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Journal articles on the topic 'Reference partial discharge calibrator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Khamlichi, Abderrahim, Fernando Garnacho, and Pascual Simón. "New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135955.

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A synthetic partial discharge (PD) calibrator has been developed to qualify PD analyzers used for insulation diagnosis of HVAC and HVDC grids including cable systems, AIS, GIS, GIL, power transformers, and HVDC converters. PD analyzers that use high-frequency current transformers (HFCT) can be qualified by means of the metrological and diagnosis tests arranged in this calibrator. This synthetic PD calibrator can reproduce PD pulse trains of the same sequence as actual representative defects (cavity, surface, floating potential, corona, SF6 protrusion, SF6 jumping particles, bubbles in oil, etc
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2

ID, ORCID, J. Klüss, J. Hällström, et al. "Comparison of partial discharge (PD) calibrators from 0.1 pC to 10 nC." Metrologia 62, no. 1A (2025): 01002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/62/1a/01002.

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Main text High-voltage partial discharge (PD) tests require calibration of PD measurement systems using PD calibrators which provide known values of the apparent charge. A set of travelling reference calibrators was circulated among 14 participating laboratories and each laboratory reported apparent change and rise time measured using their own procedures. Comparison reference values (CRV) were calculated for each nominal charge level and calibrator and reasonable agreement of apparent charge calibration was reached. However, agreement of rise time measurements was unexpectedly poor. The scatt
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3

Siegel, Martin, Sebastian Coenen, Michael Beltle, et al. "Calibration Proposal for UHF Partial Discharge Measurements at Power Transformers." Energies 12, no. 16 (2019): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163058.

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The continuous, non-intermitted service of electrical grids relies on the reliability of their assets, e.g., power transformers. Local insulation defects can result in serve failures such as breakdowns with severe subsequent costs. The prevention of such events is crucial. Hence, partial discharge (PD) activity at power transformers is evaluated directly in the factory before shipment. Additionally, PD activity can be monitored during service using the ultra-high frequency (UHF) method. In this contribution, a calibration procedure is proposed for the UHF method. The calibration process is req
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4

Siegel, Martin, Christoph Kattmann, Chandra Prakash Beura, Michael Beltle, and Stefan Tenbohlen. "Partial Discharge Monitoring of Power Transformers by Calibrated UHF Measurements." Journal of Energy - Energija 72, no. 4 (2024): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2023724514.

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Partial discharge (PD) measurement is an established technique to detect local defects in the oil/paper insulation. They can be measured by electrical PD measurements according to IEC 60270 or by electromagnetic measurements in the ultra-high frequency range (UHF: 300 MHz – 3 GHz). The electromagnetic emissions of PD are recorded using an UHF sensor which is inserted into the transformer tank. The importance of PD measurements is reflected in the standard for charge-based electrical measurements (IEC 60270). Because of the standard, apparent charge, QIEC, became an essential factor for determi
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5

Zheng, Xiang, and Jianwei Wang. "Design of a partial discharge calibrator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2803, no. 1 (2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2803/1/012029.

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Abstract A partial discharge calibrator is an instrument used to calibrate partial discharge detection equipment. Partial discharge refers to the phenomenon of partial discharge in insulating materials, which is one of the important indicators of aging and damage to insulating materials. A partial discharge calibrator can be used to detect and calibrate the sensitivity and accuracy of partial discharge detection equipment to ensure that it can accurately detect and monitor the partial discharge phenomenon in insulation materials, so as to timely detect and prevent the aging and damage of insul
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6

Krbal, Michal, Ludek Pelikan, Jaroslav Stepanek, Jaroslava Orsagova, and Iraida Kolcunova. "A Physical Calibrator for Partial Discharge Meters." Energies 12, no. 11 (2019): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112057.

