Journal articles: 'Reel mower'

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Pirchio, Michel, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, Luisa Martelloni, Michele Raffaelli, Andrea Peruzzi, Lisa Caturegli, et al. "Autonomous Rotary Mower versus Ordinary Reel Mower—Effects of Cutting Height and Nitrogen Rate on Manila Grass Turf Quality." HortTechnology 28, no. 4 (August 2018): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04064-18.

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High-quality sports turfs often require low mowing and frequent maintenance. Sports turfs often consist of hard-to-mow warm season turfgrasses, such as zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) or bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). Although autonomous mowers have several advantages over manually operated mowers, they are not designed to mow lower than 2.0 cm and are consequently not used on high-quality sports turfs. All autonomous mowers are only equipped with rotary mowing devices and do not perform clipping removal. An ordinary autonomous mower was modified to obtain a prototype autonomous mower cutting at a low height. The prototype autonomous mower was tested on a manila grass (Zoysia matrella) turf and compared its performance in terms of turf quality and energy consumption with an ordinary autonomous mower and with a gasoline reel mower. A three-way factor experimental design with three replications was adopted. Factor A consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha−1), factor B consisted of two mowing systems (autonomous mower vs. walk-behind gasoline reel mower with no clipping removal), and factor C consisted of two mowing heights (1.2 and 3.6 cm). Prototype autonomous mower performed mowing at 1.2-cm mowing height whereas ordinary autonomous mower mowed at 3.6-cm mowing height. The interaction between the mowing system and mowing height showed that the turf quality was higher when the turf was mowed by the autonomous mower and at 1.2 cm than at 3.6 cm. Autonomous mowing not only reduced the mowing quality, but also reduced the leaf width. Lower mowing height induced thinner leaves. Nitrogen fertilization not only increased the overall turf quality, reduced weed cover percentage, but also reduced mowing quality. Autonomous mowers also had a lower energy consumption if compared with the reel mower (1.86 vs. 5.37 kWh/week at 1.2-cm mowing height and 1.79 vs. 2.32 kWh/week at 3.6-cm mowing height, respectively). These results show that autonomous mowers can perform low mowing even on tough-to-mow turfgrass species. They could also be used on high-quality sports turfs, thus saving time as well as reducing noise and pollution.

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Pirchio, Michel, Marco Fontanelli, Fabio Labanca, Mino Sportelli, Christian Frasconi, Luisa Martelloni, Michele Raffaelli, et al. "Energetic Aspects of Turfgrass Mowing: Comparison of Different Rotary Mowing Systems." Agriculture 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080178.

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Turfgrass mowing is one of the most important operations concerning turfgrass maintenance. Over time, different mowing machines have been developed, such as reel mowers, rotary mowers, and flail mowers. Rotary mowers have become the most widespread mowers for their great versatility and easy maintenance. Modern rotary mowers can be equipped with battery-powered electric motors and precise settings, such as blade rpm. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the differences in power consumption of a gasoline-powered rotary mower and a battery-powered rotary mower. Each mower worked on two different turfgrass species (bermudagrass and tall fescue) fertilized with two different nitrogen rates (100 and 200 kg ha−1). The battery-powered mower was set at its lowest and highest blade rpm value, while the gasoline-powered mower was set at full throttle. From the data acquired, it was possible to see that the gasoline-powered mower had a much higher primary energy requirement, independent of the turf species. Moreover, comparing the electricity consumption of the battery-powered mower over time, it was possible to see that the power consumption varied according to the growth rate of both turf species. These results show that there is a partial waste of energy when using a gasoline-powered mower compared to a battery-powered mower.

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Smith, N. "Classic Project: Cylinder 'reel' lawn mower." Engineering & Technology 13, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2018.0434.

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Timmerman, John Edwin, and Al Lovvorn. "Rapid Reel Lawn Master Company: cutting the target down to size." CASE Journal 14, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-03-2018-0039.

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Synopsis Paula Hendricks, Director of Marketing for Rapid Reel Lawn Master Company (RRLMC), tasked with developing a plan to exploit the current trend in lawn mower purchasing patterns must craft a strategic proposal for the executive planning committee. RRLMC, a manufacturer of reel mowers, experienced an increase in sales due to a confluence of factors: high gasoline prices, increased concern with the environment, the trend toward smaller yards and a focus on health and exercise. Paula needed to develop a plan for the company to sustain the bonanza and determine whether this trend offered new opportunities for marketing. Research methodology The data for the case were collected through examination of a major reel lawn mower manufacturer in the USA, through experience teaching and using the market segmentation process, as well as personal interviews and secondary research on the history of firms within the industry. The results of a literature review have been incorporated to flesh out the discussion. Relevant courses and levels This case is targeted primarily at undergraduate students in upper-level marketing classes, e.g., Relationship Marketing, Marketing Management and Strategic Marketing. Additionally, it can be used in management classes (e.g. Strategic Management) where industry segmentation is discussed. It would also benefit introductory MBA marketing courses as this case directs students’ attention to the role of products’ perceived benefits and how markets may be segmented in order to assess and select prime segments of the market for targeting.

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Tan, Chung Ming, and Gin Yei Lin. "Study on Roll Forming of Reel Mower Helical Blades." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.39.

