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Raczkowycz, Julian. "Monolithic data converters and integrated voltage reference sources." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290740.
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Mylonas, Georgios. "Programmable voltage reference generator for a SAR-ADC." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98567.
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SAR-ADCs are very popular and suitable for conversions up to few tens of MHz with 8 to 12 bits of resolution. A very popular type is the Charge Redistribution SAR-ADC which is based on a capacitive array. Higher speeds can be achieved by using the interleaving technique where a number of SAR-ADCs are working in parallel. These speeds, however, can only be achieved if the reference voltage can cope with the switching of the capacitive array. In this thesis the design of a programmable voltage reference generator for a Charge Redistribution SAR-ADC was studied. A number of architectures were studied and one based on a Current Steering DAC was chosen because of the settling time that could offer to the Charge Redistribution SAR-ADC switching operation. This architecture was further investigated in order to spot the weak points of the design and try to minimize the settling time. In the end, the final design was evaluated and possible trimming techniques were proposed that could further speed up the design.
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Janez, Fabrice. "Fusion of information sources defined on different non-exhaustive reference sets /." Paris : ONERA, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367050865.
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Marani, Tommaso. "Leiðarvísir : its genre and sources : with particular reference to the description of Rome." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6397/.
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This thesis examines Leiðarvísir, a medieval itinerary from Iceland to the Holy Land. The itinerary indicates stops and distances, but is also rich in significant information on the places along the route. Leiðarvísir has been attributed to the twelfth-century Abbot Nikulás of the Benedictine abbey of Munkaþverá in Iceland and the text has been considered to be a travel account based on the direct experiences gained by the abbot during a journey. An analysis, however, of all the datable termini present in the itinerary demonstrates that the attribution of the whole itinerary to Nikulás cannot be maintained. Having taken into consideration the most relevant criteria and definitions required to categorise a text as ‘travel writing’ and as a ‘travel account’, this thesis will then show that Leiðarvísir does not share any of the distinguishing genre features typical of a travel account, and that it should rather be classified as an impersonal guide. Finally, the thesis focuses on the description of Rome in Leiðarvísir, putting it in the context of other medieval descriptions of Rome. Not only does this contextualization make evident that the description of Rome is largely based on written sources, but it also proves that some of its details are incompatible with a twelfth-century dating and with its attribution to Nikulás. It emerges that Leiðarvísir is a work composed by an erudite scholar using written sources, and that it was probably successively enriched and updated with relevant information by one or more later scribes.
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Radwan, Mokhtar Sayed. "Nutritional studies on rabbits and rats with special reference to sources of dietary fibre." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314765.
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Gelder, Michael Sean. "An investigation into the location of vibration sources with reference to structural condition monitoring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325564.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Sociology: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources, by Stephen H. Aby, James Nalen, and Lori Fielding." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5630.
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Saturnino, Diana. "Une méthode d’observatoires virtuels pour décrire les variations temporelles du champ géomagnétique et applications aux mesures de la mission Swarm." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=181308db-f221-4fd6-84dc-ccfc2af8e6cd.
