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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reference price'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kwak, Kyuseop. "Price response in multiple item choice spillover effects of reference price /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/143.

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2

Lindsey-Mullikin, Joan Marie. "Beyond reference price: The role of unmet price expectations in consumers' perceptions of value." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284440.

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This dissertation posits an entirely new approach for understanding the reference price phenomenon. It is proposed that Festinger's (1957) theory of dissonance reduction provides a practical framework for studying situations in which consumers' encountered prices are significantly different from their expectations. The three modes of dissonance reduction initially proposed by Festinger (to change one's attitude or cognition, to seek consonant information, or to trivialize some element of the dissonant relationship) are experimentally manipulated. These three modes of dissonance reduction are t

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3

Watson, Iain. "Internal reference price formation in support of UK and US grocery retail price decision-making." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2630.

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UK and US grocery retailers operate with narrow profit margins; the shelf price of each product sold has a direct affect on these profits. Despite the importance of pricing, grocers adopt sub-optimal risk mitigation tactics rather than profit maximization. Part of a grocer’s perceived pricing risk is their lack of any understanding of customer product price expectation. The academic concept of Internal Reference Price (IRP) represents that price expectation but, despite a large body of research, IRP does not appear to be used in UK or US grocery pricing. This is due in part to academics’ lack

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4

Lowe, Benjamin, and n/a. "Pricing Strategy and the Formation and Evolution of Reference Price Perceptions in New Product Categories." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070221.155102.

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This study examines how pioneer and follower pricing strategies affect the formation and evolution of reference price perceptions in new product categories. It contributes to our understanding of pricing new products by integrating two important research streams in the field of marketing - reference price theory and the theory of pioneer brand advantage. This is the first research to address reference price effects for radically new product categories. Prior research has focused solely on products in existing categories, typically in fast moving consumer goods categories. Using three experimen

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5

Patil, Ashutosh R. "Essays in regulatory focus and price acceptance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34692.

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Part one of the thesis studies differential diagnosticity towards substantive extrinsic information available in the environment. This research tests the interaction between regulatory focus and availability of extrinsic-substantive information such as consensus information, on the range of acceptable price. Prior research on regulatory focus led us to two divergent predictions. Our findings lend support to the asymmetric-elaboration account. Under this account, only prevention-oriented consumers are likely to change their acceptable price range if combinations of favorable-and-unfavorable con

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6

Kumar, Akhil. "Budget-Related Prediction Models in the Business Environment with Special Reference to Spot Price Predictions." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331533/.

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The purpose of this research is to study and improve decision accuracy in the real world. Spot price prediction of petroleum products, in a budgeting context, is the task chosen to study prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy of executives in a multinational oil company is examined. The Brunswik Lens Model framework is used to evaluate prediction accuracy. Predictions of the individuals, the composite group (mathematical average of the individuals), the interacting group, and the environmental model were compared. Predictions of the individuals were obtained through a laboratory experiment i

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7

Effertz, Cary Marshall. "A Reference Price Model of Sugar Consumption with Implications on Obesity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29853.

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Obesity has increased dramatically in the past 25 years. The consumption of added sugar has increased significantly during the same time period. Previous research indicates a direct correlation between the consumption of added sugar and the prevalence of obesity. Sugar has been identified in multiple studies as having addictive or opiate-like qualities. Unquestionably, added sugar consumption has contributed to the current obesity epidemic. Here, we apply a reference price economic model to attempt to describe sugar consumption. Using consumption and price data from the Economic Research Servi

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8

Can, Ayse. "Modeling spatial variation in housing price determinants : with special reference to Columbus, MSA /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487673114113057.

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9

Gimpl-Heersink, Lisa, Christian Rudloff, Moritz Fleischmann, and Alfred Taudes. "Integrating Pricing and Inventory Control: Is it Worth the Effort?" SpringerOpen, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03342705.

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In this paper we first show that the gains achievable by integrating pricing and inventory control are usually small for classical demand functions. We then introduce reference price models and demonstrate that for this class of demand functions the benefits of integration with inventory control are substantially increased due to the price dynamics. We also provide some analytical results for this more complex model. We thus conclude that integrated pricing/inventory models could repeat the success of revenue management in practice if reference price effects are included in the demand model an

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10

Malik, Shahnawaz. "A study of rural poverty in Pakistan with special reference to agricultural price policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734188.

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11

Paulauskaitė, Inga. "Trends in the use of statins in Lithuania on 2005 – 2007 years." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080616_100427-84402.

