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Journal articles on the topic 'Reference-dependent choice'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nosratabadi, Hassan. "Reference-dependent choice under plurality rule." Mathematical Social Sciences 115 (January 2022): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2021.10.008.

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2

Bhatia, Sudeep. "Comparing theories of reference-dependent choice." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 43, no. 9 (2017): 1490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000384.

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3

Bhatti, Mehwish, Hyeran Jang, Jerald D. Kralik, and Jaeseung Jeong. "Rats exhibit reference-dependent choice behavior." Behavioural Brain Research 267 (July 2014): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.012.

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4

Armouti-Hansen, Jesper, and Christopher Kops. "Managing anticipation and reference-dependent choice." Journal of Mathematical Economics 112 (June 2024): 102988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2024.102988.

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5

Kibris, Özgür, Yusufcan Masatlioglu, and Elchin Suleymanov. "A Random Reference Model." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 16, no. 1 (2024): 155–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20220089.

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We provide two nested models of random reference-dependent choice in which the reference point is endogenously determined by random processes. Random choice behavior is due to random reference points, even though, from the decision-maker’s viewpoint, choices are deterministic. Through a revealed preference exercise, we establish when and how one can identify the reference-dependent preferences and the random reference rule from observed choice data. We also present behavioral postulates that characterize the empirical content of our models. Lastly, we investigate an application of our model to

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6

Puerta, Inmaculada R., and José Luis Pinto. "Can reference-dependent loss aversion explain choice behaviour?" Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 117 (August 2025): 102389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2025.102389.

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7

Site, Paolo Delle, and Francesco Filippi. "Stochastic user Equilibrium with Reference-dependent Route Choice and Endogenous Reference Points." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 54 (October 2012): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.772.

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8

Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman. "Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model." Quarterly Journal of Economics 106, no. 4 (1991): 1039–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2937956.

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9

Freeman, David J. "Expectations-Based Reference-Dependence and Choice Under Risk." Economic Journal 129, no. 622 (2019): 2424–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12639.

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Abstract This article characterises the behavioural content of a model of choice under risk with reference-dependent preferences and endogenous expectations-based reference points based on the preferred personal equilibrium model of Kőszegi and Rabin (2006). The combination of reference-dependent preferences and endogenous reference points leads to violations of the Independence Axiom and can also lead to violations of the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference. An axiomatic characterisation shows that the model places testable restrictions on choice under risk.

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PIERCE, ALLAN D., and DING LEE. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE REFERENCE WAVENUMBER IN COMPUTATIONAL OCEAN ACOUSTICS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 01, no. 01 (1993): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x93000056.

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A class of ocean acoustic propagation problems can be solved efficiently by the Parabolic Equation (PE) approximation method. The application of the PE method for the prediction of wave propagation introduces a new parameter, the reference wavenumber k0. This requires selection of the most appropriate k0, which is related to the reference sound speed c0. The influence on the acoustic field by the choice of c0 is rarely visible under weak range-dependent environments. Even if it is visible, the difference is small and is usually negligible since the present judicious choice of the c0 seems to p

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Habib, Muhammad Ahsanul, and Eric J. Miller. "Reference-Dependent Residential Location Choice Model within a Relocation Context." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2133, no. 1 (2009): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2133-10.

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12

Ok, Efe A., Pietro Ortoleva, and Gil Riella. "Revealed (P)Reference Theory." American Economic Review 105, no. 1 (2015): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20111046.

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This paper develops axiomatically a revealed preference theory of reference-dependent choice behavior. Instead of taking the reference for an agent as exogenously given in the description of a choice problem, we suitably relax the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference to obtain, endogenously, the existence of reference alternatives as well as the structure of choice behavior conditional on those alternatives. We show how this model captures some well-known choice patterns such as the attraction effect. (JEL D11, D81)

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13

Masatlioglu, Yusufcan, and Collin Raymond. "A Behavioral Analysis of Stochastic Reference Dependence." American Economic Review 106, no. 9 (2016): 2760–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140973.