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This research is focused on the helical blades used in the reel mower machine which uses 5 to 10 helical blades. These blades are normally manufactured using the roll forming process which has certain tolerance. This research is to develop an iterative methodology to optimize the manufacture of blades using roll forming. To save cost, time and waste of material the computerized simulation process is being used. The design of the blade and the die for the roll forming and modification are done using software SolidWorks. Simulation is performed using software DEFORM-3D. The simulation result and the actual design are compared using software Geomagic. This study also shows the potential applications of computer aided engineering and its benefits in verifying and reinventing the part manufacturing process.

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Luo, Ya Lan, and Chun Hua Zhao. "Design and Experimental Study of a Mower Conditioner Drive System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1169.

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According to the forage of mountain region harvesting requirements, a transmission of montanic mower conditioner was designed. The drive system was combined with automatic tension sprocket and double chain wheel of upper and lower crushers, firstly, to realize the automatic regulation and relative motion of two flattening roller, secondly, the power was passed to reel device and achieved forage feeding function; the off-center slider crank mechanism drove the horizontal header to realize the grass cutting function. Through the theoretical analysis and experimental study of the system working performance, applied comprehensive scoring method to obtain the optimal combination of working parameters: the cutting ration was3, the press roller circumferential speed was 4.5m/s, the reel speed ratio was 3. Measured with the optimal combination of operational parameters, the results showed that: the working stubble was 40mm, the recutting rate was 0.8%, the flattening ratio was 42.8% and the crushed grass loss rate was 2.3%, which could meet the demand of forage harvest operation.

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Tan, Chung Ming, and Gin Yei Lin. "An Innovative Compression Mold Design for Manufacture of Reel Mower Helical Blades." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.255.

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This research is focused on the helical blades used in the reel mower machine which uses 5 to 10 helical blades. These blades are normally manufactured using the roll forming process which has certain demerits. This research is done to develop a new process known as compression process for the manufacture of blades using computer aided engineering. To save cost, time as well as waste of material the computerized simulation process is being used. The design of the blade and the die for the compression and modification are done using software SolidWorks. Simulation is performed using software DEFORM-3D. The simulation result and the actual design are compared using software Geomagic. This study also shows the potential applications of computer aided engineering and its benefits in verifying and reinventing the part manufacturing process.

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Grossi, Nicola, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, Luisa Martelloni, Michele Raffaelli, Andrea Peruzzi, Monica Gaetani, et al. "Effects of close cutting on ground cover and quality of a polystand of Manilagrass and cool season turfgrasses." Italian Journal of Agronomy 14, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2019.1378.

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Warm season turfgrasses can be grown successfully in the transition zone, but dormancy occurs to some extent during the winter. Overseeding with cool-season turfgrasses is necessary if winter dormancy of warm season turfgrasses is not tolerated. The increasing availability of zoysiagrass cultivars has enabled this genus to be considered suitable for low-maintenance golf courses, especially for golf tees and golf fairways. On the other hand, zoysiagrasses have the most rigid leaves of all turfgrass species, followed by bermudagrasses and by the other warm season turf species. Thus, to have a high mowing quality, mowers working constantly on zoysiagrasses require more sharpening than mowers working on other grasses. Rotary mowers are not suitable for mowing at low heights and often result in scalping, while reel mowers perform optimal mowing at a short height (below 2.5 cm) but require accurate management and frequent sharpening. Autonomous mowers have proven to produce a superior turf quality compared with traditional walk-behind rotary mowers, but no autonomous mower has ever been tested at a low mowing height on an overseeded warm season turfgrass. Because of this, the trial was carried out to simulate a golf tee overseeded with cool season turfgrasses, with low input fertilisation rates and with one of the most difficult turf species to mow; i.e. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. The trial was carried out in San Piero a Grado (Pisa, Italy) from October 2016 to October 2018. After a two-year period the best turf quality was achieved with Festuca rubra L. ssp. cultivars among the overseeded species, especially during fall. In many cases turf quality increased after manila grass green up since the combination of both cool season and warm season species gave a higher quality to the turfgrass, due to the finer leaf texture and higher shoot density of some cool season species. Moreover, recovery of manila grass ground cover was satisficing. In conclusion, a polystand of manila grass and Festuca rubra ssp. could be suitable for golf tees with low-input management.

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Bolland, MDA. "Response of defoliated swards of subterranean clover and yellow serradella to superphosphate applications." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 6 (1991): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910777.

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The effect of superphosphate applications (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg P/ha to the soil surface) on the dry matter (DM) herbage production of dense swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Junee) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus cv. Tauro) was measured in a field experiment on deep, sandy soil in south-western Australia. The swards were defoliated with a reel mower at weekly intervals from 88 to 158 days after sowing, to a height of 2 cm for the first 9 cuts, 4 cm for the tenth cut and 5 cm for the eleventh cut. Yellow serradella was more productive than subterranean clover. Consequently, for the relationship between yield and the level of phosphorus (P) applied, yellow serradella supported larger maximum yields and required less P than subterranean clover, to produce the same DM herbage yield. Maximum yields of yellow serradella were 12-40% larger. To produce 70% of the maximum yield for yellow serradella at each harvest, yellow serradella required about 50% less P than subterranean clover. However, when yields were expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield measured for each species at each harvest, the relationship between yield and the level of P applied was similar for both species, and they had similar P requirements.

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Martelloni, Luisa, Marco Fontanelli, Stefano Pieri, Christian Frasconi, Lisa Caturegli, Monica Gaetani, Nicola Grossi, et al. "Assessment of the Cutting Performance of a Robot Mower Using Custom Built Software." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050230.