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Objective: To compare statins according to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics within the drug class and to perform the comprehensive analysis of statins consumption in Lithuania between 2005 and 2007 years. Methods: MEDLINE database was searched to identify and evaluate all literature relating to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic chareacteristics of statins. The statins sales data on units and wholesale prices in all Lithuanian regions over three years (2005 – 2007) were obtained from SoftDent, JSC database. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic

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12

DeMoranville, Carol W. "An investigation into price-quality tradeoffs : the effects of order of presentation and presentation of outlying alternatives /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151454/.

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13

Klingerová, Eliška. "REGULACE CEN NA TRHU LÉČIV." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150004.

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This study is aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of state intervention in the form of pharmaceutical external price referencing (EPR) in selected EU countries, as well as the description of drug policy and EPR in the analyzed countries. Among the analyzed countries, the United Kingdom and Sweden have been selected as representatives who don't use EPR regulation. On the other hand, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, Spain and the Netherlands are countries that regulate using EPR. The prices of selected pharmaceutical products in all of those states are converted into producer prices, on wh

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14

Vesterberg, Mattias. "The Stick or the Carrot : Modeling Reference Price Dependence and Loss Aversion in an Environmental Policy setting." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56810.

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15

Sahadev, Keshav. "A volume-weighted-average-price (VWAP) method for estimating beta in the context of reference-day risk." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64923.

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The ability to accurately estimate systematic risk (or beta) in the presence of reference-day risk is an ineluctable requirement for all applications of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). This research documents evidence of reference-day risk for shares on the Johannesburg All Share Index. In response to the need for greater accuracy when estimating systematic risk, this paper contributes a volume-weighted-average-price (VWAP) method for estimating beta when reference-day risk is exhibited in share betas. Furthermore, this research applies a graphical time-series approach to test the un

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16

Al-Bahar, Ali H. "A study of the insurance market with special reference to the price system for auto insurance in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340579.

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17

Råström, Marie. "Det händer inte mig! : Ökar illusionen av osårbarhet risken för att manipuleras?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-233.

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<p>Studien undersökte om de personer som anser sig vara minst sårbara för att bli manipulerade är de som främst manipuleras av reklam. En experimentell design användes där 204 studenter bedömde sitt intryck av en reklam, vars manipulationsgrad varierade. Ett frågeformulär som mätte upplevd osårbarhet mot manipulation fylldes även i. Deltagarna ansåg att de var relativt osårbara mot att manipuleras samt att andra påverkades mer av reklam än de själva. Hypotesen att de personer som anser sig vara minst sårbara för att bli manipulerade är de som främst manipuleras bekräftades inte. Studien lyckad

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18

Jack, Claire. "An economic evaluation of price efficiency in argicultural markets with particular reference to beef and sheep marketing in County Fermanagh." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387884.

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19

Cornelissen, Hannalize. "A study of the South African wine market with specific reference to the influence of low price wine on the industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49860.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wine industry in South Africa has the potential to produce wine of world-class quality, but simultaneously large volumes of inferior quality wine are produced annually and sold in the market in cheap, low-quality packaging, making up the bottom end of the alcoholic beverage market. The study investigated the South African wine industry to determine where the industry is headed. The document focussed on inexpensive wine that is sold in cheap packaging to determine who drinks it and what the effect is on the wine indus

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20

Awasom, Nde-Asaa. "An analysis of the OPEC Reference Basket with regards to African Pricing and Spread to the WTI and Brent." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31406.

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This study aims at analysing how African oil benchmarks within the OPEC Reference Basket relative to the WTI and Brent benchmarks which are considered as global pricing benchmarks for the period starting from 1997-2008. The Nigerian Bonny Light and Algerian Saharan blend were the two benchmarks used for this study. A time series analysis was applied to the weekly price data series set and with the aid of a breakpoint unit root test and Cusum of Squared test to determine if there was a change in the persistence of the spread of each African benchmark relative to the global benchmarks. The resul

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21

Santos, Jorge Henrique França dos. "Análise comparativa de preços: estudo de variáveis influentes na percepção de vantagem de compra." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3819.

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Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF2A.pdf: 540435 bytes, checksum: 02b08025ebca17ef4bedc0c2f60159d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>This thesis treats some variables that can influence the consumer’s perception in the context of price’s comparative analysis in a purchase process. These variables were: the products’s offer presentation, study’s respondents scholarship and the product’s familiarity of the respondents. This study’s importance is grounded in the needs of perception’s understanding of a advantage in a product buying process in fac

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22

Vlček, Michal. "Practical differences in business valuation using the market value, value in use and the value for price negotiations." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-82035.