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We examine the reference-dependent risk preferences of Kőszegi and Rabin (2007), focusing on their choice-acclimating personal equilibria. Although their model has only a trivial intersection (expected utility) with other reference-dependent models, it has very strong connections with models that rely on different psychological intuitions. We prove that the intersection of rank-dependent utility and quadratic utility, two well-known generalizations of expected utility, is exactly monotone linear gain-loss choice-acclimating personal equilibria. We use these relationships to identify parameters

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14

Lempert, Karolina M., Paul W. Glimcher, and Elizabeth A. Phelps. "Emotional arousal and discount rate in intertemporal choice are reference dependent." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 144, no. 2 (2015): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000047.

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15

Li, Tongfei, Huijun Sun, Jianjun Wu, and Der-Horng Lee. "Household Residential Location Choice Equilibrium Model Based on Reference-Dependent Theory." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 146, no. 1 (2020): 04019024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000534.

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16

Langtry, Alastair. "Keeping Up with “The Joneses”: Reference-Dependent Choice with Social Comparisons." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 15, no. 3 (2023): 474–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20220088.

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Keeping up with “The Joneses” matters. This paper examines a model of reference-dependent choice where reference points are determined by social comparisons. An increase in the strength of social comparisons, even by only a few agents, increases consumption and decreases welfare for everyone. Strikingly, a higher marginal cost of consumption can increase welfare. In a labor market, social comparisons with coworkers create a big fish in a small pond effect, inducing incomplete labor market sorting. Further, it is the skilled workers with the weakest social networks who are induced to give up in

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Pradana, Bayu Laksma. "Efek Pemikatan (Attraction Effect) dan Bias Status Quo Sebuah Eksperimen dalam Perilaku Pengambilan Keputusan Portofolio Keuangan." Jurnal Bina Akuntansi 8, no. 2 (2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52859/jba.v8i2.179.

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The reference dependent preference plays a significant role in individual choice behavior. Introducing a third option which is asymmetrical dominated to the dominating option can influence one’s decision. The status quo, endowment and attraction or decoy effect are the main noises. Such noises are proof to counter the rational choice theory. This paper tries to observe the status quo and decoy effect. Existence of those two effects are examined in experimental observation with 32 respondents. Questionnaires are set for respondents to dig information about how their answers contain choices. Two

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18

Dhar, Ravi, and Klaus Wertenbroch. "Consumer Choice between Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods." Journal of Marketing Research 37, no. 1 (2000): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.37.1.60.18718.

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In this article, the authors examine how consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods is influenced by the nature of the decision task. Building on research on elaboration, the authors propose that the relative salience of hedonic dimensions is greater when consumers decide which of several items to give up (forfeiture choices) than when they decide which item to acquire (acquisition choices). The resulting hypothesis that a hedonic item is relatively preferred over the same utilitarian item in forfeiture choices than in acquisition choices was supported in two choice experiments. In

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Post, Thierry, Martijn J. van den Assem, Guido Baltussen, and Richard H. Thaler. "Deal or No Deal? Decision Making under Risk in a Large-Payoff Game Show." American Economic Review 98, no. 1 (2008): 38–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.1.38.

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We examine the risky choices of contestants in the popular TV game show “Deal or No Deal” and related classroom experiments. Contrary to the traditional view of expected utility theory, the choices can be explained in large part by previous outcomes experienced during the game. Risk aversion decreases after earlier expectations have been shattered by unfavorable outcomes or surpassed by favorable outcomes. Our results point to reference-dependent choice theories such as prospect theory, and suggest that path-dependence is relevant, even when the choice problems are simple and well defined, and

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20

Park, Hyeon. "Loss Aversion and Consumption Plans with Stochastic Reference Points." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 16, no. 1 (2016): 303–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2014-0100.

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AbstractThis paper studies the making of risky choices following loss aversion with endogenous reference expectations under the two schemes of state-independent and state-dependent stochastic reference points. Using a tractable, intertemporal choice model, this paper derives analytic solutions to show that, when loss aversion is high, the reference-dependent decision maker saves a markedly larger amount than is predicted by the standard model. When the loss aversion is low (i.e. the individual is loss-tolerant), the overall result is ambiguous, although the decision maker may deviate into cons

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21

Neuman, Einat, and Shoshana Neuman. "Reference-dependent preferences and loss aversion: A discrete choice experiment in the health-care sector." Judgment and Decision Making 3, no. 2 (2008): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001509.

