Journal articles: 'Reference (Linguistics) Relevance. Pragmatics'

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Kalisz, Roman. "A Concept of General Meaning: Selected Theories in Comparison to Selected Semantic and Pragmatic Theories." Research in Language 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-012-0024-6.

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The paper discusses a concept of general meaning with reference to various relevant semantic and pragmatic theories. It includes references to Slavic axiological semantics (e.g. Krzeszowski (1997); Puzynina (1992)), Wierzbicka’s (e.g. 1980, 1987) atomic expressions and classical pragmatics theories, such as speech acts, Gricean theory of conversational implicature, politeness theory and and relevance theory.

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Xie, Chaoqun, and Juliane House. "Some aspects of pragmatics." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.2.10xie.

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Part of current pragmatics research aims at opening up new avenues of inquiry by revisiting and revising some of its central topics and keywords, such as implicature, explicature, truth, varieties of meaning, meaning inference, relevance, politeness, and face. This review article attempts to contribute to this endeavor by making some comments on and beyond Kecskes and Horn’s (2007) Explorations in Pragmatics: Linguistic, Cognitive and Intercultural Aspects. With reference to certain Chinese linguistic and interactional actualities, this paper argues, among other things, that a speaker who conveys some truth to a hearer does not necessarily mean that the speaker is committed to that truth, that people with little social power may also manipulate the power of words in actual interaction, and that when it comes to making politeness evaluations, what one does may turn out to be more important and decisive than what one says.

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Vaughan, Elaine, and Brian Clancy. "The pragmatics of Irish English." English Today 27, no. 2 (June 2011): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078411000204.

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The utterance It's raining (of great relevance to the Irish!) can have a variety of different meanings according to who says it, to whom one is talking, and where it is said, amongst other things. The fact that language in use (whether in spoken or written mode) is obviously much more than the sum of its constituent parts – the individual sounds that make up words, the combinations of words that create sentences or utterances, the meaning that can be derived from different words and combinations thereof – has been what has driven pragmatics as a discipline, from its origins in the philosophy of language. Initially, what drove the research agenda was the potential of words to perform acts, or speech act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969), and later, the complexities of the relationship between what is said and what is meant, the study of conversational implicatures (Grice, 1975) or ‘how people can understand one another beyond the literal words that are spoken’ (Eelen, 2001: 2). Pragmatics is now an inherently inter-disciplinary approach which has as its central orientation this study of, essentially, how speaker meaning is interpreted in context. Critical to interpretation is the concept of context itself, a complex and multi-layered notion involving cultural setting, speech situation and shared background assumptions (Goodwin and Duranti, 1992). Linguistic choices made by conversational participants can simultaneously encode situational indices of position and time, and interpersonal and cultural indices such as power, status, gender and age. Pragmatic research comprises a diverse range of research strands including how linguistic choices encode politeness (Brown and Levinson, 1987; Watts, 2003), reference and deixis (Levinson, 2004) and the relationship between domain specific discourse, such as workplace or media discourse, and specialised pragmatic characteristics (O'Keeffe, Clancy and Adolphs, 2011). Thus, pragmatics provides, as Christie (2000: 29) maintains, ‘a theoretical framework that can account for the relationship between the cultural setting, the language user, the linguistic choices the user makes, and the factors that underlie those choices’.

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Wedgwood, Daniel. "Dissimilarities in Perspective: a Reply to Kjøll." International Review of Pragmatics 3, no. 2 (2011): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731011x597550.

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AbstractRelevance theorists have claimed that successful communication need result only in similarity, not identity, of mental representations across communicator and addressee. Cappelen and Lepore have criticised this stance, partly on the basis that any definition of similarity must make reference to identity. Accepting this point, Kjøll (2010) argued in this journal that Relevance Theory has an appropriate notion of identical "shared content", in the shape of relevant contextual implications. While this is convincing on a technical level, Relevance Theory owes no such concessions to Cappelen and Lepore, and Kjøll's observations would in any case fail to meet their theoretical requirements. This relates to an important but under-appreciated distinction in analytical perspective that is instantiated in the difference between the cognitive pragmatics of Relevance Theory and the philosophical-semantic approach of Cappelen and Lepore – a distinction that is worthy of further reflection, having significant implications for linguistic theory, within and beyond pragmatics.

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Babarczy, Anna, Andrea Balázs, and Fruzsina Krizsai. "Preschoolers’ Metaphor Comprehension. Methodological Issues in Experimental Pragmatics." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2019-0017.

