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Journal articles on the topic 'Reference duration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

de Jong, Joost, Elkan G. Akyürek, and Hedderik van Rijn. "A common dynamic prior for time in duration discrimination." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28, no. 4 (2021): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01887-z.

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AbstractEstimation of time depends heavily on both global and local statistical context. Durations that are short relative to the global distribution are systematically overestimated; durations that are locally preceded by long durations are also overestimated. Context effects are prominent in duration discrimination tasks, where a standard duration and a comparison duration are presented on each trial. In this study, we compare and test two models that posit a dynamically updating internal reference that biases time estimation on global and local scales in duration discrimination tasks. The i

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Chillemi, Gaetana, Francesco Corallo, Alessandro Calamuneri, et al. "Biases of Temporal Duration Judgements in Visual and Auditory System." Psych 4, no. 3 (2022): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych4030033.

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Background: There is evidence that temporal duration is spatially represented on a horizontal mental timeline (MTL) with relatively short durations represented on the left and long duration on the right side. Most of this evidence comes from the visual domain. Objective: With the present study, we investigated whether temporal duration judgements of visual and auditory stimuli might be affected by spatial biases in time representation. Methods: Participants were asked to estimate the temporal duration of a target with respect to a reference stimulus. Two different exposure times were used for

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Fitzgibbons, Peter J., and Sandra Gordon-Salant. "Age Effects on Measures of Auditory Duration Discrimination." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 3 (1994): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.662.

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This study examined auditory temporal sensitivity in young adult and elderly listeners using psychophysical tasks that measured duration discrimination. Listeners in the experiments were divided into groups of young and elderly subjects with normal hearing sensitivity and with mild-to-moderate sloping sensorineural hearing loss. Temporal thresholds in all tasks were measured with an adaptive forced-choice procedure using tonal stimuli centered at 500 Hz and 4000 Hz. Difference limens for duration were measured for tone bursts (250 msec reference duration) and for silent intervals between tone

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Poulsen, Torben, and Søren Vase Legarth. "Reference hearing threshold levels for short duration signals." International Journal of Audiology 47, no. 10 (2008): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992020802203330.

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Crawford, Joel, Antonios Gasparis, and Nicos Labropoulos. "Reflux Duration Reference Data From the Vascular Laboratory." Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 8, no. 2 (2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.031.

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6

De Lurdes Delgado, Maria, and Sylvie Droit-Volet. "Testing the representation of time in reference memory in the bisection and the generalization task: The utility of a developmental approach." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, no. 6 (2007): 820–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210600790471.

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This study examined the effect of the variability of representation of durations in reference memory on temporal discrimination performance in children aged 5 and 8 years as well as in adults using a bisection (Experiment 1) and a generalization task (Experiment 2). In each task, the participants were familiarized before the blocks of tested trials with either the same referent duration values (fixed condition) or a distribution of referent duration values, with a mean equal to the referent durations used in the fixed condition and a .20 coefficient of variation (variable condition). The resul

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Ramanathan, Arun, Pierre-Antoine Versini, Daniel Schertzer, Remi Perrin, Lionel Sindt, and Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia. "Stochastic simulation of reference rainfall scenarios for hydrological applications using a universal multi-fractal approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 24 (2022): 6477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6477-2022.

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Abstract. Hydrological applications such as storm-water management usually deal with region-specific reference rainfall regulations based on intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves. Such curves are usually obtained via frequency analysis of rainfall and exceedance probability estimation of rain intensity for different durations. It is also common for reference rainfall to be expressed in terms of precipitation P, accumulated in a duration D, with a return period T. Meteorological modules of hydro-meteorological models used for the aforementioned applications therefore need to be capable of s

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Chukova, S., and V. E. Gauzelman. "Size Distortions: Space-Time Interaction." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970102.

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We used a modified method of constant stimuli to measure spatial interval discrimination thresholds. Horizontal intervals were indicated by a pair of dark vertical lines on a bright background. In each experimental session, thresholds were measured for seven reference stimuli, presented in random order. Reference stimulus separations varied from 9.52 to 16.66 min−1 in increments of 1.95 min−1. The interstimulus interval (ISI) was varied (50, 200, 500, and 1000 ms) between experimental sessions. Stimulus duration was constant at 500 ms. For all ISI durations, the point of subjective equality (P

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Çoşkun, Filiz, Zeynep Ceyda Sayalı, Emine Gürbüz, and Fuat Balcı. "Optimal time discrimination." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 68, no. 2 (2015): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.944921.