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This article offers an alternative method of calibrating partial discharge meters for research and teaching purposes. Most current modern calibrators are implemented as precise voltage pulse sources with a coupling capacitor. However, our calibrator is based on the physical principles of dielectric materials distributed in a plane or space. Calibrator design is unique and there is an attempt to get closer to the behavior of the measured real objects. The calibration impulses are created by energy from a high voltage power supply at the specific or nominal value of the applied voltage. At the s
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7

Hu, Yun, Xing Zhang, Wei Dong Zhang, Qing Sen Sun, Ling Yu Cao, and Yue Hu. "Application of a Programmable Partial Discharge Calibrator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.288.

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This paper presents the application of a programmable partial discharge calibrator, which used to test the performance of four partial discharge measuring systems by injecting a program controlled known charge sequence into the device under test. Performance of linearity, response to opposite polarity pulses, pulse resolution time and response to random pulse sequence are compared and the results obtained show that the tests prescribed by the standards do not fully characterize the partial discharge measuring system behavior. A random partial discharge pulse sequence generated by this calibrat
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8

Pecorelli, M. A. "Miniature partial discharge calibrator synchronized by capacitive coupling." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 27, no. 1 (1992): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.123454.

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9

Chiampi, M., G. Crotti, Yue Hu, and A. Sardi. "Development and Application of a Programmable Partial Discharge Calibrator." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 58, no. 4 (2009): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2008.2007056.

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10

Hamoodi, Ali N., Safwan A. Hamoodi, and Rasha A. Mohammed. "Partial discharge calibrator of a cavity inside high-voltage insulator." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (2022): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0048.

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Abstract This article displayed the method of partial discharge (PD) measurement in high-voltage insulator and calibrating the effective element (capacitor) to enhance the PD signal. The cavity shapes were plate–plate, cylindrical and spherical inside the solid insulator. The proposed system enables from detecting the reverse and main discharge, respectively, through the rise and tail time of the pulses. PD that took place was bounded with internal cavities. Proteus simulator and Matlab simulation models were used to measure and display the PD signal. The results showed PD-calibrated waveforms
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11

Trotsenko, Yevgeniy, Olexandr Protsenko, Artem Nesterko, Volodymyr Chyzhevskyi, and Vladyslav Mykhailenko. "CALIBRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION FOR MEASURING PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN LOW CAPACITANCE INSULATION SAMPLES." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 5(130) (October 27, 2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.5.97-102.

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Purpose. The method for calibrating an experimental installation for studying the patterns of partial discharges aris-ing in samples of paper insulation having low capacitance was developed. Methodology. In order to verify the proposed method, a physical experiment was carried out in a high-voltage laboratory to measure partial discharge parameters using a digital oscilloscope. Free software for circuit simulation was used to create high-pass filter schematics. Results. The task of calibrating the systems for measuring partial discharges of low capacitance insulation samples (for example, rang
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12

Eka, Putra Waldi, Indah Lestari Asri, Fernandez Rudy, Mulyadi Syaifa, Murakami Yoshinobu, and Hozumi Naohiro. "Rogowski coil sensor in the digitization process to detect partial discharge." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 18, no. 2 (2020): 1062–71. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i2.14282.

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This paper presents the construction of a Rogowski Coil sensor with an air core to detect partial discharge using a digital oscilloscope. Two types of sensors are used. The first is the primary sensor winding with back wire, and the second is without back wire, labeled BW and WBW, respectively. The numbers of primary-turn in the sensors are 5, 10, 20, and 40 turns. The performance of the sensors is tested using two types of tests. First, the wave response test with a fixed imitation partial discharge magnitude input is used to select the optimum sensitivity with the lower sampling rate, aims t
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13

Quan, Yu Sheng, Zong Cheng Zhang, Guang Chen, and Dai Juan Wang. "Research on Diagnosis Method of GIS Insulation Defects Based on Polynomial Fitting." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.888.

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GIS is currently widely used in the power system and is the Developing Trends of Electrical appliances manufacturing. At present, a lot of research on GIS PD, but the study of the recognition of the PD severity is less. By analyzing a large number of partial discharge sample data, a new GIS PD severity diagnostic method is proposed in this paper. Partial discharge is divided into three stages (initial stage, development stage and dangerous stage) in the method according to the severity of the partial discharge. These three stages are fitted with non-linear mapping and get the fitting parameter
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14

Chen, Jiangtian, Dongliang Wei, Zhi Wang, Congcong Liu, Weitao Shao, and Weiling Shao. "The Positive Role of the Partial Discharge Monitoring System in the Partial Discharge Detection of GIS Equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2224, no. 1 (2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012046.