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Before the introduction of positioning technologies in agriculture practices such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), data collection and management were time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks. Today, due to the introduction of advanced technologies, precise information on the performance of agricultural machines, and smaller autonomous vehicles such as robot mowers, can be collected in a relatively short time. The aim of this work was to track the performance of a robot mower in various turfgrass areas of an equal number of square meters but with four different shapes by using real-time kinematic (RTK)-GNSS devices, and to easily extract data by a custom built software capable of calculating the distance travelled by the robot mower, the forward speed, the cutting area, and the number of intersections of the trajectories. These data were then analyzed in order to provide useful functioning information for manufacturers, entrepreneurs, and practitioners. The path planning of the robot mower was random and the turfgrass area for each of the four shapes was 135 m2 without obstacles. The distance travelled by the robot mower, the mean forward speed, and the intersections of the trajectories were affected by the interaction between the time of cutting and the shape of the turfgrass. For all the different shapes, the whole turfgrass area was completely cut after two hours of mowing. The cutting efficiency decreased by increasing the time, as a consequence of the increase in overlaps. After 75 minutes of cutting, the efficiency was about 35% in all the turfgrass areas shapes, thus indicating a high level of overlapping.

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Horan, Stephen M. "First-Mover (Dis)advantage and Real Options." CFA Digest 32, no. 2 (May 2002): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v32.n2.1056.

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Cottrell, Tom, and Gordon Sick. "FIRST-MOVER (DIS) ADVANTAGE AND REAL OPTIONS." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 14, no. 2 (June 2001): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2001.tb00329.x.

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Wang, Fa Yu, Zhen Li Gao, and Hong Yu Yin. "Design of Robot Lawn Mower Based on Computer Vision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.624.

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In this paper, we introduce a new research about mowing robot on obstacle avoidanceand path tracking controlling theoretically and practically, and propose the mowing control methodwhich based on computer vision. Lawn images collected by camera, through the extraction ofprogramming dealing with lawn, obstacles and boundary characteristics to achieve edge separation.Through special processing algorithm to determine boundary arises and obstacles location, size andspeed of the robot, with real-time capturing and processing. This paper gives the complete imagerecognition processing, and analyzes several methods of image filtering and edge detection, andproposes simple control algorithm for obstacle avoidance, and applies MATLAB for obstacleavoidance simulation. The results show that: the method can correctly identify the obstacles andboundaries, through the output about location, size of the obstacles and boundary, border slope andspeed of the robot to control robot mower. Most importantly, that computer vision applying in themowing robot itself is an innovation.

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Sunada, Toshikazu. "Group C*-Algebras and the Spectrum of a Periodic Schrödinger Operator on a Manifold." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 44, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1992-011-3.

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The spectrum of the Laplacian or more generally of a Schrödinger operator on an open manifold may have possibly a complicated aspect. For example, a Cantor set in the real axis may appear as the spectrum even for an innocent looking potential on a standard Riemannian manifold (see J. Moser [10]). The fundamental result of the spectral theory of periodic Schrödinger operators, however, says that the picture of the spectrum of a Schrödinger operator on ℝn with a periodic potential is simple; indeed the spectrum consists of a series of closed intervals of the real axis without accumulation, separated in general by gaps outside the spectrum (see M. Reed and B. Simon [13] or M. M. Skriganov [15] for instance).

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Cottrell, Tom, and Gordon Sick. "Real Options and Follower Strategies: The loss of real option value to first-mover advantage." Engineering Economist 47, no. 3 (January 2002): 232–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137910208965035.

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Glambosky, Mina, Kimberly Gleason, Chun Lee, and Maryna Murdock. "The low fee entry strategy and first mover advantage in the ETF market." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.24.

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Academic literature struggles to explain investors’ attitude towards fees and expenses charged by mutual funds. In general, investors have been found to exhibit a puzzling lack of interest in this non-trivial component of their total return, raising questions of rationality of real-world investor behavior. An emergence of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), their rapid proliferation in the past decades and distinct features, such as more simple expense structure, present a valuable opportunity to contribute to the debate surrounding the pricing of funds. To better understand the expense policy/fund flows dynamics, the authors first test a conjecture that later entrants in the ETF markets face a disadvantage in competition for fund flows. Then, they test whether competitive pressure can be successfully overcome by lowering expenses charged to ETF investors. The results suggest that, though it is not necessary to be a first entrant in a fund category to enjoy competitive advantage, an earlier market entry is beneficial for attracting fund flows. It is also found that later entrants’ to the ETF market successfully use the strategy of reducing their expense ratios. Firms with lower net expense ratios obtain greater investment, as evidenced by greater capitalization and market share, supporting our intuition that investors may acknowledge the merits of low-cost ETFs.

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Lamel, Bernhard, and Laurent Stolovitch. "Convergence of the Chern–Moser–Beloshapka normal forms." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2020, no. 765 (August 1, 2020): 205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2019-0004.

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AbstractIn this article, we give a normal form for real-analytic, Levi-nondegenerate submanifolds of{\mathbb{C}^{N}}of codimension{d\geq 1}under the action of formal biholomorphisms. We find a very general sufficient condition on the formal normal form that ensures that the normalizing transformation to this normal form is holomorphic. In the case{d=1}our methods in particular allow us to obtain a new and direct proof of the convergence of the Chern–Moser normal form.

