this, we compare the response of a resident reef fish guild (gobies, blennies, toadfish) to standard metrics of oyster restoration success. Using lift nets and seines, natural and restored reefs were monitored over a two-year period within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, USA. Standard metrics are indicative of restoration success; live oyster density and reef thickness increased in restored reefs after 12 and 24 months. Combined, live oyster density and reef thickness were the best predictors of annual resident reef fish abundance compared to water quality metrics. These results suggest that the benefits of restoring oyster reef habitat are conferred to broader components of the food web, with benefits accruing to reef resident fishes that are a key trophic linkage between lower trophic level foundation species and higher trophic level predators inhabiting coastal ecosystems.
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Bannister, R. J., C. N. Battershill, and R. de Nys. "Demographic variability and long-term change in a coral reef sponge along a cross-shelf gradient of the Great Barrier Reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 4 (2010): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09067.

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Effects of anthropogenic inputs on corals are well documented in regard to the ecology of coral reefs. However, responses to anthropogenic changes by sponge assemblages, also a key component of coral reefs, have received less attention. This paper quantifies differences in abundance, size and distribution of the sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile across a cross-shelf reef system on the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) from neritic to outer reef oligotrophic waters. Benthic surveys were conducted in reef habitats spatially separated across the continental shelf. The mean abundance of R. odorabile increased significantly with increasing distance from coastal habitats, with 3.5 times more individuals offshore than inshore. In contrast, the mean size (volume) of R. odorabile individuals did not differ significantly across the cross-shelf reef system. On inshore reefs, R. odorabile was restricted to depths <10 m, with a preference for shallower depths (5–6 m). On offshore reefs, R. odorabile was found as deep as 15 m and predominantly between 9 and 10 m. These demographic changes in R. odorabile populations, together with a general population size reduction from surveys made decades prior, suggest a response to anthropogenic impacts across the continental shelf of the central GBR.
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Vicente, P., S. Martins-Cardoso, F. Almada, EJ Gonçalves, and AM Faria. "Chemical cues from habitats and conspecifics guide sand-smelt Atherina presbyter larvae to reefs." Marine Ecology Progress Series 650 (September 17, 2020): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13311.

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Chemical cues have been widely addressed as potential cues for fish larvae to orient, detect or remain close to suitable habitat. However, most studies to date have been on tropical reef species and have suggested a chemosensory-driven homing behaviour, with only few studies on temperate fish indicating a less conclusive response to chemical cues. We hypothesized that detection and response to chemical cues might provide an important mechanism maintaining the larvae of a temperate reef fish species (sand-smelt Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829), close to their natal reef. The ability to discriminate chemical cues from different rocky reefs, and natal and non-natal conspecifics was tested. Water and shoals of sand-smelt larvae were collected from 3 reefs, and larval preference was tested in a 2-choice flume chamber. Larvae preferred nearby reefs over natal reefs and discriminated and preferred conspecifics from their natal reef. Moreover, our results suggested that both cues are equally relevant, as the combination of reef cues with conspecifics was more attractive to sand-smelt than either cue in isolation. When conspecific and reef preferences were tested against each other, there was no longer a clear preference for either cue. Additional tests suggested that preference for conspecifics could be driven by either diet or habitat-related chemical cues. Chemical cues and the corresponding detection mechanisms likely play an important role in finding suitable habitat and increasing the fitness of temperate reef fish.
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Suca, JJ, A. Lillis, IT Jones, MB Kaplan, AR Solow, AD Earl, S. Habtes, A. Apprill, JK Llopiz, and TA Mooney. "Variable and spatially explicit response of fish larvae to the playback of local, continuous reef soundscapes." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13480.

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Understanding the cues that drive larval fish settlement is critical for managing reef systems under stress. Reef sound is increasingly reported to influence fish recruitment, yet the physical and acoustic environment in which larval fish settle varies in space and time. Accordingly, testing potential settlement cues under different conditions is vital for understanding their ecological importance. We conducted 2 sets of field playback experiments in St. John, US Virgin Islands, one nearshore (10 m depth) and the second ‘offshore’ (25 m depth), to assess the effects of reef soundscape playback on settlement rates of multiple reef fish families. In each experiment, nightly currents were quantified and we replicated the diel soundscape cycle using high, low, and control (silent) amplitude recordings from nearby reefs. The first experiment revealed significant current-based, down-stream reduction in larval fish catches in subsurface light traps and a significant effect of increasing amplitude of reef playbacks on larval lizardfish (Synodontidae) catches. In the second, offshore experiment which had no current effect, increasing reef playback amplitude led to a significantly greater catch of parrotfish (Scaridae) larvae and decreased larval pelagic fish catch. Total reef fish larvae only showed attraction to reef playbacks at the most nearshore site. This work demonstrates that while sound can play a role in the settlement of certain reef fishes, responses are influenced by multiple factors, including larger-scale physical processes, underscoring the need to consider the scale of soundscape cues for reef fish settlement within an oceanographic context.
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MacKellar, Mellissa C., Hamish A. McGowan, and Stuart R. Phinn. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Air–Sea Energy Fluxes over a Coral Reef—Heron Reef, Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 7 (July 2012): 1353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0120.1.