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Abstract When gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear and controlgear (GIS) has internal discharge, some faults are difficult to find during inspections due to the enclosed metal casing. This paper introduces the event of the floating potential discharge inside the GIS equipment of a 500kV substation found by GIS on-line monitoring system. Through on-site ultra-high frequency detection and precise positioning of the oscilloscope to determine the position of the discharge source at a certain switch, combined with the disassembly of the equipment, it is determined that the equipment defect is th
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15

Merev, Ahmet, and İsmail Karaman. "Implementation and Analysis of a Reference Partial Discharge Measurement System." MAPAN 34, no. 1 (2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-018-0296-y.

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16

Liu, Jiaxin, Hao Yu, and Zhongyue Mo. "Analysis of Partial Discharge Fault Diagnosis Technology for High Voltage Switch Cabinet." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2598, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2598/1/012012.

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Abstract In order to enhance the security and reliability of high-voltage switch cabinet operation, the diagnosis of internal discharge defects in high-voltage switch cabinet equipment is analyzed in this paper. Firstly, a variety of partial discharge live detection technologies such as three-dimensional voiceprint monitoring technology and three-dimensional ultraviolet technology for partial discharge are studied. Then, a variety of partial discharge live detection technologies are constructed. Finally, the data fusion of the relevant detection data is carried out, and the monitoring results
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17

Zhou, Xiu, Jin Bai, Lin Zhu, et al. "Inflection Point Effect of Interturn Insulation for Transformer under Preload Stress." Electronics 13, no. 16 (2024): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163185.

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The current research mainly focuses on the influence of different voltage forms on partial discharge for the interturn insulation of a transformer, and the discharge characteristics and its mechanism of interturn insulation under the action of preload are unclear. Therefore, a partial discharge test platform under the synergistic action of preloading force and electrical stress is constructed based on the actual operation conditions of the interturn insulation of a 750 kV transformer. Then, the partial discharge characteristics and its mechanism is explored by using (OM, SEM, FTIR, XRD, EDS, F
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18

Li, Yang, and Zhiguo Tang. "Multi-terminal Detection and Localization of Partial Discharge in Transformer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012013.

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Abstract The transformer is the key equipment in the power system, and partial discharge is the main reason for the deterioration of the insulation of the transformer. The existing partial discharge detection method cannot determine whether the discharge comes from the transformer body or the peripheral equipment of the transformer when the discharge signal is detected. In order to study the difference between the internal and external partial discharges of the transformer received signals at the detection end and form an effective positioning method, this paper injects high frequency small si
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19

Li, Jiansheng, Peng Wu, Shengquan Wang, and Jiabi Liang. "Research on discharge characteristics of synthetic ester-paper insulation under power frequency and low frequency." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2797, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2797/1/012007.

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Abstract Synthetic ester insulating oil transformer has broad application prospects in offshore wind power low-frequency power transmission. This paper carried out discharge tests on synthetic ester-paper insulated used sharp plate electrodes at a power frequency of 50 Hz and a low frequency of 17 Hz based on the pulse current method. The research results show that some basic characteristics do not change under 50 Hz and 17 Hz, that is, the discharge is distributed near the voltage peak in a peak shape. The main differences are that the positive peak characteristics at 17 Hz tend to be blurred
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20

Chung, I.-Hua, and Yu-Hsun Lin. "Exploring the Impact of Parallel Architecture on Improving Adaptable Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems for Gas-Insulated Switch Defect Recognition." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113940.