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A description of the temporal variations of the main geomagnetic field (i. E. , the secular variation, or SV) is crucial to the understanding of core dynamo generation. It is known with high accuracy at observatory locations, which are globally unevenly located, hampering the determination of a global pattern of these variations. Satellites have allowed global surveys of the field and its SV. Their data has been used by global spherical harmonic models using data selection criteria to reduce external contributions. SV small spatial scales may not be well described by these models, and can show significant errors compared to ground measurements. This study attempts to extract temporal variation time series from satellite measurements as it is done at observatory locations. We follow a Virtual Observatories (VO) approach, defining a global mesh of VOs at satellite altitude. We apply an Equivalent Source Dipole (ESD) technique. For each VO and a given time interval all measurements are reduced to a unique location, leading to time series similar to those available at the ground. Synthetic data is first used to validate the approach. We then apply our scheme to Swarm mission measurements. We locally compare the VO-ESD derived time series to ground observations and to satellite-based model predictions. The approach is able to describe field's time variations at local scales. The global mesh of VO time series is used to derive global spherical harmonic models. For a simple parametrization the model well describes the trend of the magnetic field both at satellite altitude and at the surface. Nevertheless more complex modelling can be made to properly profit of VO-ESD time seriesLa description des variations temporelles du champ géomagnétique (variation séculaire ou SV) est cruciale pour la compréhension de la dynamo. La SV est connue avec une grande précision dans les observatoires magnétiques, qui ont une répartition spatiale inégale. Les satellites donnent des observations globales du champ et de sa SV. Leurs données sont utilisées par les modèles globaux en harmoniques sphériques. Les petites échelles spatiales de la SV décrites par ces modèles peuvent montrer des erreurs par rapport aux mesures des observatoires. Dans cette étude je tente d'extraire des séries temporelles avec des mesures satellitaires comme dans les observatoires. L'approche des observatoires virtuels (VO) est suivie. Un maillage global de volumes à l'altitude du satellite est défini. Pour cela, la technique des Equivalent Source Dipoles (ESD) est appliquée. Pour chaque VO et intervalle de temps donné, toutes les mesures sont réduites à un endroit unique, menant à des séries temporelles similaires à celles disponibles dans les observatoires à la surface. L’approche est validée avec des donnes synthétiques et puis appliquée aux mesures de la mission Swarm. Les séries temporelles VO-ESD sont comparées à celles à la surface et aux prédictions par un modèle. L'approche décrit correctement les variations temporelles du champ à l'échelle locale. Un maillage global de VO est construit et utilisé pour obtenir des modèles globaux. Les modèles sont capables de décrire l'évolution du champ magnétique à la fois à l'altitude du satellite et à la surface. Toutefois des modélisations plus complexes pourront être faites pour profiter des séries temporelles VO-ESD
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Barber, Barbara Jill. "Sources for family history: a case study with particular reference to Wales, The Parrys of Lidiardau." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493725.
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Al, Hamad Zaid Fayez. "The Architecture of the Mosque with reference to the early Practice (622-720) and Traditional Sources." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491237.
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The mosque is the principal house of worship in Islam. Though pre-eminently a place of congregational prayer, it is also a focus for education and social interaction. This makes it the most significant building-type in Islamic architecture. Current practice, however, reveals considerable confusion over the design principles that are considered applicable and appropriate to the contemporary mosque. The aim of the current research is to help resolve his confusion through systematic study of historic mosque buildings and their components.
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Ahmadi-Moghadam, Ali. "Nitrogen nutrition of ericoid and ectomycorrhizal systems with special reference to utilization of amino-N sources." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299627.
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Wainwright, Andrew R. "Sources of variation in biscuit flour quality with special reference to damaged starch and particle size." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260240.