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In the temporal bisection task, participants categorize experienced stimulus durations as short or long based on their similarity to previously acquired reference durations. Reward maximization in this task requires integrating endogenous timing uncertainty as well as exogenous probabilities of the reference durations into temporal judgements. We tested human participants on the temporal bisection task with different short and long reference duration probabilities (exogenous probability) in two separate test sessions. Incorrect categorizations were not penalized in Experiment 1 but were penali

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10

Zimmermann, Eckart. "The reference frames in saccade adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 7 (2013): 1815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00743.2012.

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Saccade adaptation is a mechanism that adjusts saccade landing positions if they systematically fail to reach their intended target. In the laboratory, saccades can be shortened or lengthened if the saccade target is displaced during execution of the saccade. In this study, saccades were performed from different positions to an adapted saccade target to dissociate adaptation to a spatiotopic position in external space from a combined retinotopic and spatiotopic coding. The presentation duration of the saccade target before saccade execution was systematically varied, during adaptation and duri

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Aksenov, Gennady. "REFERENCE POINT OF GEOLOGICAL TIME." LIFE OF THE EARTH 43, no. 2 (2021): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2023.0514-7468.2020_43_2/172-184.

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In the earth sciences, there is a persistent contradiction between modern ideas about the age of the planet and the concept of V.I. Vernadsky about the geological eternity of life. According to Vernadsky, the absolute age of the rock indicates only the time of its last metamorphism, but not the age of the Earth. It is no coincidence that the pregeological substance of a cosmic formation of the planet has not been found. Such substance does not exist because any mineral complex and rock begins to form in the hypergenesis zone. Vernadsky argued that geological history was equal in duration to th

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Barbosa, Plinio A., and Luís H. G. Alvarenga. "The Interplay between Syllabic Duration and Melody to Indicate Prosodic Functions in Brazilian Portuguese Story Retelling." Languages 9, no. 8 (2024): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9080268.

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This paper investigates the relationship between syllabic duration and F0 contours for implementing three prosodic functions. Work on rhythm usually describes the evolution of syllable-sized durations throughout utterances, rarely making reference to melodic events. On the other hand, work on intonation usually describes linear sequences of melodic events with indirect references to duration. Although some scholars have explored the relationship between these two parameters for particular functions, to our knowledge, there has been no investigation on the systematic correlation between syllabi

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Yoon, Jongsik, and Ilhan Yu. "ESTIMATING NORMAL DURATION OF RENOVATION FOR MULTISTORY APARTMENT BUILDING CONSIDERING EXTENSION-TYPE RENOVATION PROJECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 2 (2019): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.8024.

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Normal (typical) project duration is estimated at the initial stage of a renovation project and is an important reference for project control. However, its estimation has not been researched extensively owing to the complexity and uncertainties of renovation. Thus, a model was developed for predicting the duration of sustainable apartment renovation. Experts were asked to estimate a baseline schedule for extension-type renovation projects, factors that influence critical path activities, and the range of project durations considering these factors. An equation for estimating the duration of a

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BARAS, S., L. KRUPELNITSKYI, and O. ONYSCHUK. "MEASUREMENT OF NARROWBAND RESISTANCE FREQUENCY RADIO SIGNAL OF LIMITED DURATION." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-56-63.

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The work concerns analog-digital systems that work with radio signals emitted and received by the antenna, and these signals have a limited duration, ie are pulsed. The propagation conditions of such signals and the processes of formation of echo signals affect their amplitude, frequency and phase characteristics in such a way that they form classical narrowband signals. The operation of the system involves the determination of certain parameters of echo signals, and taking into account their pulse nature for such a definition is given a limited time interval. This means that the procedure for

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15

Piłat, Robert. "Duration of Things and Duration of Culture." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy ENGLISH EDITION, no. 1 (2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2019ee.01.02.

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This article discusses the relation between temporal existence of things and the persistence of culture. The material and the immaterial aspects of culture are quite different in relation to time. According to philosopher Karl R. Popper, meanings, senses and ideas belong to a separate non- -temporal realm of being. They come about in time but henceforth they exist non-temporarily. Their existence, unlike that of physical objects, does not depend on keeping a delicate balance between the change and identity − it is not based on struggle against time. But on the other hand, their seemingly non-t

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Kawada, Tomoyuki. "Long Working Hours and Obesity with Special Reference to Sleep Duration." Journal of Occupational Health 56, no. 5 (2014): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0001-letter.