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AbstractThe thermal environment of a coral reef is moderated by complex interactions of air–sea heat and moisture fluxes, local to synoptic-scale weather and reef hydrodynamics. Measurements of air–sea energy fluxes over coral reefs are essential to understanding the reef–atmosphere processes that underpin coral reef environmental conditions such as water temperature, cloud, precipitation, and local winds (such as during coral bleaching events). Such measurements over coral reefs have been rare, however, and the spatial heterogeneity of surface–atmosphere energy exchanges due to the different geomorphic and biological zones on coral reefs has not been captured. Accordingly, the heterogeneity of coral reefs with regard to substrate, benthic communities, and hydrodynamic processes has not been considered in the characterization of the surface radiation budget and energy balance of coral reefs. Here, the first concurrent in situ eddy covariance measurements of the surface energy balance and radiation transfers over different geomorphic zones of a coral reef are presented. Results showed differences in radiation transfers and sensible and latent heat fluxes over the reef, with higher Bowen ratios over the shallow reef flat zone. The energy flux divergence between sites increased with wind speed and during unstable, southeasterly trade winds with the net flux of heat being positive and negative over different geomorphic zones. The surface drag coefficient at measurement height ranged from 1 × 10−3 to 2.5 × 10−3, with no significant difference between sites. Results confirm that spatial variation in radiation and air–reef–water surface heat and moisture fluxes occurs across a lagoonal platform reef in response to local meteorological conditions, hydrodynamics, and benthic–substrate cover.
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Clark, Vanessa, Matheus A. Mello-Athayde, and Sophie Dove. "Colonies of Acropora formosa with greater survival potential have reduced calcification rates." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): e0269526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269526.

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Coral reefs are facing increasingly devasting impacts from ocean warming and acidification due to anthropogenic climate change. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, potential solutions have focused either on reducing light stress during heating, or on the potential for identifying or engineering “super corals”. A large subset of these studies, however, have tended to focus primarily on the bleaching response of corals, and assume erroneously that corals that bleach earlier in a thermal event die first. Here, we explore how survival, observable bleaching, coral skeletal growth (as branch extension and densification), and coral tissue growth (protein and lipid concentrations) varies for conspecifics collected from distinctive reef zones at Heron Island on the Southern Great Barrier Reef. A reciprocal transplantation experiment was undertaken using the dominant reef building coral (Acropora formosa) between the highly variable reef flat and the less variable reef slope environments. Coral colonies originating from the reef flat had higher rates of survival and amassed greater protein densities but calcified at reduced rates compared to conspecifics originating from the reef slope. The energetics of both populations however potentially benefited from greater light intensity present in the shallows. Reef flat origin corals moved to the lower light intensity of the reef slope reduced protein density and calcification rates. For A. formosa, genetic differences, or long-term entrainment to a highly variable environment, appeared to promote coral survival at the expense of calcification. The response decouples coral survival from carbonate coral reef resilience, a response that was further exacerbated by reductions in irradiance. As we begin to discuss interventions necessitated by the CO2 that has already been released into the atmosphere, we need to prioritise our focus on the properties that maintain valuable carbonate ecosystems. Rapid and dense calcification by corals such as branching Acropora is essential to the ability of carbonate coral reefs to rebound following disturbance events and maintain 3D structure but may be the first property that is sacrificed to enable coral genet survival under stress.
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Cardenas-Rojas, Dea, Edgar Mendoza, Mireille Escudero, and Manuel Verduzco-Zapata. "Assessment of the Performance of an Artificial Reef Made of Modular Elements through Small Scale Experiments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020130.

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Artificial reefs have proven to be an optimal and effective solution in stabilizing coastlines around the world. They are submerged structures that imitate the protection service provided by natural reefs accomplishing the functions of dissipating wave energy and protecting beach morphology, but also being an ecological solution. In this paper, 2D small-scale experiments were performed to analyze the hydrodynamic, morphological, and ecological behavior of an artificial reef constructed of modular elements. Two typical beach-dune profiles were constructed in a wave flume over which two locations of an artificial reef were tested. From these tests, transmission coefficients were obtained as well as the beach profile response to the presence of the artificial reef. These results are used to discuss about the hydrodynamic, morphological, and ecological performance of the artificial reef. The proposed artificial reef showed good morphological performance while its hydrodynamic function had limited success. In turn, the ecologic performance was theoretically addressed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reef response"

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Lewis, Bonnie Emma. "Growth and Calcification of Reef-Building Coralline Algae and Their Response to Ocean Acidification." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366854.