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AbstractThere exists a variety of theoretical frameworks attempting to account for the nature, comprehension, and use of everyday metaphor. Since these frameworks use different operational definitions of metaphor, they tend to view the psycholinguistic process of comprehending metaphorical language and the various factors that may play a role in metaphor processing from different perspectives. The first part of the paper briefly summarizes four of these theoretical approaches to everyday metaphor (Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Similarity Theory, Relevance Theory, and the Optimal Innovation Hypothesis) and discusses some consequences of the diversity of theories that present a puzzle or prove to be undesirable for empirical research. The areas discussed include the various dimensions of metaphor categorization, the role of linguistic context, and the effects of linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive skills of the comprehender. Drawing on the discussion in the first part, the second part of the paper outlines an experiment designed with reference to Giora’s Optimal Innovation Hypothesis in which preschoolers’ metaphor comprehension is explored as a function of the familiarity of the expression’s literal meaning and the perceived creativity of the metaphorical use. This experiment further explores the relationship between children’s metaphor comprehension and other cognitive abilities such as intention attribution. This method allows us to quantify metaphor comprehension and preference in the context of pragmatic development and general cognitive skills.

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SERRATRICE, LUDOVICA. "The role of discourse pragmatics in the acquisition of subjects in Italian." Applied Psycholinguistics 26, no. 3 (July 2005): 437–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716405050241.

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This longitudinal study investigates the distribution of null and overt subjects in the spontaneous production of six Italian-speaking children between the ages of 1 year, 7 months and 3 years, 3 months. Like their peers acquiring other Romance null-subject languages, the children in this sample produced more overt subjects as their mean length of utterance in words (MLUW) increased. Pronominal subjects, and specifically first person pronouns, accounted for an increasingly larger proportion of the overt subjects used. The distribution of both pronominal and lexical subjects was further investigated as a function of the informativeness value of a number of pragmatically relevant features. The results showed that as early as MLUW 2.0 Italian-speaking children can use null and overt subjects in a pragmatically appropriate way. The relevance of these findings is discussed with reference to performance limitation and syntactic accounts of subject omission, and implications are drawn for a model of language development that incorporates the mastery of pragmatics in the acquisition of syntax.

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Matsui, Tomoko. "Pragmatic criteria for reference assignment." Pragmatics and Cognition 6, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 47–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.6.1-2.06mat.

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In the study of reference assignment, the question of what pragmatic criteria are used to evaluate the resulting interpretation seems not yet to have been properly dealt with. This paper addresses the issue by examining factors which affect the acceptability of various cases of bridging reference. It demonstrates that even highly successful accounts of reference assignment which place major emphasis on accessibility factors, e.g. the accessibility of candidate referents and the accessibility of contextual assumptions, must nonetheless involve some pragmatic criterion with which hearers can evaluate the resulting interpretation. Moreover, it argues that the pragmatic criterion used in reference assignment is not the truth-based one, which has been widely accepted, but the criterion of consistency with the principle of relevance proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1986/1995). Various accounts are tested against a wide range of examples on which I have conducted experimental tests with several sets of subjects.

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Melnikova, Irina. "Intermedial references and signification: Perception versus conception." Semiotica 2020, no. 236-237 (December 16, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0098.

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AbstractThe paper focuses on the issue of intermedial references, the matters of conditions, necessity and relevance of their interpretation. It discusses the question of semantic value of an intermedial reference rather than of its aesthetic, pragmatic, modal or other aspects. It considers the lack of coherence between the theoretical propositions of intermedial studies, grounded in the studies of intertextuality, and the practice of analysis. In theory, every intermedial reference configures semantic dialogue between qualified media (configurations), thus requires conceptualisation. Yet, the practice of analysis reveals that some of them perform exclusively aesthetic function and invite to keep reception within the limits of perception. Therefore I make an attempt to define the criteria of textual request for conceptualisation/interpretation set up in a text as such. I propose to revise the relevant insights of different intertextual and semiotic approaches, to perform their revision, modification and extension, to articulate possible solution and exemplify it by filmic references to painting.

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Randviir, Anti. "From systematic semiotic modelling to pseudointentional reference." Sign Systems Studies 47, no. 1/2 (August 8, 2019): 8–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2019.47.1-2.01.