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17

Iglowstein, I., O. G. Jenni, L. Molinari, and R. H. Largo. "Sleep Duration From Infancy to Adolescence: Reference Values and Generational Trends." PEDIATRICS 111, no. 2 (2003): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.2.302.

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18

Beitel, David, Spencer McNee, Fraser McLaughlin, and Luis F. Miranda-Moreno. "Automated Validation and Interpolation of Long-Duration Bicycle Counting Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 43 (2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783123.

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Bicycle flow data is crucial for transportation agencies to evaluate and improve cycling infrastructure. Average annual daily bicyclists (AADB) is commonly used in research and practice as a metric for cycling studies such as ridership analysis, infrastructure planning, and injury risk. AADB is estimated by averaging the daily cyclist totals measured throughout the year using a long-term automated bicycle counter, or by using long-term bicycle counting data to extrapolate data from a short-term counting site. Extrapolation of a short-term bicycle counting site requires an accurate and complete

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19

Smith, Peter J. K. "Task Duration in Contextual Interference." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3_suppl (2002): 1155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1155.

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Duration of practice trial on a pursuit rotor task in contextual interference was investigated. Participants practiced at each of 4 angular velocities, with 24 participants completing 28 trials lasting 20 sec., and 24 participants completing 112 trials of 5 sec. Half of the participants in each trial-duration condition practiced in a blocked format and half practiced in a random format. After random practice posttest performance was better than blocked practice when practice-trial duration was 20 sec., but worse when practice-trial duration was 5 sec. This result is not consistent with theoret

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20

Pugliese, A., A. Castellarin, and A. Brath. "Geostatistical prediction of flow-duration curves." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (2013): 13053–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13053-2013.

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Abstract. We present in this study an adaptation of Topological kriging (or Top-kriging), which makes the geostatistical procedure capable of predicting flow-duration curves (FDCs) in ungauged catchments. Previous applications of Top-kriging mainly focused on the prediction of point streamflow indices (e.g. flood quantiles, low-flow indices, etc.). In this study Top-kriging is used to predict FDCs in ungauged sites as a weighted average of standardised empirical FDCs through the traditional linear-weighting scheme of kriging methods. Our study focuses on the prediction of period-of-record FDCs

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21

Zhao, N., X. Zeng, and H. Sun. "Impact of global dimming on reference evapotranspiration in Hai River basin, China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-287-2015.

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Abstract. Global radiation can impact the surface energy balance and hydrological cycle. This study analysed changes in global radiation in Hai River basin, China during 1960 to 2012. Global radiation decreased significantly from 1960 to 1989 and increased from 1990 to 2012, which has been described as “from dimming to brightening”. Sunshine duration was used as a proxy index where radiation records were unavailable. Results showed that sunshine duration (for 45 stations) show a significant decreasing trend from 1960 to 2012, which was a little different to global radiation (for 6 stations) du

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22

Argue, A. N. "Hipparcos: Its Link to an Extragalactic Reference Frame." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 127 (1991): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100063570.

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23

Taoum, Aline, Alexis Bisiaux, Florian Tilquin, Yann Le Guillou, and Guy Carrault. "Validity of Ultra-Short-Term HRV Analysis Using PPG—A Preliminary Study." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207995.

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Continuous measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) in the short and ultra-short-term using wearable devices allows monitoring of physiological status and prevention of diseases. This study aims to evaluate the agreement of HRV features between a commercial device (Bora Band, Biosency) measuring photoplethysmography (PPG) and reference electrocardiography (ECG) and to assess the validity of ultra-short-term HRV as a surrogate for short-term HRV features. PPG and ECG recordings were acquired from 5 healthy subjects over 18 nights in total. HRV features include time-domain, frequency-domain,

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Garibaldi, Solange G., and Anamarli Nucci. "Dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve conduction: reference values." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60, no. 2B (2002): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2002000300001.

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We investigated the reference values of the dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve (DUC) sensory nerve conduction (SNC) in 66 healthy individuals. Measurements were processed using stimulating electrodes positioned between the ulnar bone and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, 11-13 cm proximal to the active electrode recording. Superficial recording electrodes were placed on the fourth intermetacarpal space. The mean sensory conduction velocity (SCV) in males was 63.7 -- 0.16 x age ± 3.36 m/s and in females was 57.7 ± 3.37 m/s. The mean sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude in males was 19.5 ± 1

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Rogerson, Steph Schem. "The Idiosyncratic Archive: Queerness, Duration and Photography." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 15, no. 1-2 (2018): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v15i1-2.334.