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Coralline algae play a central role in tropical reef ecology helping to build and stabilise the reef framework. Due to their high Mg-calcite skeleton, coralline algae are also one of the most sensitive marine calcifying organisms to ocean acidification, and potential indicators for assessing the impacts of climate change. However, despite their importance in reef ecology, basic information on coralline algae, such as their growth and calcification rates, are relatively unknown. The reason for this scarcity of information is, in part, due to the lack of effective and efficient methods for obtaining these rates in the field, and the slow growth of coralline algae necessitating lengthy studies. Therefore, the aims of this study were to establish more effective methods to determine in situ growth and calcification rates of coralline algae, to determine baseline growth and calcification rates of a key reef-building coralline algae species on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), and to investigate the effects future climate change scenarios may have on these growth rates.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Webster, Jody Michael. "The response of coral reefs to sea level change: evidence from the Ryukyu Islands and the Great Barrier Reef." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28076.

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This thesis defines the response in two time frames, of individual reefs and coral reef ecosystems to sea-level change, through the bio-geological analysis of such reefs, on both active and passive margins. The raised Holocene reefs at Kikai-jima, Japan (Central Ryukyu Islands, ie. active margin) were examined for horizontal and vertical variation in exposed sections, and in drill core to determine the biological response of reefs to sea level fall. Holocene palaeoclimatic signals from a massive fossil coral at Kikai-jima were also investigated and their implications for reef growth and palaeoceanography discussed. Finally, two high-resolution cores from the Northern Great Barrier Reef (ie. passive margin) were examined to determine the biological response of reefs to repeated sea-level rise and fall over the last ~3 50 ky.
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Solihuddin, Tubagus. "Holocene reef accretion of the inshore Kimberley Bioregion and response to sea-level changes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2433.

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The Kimberley Bioregion of Northwest Australia is one of the world’s last great pristine marine environments and is broadly recognised as a “biodiversity hostspot” but is poorly known and studied. This project completed a comprehensive description of reef geomorphology and associated habitats, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, geochronology, accretion history along with shallow seismic profile. A combination of the data collected and interpreted provides the foundation for a scientifically based management plan of the Bioregion.
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Pitts, Kelly A. "Early Life History Response of Reef Building Coral, Orbicella faveolata, to Ocean Acidification and Warming." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/490.

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Ocean warming and acidification pose major threats to coral reef organisms. It is unknown how the early life history stages of Atlantic corals cope with the combined effects of these two global environmental stressors. Here, I investigate how these stressors influence the fertilization success, larval survivorship, and settlement of the threatened Atlantic coral, Orbicella faveolata. Gametes from O. faveolata were subjected to a factorial combination of present and future scenarios of oceanic temperatures (28.5° C and 30° C) and pH (8.2 and 8.0) predicted to occur by 2050. Results indicate that treatment type did not significantly affect fertilization success. Elevated temperature caused complete larval mortality and inhibited the settlement of O. faveolata. Interestingly, these negative effects of high temperature were partially mitigated when combined with ocean acidification. Overall, both the larval survivorship and settlement in the combined treatment was reduced to approximately half when compared to ambient treatment. Although ocean acidification may partially mitigate the negative effects of ocean warming during the larval stage, the overall reduced survival and settlement of larvae under future oceanic conditions, coupled to reduced calcification in adults, portends devastating effects on the health of this threatened species.
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Wei, Jingxian. "Reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental changes and the response of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) ecosystem since 30,000 BP: implications from REY (rare earth elements and yttrium) and element ratios of reef-building carbonates." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25980.

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Our understanding of the development of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in response to sediment inputs over the past 30 ka is limited. Geochemical proxies including rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) along with element ratios (Pr/Yb, Y/Ho, Mn/Ca, Nd/Yb and Ce anomalies) are known to be closely related to sediment and nutrient input. This research conducts novel geochemical analysis on almost 200 fossil reef building samples that formed since the Late Pleistocene, the last 30 ka. The first part of this research focuses on improving the methodology for ICP-MS analysis. Then a series of experiments are conducted to evaluate factors that may bias REY results, including the inter-taxa differences of genera within a specific family, sampling position and potential influence meteoric diagenesis effects. The results indicate the REY are not affected by these factors, which greatly expands the range of samples available for the reconstruction of palaeo-water quality. Both coral and microbialite samples from the GBR since 30 ka show typical geochemical features of well-oxygenated, shallow ambient seawater. However, both spatial and temporal differences exist in these geochemical signals. The northern-central GBR samples record higher values for ΣREY and other geochemical proxies than southern-central GBR samples. The reasons include differences in shelf geomorphology, timing and rates of shelf flooding, and palaeo-mangrove development near the northern-central GBR as an additional source for the sediments. Temporally, five distinct geochemical peaks in ΣREY and other geochemical proxies are observed, at 22-20 ka, 18-17 ka, 16-15 ka, 12-10 ka and 8-6 ka. These peaks are associated with a degradation in reef development, characterised by major changes in coral-algal assemblages, decreases in accretion rates and even death events, that are consistent with previous studies, including those on downhole gamma ray and palaeoecology work.
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Boonstra, Roxane K. "Latitudinal Patterns in the Distribution of Algal Symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) in Reef Corals of Madagascar, and their Response to Thermal Disturbance." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/269.