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Societies as open social systems work through semiotic modelling systems. We view their relevance for shaping primary and secondary needs, as well as metaneeds that are conditioned in social systems. Through conditioning in socialization, semiotic reality can be naturalized up to a level where we can start speaking about not only unconscious, but also unintentional semiosic activity. By that, the very realm of indexicality will be questioned. If indexicality is conjoined with unintended referentiality, then unintentional semiosis means the blurring and fusion of realities far beyond the so-called simulacral semiotic spaces. It is especially acute in the context of the development of technological availabilities where the physical, the semiotic, and the purely virtual reality merge. That quite novel phenomenon is exemplified by semiotic insularization. What follows is that it is hard to define the research object, for the subject is fading away, the real and the virtual are intermingling also in terms of their inhabitants (biological humans, computer users, avatars, virtual identities). Thus the pragmatic dimension of semiotics is gradually becoming lost. Also, the referential reality is moving farther from the informational space created and represented in “traditional” discursive flows, rather becoming based on pseudoreferential clues of meaning making.

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Al-Kharabsheh, Aladdin. "Quality in consecutive interpreting." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.1.03alk.

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Abstract Given the lack of sensitization to the multi-dimensional concept of quality, and given the versatility of the concept of relevance, the present investigation attempts to examine the premise that Relevance Theory (RT) can function as a standard or a benchmark for maximizing and/or optimizing quality in CI. Whilst the theoretical part relies heavily on Ernst-August Gutt’s seminal work Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context (2000), the practical part draws on some empirical data obtained from trainee-interpreters’ recorded sessions at the Hashemite University (Jordan) in order to provide a relevance-driven account for some semantic, syntactic, and cultural difficulties and problems in CI. The study arrives at the main conclusion that the degree of quality in CI largely depends on the degree of relevance achieved by the interpreter’s TL version, i.e., quality in CI would rise exponentially with the degree of relevance achieved by the interpreter’s TL version. The study also concludes that the pragmatic RT can be considered a reliable instrument, a reliable frame of reference, or a reliable screening system that can ensure both relevance-building and a correspondingly concomitant quality-building in CI, i.e., RT can possibly fine-tune the interpreters’ performance in the booth.

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Mikenberg, Irene, Newton C. A. da Costa, and Rolando Chuaqui. "Pragmatic truth and approximation to truth." Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, no. 1 (March 1986): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273956.

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There are several conceptions of truth, such as the classical correspondence conception, the coherence conception and the pragmatic conception. The classical correspondence conception, or Aristotelian conception, received a mathematical treatment in the hands of Tarski (cf. Tarski [1935] and [1944]), which was the starting point of a great progress in logic and in mathematics. In effect, Tarski's semantic ideas, especially his semantic characterization of truth, have exerted a major influence on various disciplines, besides logic and mathematics; for instance, linguistics, the philosophy of science, and the theory of knowledge.The importance of the Tarskian investigations derives, among other things, from the fact that they constitute a mathematical, formal mark to serve as a reference for the philosophical (informal) conceptions of truth. Today the philosopher knows that the classical conception can be developed and that it is free from paradoxes and other difficulties, if certain precautions are taken.We believe that is not an exaggeration if we assert that Tarski's theory should be considered as one of the greatest accomplishments of logic and mathematics of our time, an accomplishment which is also of extraordinary relevance to philosophy, as we have already remarked.In this paper we show that the pragmatic conception of truth, at least in one of its possible interpretations, has also a mathematical formulation, similar in spirit to that given by Tarski to the classical correspondence conception.

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Unger, Christoph. "A cross-linguistic puzzle and its theoretical implications: Norwegian jo, German doch and ja, and an advertisement." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586518000197.

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It has long been recognised that at least some linguistic expressions —such as the connectives but in English and mais in French, and the particles doch in German and jo in Norwegian— function to affect the audience’s inference or reasoning processes rather than, or in addition to, provide conceptual content. There is a debate, however, whether the inference procedures triggered by these linguistic expressions function primarily to affect the audience’s recognition of the communicator’s arguments or primarily to guide the audience’s comprehension process. I discuss this question with reference to an instructive example from an advertisement in Norwegian. The advertisement is an argumentative text where the modal particle jo achieves subtle argumentational and stylistic effects that differ from those achieved by the corresponding German modal particles doch or ja. I demonstrate how the procedural semantic analyses independently developed by Berthelin & Borthen (submitted) of jo and Unger (2016a, 2016b, 2016c) of ja and doch support a pragmatic-semantic account of the argumentational effects of these particles. Although the semantics I propose for the respective particles does not directly relate to argumentation, it is specific enough to affect argumentation in predictable ways. The reason for this is that comprehension procedures and argumentation procedures closely interact in processing ostensive stimuli (such as verbal utterances) for optimal relevance.

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BEZUIDENHOUT, ANNE. "Pragmatics and Singular Reference." Mind & Language 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.1996.tb00038.x.