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Gas-insulated switchgear malfunctions during power system operation may occur due to electrical, thermal, or human errors in the manufacturing process. The leading causes of insulation deterioration of gas-insulated switchgear are discharging along the surface caused by dirt on the insulating material, internal discharge caused by impurities and cavities in the insulating material, corona discharge caused by poor assembly or construction at the site, and electric tree channel discharge caused by the intense internal discharge. Since different defects produce different partial discharge charact
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21

Santos Júnior, Almir Carlos dos, Alexandre Jean René Serres, George Victor Rocha Xavier, et al. "Classification of Partial Discharge Sources in Ultra-High Frequency Using Signal Conditioning Circuit Phase-Resolved Partial Discharges and Machine Learning." Electronics 13, no. 12 (2024): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122399.

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This work presents a methodology for the generation and classification of phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns based on the use of a printed UHF monopole antenna and signal conditioning circuit to reduce hardware requirements. For this purpose, the envelope detection technique was applied. In addition, test objects such as a hydrogenerator bar, dielectric discs with internal cavities in an oil cell, a potential transformer and tip–tip electrodes immersed in oil were used to generate partial discharge (PD) signals. To detect and classify partial discharges, the standard IEC 60270 (2
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22

Zhu, Fu Yun, Zhi Hui Lu, Hong Jun Ni, Shuai Shuai Lv, and Xing Xing Wang. "Developed of High Voltage Bushing with New Shielding Technology for High Voltage Switch Cabinet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.247.

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TGZ10A-40.5 wall bushing of high voltage switch cabinet from one company was taken as applied research object. Reference the development process of high voltage cable shielding technology, three samples were designed and produced depending on different sets of the shield system. The result show that: surfaces processed by the way that the inner (aluminum cylinder) and the outer (metal mesh ring) shielding components were coated with a semi-conductive material, made little sense to improve the withstand voltage level and reduce the partial discharge; surface processed by the way that inner shie
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23

Li, Chen, Ming Ren, Yue Wang, et al. "Partial discharge location method in GIS coaxial bus structure based on multi-normal photoelectric array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2387, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2387/1/012019.

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Abstract Partial discharge is an important reason for the failure of GIS equipment, and its detection can determine the type and position of the defect in GIS. In the discharge inspection, accurate positioning of defects can provide an important reference for maintenance. In response to this, this paper proposes a discharge optical location method based on multi-normal photoelectric array. Based on the SiPM sensor, a multi-normal array is designed and built into the coaxial structure of GIS equipment. Measuring the responses of each unit in the array to get the response ratio of each element a
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24

Wang, Yu Li, Jian Kang Zhao, and Rong Xia. "Research on Characteristics of Partial Discharge in Typical Defects of High-Voltage XLPE Cable." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.459.

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Six models of typical insulation defects are designed and lab-simulated system used for partial discharge (PD) detection of cables and accessories has been constructed to study PD characteristics of internal insulation defects in 110 kV XLPE cable system. By employing CPDM, a kind of on-line PD detector, test data of various models including related PD diagrams are obtained for our research. Based on these characteristic parameters, discharge characteristic analyses of a single PD pulse are presented and statistical operators can be obtained by numerical calculation. The experimental results s
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25

Yun, Yu Xin, Shi Peng Li, and Ke Jun Li. "The Simulation and Realization Methods of Partial Discharge Signal in Gas Insulated Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.360.

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On the basis of the analysis of simulating the partial discharge (PD) signals in Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), this paper focuses on discussing the common simulation and realization methods of simulating the partial discharge signals in mechanical and electrical equipments. The characteristics of PD signals and the typical insulation defects of GIS are reviewed. Different simulation methods to simulate the PD signals are considered. Two implementation schemes of simulating the discharge pulse are analyzed and compared with each other. Through the analysis, we find out that the electronic tec
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26

Yuan, Fang. "Fault Analysis of 600MW Generator Stator Bars in a Power Station." Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 5 (2024): 98–106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20241205.12.

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The stator bar, as the component connecting the coils in the generator to the external circuit, is the main carrier of current and electric field. It is hailed as the "heart" of the generator and plays a crucial role in it. Based on the specific fault phenomena of the stator bar of a 600MW large power station generator under complex operating conditions, this paper analyzes the fault causes in combination with the disassembly inspection. The direct cause of the fault is determined to be the grounding of the stator bar and the iron core. Furthermore, a three-dimensional numeri
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27

Jia, Yong Yong, Jing Gang Yang, Lin Rong, and Feng Bo Tao. "Performance Comparison of Typical Built-In UHF Sensors Used for GIS PD Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1143.