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The island continent of Madagascar spans nearly 13.5o of latitude in the SW Indian Ocean. Its coastline includes a number of well developed coral reefs, ranging from tropical Nosy Bé (NW Madagascar, 12oS) and Vohemar (Volhmarina, NE Madagascar, 13oS) to subtropical Tuléar (Toliara , SW Madagascar, 23.5oS), as well as temperate coral communities at Fort Dauphin (Tolagnaro, SE Madagascar, 25oS). Given the range of environmental conditions experienced by reef corals at these different sites, Madagascar represents an ideal location to study the distribution of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) in these coral hosts. To investigate the effect of latitudinal gradients in temperature on Symbiodinium distributions, 220 samples from 27 coral genera in 12 families were collected from these 4 sites in September 2001. To test the stability of these distributions over time, a further 337 samples were collected from the Nosy Bé and Tuléar regions in March 2007 and November 2009. Symbiodinium communities were screened using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to analyze the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region of Symbiodinium ribosomal DNA, with individual symbiont taxa identified by sequencing individual DGGE bands. Significant differences were found in the Symbiodinium cladal composition of reef corals at different sites, with corals at northern sites containing a higher relative frequency of Symbiodinium in clade D (occurring as mixed clade C+D communities) than southern sampling sites. Nominal logistic analysis of the distribution of symbionts found a significant effect of coral taxa and site, but not of sea surface temperature metrics (environmental data obtained from NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch satellite-derived data) in determining the distribution of different symbionts. Rarefaction analysis indicated there were no differences in Symbiodinium richness (at either the clade or the subtype level) between different sites, or between different sampling intervals. Differences existed in the subcladal composition of dominant ITS-2 types found in congeners at different latitudes, with corals in the genus Acropora being dominated by Symbiodinium C3 (specifically subtype C3z) in northern sites, and C1 in southern sites. Symbiont communities changed between 2001 and 2007/2009, with increases in mixed Symbiodinium C+D assemblages occurring at southern sites that had experienced temperature stress during the intervening period. Decreases in mixed Symbiodinium communities occurred at northern sites, which were not as severely affected by thermal stress. It is suggested that the latitudinal gradients in Symbiodinium found in Madagascar, and the environmental controls on community structure described here, provide important insight into how coral species in this understudied area can adapt or acclimatize to changing environmental conditions through shifts in the composition of their symbiont communities. This will help improve our understanding of how projected climate change in the SW Indian Ocean will affect survival trajectories for coral reefs in the region.
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Cardenas, Anny [Verfasser], Astrid [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Gärdes, and Christian [Gutachter] Voolstra. "Bacterial Response to Elevated Dissolved Organic Carbon in Coral Reef Ecosystems / Anny Cardenas ; Gutachter: Astrid Gärdes, Christian Voolstra ; Betreuer: Astrid Gärdes." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124131418/34.

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Eddleman, James L. "Elevation, Longitudinal Profile, And Schmidt Hammer Analysis Of Strath Terraces Through Capitol Reef National Park, Utah: Bedrock Channel Response To Climate Forcing?" Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd936.pdf.

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Egner, Sarah A. "Auditory Sensitivity of Sergeant Majors (Abudefduf saxatilis) from Post-settlement Juvenile to Adult." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1023.

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There is much evidence supporting the idea that pelagic larvae of coral reef fishes are active participants in their dispersal and return to a reef, however, the mechanisms used to navigate are still uncertain. It has been proposed that sensory cues, such as hearing, play a role. Sound is a potentially important cue for organisms in marine environments, especially in noisy environments like coral reefs. Sensory organs, including otolithic organs, of most coral reef fish form within the first few days of life. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) technique was used to measure hearing on a wide size range of sergeant majors (Abudefduf saxatilis). Complete audiograms were measured for 32 fish ranging in size from 11-121 mm. Significant effects of standard length on hearing thresholds at 100 and 200 Hz were detected. At these lower frequencies, thresholds increased with an increase in size. All fish were most sensitive to the lower frequencies (100-400 Hz). The frequency range that fish could detect sounds was dependent upon the size of the fish; the larger fish (>50mm) were more likely to respond to higher frequencies (1000-1600 Hz). A. saxatilis have poor hearing sensitivity in comparison to audiograms of other hearing generalists including other species of Pomacentrids. Due to the high hearing thresholds found in this study in comparison to recorded ambient reef noise, it is unlikely that sound plays a significant role in the navigation of the pelagic larvae of sergeant majors to the return of the reef from large distances.
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Lewis, Brett Maxwell. "Clast assimilation and substrate attachment in Acropora millipora." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127345/2/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupH%24_halla_Desktop_Brett_Lewis_Thesis.pdf.