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Thanh, Truong Quoc, Dinh Quang Truong, Nguyen Minh Tri, and Kyoung Kwan Ahn. "Development of a Novel Linear Magnetic Actuator." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 6 (November 5, 2014): 864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0864.

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The aim of this paper is to design, fabricate and control a novel Linear Magnetic Actuator (LMA) for applications such as active magnetic bearing systems to deal with vibration problems in rotating machines. This LMA actuator contains a moving body named ‘mover’ and three driving parts to drive the mover. Firstly, experiments have been conducted on the LMA to derive its mathematical model in order to investigate the generated electro-magnetic force as well as further research. The modeling result in a comparison with the actual system performance show that the electro-magnetic force varied symmetrically with the mover motion defined by the applied current. Secondly, an advanced trajectory controller named online tuning fuzzy PID controller has been designed for the LMA to improve the working performance. Finally, real-time experiments have been carried out to evaluate the tracking performance of the designed LMA control system. The results prove that the LMA driven by the proposed controller could track the desired trajectories with high accuracy.

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Syrovezhkin, A. A. "A NEO-EVOLUTIONARY INTERPRETATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENIUS AND CULTURE." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 31 (2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2021-31-57-61.

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The article explores the neo-evolutionist interpretation of the relationship between genius and culture. The reasons for the idealization of genius and its transformation into a symbol of the “prime mover” of cultural progress, a person who can singlehandedly change the course of history, are considered. The author demonstrates the inconsistency of the idea of genius as a “prime mover” of cultural evolution. The conclusion is substantiated that genius is a “tool” of culture, with the help of which it creates its wealth that the epoch, and not an individual person, appears to be the real author of a genius creation, that the flourishing of culture “expresses” itself in brilliant people.

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Kurdziel, Michael Thomas. "Real-time Mozer phase recoding using a neural-network for speech compression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 2 (August 1998): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423402.

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Mancini, Gabriele, and Luca Martinazzi. "Extremals for Fractional Moser–Trudinger Inequalities in Dimension 1 via Harmonic Extensions and Commutator Estimates." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 599–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2020-2089.

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AbstractWe prove the existence of extremals for fractional Moser–Trudinger inequalities in an interval and on the whole real line. In both cases we use blow-up analysis for the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation, which requires new sharp estimates obtained via commutator techniques.

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Takahashi, Futoshi. "Critical and subcritical fractional Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities on ℝ \mathbb{R}." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 8, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 868–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2017-0116.

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Abstract In this paper, we are concerned with the critical and subcritical Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities for functions in a fractional Sobolev space {H^{1/2,2}} on the whole real line. We prove the relation between two inequalities and discuss the attainability of the suprema.

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Kossovskiy, Ilya, and Dmitri Zaitsev. "Convergent normal form for real hypersurfaces at a generic Levi-degeneracy." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2019, no. 749 (April 1, 2019): 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2016-0034.

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Abstract We construct a complete convergent normal form for a real hypersurface in {\mathbb{C}^{N}} , {N\geq 2} , at a generic Levi-degeneracy. This seems to be the first convergent normal form for a Levi-degenerate hypersurface. As an application of the convergence result, we obtain an explicit description of the moduli space of germs of real-analytic hypersurfaces with a generic Levi-degeneracy. As another application, we obtain, in the spirit of the work of Chern and Moser [6], distinguished curves inside the Levi-degeneracy set that we call degenerate chains.

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Roy, S., O. P. Malik, and G. S. Hope. "Real-time test results with adaptive speed controllers for a diesel prime-mover." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 8, no. 3 (1993): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.257065.

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Thangjai, Warisa, Sa-Aat Niwitpong, and Suparat Niwitpong. "Bayesian Confidence Intervals for Coefficients of Variation of PM10 Dispersion." Emerging Science Journal 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01264.

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Herein, we propose the Bayesian approach for constructing the confidence intervals for both the coefficient of variation of a log-normal distribution and the difference between the coefficients of variation of two log-normal distributions. For the first case, the Bayesian approach was compared with large-sample, Chi-squared, and approximate fiducial approaches via Monte Carlo simulation. For the second case, the Bayesian approach was compared with the method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER), modified MOVER, and approximate fiducial approaches using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the Bayesian approach provided the best approach for constructing the confidence intervals for both the coefficient of variation of a log-normal distribution and the difference between the coefficients of variation of two log-normal distributions. To illustrate the performances of the confidence limit construction approaches with real data, they were applied to analyze real PM10 datasets from the Nan and Chiang Mai provinces in Thailand, the results of which are in agreement with the simulation results. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01264 Full Text: PDF

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Maneerat, Patcharee, and Sa-Aat Niwitpong. "Estimating the average daily rainfall in Thailand using confidence intervals for the common mean of several delta-lognormal distributions." PeerJ 9 (January 22, 2021): e10758. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10758.

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The daily average natural rainfall amounts in the five regions of Thailand can be estimated using the confidence intervals for the common mean of several delta-lognormal distributions based on the fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI), large sample (LS), method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER), parametric bootstrap (PB), and highest posterior density intervals based on Jeffreys’ rule (HPD-JR) and normal-gamma-beta (HPD-NGB) priors. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess the performance in terms of the coverage probability and average length of the proposed methods. The numerical results indicate that MOVER and PB provided better performances than the other methods in a variety of situations, even when the sample case was large. The efficacies of the proposed methods were illustrated by applying them to real rainfall datasets from the five regions of Thailand.