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Chrissou, Marios. "Interlinguale Faktoren für die Erfassung des Lernschwierigkeitsgrads von Phrasemen des Deutschen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von DaF-Lernenden mit Griechisch als Muttersprache." Yearbook of Phraseology 9, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2018-0007.

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Abstract Ιn phraseodidactic research there is a broad agreement upon the fact that collocational fluency is a significant factor of language fluency. For this reason high frequency and common set phrases with a high relevance in written and oral communication should be subject to systematic teaching. However, we still have insufficient knowledge about the proper learning progression that accounts for an adequate sequence of introducing set phrases according to the degree of difficulty in the lesson of German as a foreign language. Progression is not to be organized in purely formal terms, but rather in terms that involve factors such as the age, the genre, the association with speech acts and the L1-knowledge. Especially the formal, semantic and pragmatic congruency of L1 and L2 is an essential factor that affects the degree of difficulty and subsequently the burden of learning associated with set phrases. The present study focuses on a subset of the phraseological core vocabulary (“Optimum”) by Hallsteinsdottir et al. (2006) which consists of the 142 representative, i.e. frequent and common, set phrases in German. It aims to determine their difficulty degree for learners with Greek as L1 by highlighting the interlingual equivalence relations by means of methods of contrastive linguistics: L1-L2 proximity is assumed to have a positive impact on learning reducing the learning burden, whereas lack of proximity is assumed to increase the difficulty degree. In line with the results of the interlingual contrastive survey, proposals are formulated for a comprehensible learning progression that provides continuity in the development of phraseological competence based on the common reference levels of language proficiency.

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Wright, Sue Ellen, and T. Givón. "The Pragmatics of Indefinite Reference." Studies in Language 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.11.1.02wri.

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De Cock, Barbara, and Neus Nogué Serrano. "The pragmatics of person reference." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 96–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.1.05dec.

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Abstract In this article, we show through a contrastive analysis of person reference in Catalan and Spanish parliamentary discourse, that it is paramount to take into account not only syntactic but also pragmatic factors in order to adequately analyse the differences between two languages that have rather similar morphological paradigms. Thus, we will show that singular deictics are used more widely in Spanish parliamentary discourse, whereas plural forms are preferred in Catalan, which is possibly related to more general cultural features and to the political system as a whole. Furthermore, we will discuss differences in the use of the formal address forms. Finally, we will show that some differences in the use of vocatives may be due to the debating styles and history of the respective parliaments.

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Rosales Sequeiros, Xose. "Metaphor: Pragmatics, Relevance and Cognition." English Studies 97, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 656–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2016.1183956.

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Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. "Pedagogical linguistics." Pedagogical Linguistics 1, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pl.19013.bar.

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Abstract The positive effects of instruction on the acquisition of second-language pragmatics has been well documented by numerous recent published studies (81 in the 10 years between Rose, 2005, and Bardovi-Harlig, 2015), but we have yet to see a corresponding increase in the teaching of pragmatics in second and foreign language classrooms or language textbooks. This article explores some of the potential causes for the lack of implementation of pragmatics instruction in second and foreign language classrooms (Skyes, 2013) and suggests means of overcoming such challenges. Pedagogical linguistics, in the form of pedagogical pragmatics, offers insight into meeting the challenges of limited theoretical support for curricular development, lack of authentic input in teaching materials, lack of instructor knowledge, and lack of reference books and pedagogical resources for teachers. The final challenge for pedagogical linguistics and pragmatics researchers is conveying relevant research findings to teachers; means for accomplishing this are discussed in the final section of the article.

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Popova, Olga, Irina Volkova, and Marina Fadeeva. "Localization and Internationalization of Texts of the Media Discourse." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.3.4.

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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the original and secondary texts of media discourse aimed at identifying the ways to localize and internationalize the verbal content of news websites. The study has been conducted on the material of news hypertexts in four languages – Russian, English, German and French, posted on the international Internet resource rt.com, Business Insider news portal, National Review newspaper, RTD Documentary Channel, L'Express journal. The authors substantiate the importance of using the terms 'localization' and 'internationalization' in translation studies to name inter-language transformations used in creating news messages, and analyze the definitions of these concepts in the frameworks of linguistics. The analysis shows that in many cases the standard translation model "source text – translation text", which presupposes a certain level of semantic equivalence, loses its relevance, since the secondary text is a new verbal product. It has been shown that the localized verbal space of the analyzed international media websites is created through the use of the following translation techniques: addition / omission of information in accordance with the pragmatic characteristics of readers, inclusion of culture-specific vocabulary in the secondary text, explication of toponyms and proper names, neutralization of imagery, omission of precision vocabulary, indication of a personal viewpoint of a secondary text's author, historical reference to allusions. It has also been revealed that internationalization of texts is performed through omission of cultural markers, addition of phrases emphasizing the view on the country "from outside", explication of toponyms, replacing proper names with generalized lexemes, as well as by indicating the positions of English-speaking countries on topical issues.