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AbstractThis study employs a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) in the health-care sector to test the loss aversion theory that is derived from reference-dependent preferences: The absolute subjective value of a deviation from a reference point is generally greater when the deviation represents a loss than when the same-sized change is perceived as a gain. As far as is known, this paper is the first to use a DCE to test the loss aversion theory. A DCE is a highly suitable tool for such testing because it estimates the marginal valuations of attributes, based on deviations from a reference point

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22

Castro, Luis E., Yuan Ren, and Nazrul I. Shaikh. "A Reference Point Logit Model for Estimating Substitution Probabilities Using Point of Sale Data." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 4 (2018): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2018100102.

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This article presents a practical approach to estimate the substitution probabilities between products at a retail store by using the store's point of sale data and prospect theory based structural restrictions on the consumer choice behavior. The prospect theory-based reference dependent preference structure imposed on the consumer choice behavior (a) accounts for how consumers make their original choice as well as how they substitute, (b) eliminates the IIA and IPS assumptions that the standard utility theory based models impose on consumer choice, and (c) alleviates the need for inventory i

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23

Gudimenko, A. I. "Covariant hydrodynamics of Hamiltonian systems." Dal'nevostochnyi Matematicheskii Zhurnal 21, no. 2 (2021): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47910/femj202114.

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The theory of hydrodynamic reduction of non-autonomous Hamiltonian mechanics (V. Kozlov, 1983) is presented in the geometric formalism of bundles over the time axis R. In this formalism, time is one of the coordinates, not a parameter; the connections describe reference frames and velocity fields of mechanical systems. The equations of the theory are presented in a form that is invariant with respect to time-dependent coordinate transformations and the choice of reference frames.

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24

Hashidate, Yosuke. "Social Image Concern and Reference Point Formation." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 21, no. 1 (2020): 19–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2018-0075.

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Abstract This paper develops an axiomatic context-dependent model of social image concerns. Allowing for context-dependence based on choice sets, it examines how context-dependence impacts social image concerns, in particular how a decision maker exhibits various social emotions stemming from their intrinsic reference point, which may not be captured by conforming to social norms. To elicit the intrinsic reference point, this paper provides weaker versions of Strategic Rationality and Independence, in addition to the basic axioms, to characterize the model of the Reference-Dependent Image-Cons

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25

Mao, Biqi, Changlin Ao, Jingxia Wang, and Lishan Xu. "The Importance of Loss Aversion in Public Preferences for Wetland Management Policies: Evidence from a Choice Experiment with Reference-Dependent Discrete Choice Model." Wetlands 40, no. 3 (2019): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01195-2.

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26

Kim, Junghun, Hyunchan Seung, Jongsu Lee, and Joongha Ahn. "Asymmetric preference and loss aversion for electric vehicles: The reference-dependent choice model capturing different preference directions." Energy Economics 86 (February 2020): 104666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104666.

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27

Woodford, Michael. "Prospect Theory as Efficient Perceptual Distortion." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.41.

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The paper proposes a theory of efficient perceptual distortions, in which the statistical relation between subjective perceptions and the objective state minimizes the error of the state estimate, subject to a constraint on information processing capacity. The theory is shown to account for observed limits to the accuracy of visual perception, and then postulated to apply to perception of options in economic choice situations as well. When applied to choice between lotteries, it implies reference-dependent valuations, and predicts both risk-aversion with respect to gains and risk-seeking with

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28

BERNARD, CAROLE, STEVEN VANDUFFEL, and JIANG YE. "OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO UNDER STATE-DEPENDENT EXPECTED UTILITY." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 21, no. 03 (2018): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024918500139.

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We derive the optimal portfolio for an expected utility maximizer whose utility does not only depend on terminal wealth but also on some random benchmark (state-dependent utility). We then apply this result to obtain the optimal portfolio of a loss-averse investor with a random reference point (extending a result of Berkelaar et al. (2004) Optimal portfolio choice under loss aversion, The Review of Economics and Statistics 86 (4), 973–987). Clearly, the optimal portfolio has some joint distribution with the benchmark and we show that it is the cheapest possible in having this distribution. Thi

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Foquet, Bert, and Hojun Song. "There is no magic bullet: the importance of testing reference gene stability in RT-qPCR experiments across multiple closely related species." PeerJ 8 (August 3, 2020): e9618. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9618.