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Feigin, Misha V., Martin A. Hallnäs, and Alexander P. Veselov. "Quasi–invariant Hermite Polynomials and Lassalle–Nekrasov Correspondence." Communications in Mathematical Physics 386, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 107–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-04036-8.

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AbstractLassalle and Nekrasov discovered in the 1990s a surprising correspondence between the rational Calogero–Moser system with a harmonic term and its trigonometric version. We present a conceptual explanation of this correspondence using the rational Cherednik algebra and establish its quasi-invariant extension. More specifically, we consider configurations $${\mathcal {A}}$$ A of real hyperplanes with multiplicities admitting the rational Baker–Akhiezer function and use this to introduce a new class of non-symmetric polynomials, which we call $${\mathcal {A}}$$ A -Hermite polynomials. These polynomials form a linear basis in the space of $${\mathcal {A}}$$ A -quasi-invariants, which is an eigenbasis for the corresponding generalised rational Calogero–Moser operator with harmonic term. In the case of the Coxeter configuration of type $$A_N$$ A N this leads to a quasi-invariant version of the Lassalle–Nekrasov correspondence and its higher order analogues.

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Gong, Xianghong. "Fixed points of elliptic reversible transformations with integrals." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 16, no. 4 (August 1996): 683–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700009044.

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AbstractWe show that for a certain family of integrable reversible transformations, the curves of periodic points of a general transformation cross the level curves of its integrals. This leads to the divergence of the normal form for a general reversible transformation with integrals. We also study the integrable holomorphic reversible transformations coming from real analytic surfaces in ℂ2 with non-degenerate complex tangents. We show the existence of real analytic surfaces with hyperbolic complex tangents, which are contained in a real hyperplane, but cannot be transformed into the Moser—Webster normal form through any holomorphic transformation.

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Fring, Andreas. "PT -symmetric deformations of integrable models." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1989 (April 28, 2013): 20120046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0046.

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We review recent results on new physical models constructed as -symmetrical deformations or extensions of different types of integrable models. We present non-Hermitian versions of quantum spin chains, multi-particle systems of Calogero–Moser–Sutherland type and nonlinear integrable field equations of Korteweg–de Vries type. The quantum spin chain discussed is related to the first example in the series of the non-unitary models of minimal conformal field theories. For the Calogero–Moser–Sutherland models, we provide three alternative deformations: a complex extension for models related to all types of Coxeter/Weyl groups; models describing the evolution of poles in constrained real-valued field equations of nonlinear integrable systems; and genuine deformations based on antilinearly invariant deformed root systems. Deformations of complex nonlinear integrable field equations of Korteweg–de Vries type are studied with regard to different kinds of -symmetrical scenarios. A reduction to simple complex quantum mechanical models currently under discussion is presented.

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Yatchev, Ivan, Krastio Hinov, and Vultchan Gueorgiev. "Dynamic characteristics of a bitable linear actuator with moving permanent magnet." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 1, no. 2 (2004): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0402207y.

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The dynamic characteristics of an ax symmetrical linear actuator with axially magnetized moving permanent magnet are obtained using combined field and circuit approach. The magnetic field of the actuator has been analyzed using the finite element method over a current-displacement sampling grid. Two field analyses are carried out for each point of the grid - one for the real system and one for the system where the permanent magnet is considered as a soft magnetic body. For each point of the grid, data for the total flux linkage, electromagnetic force and the coil inductance are extracted from the magnetic field analysis. These data are approximated by bicubic spline functions, which are employed in the solution of the system of ordinary differential equations of the electrical circuit and the mechanical motion. Results are obtained for the time variations of the coil current, mover displacement, mover velocity and electromagnetic force. The results for the current and displacement are verified experimentally.

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Singhasomboon, Lapasrada, Wararit Panichkitkosolkul, and Andrei Volodin. "Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Means of Two Independent Log-Normal Distributions." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS 20 (March 17, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23206.2021.20.5.

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In this paper, we investigate confidence intervals for the ratio of means of two independent lognormal distributions. The normal approximation (NA) approach was proposed. We compared the proposed with another approaches, the ML, GCI, and MOVER. The performance of these approaches were evaluated in terms of coverage probabilities and interval widths. The Simulation studies and results showed that the GCI and MOVER approaches performed similar in terms of the coverage probability and interval width for all sample sizes. The ML and NA approaches provided the coverage probability close to nominal level for large sample sizes. However, our proposed method provided the interval width shorter than other methods. Overall, our proposed is conceptually simple method. We recommend that our proposed approach is appropriate for large sample sizes because it is consistently performs well in terms of the coverage probability and the interval width is typically shorter than the other approaches. Finally, the proposed approaches are illustrated using a real-life example.

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NIGRO, GIOVANNA LO, AZZURRA MORREALE, SERENA ROBBA, and PAOLO ROMA. "BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ALLIANCES AND COMPETITION: A REAL OPTIONS GAMES APPROACH." International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 06 (December 2013): 1340023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613400239.

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The competitive landscape where pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies operate has changed radically due to a scientific/technological progress that has revolutionised the process by which drugs are developed. In fact, pharmaceutical industry more and more relies on advances in biochemistry and molecular biology. As a consequence, the number of partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotech firms has grown significantly. Research contributions addressing the biopharmaceutical alliances design have also focused on the optimal timing to sign a partnership. In this paper, we introduce and analyse the effect of competition in biotechnology industry by modelling the decisions of whether and when ally with a pharmaceutical company through a real options game. We find that the timing decisions depend on the level of the competition, synergies obtained through the alliance and contract terms offered by the pharmaceutical company as well. Also, we show that the first mover might not always pre-empt the follower in partnering with the pharmaceutical company.