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Tropical storms cause large sediments to settle on top of and between the branches of coral colonies where they cannot be removed, leading to disease and higher rates of mortality. It is imperative that we understand how corals respond to fragmentation and large clast sedimentation as tropical storms are projected to intensify as earth's climate changes. This study identifies the complex physiological and immune response leading to the assimilation of the sediment into the coral colony and how coral fragments attach to a substrate in the reef-building coral Acropora millipora. Thereby providing a baseline for coral transplantation restoration practices.
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Books on the topic "Reef response"

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Schmidt, Carl. Changes in optical reflectance and pigmentation of the coral Montastraea faveolata in response to elevated temperature and ultraviolet radiation. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1999.

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Steely, Teresa. Changes in optical reflectance and pigmentation of the coral Montastraea faveolata in response to elevated temperature and UV-B radiation. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1999.

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Rogers, Caroline S. Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation. Amelinghausen: Inter-Research, 1990.

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1953-, Dick Bruce, and Zemliansky Pavel, eds. The critical response to Ishmael Reed. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1999.

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Ateweberhan, Mebrahtu, Baker Andrew, and Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, eds. Preparing for climate change in the western Indian Ocean: Identifying climate refugia, biodiversity responses, and preferred management. Zanzibar: Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, 2011.

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Z, Hoff Rebecca, Shigenaka Gary, and United States. National Ocean Service. Office of Response and Restoration, eds. Oil spills in coral reefs: Planning & response considerations. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, 2001.

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Oil spills in coral reefs: Planning & response considerations. [Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, 2001.

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Mankiw, N. Gregory. Bundle: Brief Principles of Macroeconomics, Loose-Leaf Version, 8th + JoinIn Student Response System, IClicker/iClicker2/REEF 6-month Free Access Rebate Coupon $10 Fall. Cengage Learning, 2017.

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Starr, Cecie, Lisa Starr, and Christine Evers. Bundle : Biology: Concepts and Applications, Loose-Leaf Version, 10th + MindTap Biology, 2 Terms Printed Access Card + JoinIn Student Response System, IClicker/iClicker2/REEF 6-Month Free Access Rebate Coupon $10 Fall. Brooks/Cole, 2017.

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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Special adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0013.

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Within the considerable diversity of fish there are less-usual attributes of some species which facilitate survival in particular habitats or in response to selective pressures. The intense competition in warm, shallow water results in polymorphism in colour and size and complex social structure in some reef-fish and in different dentitions in cichlids with trophic specializations. Fish in the light-less deep sea are typically dark with large eyes and mouth; often they possess light-emitting photophores. In contrast, dark-dwelling cavefish lack melanin pigmentation, are usually pink, lack photophores and generally have poor eyesight. Adaptations to other limited habitats such as desert springs or temporary pools and water margins favour small fast-growing fish and air-breathing fish adapted to terrestrial habitats. The range of special adaptations is considerable, including burrowing fish, sound-producing fish, electric fish and even ‘flying’ fish. While parasitic fish are rare, special symbiotic relationships occur, as does hermaphroditism.
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Book chapters on the topic "Reef response"

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Macintyre, Ian G., and A. Conrad Neumann. "Reef Classification, Response To Sea Level Rise." In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 855–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_90.

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Bowen, James. "A Changing Global Environment: International Response." In The Coral Reef Era: From Discovery to Decline, 119–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07479-5_11.

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Watwood, Stephanie L., Joseph D. Iafrate, Eric A. Reyier, and William E. Redfoot. "Behavioral Response of Reef Fish and Green Sea Turtles to Midfrequency Sonar." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, 1213–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_152.

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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 166–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0014.

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Abstract This chapter deals with analysis of covariance or ANCOVA, a combination of ANOVA and regression. It tests the effects of a mix of continuous and categorical variables on a continuous response variable. Two examples are presented. Example 1 is based on a study investigating the effects of two types of tagging (acrylic paint and subcutaneous microtags) on the growth of the coral reef goby, Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, in the British Virgin Islands and included initial size as a continuous explanatory variable. Example 2 analyses data from a study on the number of pollinaria removed by pollinators from inflorescences of two Sirindhornia orchid species (S. monophylla and S. mirabillis) in relation to the number of flowers in the inflorescence (also count data) and the orchid species (categorical).
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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 166–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0166.