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Reverse Transcriptase quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) is the current gold standard tool for the study of gene expression. This technique is highly dependent on the validation of reference genes, which exhibit stable expression levels among experimental conditions. Often, reference genes are assumed to be stable a priori without a rigorous test of gene stability. However, such an oversight can easily lead to misinterpreting expression levels of target genes if the references genes are in fact not stable across experimental conditions. Even though most gene expression studies fo

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de Vries, Lourens. "From clause conjoining to clause chaining in Dumut languages of New Guinea." Studies in Language 34, no. 2 (2010): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.2.04vri.

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The Dumut languages Mandobo, South Wambon and North Wambon are a subgroup of the Awyu-Dumut family. They form a dialect chain that represents stages of the development from clause conjoining with independent verb forms to clause chaining with dependent verb forms that express switch-reference. South Wambon represents the first stage in which there is coordination reduction of tense and subject person-number suffixes in thematic continuity conditions. This process created three verb types: fully finite verbs; semi-finite verbs and non-finite verbs. Coordination reduction leaves the coordinating

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Marshall, Jill. "Giving birth but refusing motherhood: inauthentic choice or self-determining identity?" International Journal of Law in Context 4, no. 2 (2008): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174455230800205x.

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AbstractIssues of what personal autonomy and identity means are investigated in the context of the European Court of Human Rights’ development of Article 8’s right to respect one’s private life into a right to personal autonomy, identity and integrity with particular reference to French anonymous birthing as explored by that court in Odièvre v France and feminist literature on mothering and autonomy. Although much critiqued by feminists, personal autonomy has been reconceptualised to mean something of worth to women. Yet, this version of autonomy can diverge into two directions in terms of ind

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Virtanen, Arja, Veli Kairisto, and Esa Uusipaikka. "Regression-based reference limits: determination of sufficient sample size." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 11 (1998): 2353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.11.2353.

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Abstract Regression analysis is the method of choice for the production of covariate-dependent reference limits. There are currently no recommendations on what sample size should be used when regression-based reference limits and confidence intervals are calculated. In this study we used Monte Carlo simulation to study a reference sample group of 374 age-dependent hemoglobin values. From this sample, 5000 random subsamples, with replacement, were constructed with 10–220 observations per sample. Regression analysis was used to estimate age-dependent 95% reference intervals for hemoglobin concen

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33

Barnbrook, Geoff. "Sinclair on collocation." Words, grammar, text: revisiting the work of John Sinclair 12, no. 2 (2007): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.2.06bar.

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This paper reassesses the description of collocation given by Sinclair in Chapter 8 of Corpus, Concordance, Collocation, in particular the implications of this description for models of language production and interpretation, contrasting the open choice and idiom principles. The concepts of independent and dependent meanings are explored, along with the relationship between texts and grammar. The arguments put forward in the Chapter are evaluated against collocation evidence obtained from a large reference corpus.

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34

Kim, Kyungah, Jinseok Kim, Subin Park, Jongsu Lee, and Junghun Kim. "Amachine learning technique embedded reference-dependent choice model for explanatory power improvement: Shifting of reference point as a key factor in vehicle purchase decision-making." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 191 (January 2025): 103130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2024.103130.

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35

Dedov, I. I., I. I. Sitkin, Z. E. Belaya, et al. "The first experience with selective blood collection from the inferior petrosal sinuses in Russia (case reports)." Problems of Endocrinology 55, no. 6 (2009): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl200955611-16.

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This paper reports two clinical cases of ACTH-dependent hypercorticism. Difficulties encountered in differential diagnosis of this condition were due to poor informative value of routine diagnostic methods. The use of selective blood collection from the inferior petrosal sinuses (for the first time in Russia) greatly facilitated the choice of the adequate treatment strategy. A detailed description of clinical features of ACTH-dependent hypercorticism in two young women is presented along with the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. Technical aspects of selective blood collection fr

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Caruso, Rosario, Grazia Laura Gambino, Monica Scordino, Leonardo Sabatino, Pasqualino Traulo, and Giacomo Gagliano. "Gas Chromatographic Quantitative Analysis of Methanol in Wine: Operative Conditions, Optimization and Calibration Model Choice." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 12 (2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601237.