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Thijssen, Jacco J. J. "Preemption in a real option game with a first mover advantage and player-specific uncertainty." Journal of Economic Theory 145, no. 6 (November 2010): 2448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2010.10.002.

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Suryana, Lucas Elbert, Endra Joelianto, and Yosi Agustina Hidayat. "Grey-Box Modelling and Validation of APMS (Automated People Mover System) Train." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2020.12.4.15.

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A grey-box model of an automated people mover system (APMS) is constructed in this paper. APMS is one of the urban transit constructions that is being constructed in Indonesia and used for connecting between terminals in the airport. The APMS model can be identified to obtain the mathematical representation of the full system by finding unknown parameters through the data measured from the installed system at the airport. Generalized reduced gradient (GRG) algorithm is operated to identify the model parameters. The model can then be used for verification and testing controller designs such as proportional-integralderivative (PID) or model predictive control (MPC), and energy-saving strategies. The obtained model is able to follow the dynamic of the real APMS with RMSE value 0.013.

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Hanchek, Anne M. "In the Eye of the Beholder: The Case of the Minnetonka Lawn Ordinance." HortTechnology 4, no. 3 (July 1994): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.3.304.

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In 1991, a suburban city in Minnesota found its lawn and nuisance weed ordinance the center of controversy as a citizen sought to develop a naturalized landscape that contrasted greatly with her neighbors' mowed lawns. This decision case study presents that situation as faced by the city policymakers and, when presented in a class setting, provides an opportunity to explore real options in a real issue of today. The case objectives are to prepare policymakers to deal with similar issues, and to broaden the outlook of students based in plant and environmental sciences to include the social factors of people-plant interactions. Group problem-solving skills also can be enhanced by this exercise. The abridged teaching note provides guidance for classroom and extension use.

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Kulikajevas, Audrius, Rytis Maskeliūnas, Robertas Damaševičius, and Marta Wlodarczyk-Sielicka. "Auto-Refining Reconstruction Algorithm for Recreation of Limited Angle Humanoid Depth Data." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113702.

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With the majority of research, in relation to 3D object reconstruction, focusing on single static synthetic object reconstruction, there is a need for a method capable of reconstructing morphing objects in dynamic scenes without external influence. However, such research requires a time-consuming creation of real world object ground truths. To solve this, we propose a novel three-staged deep adversarial neural network architecture capable of denoising and refining real-world depth sensor input for full human body posture reconstruction. The proposed network has achieved Earth Mover and Chamfer distances of 0.059 and 0.079 on synthetic datasets, respectively, which indicates on-par experimental results with other approaches, in addition to the ability of reconstructing from maskless real world depth frames. Additional visual inspection to the reconstructed pointclouds has shown that the suggested approach manages to deal with the majority of the real world depth sensor noise, with the exception of large deformities to the depth field.

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Shahid, Syed Maaz, Sunghoon Ko, and Sungoh Kwon. "Real-Time Classification of Diesel Marine Engine Loads Using Machine Learning." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143172.

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An engine control system is responsible for controlling the combustion parameters of an internal combustion engine to increase the efficiency of the engine. An optimized parameter setting of an engine control system is highly influenced by the engine load. Therefore, with a change in engine load, the parameter settings need to be updated for higher engine efficiency. Hence, to optimize parameter settings during operation, engine load information is necessary. In this paper, we propose a real-time engine load classification from sensed signals. For the classification, an artificial neural network is used and trained using processed, real, measured data. To that end, a magnetic pickup sensor extracts the rotational speed of the prime mover of a four-stroke V12 marine diesel engine. The measured signal is then converted into a crank angle degree (CAD) signal that shows the behavior of the combustion strokes of firing cylinders at a particular engine load. The CAD signals are considered an input feature to the designed network for classification of engine loads. For verification, we considered five classes of engine load, and the trained network classifies these classes with an accuracy of 99.4%.

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Horslund, Camilla Søballe. "How snuck sneaked into English and drug is still dragging behind: A corpus study on the usage of new past tense forms for sneak and drag in British and American English." English Today 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000418.

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Language observers may have noticed the existence of two past tense forms for the verb to sneak in American English, sneaked and snuck. Interestingly, both forms have not always coexisted; the original form is sneaked, and snuck has only recently become a real competitor for sneaked (Hogg, 1988: 31–32). The verb to drag seems to be somewhat in the same situation with the original past tense form dragged as well as the new form drug (Bybee & Moder, 1983: 252). However, drug is much less frequent than snuck. Murray's (1998) study on the attitudes towards snuck and drug suggests some difference in the usage of these forms across registers.

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De Jong, G. "Fryske taboeminimalisearders en harren gebrûksfrekwinsje." Us Wurk 68, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2019): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5c580fec68065.