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Abstract This chapter deals with analysis of covariance or ANCOVA, a combination of ANOVA and regression. It tests the effects of a mix of continuous and categorical variables on a continuous response variable. Two examples are presented. Example 1 is based on a study investigating the effects of two types of tagging (acrylic paint and subcutaneous microtags) on the growth of the coral reef goby, Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, in the British Virgin Islands and included initial size as a continuous explanatory variable. Example 2 analyses data from a study on the number of pollinaria removed by pollinators from inflorescences of two Sirindhornia orchid species (S. monophylla and S. mirabillis) in relation to the number of flowers in the inflorescence (also count data) and the orchid species (categorical).
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Higuchi, Tomihiko. "Studies on Stress Responses of Corals in Japan." In Coral Reef Studies of Japan, 29–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6473-9_3.

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Kayanne, Hajime. "Response of Coral Reefs to Global Warming." In Coral Reefs of the World, 81–94. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0_7.

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Neudecker, Stephen. "Eye camouflage and false eyespots: chaetodontid responses to predators." In The butterflyfishes: success on the coral reef, 143–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2325-6_11.

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Hidaka, Michio. "Life History and Stress Response of Scleractinian Corals." In Coral Reefs of the World, 1–24. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0_1.

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Obura, David, Billy Causey, and Julie Church. "Management response to a bleaching event." In Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management, 181–206. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/61ce11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reef response"

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EVERETT, THOMAS, CRAIG HARTER, JOSH CARTER, and ARPIT AGARWAL. "PREDICTING MARSH SHORELINE RESPONSE BEHIND ARTIFICIAL REEF PRODUCTS." In International Conference on Coastal Sediments 2019. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0130.

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MASSELINK, GERD, EDDIE BEETHAM, and PAUL KENCH. "MODELING RESPONSE OF CORAL REEF ISLANDS TO SEA-LEVEL RISE." In International Conference on Coastal Sediments 2019. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0081.

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BOUVIER, C., B. CASTELLE, Y. BALOUIN, K. D. SPLINTER, M. BLACKA, and B. DUBARBIER. "CROSS-SHORE SANDBARS RESPONSE TO AN ARTIFICIAL REEF: AN INTERSITE COMPARISON." In International Conference on Coastal Sediments 2019. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0137.

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Sutthacheep, Makamas, Makamas Sutthacheep, Thamasak Yeemin, Thamasak Yeemin, Sittiporn Pengsakun, Sittiporn Pengsakun, Kanwara Sangmanee, Kanwara Sangmanee, Juthamart Putthayakool, and Juthamart Putthayakool. "MONITORING CORAL RECOVERY AT NEARSHORE CORAL REEFS IN PHANGNGA PROVINCE, THE ANDAMAN SEA FOLLOWING THE 2010 CORAL BLEACHING EVENT." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b936dde9b43.46989412.

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Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of scleractinian corals in response to elevated seawater temperatures has been considered as one of the most impacts of global climate change. Three extensive coral bleaching events in the Andaman Sea were reported, in the years 1991, 1995 and 2010. Studies on survival of coral colonies, coral recruitment and community structure of coral reef associated macrofauna would predict the trends for coral recovery from the impacts of coral bleaching events. The present study aimed to examine the status of coral communities, density of coral recruits and coral reef associated macrofauna at nearshore coral reefs in Phangnga Province, the Andaman Sea following the 2010 coral bleaching event. The dead coral cover was high (>50%) while the live coral cover was in the range of 13-21%. There was high diversity of coral recruits on natural substrates. The average densities of macrobenthic fauna varied from 1.9 to 2.6 individuals.m-2, with significant differences among study sites. The dominant macrobenthic species were a soft coral (Lobophytum sp.), a sea star (Linckia laevigata) and a sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris). Coral recovery at these coral reefs would be possible but local anthropogenic stressors must be overwhelmingly reduced in order to enhance coral reef resilience. The long-term monitoring programs in the Andaman Sea are required for decision makers to support their adaptive management approaches.
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Sutthacheep, Makamas, Makamas Sutthacheep, Thamasak Yeemin, Thamasak Yeemin, Sittiporn Pengsakun, Sittiporn Pengsakun, Kanwara Sangmanee, Kanwara Sangmanee, Juthamart Putthayakool, and Juthamart Putthayakool. "MONITORING CORAL RECOVERY AT NEARSHORE CORAL REEFS IN PHANGNGA PROVINCE, THE ANDAMAN SEA FOLLOWING THE 2010 CORAL BLEACHING EVENT." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315bb3db6.