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The influence of the wine distillation process on methanol content has been determined by quantitative analysis using gas chromatographic flame ionization (GC-FID) detection. A comparative study between direct injection of diluted wine and injection of distilled wine was performed. The distillation process does not affect methanol quantification in wines in proportions higher than 10%. While quantification performed on distilled samples gives more reliable results, a screening method for wine injection after a 1:5 water dilution could be employed. The proposed technique was found to be a compr

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Kim, Junghun, Stephen Youngjun Park, and Jongsu Lee. "Do people really want renewable energy? Who wants renewable energy?: Discrete choice model of reference-dependent preference in South Korea." Energy Policy 120 (September 2018): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.062.

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Lagerkvist, Carl Johan, Anne Normann, and Annika Åström. "Product satisfaction in food choice is multiple-reference dependent: Evidence from an in-store non-hypothetical consumer experiment on bread." Food Quality and Preference 56 (March 2017): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.09.006.

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39

Arnold, Jennifer E. "Hearing Pronouns Primes Speakers to Use Pronouns." Open Mind 9 (2025): 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00178.

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Abstract Speaking requires frequent decisions about how to refer, for example whether to use a pronoun (she) or a name (Ana). It is well known that this choice is guided by the discourse context, but little is known about the representations that are activated. We use priming to test whether this choice can be facilitated through recent exposure, and if so, what representations are activated. In a storytelling task, participants take turns with experimenters telling a story that is illustrated in 2-panel cartoons. The first sentence is given, and participants describe the second panel in their

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Zamuner, Stefano, Flavio Seno, and Antonio Trovato. "Statistical potentials from the Gaussian scaling behaviour of chain fragments buried within protein globules." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0254969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254969.

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Knowledge-based approaches use the statistics collected from protein data-bank structures to estimate effective interaction potentials between amino acid pairs. Empirical relations are typically employed that are based on the crucial choice of a reference state associated to the null interaction case. Despite their significant effectiveness, the physical interpretation of knowledge-based potentials has been repeatedly questioned, with no consensus on the choice of the reference state. Here we use the fact that the Flory theorem, originally derived for chains in a dense polymer melt, holds also

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Nechaev, Dmitry I., Olga N. Milekhina, Marina S. Tomozova, and Alexander Y. Supin. "High Ripple-Density Resolution for Discriminating Between Rippled and Nonrippled Signals: Effect of Temporal Processing or Combination Products?" Trends in Hearing 25 (January 2021): 233121652110101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211010163.

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The goal of the study was to investigate the role of combination products in the higher ripple-density resolution estimates obtained by discrimination between a spectrally rippled and a nonrippled noise signal than that obtained by discrimination between two rippled signals. To attain this goal, a noise band was used to mask the frequency band of expected low-frequency combination products. A three-alternative forced-choice procedure with adaptive ripple-density variation was used. The mean background (unmasked) ripple-density resolution was 9.8 ripples/oct for rippled reference signals and 21

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de Oliveira, Pablo Gustavo, Amanda Senna Pereira dos Santos, and Elza Daniel de Mello. "Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle: Utility in clinical practice." International Journal of Nutrology 05, no. 03 (2012): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704007.

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ABSTRACTThe choice of the best nutrition assessment method in hospitalized patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to review the use of phase angle (PA) in clinical practice. PA is a parameter obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis, being a derived measure from the relationship between resistance and reactance. Because PA is dependent on body cell mass (BCM) and cell membrane functions, it has been considered a prognostic marker in several clinical conditions. BCM reflects the cellular components responsible for energy transfer and biochemical activity and is considered

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Azimi, Mohammad, Mehdi Habibi, and Hamidreza Karimi-Alavijeh. "An organic, threshold voltage based, all PMOS, voltage reference generator for flexible sensor tags." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 4 (2021): 045015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac43f9.

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Abstract The developments and advances achieved in organic semiconductors have promised lower costs for integrated circuit production and also fabrication of electronic circuits using printed technology on unconventional substrates such as plastic, clothing, and even skin. An important building block essential to most electronic circuits is a voltage, process, and temperature independent potential generator which can be used to bias amplifiers and produce a fixed reference for sensor devices. The generation of a voltage reference is also important for voltage regulators. Currently, most report

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Deepaen, Wanida. "Research and Development of the ASEAN Cartoon Lesson using the Communicative Language Teaching Approach and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 6, no. 2 (2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v6i2.715.