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This thesis aims to explain the basic characteristics of valuation method in practice use. The first chapter is about basic character of each method of valuation and factors which influence its applicability. The second chapter mentions estimation of market value/appraisal, includes affecting factors. Then, the third and fourth parts aim to comparing these appraisals (market. vs. price bargaining, subjective and objective, complex appraisal) and price formation for price bargaining in the Czech a EU market. Chain of model facets in appraisal is demonstrated by fair example in the fifth part. M

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23

Bopape, Susan Mothekoa. "The management of dyslipidemia in a private health care setting : a managed pharmaceutical care approach / Susan Mothekoa Bopape." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/483.

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The global anti-dyslipidemic market grew by 19% from 2000 to 2001, achieving sales of over $21 billion (Smith, 2004: 2). This market is currently well sewed by a number of effective and well-tolerated treatments. Lipid-lowering drugs are considered as the first choice drugs in control of dyslipidemias and they are well tolerated by most patients. As with many drug therapies, there should be a balance between the benefits of cholesterol lowering agents, increased medication cost and the overall risk of adverse drug reactions. According to Ballesteros (2001: 514), hypolipidemic drugs are consume

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24

Lujková, Lenka. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při hodnocení dodavatelů firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222046.

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This thesis engages in subject matter application of fuzzy logic for rating of suppliers of the firm. This thesis analyses and evaluates competing firms offering to windows exchange and roofing exchange. This thesis can help municipal office in Vážany by decision making, which firm choose.

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25

Schneider, José Inácio. "Sistema de custeio no preço de venda (SCPV): análise dos resultados em pequenas e médias empresas industriais da região metropolitana da serra gaúcha." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5447.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-15T13:57:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Inácio Schneider_.pdf: 4040183 bytes, checksum: ea801855045958b3aaeb6144d9e309bf (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T13:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Inácio Schneider_.pdf: 4040183 bytes, checksum: ea801855045958b3aaeb6144d9e309bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29<br>Nenhuma<br>O presente estudo apresenta e relaciona diferentes sistemas de custeio observados nas empresas pesquisadas que utilizam o rateio de custos e despesas indiretas de forma line

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26

Remeš, Filip. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při výběrů dodavatele." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232751.

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The diploma thesis employs modern analysing and simulating methods. It enables the application of fuzzy logic in supplier selection and evaluation of its potential risks to construction companies. This work is aimed at defining the problem and determining the overall and particular goals, namely theoretical description of the principle of used artificial intelligence theory, problem description and analysis, current situation as-sessment, proposed solution implementation and evaluation of proposed solution con-tribution.

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27

Gredic, Adela, and Gabriella Tasci. "Simuleringsverktyg för toleransoptimering." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253797.

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Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att utvärdera ett simuleringsverktyg för toleranskedjeanalyser i 1D, följt av en jämförelse med dagens metod att beräkna toleranskedjor i 1D med kalkylark i Excel. Simuleringsverktyget heter EZtol och har funnits sedan ett och ett halvt år tillbaka. Examensarbetet utfördes på uppdrag från Scania CV AB, som ville undersöka om mjukvaran kan ersätta den nuvarande metoden. Examensarbetet utfördes under 10 veckor och delades upp i tre huvudområden: Upplärning i form av webkurs och internkurs på Scania, simulering av olika toleranskedjor i mjukvaran samtidigt

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28

Dičkutė, Asta. "Trends in the use of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II antagonists in Lithuania on 2005-2007 years." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080616_100311-96511.

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Objective: To evaluate the tendencies of utilization of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptors antagonists in Lithuania during 2005-2007 years. Methods: MEDLINE database was searched to identify and evaluate all literature relating to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II antagonists. Utilization data of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (plain and combinations) and Angiotensin II antagonists (plain and combinations) in Lithuania over three years (2005 – 2007) period were obtaine

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29

Takiguchi, Cleverson Shindi. "Influência do crédito e do efeito framing nos preços de referência." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11260.

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Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T18:05:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_31ago_2010 _Cleverson_.pdf: 474989 bytes, checksum: fc7c4a876917d9bfebc1be6559068332 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T18:05:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_31ago_2010 _Cleverson_.pdf: 474989 bytes, checksum: fc7c4a876917d9bfebc1be6559068332 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T18:05:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_31ago_2010 _Cleverson_.pdf: 474989 bytes, checksu

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30

Abelson, Peter. "House and land prices in Australia with special reference to Sydney." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2587/.