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Author(s): Steph Schem Rogerson Title (English): The Idiosyncratic Archive: Queerness, Duration and Photography Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje  Page Range: 94-101 Page Count: 8 Citation (English): Steph Schem Rogerson, “The Idiosyncratic Archive: Queerness, Duration and Photography,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018): 94-101.

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Scurry, Alexandra N., Daniela M. Lemus, and Fang Jiang. "Temporal Alignment but not Complexity of Audiovisual Stimuli Influences Crossmodal Duration Percepts." Multisensory Research 35, no. 2 (2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10062.

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Abstract Reliable duration perception is an integral aspect of daily life that impacts everyday perception, motor coordination, and subjective passage of time. The Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) is a common model that explains how an internal pacemaker, gated by an external stimulus-driven switch, accumulates pulses during sensory events and compares these accumulated pulses to a reference memory duration for subsequent duration estimation. Second-order mechanisms, such as multisensory integration (MSI) and attention, can influence this model and affect duration perception. For instance, diver

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Lenkart, Joe, and Jen-chien Yu. "Specialized Reference Services at Illinois: Reference Transactional Analysis and Its Implications for Service Providers and Administrators." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56.4.268.

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As reference service environments continue to evolve, service providers and administrators are encountering numerous challenges and opportunities. This article examines the specialized reference services at the University of Illinois. Using reference transactional data from two academic years (69,630 transactions), this study focuses on five specialized service points and two general service points. Moreover, this study analyzed READ Scale scores, duration of the transaction, question type, and subject area covered during these transactions.

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Tafti, Mehdi, Eric Villemin, Bertrand Carlander, Alain Besset, and Michel Billiard. "Sleep in Human Narcolepsy Revisited with Special Reference to Prior Wakefulness Duration." Sleep 15, no. 4 (1992): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/15.4.344.

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Bordonskii, G. S., and A. V. Filatov. "Null radiometer with pulse-duration modulation of reference signal and digital output." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 35, no. 8 (1992): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01047215.

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Shearer, L., J. Mishra, B. Sherridan, and S. Hope. "Contemporary Australian Children Have Longer Exercise Duration Compared to 1978 Reference Values." Heart, Lung and Circulation 22 (January 2013): S243—S244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.580.

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Nishizawa, Daisuke, Shinya Kasai, Junko Hasegawa, et al. "Association betweenAKT1Gene Polymorphism rs2498794 and Smoking-Related Traits with reference to Cancer Susceptibility." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/316829.

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To clarify the potential role of variability within and around theAKT1gene in smoking behaviors, we performed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of theAKT1gene in an elderly Japanese cohort. Genotypes of the rs2498794 SNP, which is located in the fifth intron region of theAKT1gene, were marginally but significantly associated with smoking duration in the total 999 samples of former and current smokers. Interestingly, this SNP had a marginally significant association with individual cancer history (past and current), especially in groups with a shorter smoking duration (<44 year

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Chandran KS, Subhash, Chandra Sekhar Seelamantula, and Supratim Ray. "Duration analysis using matching pursuit algorithm reveals longer bouts of gamma rhythm." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 3 (2018): 808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00154.2017.

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The gamma rhythm (30–80 Hz), often associated with high-level cortical functions, is believed to provide a temporal reference frame for spiking activity, for which it should have a stable center frequency and linear phase for an extended duration. However, recent studies that have estimated the power and phase of gamma as a function of time suggest that gamma occurs in short bursts and lacks the temporal structure required to act as a reference frame. Here, we show that the bursty appearance of gamma arises from the variability in the spectral estimator used in these studies. To overcome this

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Lee, Jae Hyun, Eunkyung Kim, Hyung-Seok Shim, et al. "Reference Standard of Median Nerve Conduction Study in Korea." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 48, no. 4 (2024): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.240015.

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Objective: To establish the reference standard of the median nerve conduction study (NCS) in Korea.Methods: A total of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory NCSs from 349 Korean healthy volunteers were tested and analyzed prospectively. Equipment calibration, assessment of intraand inter-rater reliability, and the NCSs per se were conducted according to a predetermined protocol. A reference standard was established from uncertainty components for the following parameters: the onset and peak latencies; the baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes; the area and duration of the negative wav

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Lu, Chunyang, Hao Sun, Jinyu Huang, et al. "Long-Term Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4845059.