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Du, Preez David H. "Alternative sources of finance for sustainable development in South Africa with specific reference to carbon trading." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6557.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world has been engaged in a global ‘development project’ since the late 1940s. This process gained new momentum with the end of colonialism and the emergence of newly independent countries, all of them plagued with high levels of poverty. Traditional models of economic growth based on industrialization and import-substitution did not deliver the expected results to reduce poverty, especially in Africa. New ways of engaging with development emerged; in particular the basic needs approach in the 1970s and later the human development approach. Independently a new environmental movement surfaced in the 1960s, responding to the rallying call of global environmental destruction as a result of economic activities. For the first time a global language on the limitations nature presents to development emerged. The ‘movement’ received particular traction with the emergence of global climate disruption as the single largest global environmental issue. ‘Human needs’, represented by the anthropocentrists, and ‘environmental limitations’, represented by environmentalists were merged in an uncomfortable union to give birth to the notion of sustainable development. Yet, as a result of a large variety of perspectives, no agreement has been reached on what sustainable development means or should achieve. There is agreement though that developmental needs and environmental challenges are both urgent. An important unanswered question is how the world will pay for sustainable development interventions. Some interesting ideas on alternative sources of development finance has been around for a while, yet has not found practical application. Carbon finance, an innovative new source of funding, is an exception. This exploratory research was conducted by reviewing existing relevant literature using the inductive logic technique. It was initiated as a result of specific experiences leading the researcher to some general ‘truths’. The findings revealed that carbon markets, which are primarily focussed on reducing carbon emissions and which in itself makes a positive contribution to sustainability, has over the last few years successfully leveraged billions of dollars for investment in sustainable development projects globally. Some of these have the added advantage of co-benefits for the poor. Its role is set to expand as a source of development finance. South Africa has the potential to earn large amounts from carbon trading, assisting the country to move to a more sustainable development trajectory. The findings concluded that realising this potential will require a more focussed approach, especially from the South African Government.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld is sedert die 1940s besig met ‘n grootskaalse ‘ontwikkelingsprojek’. Die proses het nuwe momentum gekry teen die einde van die koloniale tydperk. Die nuut onafhanklike state het almal gebuk gegaan onder hoë vlakke van armoede. Tradisionele modelle van ekonomiese groei gebasseer op industrialisasie en invoer vervanging, het nie die verwagte resultate in terme van armoede verligting - veral in Afrika - gehad nie. Nuwe benaderings tot ontwikkeling - spesifiek die ‘basiese behoeftesbenadering’ in die 1970s en later die menslike ontwikkelingsbenadering – is ontwikkel met die hoop dat dit beter resultate sal lewer om armoede hok te slaan. Terselfdertyd het ‘n nuwe omgewingsbeweging in die 1960s ontstaan, in reaksie op die vernietig van die natuur deur die mens se ekonomiese aktiwiteite. Die gevolg was dat daar ‘n internasionale taal onstaan het wat die beperkinge wat die natuur op ontwikkeling plaas kon verwoord. Dit het veral momentum gekry met die bewuswording dat aardverwarming die wêreld se grootste omgewingsuitdaging bied. Mense se behoeftes soos verwoord deur antroposentriste, en omgewingsbeperkings soos verwoord deur omgewingskundiges, het bymekaargekom om die nuwe konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling te vorm. As gevolg van ‘n groot verskeidenheid van interpretasies is daar geen ooreenstemming oor wat volhoubare ontwikkeling beteken of behoort te bereik nie. Waaroor daar wel ooreenstemming is, is die feit dat die wêreld se behoefte aan ontwikkeling sowel as die omgewingsuitdagings beide dringend is. ‘n Belangrike vraag wat niemand nog kon beantwoord nie, is hoe die wêreld gaan betaal vir volhoubare ontwikkelingsprojekte. Alhoewel daar ‘n paar kreatiewe idees vir alternatiewe bronne van ontwikkelingsfinansiering die rondte doen, het nog nie een daarvan praktiese beslag gekry nie. Die enigste vindingryke nuwe bron van ontwikkelingsfinansiering wat wel geïmplimenteer is, is koolstof finansiering. Dié ondersoekende navorsing is gedoen deur middel van ‘n literatuur studie van bestaande relevante materiaal, deur gebruik te maak van die induktiewe logika tegniek. Die studie is geïnisieer as gevolg van spesifieke ondervindings wat die navorser gelei het na algemene ‘waarhede’. Bevindinge uit die studie het aangedui dat koolstof markte, wat primêr ten doel het om die vrystel van aardverwarmingsgasse te beperk en dus opsigself ‘n positiewe bydrae tot volhoubaarheid lewer, oor die laaste paar jaar daarin geslaag het om miljarde dollars beskikbaar te maak vir volhoubare ontwikkelingsprojekte wêreldwyd. Sommige hiervan het die voordeel dat dit arm gemeenskappe bevoordeel. Die rol van die koolstofmarkte gaan in die toekoms toeneem. Suid Afrika het die potensiaal om groot bedrae te verdien uit koolstof finansiering, wat die land behoort te help om op ‘n meer volhoubare ontwikkelingspad voort te gaan. Die bevindinge sluit af deur aan te dui dat die realisering van dié potensiaal ‘n baie meer gefokusde benadering deur veral die Suid Afrikaanse Regering gaan vereis.