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The UHF method is one of the most important partial discharge (PD) detection means for GIS, while sensor technique is the key factor of the UHF method. In comparison with external sensors, built-in sensors can achieve higher sensitivity. In this paper, two parameters were quoted to evaluate the performance of the sensor, which are He and S11. He refers to the PD detection sensitivity of sensor; S11 refers to the impedance matching property of the sensor. The paper firstly designed a simulation model of sensor performance evaluation, and then studied the performance differences of four typicall
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28

Che, Renfei, and Can Zheng. "Research on Evaluation Method of Cable Line Operation State Based on Partial Discharge Signal Characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2479, no. 1 (2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2479/1/012027.

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Abstract To accurately evaluate the operation status of cable lines, an evaluation method based on the characteristics of partial discharge (PD) signals is proposed. In this method, the operation state of the cable line is divided into four levels, amount of PD and energy of PD in online monitoring data of the cable line are utilized, the development trend of cable insulation deterioration is considered, cable line state evaluation indexes are firstly established, then the state membership of each evaluation index is calculated by utilizing a membership function, proper operation operators are
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29

Stone, Greg C., and Howard Sedding. "Comparison of Low and High Frequency Partial Discharge Measurements on Stator Windings." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 26 (August 8, 2019): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3293.

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Partial discharge (PD) testing has been used for over 60 years primarily as a method to assess condition of the stator winding insulation in motors and generators rated 6 kV and above. More recently it has also been used by some machine manufacturers as a means of assuring the quality of the insulation on single winding elements (coils and bars). Although both on-line and off-line tests mainly use a high voltage capacitor to detect the PD, the PD measuring systems in use work either in the low frequency (LF) regime (less than about 1 MHz) or in the very high frequency (VHF) (30-300 MHz) range.
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30

Zhang, Zong Xi. "Research of Cable PD Detected Technology Based on Variable Frequency Oscillation Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2331.

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With the accelerating construction of strong smart grid, and the grid voltage level rising, performance requirements for the electrical insulation of electrical equipment also continue to increase. The ( XLPE ) cable with good electrical and thermal performance and simple structure, the manufacturing cycle is short, safe and reliable power supply etc, which is widely used in power system ; Partial discharge is in the power cable to run a larger security risks is a sign of deterioration of the cable insulation is caused by insulation deterioration of important reasons . In this paper, based on
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31

IBRAHIM, NUR. "Pendeteksian Lokasi Sumber Noise (Partial Discharge) secara Tiga Dimensi menggunakan Antenna Array." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 3, no. 2 (2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v3i2.106.

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ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini akan dilakukan simulasi teknik pendeteksian lokasi sumber noise berupa partial discharge (PD) pada peralatan tegangan tinggi, dengan menggunakan susunan antena yang terdiri dari empat buah antena monopole sebagai sensor untuk mendeteksi gelombang elektromagnetik (EM) yang dipancarkan dari partial discharge (PD). Algoritma yang digunakan mengacu kepada time difference of arrival (TDOA) dari sinyal yang diterima antar antena (dengan menjadikan salah satu antena sebagai antena referensi). Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan TDOA adalah metode Akaike Information Crite
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Zhao, Junping, Zhengjie An, Bin Lv, Zhicheng Wu, and Qiaogen Zhang. "Characteristics of the Partial Discharge in the Development of Conductive Particle-Initiated Flashover of a GIS Insulator." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102481.