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Sleep patterns have been associated with the development of cancers, although the association between sleep duration and breast cancer remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between sleep duration and breast cancer risk. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response relationship. Data from 415,865 participants were derived from 10 studies. A J-shaped nonlinear trend was found between sleep duration and breast cancer incidence (Pnon-linear = 0.012); compared with the reference h

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Chou, Jui-Sheng, and Ji-Wei Lin. "Risk-Informed Prediction of Dredging Project Duration Using Stochastic Machine Learning." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061643.

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Dredging engineering projects are complex because they involve greater uncertainty from the natural environment, social needs, government policy and many stakeholders. Engineering companies submit tenders that draw on similar cases undertaken in recent years. However, weather, earthquakes, typhoons and other disasters often change landforms. Therefore, evaluating the duration of dredging projects with reference to only a few previous cases is inadequate, often leading to an unnecessarily long construction duration if the scope of the project is not clearly defined at the early phase. The goal

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Huang, Hui Hsin. "Predicting the Duration of Manufacturing Process with Two Complement Materials." Key Engineering Materials 709 (September 2016): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.709.46.

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In the marketing, there are some correlated between two complement materials when predicting the duration of manufacturing process. Two different kinds of materials are complementary if using more of one material requires the use of more of another. Thus, based on this view of point, when we estimate the production demand quantity, we can’t consider these two durations of manufacturing process as dependent. In this paper we propose the bivariate exponential distribution to model two related manufacturing durations of two complement materials. Finally, we demonstrate both MLE and moment methods

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Chun, Min-Young, Jeong-hoon Kim, and Ju-Seop Kang. "Relationship between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Risk of Anemia: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094721.

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The importance of sleep has been gaining more and more attention nowadays. It has been widely studied that some major health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases or mortality, are closely related to the extreme ends of sleep durations. Anemia is one of the health problems in modern society. In this study, we aimed to find a relationship between anemia occurrence and sleep duration. Data of 11,131 Korean adults aged 19 years or older were recruited from the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed in this cross-sectional study. ‘Anemia’ was defined in thi

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Muharam, Andika, Abdi Wahab, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "Improved fingerprinting performance in indoor positioning by reducing duration of the training phase process." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (2021): 236–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp236-244.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) can be used as a solution to find out the position of an object that cannot be reached by global positioning system (GPS), for example to find out the position of objects in a room known as Indoor Positioning. One method in indoor positioning that can be used is fingerprinting. Inside there are two main work phases, namely training and positioning. The training phase is the process of collecting received signal strength indication (RSSI) data levels from each sensor Node reference that will be used as a reference value for the positioning phase. The more sensor No

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Eichenbaum, Martin, Nir Jaimovich, and Sergio Rebelo. "Reference Prices, Costs, and Nominal Rigidities." American Economic Review 101, no. 1 (2011): 234–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.1.234.

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We assess the importance of nominal rigidities using a new weekly scanner dataset. We find that nominal rigidities take the form of inertia in reference prices and costs, defined as the most common prices and costs within a given quarter. Reference prices are particularly inertial and have an average duration of roughly one year, even though weekly prices change roughly once every two weeks. We document the relation between prices and costs and find sharp evidence of state dependence in prices. We use a simple model to argue that reference prices and costs are useful statistics for macroeconom

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Argue, A. N. "Hipparcos – Link with Extragalactic Reference Frames." Highlights of Astronomy 7 (1986): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600007188.

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AbstractThe link of the Hipparcos Catalogue to an extragalactic reference system will be carried out on two time-scales: the first, coinciding with the duration of the mission, to provide data for immediate use by the data reduction consortia, and the second over a longer term to provide for subsequent reappraisal of the final Hipparcos catalogue. The first will be based on radio stars and on an indirect link to extragalactic objects by means of observations with the Hubble Space Telescope; for the second we hope for longer term programmes with the Hubble Space Telescope, together with a varie

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Acharya, Samyukta, Chitra Thapa, Nisha Shrestha, and Pawan Kumar Hamal. "Duration of Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: An Observational Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 62, no. 280 (2024): 823–27. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8841.