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Paulse, Janine. "Sources of occupational stress for teachers, with specific reference to the inclusive education module in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1706_1180439834.
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The aim of this paper was to identify the sources of stress for teachers involved with inclusive education as well as whether there is a statistically significant difference in stress experienced by teachers based on their biographical details. In this research the focus was on intellectual disability.
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White, Albert E. S. "The uses, sources and production of salt in Wales : with particular reference to the Swansea and Gower areas." Thesis, Swansea University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539445.
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Gardner, Michael D. "Scan-Based Near-Field Acoustical Holography on Partially Correlated Sources." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3167.pdf.
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Baigent, Elizabeth. "Bristol society in the later eighteenth century with special reference to the handling by computer of fragmentary historical sources." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1c29c607-abe8-486b-9694-e11682413a3a.
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There has been little interest in eighteenth century urban history in England and particularly in the significance of patterns of urban social structure during the transition from a traditional to a modern society. One reason for this is the intractable and fragmentary nature of the sources for this precensus period. In this study three types of source, a town directory, a Parliamentary Poll Book and the city rate and national tax returns for Bristol in 1774/5, were collated using nominal record linkage techniques to give a body of information which covered 80% of the city's heads of household. With the use of this database and various computer techniques occupation, sex, wealth, place of residence and voting allegiance were analysed. The results suggest that a professional or leisured suburban group was by this date well established in distinct areas of the city. The supremacy of the traditional élite, the overseas merchants, was challenged by this group, although the merchants themselves were in part joining the suburban dwellers. Poorer Bristolians still concentrated in dockside parishes and in parts of the city which were becoming increasingly unfashionable and homogeneous as the richer men moved out, though this process was not very far advanced and there was still a degree of mixing in the older city parishes. The economic structure of the city was changing with increased emphasis on services, professions and distribution. This increased disparities in wealth within the city and between the city and its hinterland and gave the ability to the rich to further their isolation from the poor by moving to the suburbs. The 1774 election pointed to the continuing importance of traditional influences (here of religion) In society, but also confirmed suggestions that the professions and distributors were drawing away from the mass of the populace. A revision of previous interpretations of the nature of Bristol society is necessary to accommodate this growing and important group - the emergent middle class. The thesis shows that a comprehensive computer-based study can make usable dubious sources (in particular fiscal records) and use them to revise interpretations of English urban communities at this date.
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Bouffet, Romuald. "Evolution de la structure VLBI des sources de l'ICRF : lien entre astrométrie et astrophysique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0083/document.
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Les Noyaux Actifs de Galaxies (AGN) se situent au centre de galaxies extrêmement lointainesdont la luminosité provient de l’interaction d’un trou noir central supermassif et d’undisque d’accrétion. Il en résulte l’éjection à des vitesses relativistes de jets de matière collimatés.L’interférométrie à très longue base (VLBI) permet, grâce aux très grandes résolutionsatteintes, d’observer finement la structure de ces jets et de déterminer très précisément laposition astrométrique des objets. En raison de leur distance, les AGN ne présentent pas demouvements propres, ce qui les rend idéaux pour la construction de systèmes de référenceultra-précis et très stables.Des instabilités en position de quelques centaines de microsecondes d’arc, généralementimputées aux variations de la structure des jets, sont toutefois souvent observées sur des échellesde temps de quelques mois à quelques années. Le travail présenté ici étudie le lien entre les deuxphénomènes de façon statistique. Sur la base d’observations VLBI régulières conduites entre1994 et 2003, nous comparons l’évolution de la position astrométrique et de la structure des jetspour un échantillon de 68 AGN sur une période de 10 ans. Les résultats de l’étude indiquent quela corrélation entre les deux phénomènes existe mais n’est pas aussi forte qu’attendue. Le travailest complété par une simulation des effets causés sur la trajectoire des jets par la précessiondu disque d’accrétion ainsi que par la présence d’un système binaire de trous noirs. Appliquéeau cas de la source 1308+326, l’étude montre que l’amplitude de ces effets est compatible avecles oscillations de la trajectoire observées en VLBIActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are located in the center of extremely distant and bright galaxies. Their luminosity comes from the interaction between a super-massive