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Conductive particles are one of the most important defects which can greatly degrade the performance of gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS). Many efforts have been made to clarify the influence on the withstand voltage, understand the flashover mechanism, and build a comprehensive model to describe the particle-initiated flashover. In this study, a partial discharge (PD) signal detected through a photomultiplier (PMT) and recorded by a high-speed data acquisition (DAQ) system was used to analyze the discharge development of a conductive particle-contaminated GIS insulator under const
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33

Yan, Zhimin, Bo Qiao, Wei Yang, Lei Zhang, Yanjie Le, and Zhe Zheng. "Comparison of DC XLPE Insulation Under Two Manufacturing Processes: From Electrical Tree to Molecular Weight Distribution." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11915. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411915.

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High-performance cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is currently employed in ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) cables, with the electrical tree being an important cause of DC cable breakdown. The comparison of XLPE samples under different manufacturing processes can provide a reference for the progress of cable production processes. This paper compares laboratory-prepared XLPE samples (DC-XLPE) with XLPE samples extracted from actual cables (Cable-XLPE) through electrical tree experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The experimental findings indicat
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34

Viterbo, Luisa, Jodie Hughes, Peter I. Milner, and David Bardell. "Arterial Blood Gas, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Values as Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicators in Equine Colic." Animals 13, no. 20 (2023): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203241.

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The study aimed to investigate if arterial blood analysis in conscious horses presenting with signs of colic and breathing ambient air had diagnostic or prognostic value. Arterial blood samples from 352 horses presenting with colic at a university equine referral hospital were analysed for pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), ionised calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl−), actual and standardised plasma bicarbonate concentration (HCO3− (P) and HCO3− (P, st)), blood and extracellular fluid base excess (Base
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35

He, Zhitao, Wen He, Haohui He, and Junxuan Hong. "Study on the damage analysis of 110kV cable structure." E3S Web of Conferences 243 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124301006.

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The market application value of power cables has gradually emerged with the development of various industries. Cable laying is a basic project in the construction of power grid and a key part of power engineering construction, and a key content of power engineering construction, which is related to the safe and reliable operation of the entire power grid. With the laying process of power cable, the metal sheath is subjected to structural damage such as extrusion deformation. This paper takes a 110kV cable line as an example, The case of cable damage was introduced in detail, and targeted measu
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36

Liu, Yun Peng, Zi Jian Wang, and Yan Song Li. "Summary of Study on the GIS Partial Discharge Detection Technology and SF6 Alternative Gas." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.611.

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Gas insulated switchgears occupy an important position in the power system. But the partial discharge would occur because of insulation defect, PD will lead to the GIS insulation damage after a long time, and will lead to serious consequences without treatment in time, therefore, the PD detection is particularly important. PD is detected by its secondary physical phenomena, including the phenomena of sound, light, electromagnetic waves and gas decomposition products and so on. At present, many scholars in China and foreign countries have done a comprehensive study on insulation detection techn
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37

Bala, Henryk, Martyna Dymek, Stefan Szymura, and Yuri M. Rabinovich. "Hydrogen Absorption by Co-Substituted Nd-Fe-B High Coercivity Magnetic Material." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.271.

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The present paper aims at explanation of the advantageous role of partial substitution of iron by cobalt in Nd-Fe-B magnet for distinct inhibition of mechanically assisted corrosion phenomena. The hydrogen uptake by Nd16Fe76B8 and Nd16Fe56Co20B8 sintered materials have been compared with the use of charge/discharge method in terms of the alloys corrosion behavior in strong alkaline solution. For initial cycles, the hydrogen discharge capacity of Co-containing alloy is 5-10 times lower than that for the Nd16Fe76B8 reference alloy. After 6-7 cycles both alloys reveal comparable hydrogen capacity
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38

Fauzi, Manyuk, Bambang Sujatmoko, Igeny Dwiana Darmawan, Siswanto Siswanto, Ermiyati Ermiyati, and Merley Misriyani. "A Comparative Study of Data-Driven Models for Discharge Forecasting: a Study Case of Siak River, Pekanbaru Water Gauge Station." Journal of Applied Materials and Technology 6, no. 2 (2025): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.31258/jamt.6.2.47-57.