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Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of scleractinian corals in response to elevated seawater temperatures has been considered as one of the most impacts of global climate change. Three extensive coral bleaching events in the Andaman Sea were reported, in the years 1991, 1995 and 2010. Studies on survival of coral colonies, coral recruitment and community structure of coral reef associated macrofauna would predict the trends for coral recovery from the impacts of coral bleaching events. The present study aimed to examine the status of coral communities, density of coral recruits and coral reef associated macrofauna at nearshore coral reefs in Phangnga Province, the Andaman Sea following the 2010 coral bleaching event. The dead coral cover was high (>50%) while the live coral cover was in the range of 13-21%. There was high diversity of coral recruits on natural substrates. The average densities of macrobenthic fauna varied from 1.9 to 2.6 individuals.m-2, with significant differences among study sites. The dominant macrobenthic species were a soft coral (Lobophytum sp.), a sea star (Linckia laevigata) and a sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris). Coral recovery at these coral reefs would be possible but local anthropogenic stressors must be overwhelmingly reduced in order to enhance coral reef resilience. The long-term monitoring programs in the Andaman Sea are required for decision makers to support their adaptive management approaches.
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Zikkah, Riska N., M. Andhika A. Pratama, N. Anggriani, and A. K. Supriatna. "A mathematical model of coral reef response to destructive fishing considering some biological interactions." In SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMATHEMATICS 2019 (SYMOMATH 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0023842.

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Azouri, Assaf, Douglas S. Luther, and Volker Roeber. "THE RESPONSE OF A COASTAL REGION WITH IRREGULAR REEF BATHYMETRY TO STRONG GRAVITY WAVE FORCING - A NUMERICAL MODELING STUDY." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292612.

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Yao, Changqing, Hongquan Chen, Akhil Datta-Gupta, Sanjay Mawalkar, Srikanta Mishra, and Ashwin Pasumarti. "Robust CO2 Plume Imaging Using Joint Tomographic Inversion Of Distributed Pressure And Temperature Measurements." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206249-ms.

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Abstract Geologic CO2 sequestration and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) have received significant attention from the scientific community as a response to climate change from greenhouse gases. Safe and efficient management of a CO2 injection site requires spatio-temporal tracking of the CO2 plume in the reservoir during geologic sequestration. The goal of this paper is to develop robust modeling and monitoring technologies for imaging and visualization of the CO2 plume using routine pressure/temperature measurements. The streamline-based technology has proven to be effective and efficient for reconciling geologic models to various types of reservoir dynamic response. In this paper, we first extend the streamline-based data integration approach to incorporate distributed temperature sensor (DTS) data using the concept of thermal tracer travel time. Then, a hierarchical workflow composed of evolutionary and streamline methods is employed to jointly history match the DTS and pressure data. Finally, CO2 saturation and streamline maps are used to visualize the CO2 plume movement during the sequestration process. The power and utility of our approach are demonstrated using both synthetic and field applications. We first validate the streamline-based DTS data inversion using a synthetic example. Next, the hierarchical workflow is applied to a carbon sequestration project in a carbonate reef reservoir within the Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend in Michigan, USA. The monitoring data set consists of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data acquired at the injection well and a monitoring well, flowing bottom-hole pressure data at the injection well, and time-lapse pressure measurements at several locations along the monitoring well. The history matching results indicate that the CO2 movement is mostly restricted to the intended zones of injection which is consistent with an independent warmback analysis of the temperature data. The novelty of this work is the streamline-based history matching method for the DTS data and its field application to the Department of Engergy regional carbon sequestration project in Michigan.
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Tian, Chao, Xinyun Ni, Jun Ding, Peng Yang, and Yousheng Wu. "Theoretical Study on Hydroelastic Responses of Very Large Floating Structures Near Islands and Reefs." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24704.

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In order to explore the fishery, oil and gas, and tourism resources in the ocean, Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) can be deployed near islands and reefs as a logistic base with various functions such as a floating harbor, accommodation, fishery processing, oil and gas exploration, environment surveillance, airplane landing and taking off, etc. However, in addition to the complicated hydroelastic coupling effects between the hydrodynamic loads and structural dynamic responses, when tackling the hydroelastic problems of floating structures deployed near islands and reefs, several other environmental effects and numerical techniques should be taken into account: 1) The influences of the non-uniform incident waves (multi-directions, different wave frequencies); 2) Complex seabed profile and its impact on the incident waves; 3) Nonlinear second order wave exciting forces in the complex mooring system, shallow water and coral reef geological conditions; 4) Parallel computing technology and fast solving methods for the large scale linear equations, accounting for the influence of dramatic increase of number of meshes to the computation efforts and efficiency. In the present paper the theoretical investigation on the hydroelastic responses of VLFS deployed near islands and reefs has been presented. In addition, based on the pulsating source Green function, the high performance parallel fast computing techniques and other numerical methods, in solving large scale linear equations, have been introduced in the three-dimensional hydroelastic analysis package THAFTS. The motions, wave loads, distortions and stresses can be calculated using the present theoretical model and the results can be used in the design and safety assessment of VLFS.
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Ahmad, M. "De-risking Appraisal Phase in the Recent Gas Discovery in Banggai-Sula Basin, Central Sulawesi: Application of AVO Analysis and Pre-stack Inversion in the Sub-ophiolite Reef Carbonate Play." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-g-183.