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Diez-Arroyo, Marisa. "The pragmatics of luxury." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 83 (July 9, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.70561.

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This paper investigates the lexical items used in online automobile advertising to characterize the motorcar as a luxury product. The main questions examined are, firstly, how certain words are interpreted as denoting luxury concepts by potential readers, and, secondly, whether luxury and non-luxury marques differ in the use of these units. The issues here are addressed from a double theoretical framework: a theory of luxury, which allows for the identification and classification of the vocabulary of luxury, and Relevance Theory, a pragmatic model which explains how words are subject to pragmatic modulation during interpretation, leading to the construction of ad hoc concepts.

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Foster-Cohen, Susan H. "Exploring the boundary between syntax and pragmatics: relevance and the binding of pronouns." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 1 (February 1994): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008734.

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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the interface between syntax and pragmatics, focusing on the binding of pronouns and the pragmatics of the paradigms used to test this aspect of syntactic knowledge. Reinhart's (1986) version of Binding Theory (which accords a specific role to pragmatics in processes of pronoun resolution) and Sperber & Wilson's (1986) Theory of Relevance are used to examine the syntax and pragmatics of pronoun interpretation. A set of predictions based on Relevance Theory are evaluated against published results of tests of Binding Theory. The paper concludes that Relevance Theory provides a means of understanding constraints on testing syntactic knowledge and argues that pragmatic factors must be systematically controlled in any evaluation of syntactic knowledge.

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Vignolo, Massimiliano. "On the Truth-Conditional Relevance of Modes of Presentation." Disputatio 5, no. 35 (May 1, 2013): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2013-0005.

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Abstract Anne Bezuidenhout 1996 presents an argument for the claim that modes of presentation associated with referential terms are truth-conditionally relevant. I argue that her argument is flawed in light of the very same view on the interplay between reference and pragmatics she endorses.

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Mahmood, Rauf Kareem. "The Dissolution of Linguistics and the Rise of Language with Reference to Pragmatics: A Deconstructive Approach." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp1-5.

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This paper presents a deconstructive approach to the current status of linguistics as the primary science that studies levels of linguistic analysis. The research hypothesizes that the term ‘linguistics’ cannot be expected to remain as an independent and robust concept. It is subject to dissolution under the main interdisciplinary outreach of the essential branches of linguistics: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The current paper, however, focuses on Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics. The research also hypothesizes that the relation of pragmatics to sociology and culture is stronger than the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. The main aim of the paper is to update the study of language in a way that goes beyond the closed domain of linguistics. Throughout the discussions and analyses of pragmatics between language and linguistics, it has been concluded that the study of language is in a persistent rise, whereas the domains of linguistics proper has condensed to limited fields.

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Jaszczolt, K. M. "Situated temporal reference: A case for compositional pragmatics?" Journal of Pragmatics 42, no. 11 (November 2010): 2898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.06.007.

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Yoko Mizuta. "Semantics and Pragmatics of Pure Indexical Reference." Journal of Cognitive Science 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2019.20.1.53.

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Lunde, Ingunn. "Rhetorical enargeia and linguistic pragmatics." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2004): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.1.04lun.

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Taking a combined theoretical and empirical approach, this essay studies the rhetorical implications of speech-reporting strategies in medieval East Slavic hagiography and homiletics. The author argues for a pragmatic approach to the study of a particular rhetorical concept: enargeia ‘the power of language to create a vivid presence of that which is set forth in words’. The first part of the article outlines the constitutive characteristics of enargeia, based on its treatment in rhetorical handbooks of Classical and Late Antiquity and on the rhetorical practice. Part two moves on to discuss reported speech as one possible field of study for an investigation of the “pragmatics of enargeia” at work in medieval texts, with a view to demonstrating the relevance of central pragmatic categories for the study of what one could call “enargetic rhetoric”. Examples are taken from Nestor of the Caves’ Life of Feodosij (eleventh century) and Kirill of Turov’s sermons (late twelfth century).

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Cohen, Andrew D. "Issues in the assessment of L2 pragmatics." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 16, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2020-0002.