central blackhole and an accretion disk, producing a relativistic collimated jet of matter. Thanks to the extremely high resolution achieved by Very Long Base line Interferometry (VLBI), the jet structure may be studied in detail, while the astrometric position of the AGN is determined with ahigh accuracy. Because of their location at cosmological distances, no proper motions are detected for those objects, making them ideal fiducial points for building highly-precise celestial reference frames.Instabilities up to a few hundreds of micro arc seconds are yet often observed in astrometricpositions on time scales from months to years. This is generally thought to be caused by theevolution of source structure. The study presented here investigates the correlation between the two phenomena on a statistical basis. Based on regular VLBI observations conducted between1994 and 2003, astrometric position variations and source structure evolution are compared fora sample of 68 AGN over a period of 10 years. The results indicate that a correlation between the two phenomena does exist but it is not as strong as expected. Additionally, a simulation of the effects caused by the precession of the accretion disc and the potential presence of abinary black hole in the center of the AGN is presented. Applied to the source 1308+326, the simulation shows that the magnitude of the effects is consistent with the oscillations of the jet trajectory observed on VLBI scale
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Merzougui, Djamel. "An enquiry into the sources of error in the written work of Algerian learners of English, with special reference to the relative influence of Arabic and French as sources of interference." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282729.
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Rochard, Susan Caroline. "Meditation on selflessness : an inquiry into Candrakīrti's philosophical analysis of the self with reference to Theravāda, Tibetan, and Western sources." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608034.
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Carlyle, Leslie. "The artist's assistant : oil painting instruction manuals and handbooks in Britain 1800-1900 : with reference to selected eighteenth-century sources /." London : Archetype, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38879533t.
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Lee, Francis Hyeongwoo. "A web-based universal encyclopedia/dictionary." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1812.
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Paveley, C. F. "Heavy metal sources and distribution in soils, with special reference to Wales : Background ranges, threshold concentrations and sources of lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron in A and B soil horizons." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233744.
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Ramson, Ryan R. "VLBI observations of the candidate guide stars and the reference sources for the spaceborne NASA/Stanford gyroscope relativity mission, Gravity Probe B." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq27373.pdf.
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Al-Shaer, Naser Eddin M. A. H. "Required daily prayers : A comparative study with special reference to the position of women in the classical sources of Islam and Judaism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501229.
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Nobes, Pauline Heather. "Neglected sources of the solo violin repertory before ca. 1750 : with special reference to unaccompanied performance, scordatura and other aspects of violin technique." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341168.
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Cradock, Caroline. "A study of selected manuscript sources of French organ music of the 17th and early 18th centuries, with particular reference to the organ mass." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24496.
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This thesis looks at three previously unstudied manuscript sources of French Classical organ music, and analyses the music within the two of them in the context of the published repertoire. After an introduction to altermatim performance and the ecclesiastical prescriptions governing this music, the author considers the extant repertoire of French Classical organ music in manuscript form, and the work which has so far been done on it. Volume 1 of the thesis consists of two parts. Part 1 contains three manuscript studies: D-MbsMus.Ms.1503k (c1660); B-BrMs.lll1508 (early 18th century);and F-PcMS4689 (early 18th century). The first manuscript contains figured bass and incomplete sketches of liturgical pieces, including a Messe double, as well as a number of written out fantaisies. The other two manuscripts contain fully-written out pieces. B-BrMs.lll1508 begins with a Messe du Huitiesme Ton, and contains a number of suites, as well as a few harpsichord and vocal pieces. Although the pieces in F-PcMS4689 may appear to be unlinked and do not bear liturgical attributions, the author shows that this manuscript in fact contains three organ masses, as well as a number of harpsichord pieces. The second part of volume 1 is devoted to an analysis of the music within the later two manuscripts – B-BrMs.lll1508 and F-PcMS4689 – in comparison with that in the published repertoire. Only a small number of such studies have been undertaken, the most significant being Morche (1979); Gallat-Morin (1988); and Ponsford (1999); and amongst these, only Gallat-Morin has considered any of the manuscript sources available. Volume 2 presents a modern transcription of F-PcMS4689.