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The thesis describes and explains average house prices and the distribution of house prices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide in the 1970s and 1980s, and average house and land prices and their distribution in Sydney from 1925 to 1970. Part I starts with a brief discussion of the special nature of housing. The rest of Part I describes the house and land prices that the study aims to explain. The Sydney data are described at greater length because these were developed mainly by the writer. Part II reviews economic theories of the price of housing services in the long and short run, the distribu

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31

Котляревський, О. В. "Система методів ціноутворення на банківські послуги в Україні". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51307.

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У дисертаційній роботі удосконалено систему методів ЦБП в Україні залежно від основних цінових чинників та видів послуг; запропоновано комбінований метод ЦБП та обґрунтовано специфіку його використання для процентних БП і торговельних операцій; поглиблено засади визначення витрат при ЦБП із використанням функціонально-вартісного аналізу; розвинуто науково-практичну базу врахування фактора часу при застосуванні витратного методу ЦБП, а також ризику коливання цін при встановленні цінових орієнтирів на процентні БП, прогнозування цінової динаміки на міжбанківському кредитному ринку та ринку обліг

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32

Tang, Ning, and 唐寧. "Competition under price-affected reference price." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96481025106596288099.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>工業管理研究所<br>100<br>In the reality, there has more competition in the market, which change the customers’ purchase behavior rapidly. We construct a model to sell a product during a fixed selling period for compete suppliers. In our study, we use the reference price function to present the customers utility distribution. The concept of a reference price asserts that consumers make decisions based on both actual and perceived prices. We incorporate the term "reservation price" to refer to these internal reference price levels and “selling price” to refer to these external reference

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LIN, YU-TING, and 林羽亭. "Ending Price Matching Effect On Reference Price." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44107187297066658376.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>企業管理系研究所<br>104<br>External reference price research has focused on the cognitive process between the original price and the sale price. A portion of literature focuses on location between the original price and the sale price, such as vertical, horizontal, and overlapped display. (Coulter&Norberg, 2009; Kahn et al., 2013) Besides, other literature discussed on the numerical relation between the original price and the sale price such as left-right display location(Biswas et al, 2013). In this paper, we want to prove the numerical design between the original price and the

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34

Kuo, Li-ching, and 郭麗菁. "Effects of Premium’s Price on Consumers’ Internal Reference Price." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76542283979453751903.

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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>99<br>Previous studies believe that the price promotion will affect the consumer's internal reference price rather than non-price promotions. However, literature lack discussing whether premium promotion will affect the consumers’ internal reference price or not. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether tagged premium’s price will affect the consumers’ internal reference price to the main products or not. Theoretically, this study will discuss the shortage for the previous research on the premium promotion, and proposes different opinions from previous stu

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Lin, Chung-Yuan, and 林仲元. "Services Price and Reference Price Effects On Consumer Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36841586847945722873.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理科學系所<br>99<br>In daily life, consumers often use price as a basis for judging the value. Therefore, manufacturers often make consumers who change the price of perception by reference price, and thus enhance the extent of consumers' willingness to buy. Whether the difference between reference price and the actual selling price will cause the identification gap between the quality of consumer goods or not? In the past research indicates that the reference price could make consumers change their value judgments of actual physical commodity in the scope which consumers will accep

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Wang, Sheng Jyi, and 王生集. "Reference Price , Product Involvement and Consumers'' Attitudes." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90979850477361194315.

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Ling-Liu, Chin, and 劉錦鈴. "The deteriorating inventory model with reference price." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64368217148234023304.

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碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>103<br>In this paper, we propose a pricing decision for a deteriorating inventory system with time-and-price sensitive demand and reference price effects. A generalized model is presented to jointly determine the optimal selling price and replenishment strategies which maximize the retailer’s total profit. Starting with some mild assumptions, we derive some theoretical results to show the existence of the optimal solution for a single-period deteriorating inventory problem, and reveal the sensitivities of the optimal pricing decision to the model parameters. Finally,

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Hsieh, Yi-Wen, and 謝宜彣. "A study on the on-line effects of Price Partitioning and Reference Prices." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59975876556418100035.

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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>行銷與流通管理系<br>95<br>Price is the one of the factor in Marketing mix that can create the profit and more flexible than others. The development of Internet and E-commerce change the model of purchasing behavior of people with the type of operation of enterprise. In this situation, consumer become more sensitive on price, therefore, it causes a great influence on company. It also shows the importance of strategy of pricing. Price partitioning is one of management of pricing on-line; and reference price is also the common way on Internet. In this research will discuss the implement o

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Du, Yi-Ton, and 都鈺堂. "A Study of the Consumer''Reference Price and the Latitude of Acceptance Price." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65073056591130848924.