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AbstractThis paper highlights areas of concern in the assessment of pragmatics, with the intent of stimulating fresh thinking about the assessment of pragmatics both for research purposes and as a part of classroom instruction. It starts by considering what aspects of ability in pragmatics to assess, and then contrasts the trade-off between the feasibility of obtaining data and the ultimate importance of the data. Next, the conspicuous lack of assessment of ability in L2 pragmatics in language classes is noted. Then follow sections on topics all relating primarily to the assessment of pragmatics for research purposes – the use of mixed methods, data elicitation procedures, and norms used in determining the appropriateness of any given performance in pragmatics. The last two topics deal, respectively, with the perceived relevance of the given assessment by the learners and with the value of collecting verbal report data from the respondents as a means for validating the assessment measures. Finally, considerations regarding the most prominent of these issues are provided.

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BURTON-ROBERTS, NOEL. "Robyn Carston on semantics, pragmatics and ‘encoding’." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (June 28, 2005): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003300.

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Robyn Carston,Thoughts and utterances: the pragmatics of explicit communication. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. Pp. x+408.Robyn Carston's Thoughts and utterances is, in every sense, a big book. The result of years of thinking about communication from a relevance-theoretic perspective, it is long, wide-ranging, rich, intricate, demanding and radical. And it is (or should be) controversial. Essential reading therefore for anyone with any interest in language and communication, philosophy of language, semantics and pragmatics.

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Piskorska, Agnieszka. "Editorial: Relevance Theory and Intercultural Communication Problems." Research in Language 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0005.

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This editorial to the special issue of RiL dedicated to relevance theory and problems of intercultural communication addresses the general requirements that a theory of communication must meet to be applicable to the analysis of intercultural communication. Then it discusses criticism levelled against Grice’s theory of conversational implicature and Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness on the grounds that these theories were not universal enough to be applied to all data. Finally, it offers some remarks on the applicability of relevance theory to intercultural pragmatics.

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Berthelin, Signe Rix, and Kaja Borthen. "The semantics and pragmatics of Norwegian sentence-internal jo." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 01 (May 2019): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586519000052.

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AbstractThe paper proposes a refined analysis of the semantics and pragmatics of the Norwegian non-truth-conditional adverb jo ‘after all, of course’. According to the literature, jo indicates that the proposition is ‘given’ in some sense or other. Based on new empirical investigations, we argue that the Relevance-theoretic notion mutual manifestness (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995, Blass 2000) accurately captures the givenness aspect of jo, and we demonstrate through authentic examples what it means for a proposition to be mutually manifest. In addition to mutual manifestness, jo signals that the proposition is a premise for deriving a conclusion. The conclusion often – but not always – opposes someone’s view. We argue that the frequent opposition interpretations are a consequence of the nature of the procedures encoded by jo. In addition to clarifying the semantic and pragmatic properties of jo, the paper sheds light on the Relevance-theoretic notion procedural semantics as well as illustrating its usefulness in the study of pragmatic particles.

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Marelj, Marijana. "In the south slavonic garden: landscaping the landscape od arguments and non-arguments." Linguistica 56, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.56.1.193-209.

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This paper deals with morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the so-called Cognate Object Construction with particular reference to Serbo-Croatian and Slovene. The relevance of an examination of such morphologically robust languages is manifold. It facilitates an understanding of some of the puzzling properties of the construction cross linguistically, offers a way of explaining the noted disagreement regarding judgments found in the literature on Germanic languages such as English and also presents a clear case where (contrary to the dominant view in the literature) morphology seems to deceive, rather than inform us, about syntax. Based on a barrage of tests, I argue that there are two types of cognate objects: arguments and non-arguments. Extending the treatment of modifiers within the Davidsonian tradition to the latter, I analyse them as first-order predicates. This allows me to capture their core properties, among which is the obligatory modification, something unaccounted for in the literature. The semantic parallelism between the adverbial modifiers and non-ACOs extends to the syntax as well. Treating non-ACOs as adjuncts solves the problem of the scarcity of syntactic space that arises with unaccusative verbs that license them. ACOs, on the other hand, behave syntactically and semantically like run-of-the-mill arguments and a run-of-the-mill transitive syntax can be maintained (for a majority of them) instead.

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Kim, Hyong-ju. "Reference Specificity, Comprehension of Pronouns and Levels of Representation." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 23, no. 1 (September 17, 1997): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v23i1.1284.

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Ruthrof, Horst. "Principles of Corporeal Pragmatics." Public Journal of Semiotics 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2007.1.8818.