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Ghosh, Tapan Kumar. "An exploration into the sources of finances of panchayats in west bengal with special reference to darjeeling & dakshin dinajpur district of north bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1332.
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Salido-Ruiz, Ricardo Antonio. "Problèmes inverses contraints en EEG : applications aux potentiels absolus et à l'influence du signal de référence dans l'analyse de l'EEG." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0403/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du prétraitement des signaux EEG et s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux perturbations dues à la référence de mesure non nulle. Les perturbations induites par une fluctuation électrique de la référence peuvent engendrer des erreurs d'analyse comme on peut aisément le constater sur les mesures de synchronisation inter-signaux (par exemple la cohérence). Donc, la référence idéale serait une référence nulle. Au cours des travaux développés, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'estimation des potentiels électriques dit absolus (référence nulle) à partir d'une reformulation du problème inverse. Deux cas sont traités, soit la référence est suffisamment éloignée des sources électrophysiologiques cérébrales et de fait elle peut être considérée comme indépendante, sinon, elle est modélisée comme une combinaison linéaire des autres sources. Grâce à cette modélisation, il a été montré explicitement que les meilleures estimations des potentiels absolus sans aucune information a priori sont les potentiels calculés par rapport à une référence moyenne. D'autre part, le problème inverse de la référence source-indépendante est résolu dans un contexte de type séparation de sources. Il a été démontré que la meilleure estimation des potentiels absolus sans aucune information a priori est équivalente à l'estimateur MPDR/MVDR (Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response). Concernant le prétraitement de données EEG, on montre sur signaux simulés et réels que les potentiels mesurés transformés en référence moyenne améliorent certaines méthodes d'analyse utilisées en EEG telles que la séparation aveugle des sources (BSS) et la localisation de sources cérébrales. Au delà des problèmes de référence, la méthode peut être appliquée sous contraintes pour estimer de façon plus robuste des sources singulières telles que les artefacts ou une stimulation électrique exogène déterministeThis thesis concerns the issue of scalp EEG signals pre-processing and it is focused on signal's disturbances caused by non zero reference measurements. These signals perturbations induced by an electrical fluctuation of reference signal can lead to misinterpretation errors in certains analysis. This can be easily seen in inter-signal synchronization measurements such as in coherence studies. Thus, the ideal reference is a null reference. During this research work, we focused on the absolute (zero-reference) potentials estimation from a inverse problem reformulation. Here, two cases are treated, one deals with the case of a reference signal that is sufficiently distant from electrophysiological brain sources so, it is considered as independent signal ; otherwise, it is modeled as a linear combination of sources. Thanks to this modeling, it was shown explicitly that the best estimates of absolute potentials without any a priori information are the average reference potentials. On the other hand, the source-independent reference inverse problem is resolved in a source separation context. For this case, it has been shown that the best estimate of the absolute potentials without any a priori information is equivalent to Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR/MPDR) estimators. On the pretreatment of EEG data, we show on simulated and real signals that measured potentials transformed into average reference improve certain analytical methods used in EEG such as blind source separation (BSS) and localization of brain sources. Beyond the problems of reference, this method can be applied as a constrained source estimation algorithm in order to estimate in a more robust way, particular sources such as artifacts or deterministic exogenous electrical stimulation
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Carlyle, Leslie Anne. "A critical analysis of artists' handbooks, manuals and treatises on oil painting published in Britain between 1800-1900 : with reference to selected eighteenth century sources." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320006.