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Following the success in the exploration drilling campaign in the last few years, Pertamina EP puts the recently discovered Wol Structure into the appraisal stage. The exploration wells Wol-001 and Wol-002 were spudded in 2017 and 2019 respectively, and both flowed a significant gas rate from an excellent reservoir of Miocene Reef of Minahaki Formation. A good understanding of the reservoir distribution was essential in such a stage. Therefore, a proper reservoir characterization was then carried out for further appraisal purposes. Using the improved quality data from the latest 5D interpolation-PSDM as input, integration of amplitude versus offset (AVO) techniques and rock physics analysis was conducted to investigate the hydrocarbon extent. The AVO class IIp was observed at the boundary between overlying Kintom Shale and gas saturated Minahaki limestone. It is indicated by a positive intercept (Ro), decreased amplitudes with offsets, and negative amplitudes in the far offsets. This polarity reversal characteristic is clearly seen from both AVO modeling and actual CDP in the well locations. Several CDPs inside and outside the closure were also examined to check the consistency. The slice of partial stack volumes has also exhibited a similar trend within the closure where class IIp is suggestive. Since the AVO attributes such as intercept and gradient solely were not able to visualize the reservoir extent properly, the pre-stack seismic inversion was performed to obtain a more accurate reservoir distribution through quantitative interpretation. A cross plot of P-impedance (Ip) over S-impedance (Is) differentiates the gas zone clearly from the wet linear trend. A depth slice at GWC (gas water contact) level describes that most of the Wol Structure is gas-saturated including the newly identified closure in the northwest. It is a three-way dip closure formed by limestone that was dragged upward by a thrust fault. Interestingly, it has a similar AVO response to the main Wol Structure which suggests a gas-bearing reservoir. This work brings an added value to the use of AVO analysis and pre-stack inversion for hydrocarbon mapping for appraisal purposes. Not only it has largely reduced the subsurface uncertainty, but also revealed an upside potential that is worth considering in future exploration.
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Reports on the topic "Reef response"

1

Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42240.

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Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of USACE water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs that cover vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an ESRI ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) that was founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available 1) to automate the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, 2) to create stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, 3) to apply water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and 4) to create linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user's guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool's inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox : user's guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45362.

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Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs covering vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available: (1) automating the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, (2) creating stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, (3) applying water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and (4) creating linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user’s guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool’s inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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3

Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Xing-Wang Deng. Developmental Regulation and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The Fus5 Subunit of the Cop9 Signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586531.bard.

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Plants adjust their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The molecular mechanisms by which light signals are transduced and integrated with other environmental and developmental signals are an area of intense research. (Batschauer, 1999; Quail, 2002) One paradigm emerging from this work is the interconnectedness of discrete physiological responses at the biochemical level, for instance, between auxin and light signaling (Colon-Carmona et al., 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001; Tian and Reed, 1999) and between light signaling and plant pathogen interactions (Azevedo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002). The COP9 signalosome (CSN) protein complex has a central role in the light control of plant development. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in (Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001). Thus the CSN was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and light acts to bypass or eliminate this repression. However, the CSN regulates more than just photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die near the end of seedling development. Moreover, an essentially identical complex was subsequently discovered in animals and yeast, organisms whose development is not light responsive, exemplifying how plant science can lead the way to exciting discoveries in biomedical model species (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Freilich et al., 1999; Maytal-Kivity et al., 2002; Mundt et al., 1999; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long-term objective is to determine mechanistically how the CSN controls plant development. We previously that this complex contains eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 ilia subunit is encoded by the FUS5/CSN7 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The CSN7 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). In the present research, we further analyzed CSN7, both in terms of interacting proteins and in terms of kinases that act on CSN7. Furthermore we completed our analysis of the CSN in Arabidopsis by analyzing the remaining subunits. Outline of Original Objectives and Subsequent Modifications The general goal of the proposed research was to study the CSN7 (FUS5) subunit of the COP9 signalosome. To this end we specifically intended to: 1. Identify the residues of CSN7 that are phosphorylated. 2. Monitor the phosphorylation of CSN7 under different environmental conditions and under different genetic backgrounds. 3. Generate transgenic plants with altered CSN7 phosphorylation sites. 4. Purify CSN7 kinase from cauliflower. 5. Clone the Arabidopsis cDNA encoding CSN7 kinase 6. Isolate and characterize additional CSN7 interacting proteins. 7. Characterize the interaction of CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome with the HY5-COP1 transcriptional complex. Throughout the course of the research, emphasis shifted from studying CSN7 phosphorylation (Goals 1-3), to studying the CSN7 kinase (Goal 4 and 5), an in depth analysis of CSN7 interactions (Goal 6), and the study of additional CSN subunits. Goal 7 was also abandoned as no data was found to support this interaction.
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