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In response to recent findings in cognitive linguistics, the paper sums up the principles of ‘corporeal pragmatics’ as they have been developed so far. At the centre of the author’s perceptually oriented investigation of natural language stands the relation between natural language and perception. The paper charges the philosophy of language and linguistics with having for too long committed the sin of Wahrnehmungsvergessenheit, the forgetting of taking for ‘true’ what our senses tell us. The author proposes to redress this imbalance by an argument that linguistic meaning events rely essentially on the activation of empty linguistic schemata by conceptually regulated, iconic sign materials. Such a claim requires a redefinition of the Saussurean signified, the concept, reference and deixis and other terms in the vocabulary of the study of language. The paper concludes by suggesting that corporeal pragmatics has serious implications for disciplines well beyond philosophy, semiotics, and linguistics.

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Capone, Alessandro. "The pragmatics of quotation, explicatures and modularity of mind." Pragmatics and Society 4, no. 3 (October 28, 2013): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.4.3.01cap.

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This paper presents a purely pragmatic account of quotation which, it is argued, will be able to accommodate all relevant linguistic phenomena. Given that it is more parsimonious to explain the data by reference to pragmatic principles only than to explain them by reference to both pragmatic and semantic principles, as is common in the literature, I conclude that the account of quotation I present is to be preferred to the more standard accounts (including the alternative theories of quotation, discussed here).

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Zaki, Mai. "The Pragmatics of Arabic Religious Posts on Facebook: A Relevance-theoretic Account." Research in Language 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0002.

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Despite growing interest in the impact of computer-mediated communication on our lives, linguistic studies on such communication conducted in the Arabic language are scarce. Grounded in Relevance Theory, this paper seeks to fill this void by analysing the linguistic structure of Arabic religious posts on Facebook. First, I discuss communication on Facebook, treating it as a relevance-seeking process of writing or sharing posts, with the functions of ‘Like’ and ‘Share’ seen as cues for communicating propositional attitude. Second, I analyse a corpus of around 80 posts, revealing an interesting use of imperatives, interrogatives and conditionals which manipulate the interpretation of such posts between descriptive and interpretive readings. I also argue that a rigorous system of incentives is employed in such posts in order to boost their relevance. Positive, negative and challenging incentives link the textual to the visual message in an attempt to raise more cognitive effects for the readers.

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Schourup, Lawrence C. (Lawrence Clifford). "Relevance and Linguistic Meaning: The Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse Markers (review)." Language 80, no. 4 (2004): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0229.

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Zhang, Jianhua. "Cohesion, coherence and temporal reference from an experimental corpus pragmatics perspective." Pragmatics and Society 11, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.00034.zha.

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Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. "Grice in the wake of Peirce." Pragmatics and Cognition 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.12.2.06pie.

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I argue that many of the pragmatic notions that are commonly attributed to H. P. Grice, or are reported to be inspired by his work on pragmatics, such as assertion, conventional implicature, cooperation, common ground, common knowledge, presuppositions and conversational strategies, have their origins in C. S. Peirce’s theory of signs and his pragmatic logic and philosophy. Both Grice and Peirce rooted their theories in normative rationality, anti-psychologism and the relevance of assertions. With respect to the post-Gricean era of pragmatics, theories of relevance may be seen to have been geared, albeit unconsciously, upon Peirce’s pragmatic agenda.

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Yus, Francisco. "Pragmatics of humour in memes in Spanish." Humour in Spanish Context 18, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00070.yus.

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Abstract In this paper the discourse of a specific type of meme in Spanish, the image macro, is analysed, together with several ways in which memes generate humorous effects. Two main areas are addressed: (a) how humour arises from the processing of the text in the meme (decoding of the text plus further inferential enrichment); and (b) how humour relies on specific combinations of the text and the image in the meme. The pragmatic framework used in the analysis will be relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1995), which in previous research (especially Yus 2016) has proven to be a valid foundation for the analysis of humour.

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Fugard, Andrew J. B., Niki Pfeifer, and Bastian Mayerhofer. "Probabilistic theories of reasoning need pragmatics too: Modulating relevance in uncertain conditionals." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 7 (May 2011): 2034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.12.009.

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Wodak, Ruth. "Pragmatics and Critical Discourse Analysis." Pragmatics and Cognition 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2007): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.15.1.13wod.