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40

Huang, Siang-hua, and 黃祥華. "The Effects of Price Discrimination on Buyer’s Internal Reference Price and Post-purchase Emotions." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u2scv6.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>企業管理學系研究所<br>95<br>This article examines whether price discrimination affects consumer price perceptions and emotions. Questionnaires involving various purchasing scenarios indicate that all kinds of price discrimination decrease the internal reference price of those who have to pay the original (higher) price. These effects of price discrimination on consumers’ internal reference price are moderated by the discount depth. The deeper discount that the seller offers to the consumers, the larger the internal reference decreases. Further, when subjects were told that there is one

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Lu, Chun-Chung, and 陸俊承. "How Did IPO Spread Influence the Share Price – Using Emerging Market Price for Reference." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4424qv.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>財務金融研究所<br>107<br>After initial public offering, it always has incredible abnormal initial return, and many researches are trying to explain it. Initial return can be divided into two part. First, spread between underwriting price and market price caused high incredible initial return. Another one is pure initial return, which shows reaction from investor after IPO. Regulation for listing in Taiwan stock market ask company have to list on emerging market for six months, and then qualify to go public on stock exchange market or OTC market. We can treat emerging market price as

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Poirier, Jamie. "Formation and adaptation of reference prices by Manitoban grain farmers: an experimental study." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/14422.

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This thesis examines formation and adaptation of reference prices by Manitoban farmers. Research shows that preferences are reference-dependent and that marketing decisions are affected by reference prices. Results obtained in this research suggest that Manitoban farmers’ reference prices for grain are formed primarily by a weighted average price and by the highest price indicated in the experiment. Reference prices were found to adapt in the same direction as market prices, where adaptation to increasing prices was found to be larger than adaptation to decreasing prices. When deciding to

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"Joint pricing and inventory control under reference price effects." Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, 2008. http://epub.wu-wien.ac.at/dyn/dl/diss/epub-wu-01_d5a.

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Gimpl-Heersink, Lisa. "Joint pricing and inventory control under reference price effects." Thesis, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1913/1/document.pdf.

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In many firms the pricing and inventory control functions are separated. However, a number of theoretical models suggest a joint determination of inventory levels and prices, as prices also affect stocking risks. In this work, we address the problem of simultaneously determining a pricing and inventory replenishment strategy under reference price effects. This reference price effect models the empirically well established fact that consumers not only react sensitively to the current price, but also to deviations from a reference price formed on the basis of past purchases. The current price is

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Lu, Qiang. "Structural models of reference price effects and brand equity." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370828&T=F.

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Li-HsuanYeh and 葉俐萱. "Sales Promotion Framing and Reference Price- A Toothpaste Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ye6fbm.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>企業管理學系碩博士班<br>101<br>Companies use a lot of sales promotions to attract customers to buy the products. Sales promotions could be divided into monetary promotions (such like price discounts and buy one get another at half price) and nonmonetary promotions (such like buy one get one free, bonus pack and premium attached). Monetary promotions are in the same units as the sales prices; therefore they will be more easily integrated with the sales prices. Monetary promotion is likely to be seen as a reduced price. However, nonmonetary promotions are more difficult integrated with the

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高麗文. "Impacts of the reference price on consume''s behavior." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95391801077832987030.

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Hong, Peng-Hong, and 洪炳宏. "The Effect of Reference Price Context on Consumer''s Price Recognized and Willing of Purchase." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41187699538985151932.

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Tsai, Hung-Wen, and 蔡鴻文. "The Effects of Price Promotion Frequency, Discount Size, and External Reference Price on Consumers’ Behavior." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18172891645143450177.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>商學研究所<br>89<br>ABSTRACT GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRACTION NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY NAME：HUNG-WEN, TSAIDATE：JUNE, 2001 ADVISER：CHUNG-JAW, CHANG The Effects of Price Promotion Frequency, Discount Size, and External Reference Price on Consumers’ Behavior Promotions have increased in popularity during the past several decades. Price promotions provide some cues to consumers when they make buying decisions. The research is aimed at exploring the possible effects of price promotion and external

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Chang, Kuang-Yu, and 張光宇. "The Effect of Online Products’ Promotional Price Format and Internal Reference Price of Willingness to Buy." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12204998545761149211.

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碩士<br>清雲科技大學<br>國際企業管理研究所<br>97<br>The rapid development of technology change with the times so that the popularization of the Internet, thereby causing some consumers to change consumption habits and to the Internet to become more busy lives of consumers to the main pipeline. Price Promotion is a common way of business marketing, aimed at raising consciousness of consumers to obtain the value of the transaction value, therefore increasing willingness of consumers to buy. The purpose of this study in order to investigate the online store price promotions; at the same time, marked the market pr

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