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Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is effective for upper limb surgeries, with ropivacaine offering prolonged action. Adding dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant may enhance block duration and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the mean duration of anesthesia with dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks.Methods: A observational cross-section study was conducted among patients undergoing supraclavicular brachial plexus block for elective upper limb surgery in a tertiary care center. The block was performed using ultrasound-guided, si

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Câmara, Guilherme Schmidt, Kristian Nymoen, Olivier Lartillot, and Anne Danielsen. "Timing Is Everything…Or Is It? Effects of Instructed Timing Style, Reference, and Pattern on Drum Kit Sound in Groove-Based Performance." Music Perception 38, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.38.1.1.

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This study reports on an experiment that tested whether drummers systematically manipulated not only onset but also duration and/or intensity of strokes in order to achieve different timing styles. Twenty-two professional drummers performed two patterns (a simple “back-beat” and a complex variation) on a drum kit (hi-hat, snare, kick) in three different timing styles (laid-back, pushed, on-beat), in tandem with two timing references (metronome and instrumental backing track). As expected, onset location corresponded to the instructed timing styles for all instruments. The instrumental referenc

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Pogliani, Fabio C., Eduardo H. Birgel Junior, Bruno M. Monteiro, José H. H. Grisi Filho, and Raquel F. S. Raimondo. "The normal electrocardiogram in the clinically healthy Saanen goats." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 12 (2013): 1478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013001200014.

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The purpose of this study was to establish normal reference electrocardiographic (ECG) values for standard limb lead II in Saanen goats. For this, were used 19 healthy adult female Saanen goats. And for reference values for the ECG parameters, were used 95% confidence level. The overall P, Q, R, S and T durations (seconds) were 0.03±0.01, 0.02±0.005, 0.03±0.014, 0.03±0.011, 0.06±0.014 respectively, and the reference values were 0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.02, 0.01-0.06, 0.02-0.04 and 0.04-0.08 respectively. The amplitudes (milivolts) of these waveforms were 0.1±0.031, 0.06±0.023, 0.44±0.312, 0.39±0.434,

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Muharam, Andika, Abdi Wahab, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "Improved fingerprinting performance in indoor positioning by reducing duration of the training phase process." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (2021): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp236-244.

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<span>Wireless <span>sensor network (WSN) can be used as a solution to find out the position of an object that cannot be reached by global positioning system (GPS), for example to find out the position of objects in a room known as Indoor Positioning. One method in indoor positioning that can be used is fingerprinting. Inside there are two main work phases, namely training and positioning. The training phase is the process of collecting received signal strength indication (RSSI) data levels from each sensor Node reference that will be used as a reference value for the positioning p

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Kumar Singh, Pankaj, Mohit Bhatnagar, Sandeep Nimba Deore, et al. "ROLE OF PNEUMONIA SEVERITY INDEX AND CURB-65 SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR DURATION OF HOSPITAL STAY." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (2020): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11922.

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Aim and Objective: To investigate the role of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 score in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with reference to Duration of hospital stay. Methods:In our study a total of 100 patients of COPD with acute exacerbation were included in the study from the tertiary care Centre, Kolkata for a period of 12 months from December 2015 to November 2016. Results: The relationship between Respiratory rate, Arterial pH, Urea and BUN levels, Blood glucose, Hematocrit level, pO2 as well as PSI and CURB-65 score in reference with duration of hospital was found to be signi

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Poudel, Bibek, Ankush Mittal, Rojeet Shrestha, Ashwini Kumar Nepal, and Pramod Shanker Shukla. "Prostate Biomarkers with Reference to Body Mass Index and Duration of Prostate Cancer." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 13, no. 5 (2012): 2149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2149.

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Karg, Michelle, Wolfgang Seiberl, Florian Kreuzpointner, Johannes-Peter Haas, and Dana Kulic. "Clinical Gait Analysis: Comparing Explicit State Duration HMMs Using a Reference-Based Index." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 23, no. 2 (2015): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2014.2362862.

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James, Ian R. "UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION: MODELLING AND ESTIMATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL SURVEY." Australian Journal of Statistics 31A, no. 1 (1989): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1989.tb00980.x.

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Simon, Andrew, and Lauren Klimetz. "Magnitude, Frequency, and Duration Relations for Suspended Sediment in Stable (“Reference”) Southeastern Streams1." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44, no. 5 (2008): 1270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00222.x.

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Kitsara, Gianna, Georgia Papaioannou, Athanasios Papathanasiou, and Adrianos Retalis. "Dimming/brightening in Athens: Trends in Sunshine Duration, Cloud Cover and Reference Evapotranspiration." Water Resources Management 27, no. 6 (2012): 1623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0229-4.

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