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This paper discusses important and fruitful links between (Critical) Discourse Analysis and Pragmatics. In a detailed analysis of three utterances of an election speech by the Austrian rightwing politician Jörg Haider, it is illustrated in which ways a discourse-analytical and pragmatic approach grasps the intricacy of anti-Semitic meanings, directed towards the President of the Viennese Jewish Community. The necessity of in-depth context-analysis in multiple layers (from the socio-political context up to the co-text of each utterance) moreover emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when investigating such complex issues as racism and anti-Semitism as produced and reproduced in discourse. More specifically, the relevance of pragmatic devices such as insinuations, presuppositions and implicatures, is discussed when analyzing instances of ‘coded language’, i.e., utterances with indirect and latent racist and anti-Semitic meanings as common in official discourses in Western Europe.

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Aitken, Martin. "The English Possessive Marker in a Framework of Relevance." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 22, no. 43 (August 30, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v22i43.96877.

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English nominals constructed with the morpheme {-s} as a so-called possessive marker may be assigned an indeﬁnitely large number of interpretations depending on the context of utterance. This raises interesting questions concerning the interface between semantics and pragmatics, most obviously concerning the more speciﬁc nature of the contextually invariable encoded content of the morpheme as well as the contribution made by that content to the process of comprehension. This article aims brieﬂy to suggest one solution to these problems by proposing an underdetermined procedural semantics feeding into a principled cognitive process of inference as proposed within the framework of relevance theory.

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Erol, Ali E. "Book Review: Critical Pragmatics: An Inquiry Into Reference and Communication." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (May 20, 2013): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x12463822.

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Hickey, Raymond. "The pragmatics of grand in Irish English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.18.1.04hic.

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Abstract Over the past two centuries, the use of the adjective grand underwent a specific semantic expansion in Irish English. Apart from the meaning of ‘displaying grandeur’, the adjective came to mean ‘fine’, ‘alright’ and ‘in good form’, both as an expression of the speaker’s situation and as a reference to that of the addressee. This development can be shown to represent a case of subjectification, as described seminally by Elizabeth Traugott in various publications (e.g., Traugott 1995), with the element of intersubjectification arising somewhat later (Traugott 2003). Through the examination of various texts, this paper examines the diachronic development of grand in its various uses and the rise of the Irish English extension with a consideration of possible precursors and parallels in other varieties. The subjective and intersubjective uses of grand are labelled “approving grand” and “reassuring grand” respectively and are shown to be in keeping with other features of Irish discourse structure and pragmatics.

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Crane, Thera Marie. "Resultatives, progressives, statives, and relevance: The temporal pragmatics of the -ite suffix in Totela." Lingua 133 (September 2013): 164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2013.04.006.

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Burton-Roberts, Noel. "Thematic predicates and the pragmatics of non-descriptive definition." Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 1 (March 1986): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010550.

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The phenomenon that I describe in this paper is a specific class of indirectly conveyed meanings. The meanings involved are definitional, or partially definitional. Though conveyed by the utterance of sentences, they are not part of the meaning of those sentences. To begin with, I shall use the term ‘non-descriptive definition’ to refer to the act of conveying such a meaning by the utterance of a sentence that does not have that meaning. In due course, though, I shall refine the reference of that term.

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Ariel, Mira, and Yan Huang. "The Syntax and Pragmatics of Anaphora: A Study with Special Reference to Chinese." Language 72, no. 2 (June 1996): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416666.

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Zribi-Hertz, Anne. "The syntax and pragmatics of anaphora. A study with special reference to Chinese." Lingua 96, no. 2-3 (July 1995): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(95)90017-9.

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Ruiz, Graciela Fernández. "Crítica de Sequeiros (2010): Pragmatics and Relevance in Spanish: Utterance Interpretation and Communication." Spanish in Context 10, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.10.1.08fer.

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Alonso Almeida, Francisco. "The pragmatics of and-conjunctives in Middle English medical recipes." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.9.2.02alo.

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The present paper seeks to explore the multiple meanings of the conjunction and in Middle English medical recipes. The corpus used contains a total number of 6,300 words, mainly from the Middle English Medical Texts compiled by Taavitsainen, Pahta and Mäkinen (2005). The framework of analysis is Relevance Theory as in Sperber and Wilson (1995). Jucker (1993), Blakemore and Carston (1999), and Carston (2002) have proved that this theory can neatly describe the various functions and meanings of discourse markers, such as and, but and well. As I show in the conclusion, and constructions must be studied in detail so that we may identify their particular meaning, which is mostly context-dependent rather than semantically constrained. By doing so, we will have a better understanding of texts and this will benefit the comprehension of medieval English. Whether the meanings of and occur similarly in other genres is left for a future, contrastive analysis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reference (Linguistics) Relevance. Pragmatics'

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