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The availability of long-term river discharge data covering at least 30 years is needed for proper hydrological studies, so the ability to predict river discharge is a matter of concern in the field of civil engineering. The Siak River in Pekanbaru City experiences overflowing water during the rainy season. One of the steps to prevent flooding on the Siak River is to utilize river discharge information, data-driven models utilize historical data to train or derive useful insights for predicting outputs, some data-driven models that are suitable for generating monthly historical data into new d
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Loubani, Alaa, Noureddine Harid, Huw Griffiths, and Braham Barkat. "Simulation of Partial Discharge Induced EM Waves Using FDTD Method—A Parametric Study." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173364.

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This paper reports the results of a parametric study on the characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves propagated due to surface- and cavity-type partial discharges (PD) in materials using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. First, the EM waves emitted by such discharges in material samples were measured using a broadband aperture antenna. The measurements showed that the frequency range of the measured signals lay within the ultra-high frequency (UHF) range, suggesting that by carefully choosing the UHF antenna characteristics and its location it might be possible to apply thi
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Jia, Yong Yong, Jing Gang Yang, Lin Rong, and Ke Zhao. "Simulation Research of the Impact on Sensitivity by Structural Parameters of Disc-Type Inner UHF Sensors Used for GIS PD Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1044.

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The UHF method is one of the most important partial discharge (PD) detection means for GIS, while sensor technique is the key factor of the UHF method. In comparison with external sensors, inner sensors can achieve higher sensitivity. The paper firstly presents a key indicator of the sensor performance evaluation, and builds a simulation model of that. Secondly, the paper implements simulation research on the PD detection performance of the disc-type sensor, especially on the impacts caused by structural parameters based on the simulation model. The research achievements of the paper may provi
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Wang, Jonathan, Kesheng Wu, Alex Sim, and Seongwook Hwangbo. "Locating Partial Discharges in Power Transformers with Convolutional Iterative Filtering." Sensors 23, no. 4 (2023): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041789.

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The most common source of transformer failure is in the insulation, and the most prevalent warning signal for insulation weakness is partial discharge (PD). Locating the positions of these partial discharges would help repair the transformer to prevent failures. This work investigates algorithms that could be deployed to locate the position of a PD event using data from ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors inside the transformer. These algorithms typically proceed in two steps: first determining the signal arrival time, and then locating the position based on time differences. This paper reviews
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42

Wang, Xin Wei. "Power Vector System Simulation Design Based on MATLAB Difference Frequency Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.660.

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High voltage transmission is a complex process, because partial discharge and various problems of lines will produce current response of different frequency, so it needs vector synthesis in different time and space. In this paper, based on the theory of vector synthesis, through the SIMULINK module of MATLAB software voltage is simulated, we obtain the coupling graph and vector synthesis graph of different voltage. From the curve we can see that before vector synthesis, the voltage has different frequencies and the peak output values, after vector synthesis, the voltage has stable frequency an
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43

Dymek, Martyna, Henryk Bala, Henryk Drulis, and Alicja Hackemer. "Hydrogenation and Corrosion Properties of LaNi4.5Co0.5-Based Alloy Doped with 1.7 at% Sn." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.263.

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Effect of small addition of tin (1.7 at.%) into LaNi4.5Co0.5 alloy on gas phase and cathodically charged hydrogen absorption ability as well as its corrosion resistance in 6M KOH solution is discussed. To reveal the effect of Sn doping three alloys have been selected: LaNi4.5Co0.5 (precursor), LaNi4.5Co0.5Sn0.1 and LaNi5 - as a parent compound. The room temperature p-C isotherms indicate to beneficial effect of Sn addition which causes decrease of H2 equilibrium pressure and does not limit atomic hydrogen solubility. Discharge capacities (Qdisch), exchange current densities of H2O/H2 system ()
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Kumar, Haresh, Muhammad Shafiq, Kimmo Kauhaniemi, and Mohammed Elmusrati. "A Review on the Classification of Partial Discharges in Medium-Voltage Cables: Detection, Feature Extraction, Artificial Intelligence-Based Classification, and Optimization Techniques." Energies 17, no. 5 (2024): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051142.