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Cartoon pictures help to encourage students’ attention and bring joy to learning English. Cartoon lessons efficiently support students’ English language achievements. This research aimed to develop the ASEAN cartoon lesson using the communicative language teaching approach (CLT) and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) for secondary school students. The ASEAN cartoon lesson was used to teach M.2 students for 22 hours. Then, interviews, a multiple-choice test, questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to collect data that were analysed by content analysis,

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Dong, Zhenfei, Binhui Zhan, and Shifang Li. "Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus-Infected Cucumis sativus." Viruses 14, no. 6 (2022): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061269.

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Several members of the genus Ilarvirus infect fruit trees and are distributed worldwide. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) is one of the most prevalent viruses, causing significant losses. Cucumis sativus can be infected by several ilarviruses, leading to obvious symptoms, including PNRSV, which suggests that cucumbers could be good hosts for the study of the pathogenesis of ilarviruses. Real-time quantitative PCR is an optimal choice for studying gene expression because of its simplicity and its fast and high sensitivity, while its accuracy is highly dependent on the stability of the ref

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Eremeyev, Victor A. "Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 26, no. 8 (2021): 1173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10812865211021640.

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Using an unified approach based on the local material symmetry group introduced for general first- and second-order strain gradient elastic media, we analyze the constitutive equations of strain gradient fluids. For the strain gradient medium there exists a strain energy density dependent on first- and higher-order gradients of placement vector, whereas for fluids a strain energy depends on a current mass density and its gradients. Both models found applications to modeling of materials with complex inner structure such as beam-lattice metamaterials and fluids at small scales. The local materi

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A.Sharafeddin, Omar, Donald J. Kouri, and David K. Hoffman. "Time-dependent treatment of scattering: potential referenced and kinetic energy referenced modified Cayley approaches to atom–diatom collisions and time-scale separations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 2 (1992): 686–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-091.

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The time-dependent Lippmann–Schwinger equation describing atom–diatom collisions is expressed in terms of a general reference Hamiltonian, Hr, whose dynamics are easily solved in one representation, and a corresponding disturbance Hamiltonian, Hd, whose dynamics are easily solved in a different representation. The wavefunction at time t + τ t is then expressed in terms of its value at a previous time t by means of a simple quadrature approximation. The resulting expression for ψ(t + τ) has a form similar to that occurring in earlier numerical unitary solutions to the time-dependent Schrodinger

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Keefer, Quinn Andrew Wesley. "Why Do People Support the Underdog?" International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 4, no. 4 (2015): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2015100102.

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The choice to be a sports fan may seem irrational in many circumstances, especially when considering fans of teams that are less successful than average. The large amount of evidence showing people are loss averse may make the decision to be a sports fan seem even more irrational. However, this paper presents a model of reference-dependent preferences that predicts being a sports fan, even of an underdog, is an optimal decision. The model predicts it can be optimal to be a fan of a less successful team, even if the individual is loss averse, only cares about game outcomes and believes the team

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Huang, Hui Hsin. "Predicting the Duration of Manufacturing Process with Two Complement Materials." Key Engineering Materials 709 (September 2016): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.709.46.

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In the marketing, there are some correlated between two complement materials when predicting the duration of manufacturing process. Two different kinds of materials are complementary if using more of one material requires the use of more of another. Thus, based on this view of point, when we estimate the production demand quantity, we can’t consider these two durations of manufacturing process as dependent. In this paper we propose the bivariate exponential distribution to model two related manufacturing durations of two complement materials. Finally, we demonstrate both MLE and moment methods

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Ratna Ayu Damayanti, Darmawati Darmawati,. "Financial Performance Information and Voters’ Behaviorfor the Re-election of Incumbent Regional Heads." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.780.

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The aim of the research is to examine the extent to which performance information influences the voters’ behavior in the re-election of the ruling regional head. Based on information content theory and Rational Choice Theory empirically in analyzing the incumbent re-election relationship as the dependent variable, and financial performance variables consisting of financial independence, the level of budget absorption, and the ratio of debt to income.This research used quantitative research method with secondary data sources from 215 incumbents. Sample selection was purposive sampling. Data wer

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