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When a speaker wishes to charge his utterance with emotions and (temporarily) doesn’t bother about social conventions, he can use a taboo minimizer. Such a minimizer consists of a negative element followed by a tabooed N. This article shows which Frisian taboo terms can function as the N and what their user frequency is. This has been investigated on the internet, as this is preeminently a place where emotional messages can be expected. Google searches demonstrate that Frisian has at least 23 taboo words showing up as a minimizer. The output can be subdivided into three categories: 1) obscenities, 2) religion and superstition and 3) diseases. The first category is the most extensive, the second category is the most frequent, while the third category consists of only one word. The four most popular taboo minimizers are bliksem (‘lightning’), reet (‘ass’), donder (‘thunder’) and sek (‘scrotum’), and the fifth position is shared by barst (‘crack’) and moer (‘mother’). The last two illustrate the idiomatic character of minimizers: moer and barst have an unclear denotation, but when used as the N in a minimizer it is perfectly clear what they mean.

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Trouw, Michael, Stephan Weiler, and Jesse Silverstein. "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052046.

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This paper shows that brownfield redevelopment occurs at a lower than socially optimal rate due to a stigma effect. A theoretical framework is employed, incorporating asymmetric information showing this stigma within the brownfields market generates a first-mover problem. Developers require a risk premium on their rate of return to offset this stigma, which discourages investment. Asymmetric information further widens the gap between offer and asking prices, reducing successful transactions. Implications of the theoretical framework are explored using a survey of real estate developers in the Denver metropolitan area. Brownfield developers’ typical characteristics along with their risk and stigma premiums are quantified and found to be substantially in excess of cleanup costs.

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Xia, Bi Zhong, Ping Fa Feng, and Hua Yong Yang. "Modeling and Simulation of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Hydraulic Power Limiting Valve with Two-Spring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1387.

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A hydraulic power limiting valve, HPLV, is a key hydraulic element to realize power limiting control for hydraulic drive system in engineering machinery. By tracing with the discharge pressure of hydraulic pump, HPLVs are used to real-time control the pilot pressure that corresponds to the displacement of hydraulic pump, and match the output power of hydraulic pump with the power of its prime mover within high efficiency scope. So good dynamics is important for HPLVs to reflect the frequently change of pump pressure. Based on the description of a typical HPLV with two-spring structure, its principle and the working process are discussed, then the mathematical model is established and the effects of several main structural parameters on its dynamic characteristics are carried out.

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Torres Pujol, Rosa. "Molecular Zombi y la paternidad marciana de Pablo Llorens." Con A de animación, no. 3 (February 18, 2013): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/caa.2013.1416.

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Pablo Llorens es uno de los grandes animadoresde España. A pesar de los incontables premios —entreellos dos Goyas— que tiene en su haber, siguehaciendo cosas. Sobre todo trabaja en publicidad,pero de vez en cuando se da un respiro espiritual yconvoca en su productora Potens Plastianimationa otros animadores, así como a Tritón Media, conquien realiza producciones de integración de “stopmotion”con acción real. Trabaja principalmente conreferencias populares a la ciencia ficción, creando losefectos especiales en plastilina, lo que da a la imagenuna estética muy “revival”. Su último trabajo, MolecularZombi, aborda la historia de una pareja en crisisque soluciona sus problemas gracias a una paternidadintergaláctica que salva el mundo: una historia surrealistacon puntos de “gore” y ternura, que ya se estáempezando a mover por los festivales de animacióny cine de terror.

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Thangjai, Warisa, Sa-Aat Niwitpong, and Suparat Niwitpong. "Confidence intervals for the common coefficient of variation of rainfall in Thailand." PeerJ 8 (September 21, 2020): e10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10004.

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The log-normal distribution is often used to analyze environmental data like daily rainfall amounts. The rainfall is of interest in Thailand because high variable climates can lead to periodic water stress and scarcity. The mean, standard deviation or coefficient of variation of the rainfall in the area is usually estimated. The climate moisture index is the ratio of plant water demand to precipitation. The climate moisture index should use the coefficient of variation instead of the standard deviation for comparison between areas with widely different means. The larger coefficient of variation indicates greater dispersion, whereas the lower coefficient of variation indicates the lower risk. The common coefficient of variation, is the weighted coefficients of variation based on k areas, presents the average daily rainfall. Therefore, the common coefficient of variation is used to describe overall water problems of k areas. In this paper, we propose four novel approaches for the confidence interval estimation of the common coefficient of variation of log-normal distributions based on the fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI), method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER), computational, and Bayesian approaches. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the coverage probabilities and average lengths of the confidence intervals. In terms of coverage probability, the results show that the FGCI approach provided the best confidence interval estimates for most cases except for when the sample case was equal to six populations (k = 6) and the sample sizes were small (nI < 50), for which the MOVER confidence interval estimates were the best. The efficacies of the proposed approaches are illustrated with example using real-life daily rainfall datasets from regions of Thailand.

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Rajesh, V., and P. Rajesh Kumar. "SEMG for Human Computer Interface Using Ann to Navigate Wheel Chair." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2010040102.

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This paper presents an approach to identify hand gestures with muscle activity separated from electromyogram (EMG) using Back Propagation analysis with the goal of using hand gestures for human-computer interaction. While there are a number of previous reported works where EMG has been used to identify movement, the limitation of these works is that the systems are suitable for gross actions and when there is one prime-mover muscle involved. This paper reports overcoming the difficulty by using independent component analysis to separate muscle activity from different muscles and classified using back propagation neural networks. The experimental results show that the system was accurately able to identify the hand gesture using this technique (95%). The advantage of this system is that it is easy to train one to use it and can easily be implemented in real time.

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Burkett, Leonard, and Edie L. Whitfield. "Store-bought Mathematics." Arithmetic Teacher 33, no. 4 (December 1985): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.33.4.0036.