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Medium-voltage (MV) cables often experience a shortened lifespan attributed to insulation breakdown resulting from accelerated aging and anomalous operational and environmental stresses. While partial discharge (PD) measurements serve as valuable tools for assessing the insulation state, complexity arises from the presence of diverse discharge sources, making the evaluation of PD data challenging. The reliability of diagnostics for MV cables hinges on the precise interpretation of PD activity. To streamline the repair and maintenance of cables, it becomes crucial to discern and categorize PD t
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Babnik, T., R. K. Aggarwal, and P. J. Moore. "Principal Component and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses as Applied to Transformer Partial Discharge Data With Particular Reference to Transformer Condition Monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (2008): 2008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.919030.

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Liu, Tingliang, Jing Yan, Yanxin Wang, Yifan Xu, and Yiming Zhao. "GIS Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition Based on a Novel Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory." Entropy 23, no. 6 (2021): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060774.

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Distinguishing the types of partial discharge (PD) caused by different insulation defects in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is a great challenge in the power industry, and improving the recognition accuracy of the relevant models is one of the key problems. In this paper, a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model is proposed, which can effectively extract and utilize the spatiotemporal characteristics of PD input signals. First, the spatial characteristics of higher-level PD signals can be obtained through the CNN network, but because CNN is a deep feedforward
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47

Al-Jassim, A. H., and A. C. Swift. "Persistent nasal crusting due to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 4 (1996): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100133687.

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AbstractHypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is an hereditary condition of the ectodermal tissues which may escape recognition because of lack of clinical awareness due to its rarity. Otorhinolaryngological features of this syndrome include chronic respiratory tract infections, persistent foul-smelling nasal discharge and crust formation, and hearing problems.The condition is usually an X-linked recessive disease affecting mainly ectodermal tissue, although nonectodermal tissue may also be affected. The notation ‘ectodermal’ is used because ectodermal tissues are always involved. The syndrome is
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48

NG, Felix, and Helgi Björnsson. "On the Clague–Mathews relation for jökulhlaups." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 165 (2003): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830836.

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AbstractIn the empirical study of jökulhlaups, the peak discharge, Qmax, and water volume drained by the ice-dammed lake during the floods, Vt, appear to follow a power-law relation , where K are b are constants determined from field data. First identified by Clague and Mathews (1973), this relation is a useful reference for predicting flood magnitude, but its physical origin remains unclear. Here, we develop the theory that connects it to contemporary models for simulating the flood hydrograph. We explain how the function Qmax = f(Vt) arises from Nye’s (1976) theory of time-dependent water fl
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49

Granado, Joaquín, Antonio Torralba, and César Álvarez-Arroyo. "Modeling dispersion of partial discharges due to propagation velocity variation in power cables." Electric Power Systems Research 137 (April 23, 2016): 124–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.04.005.

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Existing models for partial discharge (PD) propagation based on a single attenuation constant are unableto explain how each frequency component travels with a different propagation velocity. This paper pro-poses a new model based on a complex propagation term whose real component does not depend on thefrequency (f), and whose imaginary part is modeled with a second order polynomial in f. The proposedmodel explains how the PD is attenuated, delayed, and dispersed due to the fact that each frequencycomponent is differently delayed.A closed-form expression is proposed for the PD peak value and wi
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Xavier, George Victor Rocha, Alexandre Jean René Serres, Edson Guedes da Costa, Adriano Costa de Oliveira, Luiz Augusto Medeiros Martins Nobrega, and Vladimir Cesarino de Souza. "Design and Application of a Metamaterial Superstrate on a Bio-Inspired Antenna for Partial Discharge Detection through Dielectric Windows." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194255.

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The adaptation of dielectric windows as metamaterial superstrate over a bio-inspired Printed Monopole Antenna (PMA) was evaluated in order to improve the detection sensitivity of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) sensors designed for Partial Discharge (PD) measurement. For this purpose, rectangular and circular Split Ring Resonators (SRR) structures were designed and evaluated aiming to achieve a metamaterial superstrate that improves the characteristics of the bio-inspired PMA as the gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. Measurements of the PMA with metamaterial superstrate were carried out in an
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