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Children often experience difficulty learning mathematics unless it is related to objects or situations that are meaningful to them. Underhill (1981) reports mathema tical research (Brownell and Moser 1949; Gray 1965) indieating that memory is greatest for learners when the material to be remembered has meaning for them. Mathematics often has little meaning for children when these relationships are not formed. It may seem remote and removed from real-world events and experiences. Teachers seeking to improve mathematics teaching and learning may wish to consider creating a supermarket math lab in the school or classroom. The supermarket setting can provide an experiencebased environment for activities and make mathematics a part of the child's world. This project can be adapted to kindergarten and firstgrade activities and can evolve into advanced concepts and problems found in upper elementary school mathematics.

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Hiebert, James. "The Struggle to Link Written Symbols with Understandings: An Update." Arithmetic Teacher 36, no. 7 (March 1989): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.7.0038.

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Two of the most striking and informative results from recent research on children's mathematics learning are the following. On the one hand, many children possess a surprising degree of competence with mathematical situations outside of school. For example, before beginning school, most young children can solve simple addition and subtraction stories, such as “Mary has 8 pennies. She gives 3 pennies to Roger. How many does she have left?” (Carpenter and Moser 1984; DeCorte and Verschaffel 1987; Riley, Greeno, and Heller 1983). In other words, before children have been taught how to add and subtract, they can solve addition and s ubtraction problems. Similarly, older children, as well as adults, can solve a variety of real-world problems using strategies that they have not learned directly in school (Carraher, Carraher, and Schliemann 1987; Lave, Murtaugh, and de Ia Rocha 1984; Scdbner 1984).

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Tung, Tony, and Takashi Matsuyama. "Visual Tracking Using Multimodal Particle Filter." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 4, no. 3 (July 2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijncr.2014070104.

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Visual tracking of humans or objects in motion is a challenging problem when observed data undergo appearance changes (e.g., due to illumination variations, occlusion, cluttered background, etc.). Moreover, tracking systems are usually initialized with predefined target templates, or trained beforehand using known datasets. Hence, they are not always efficient to detect and track objects whose appearance changes over time. In this paper, we propose a multimodal framework based on particle filtering for visual tracking of objects under challenging conditions (e.g., tracking various human body parts from multiple views). Particularly, the authors integrate various cues such as color, motion and depth in a global formulation. The Earth Mover distance is used to compare color models in a global fashion, and constraints on motion flow features prevent common drifting effects due to error propagation. In addition, the model features an online mechanism that adaptively updates a subspace of multimodal templates to cope with appearance changes. Furthermore, the proposed model is integrated in a practical detection and tracking process, and multiple instances can run in real-time. Experimental results are obtained on challenging real-world videos with poorly textured models and arbitrary non-linear motions.

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Widyastutik, Widyastutik. "The Impact of Productivity Increasing in Indonesian Maritim Sector: General Equilibrium Analysis." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 5, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3403.

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The increase in productivity in the maritime sector will realize the maritime sector as a prime mover. This study aims to analyze the impact of the maritime sector productivity improvement on the performance of the economy. This research simulates increased productivity in the maritime sector (consisting of the fisheries, oil, gas sub-sector and marine transport services sector) using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) version 8. Simulation analysis showed an increase in productivity in the maritime sector has a positive impact on welfare, real GDP, and trade balance of Indonesia. However, the impact of the increase in productivity is not followed by an increase in output in all sectors. This indicates that if the increase in productivity occurs only in the maritime sector alone without being followed by an increase in productivity in other sectors, the sectoral performance is not optimal.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3403

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Shuster, Evelyne. "For Her Own Good: Protecting (and Neglecting) Women in Research." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5, no. 3 (1996): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007167.

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In gender mythology woman is nature, the embodiment of life, destruction, and death. Semantically encoded in good and evil, the one conceptual stability woman represents is ambivalence. As a walled garden in which nature works its demonic sorcery, she turns a gob of refuse into a spreading web of sentient being, floating on the snaky umbilical by which she leashes every man. But as an ontological entity, woman is the real First Mover. The pregnant woman is devilishly complete. She needs nothing and no one.2 Confronted with the terrible sense of woman's power, man is forced to wrestle with her nature to gain his identity, never to fall back into her. Man is the essential, the norm, the absolute One without reciprocity. Woman is “the Other, posed by the One to define itself, the inessential who never goes back to being the essential and the absolute Other without reciprocity.

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Yang, Minbo. "Semiclassical ground state solutions for a Choquard type equation in ℝ2 with critical exponential growth." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017007.

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In this paper we study a nonlocal singularly perturbed Choquard type equation $$-\varepsilon^2\Delta u +V(x)u =\vr^{\mu-2}\left[\frac{1}{|x|^{\mu}}\ast \big(P(x)G(u)\big)\right]P(x)g(u)$$ in ℝ2, where ε is a positive parameter, \hbox{$\frac{1}{|x|^\mu}$} with 0 < μ < 2 is the Riesz potential, ∗ is the convolution operator, V(x), P(x) are two continuous real functions and G(s) is the primitive function of g(s). Suppose that the nonlinearity g is of critical exponential growth in ℝ2 in the sense of the Trudinger-Moser inequality, we establish some existence and concentration results of the semiclassical solutions of the Choquard type equation in the whole plane. As a particular case, the concentration appears at the maximum point set of P(x) if V(x) is a constant.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reel mower'

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