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Salone, Jean-Jacques. "Les références praxéologiques dans les systèmes didactiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3021/document.
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Quels sont les savoirs qui font référence dans une classe ? Au delà de ceux à enseigner, d'autres sont en jeu comme ceux que les élèves ou les enseignants possèdent à titre personnel et qui s'enracinent dans la vie courante, la société, les cultures et les civilisations. Dans ce mémoire, un état des lieux des sources de références praxéologiques utilisées dans les classes ou suggérées par les institutions scolaires est dressé. Il s'appuie sur un concept de référence essentiellement modélisé à partir des cadres fournis par la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique et par la Théorie de l'Action Conjointe en Didactique. Élargissant la question de la référence à celle des ouvertures écologiques possibles des classes, nous entrons ensuite dans le paradigme de questionnement du monde. Quelques dispositifs propices à la diversification des sources praxéologiques et à l'accroissement des rôles des élèves sont alors proposés et mis en œuvre dans deux Parcours d'Étude et de RechercheWhat knowledge does a class refer to? Beyond the official one, students and teachers involve theirs and thus deeply root the courses in everyday life, society, cultures and civilizations. In this thesis, an overview of the praxeological references' sources used in classes or suggested by scholar institutions is proposed. The concept of reference itself is derived from the theorical frameworks provided by the Anthropological Theory of Didactic and the Theory of Joint Action in Teaching. Extending the question to the one of the possible ecological openings of classes, we then integrate the paradigms of world's questionning and active learning. Several teaching schemes are finally described and implemented in order to diversificate the references' sources and to increase students' roles
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Wilson, Adelyn Lorraine McKenzie. "Sources and method of the Institutions of the law of Scotland by Sir James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, with specific reference to the law of obligations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6205.
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This thesis examines the sources and method used by Sir James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, when writing and revising his seminal work, the Institutions of the Law of Scotland (1681). In doing so, it focuses particularly on Stair’s titles on the law of obligations. The thesis shows how Stair used learned authority and continental legal treatises. It demonstrates that Stair relied particularly upon Hugo Grotius’ De jure belli ac pacis (1625), Petrus Gudelinus’ De jure novissimo (1620), and Arnoldus Vinnius’ Commentarius academicus et forensis (1642), and, to a lesser extent, Vinnius’ Jurisprudentia contracta (1624-1631) and Arnoldus Corvinus’ Digesta per aphorismos (1642). It establishes when, in the process of writing and later revising the Institutions, Stair first used and when he returned to these continental legal treatises. It explains Stair’s pattern of borrowing from these treatises, and shows how his method and pattern of borrowing changed as he revised the Institutions. It establishes Stair’s purpose in consulting each of these works and how he was influenced by them. Overall, the thesis explains Stair’s method of writing and his use of sources and authorities, places his work in the context of continental jurisprudence, and thus significantly enhances current understanding of Stair’s Institutions.
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Jeffreys, David Glenmor. "Written and graphic sources for an archaeological survey of Memphis, Egypt : from 500 BCE to 1900 CE, with special reference to the papers of Joseph Hekekyan." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313781.
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Lapière, Marie. "Le langage des sources dans les Trois Villes d'Emile Zola. La dialectique de la foi et de la raison." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA035.
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La trilogie des Trois Villes est un cycle à part dans l’œuvre de Zola, notamment parce qu’elle s’enracine dans la problématique de son temps, au sein de la bataille entre la foi et la raison. Ce travail a pour ambition d’étudier comment elle participe à cette bataille en analysant ses principales sources afin de mettre au jour le passage d’un Zola lecteur à un Zola créateur, soit la lecture comme enrichissement de l’écriture romanesque. Ainsi, la dialectique entre la foi et la raison est menée par Zola avec ses sources, qu’elles lui servent de repoussoirs ou de modèles. À travers la réflexion et la réflexivité de la lecture et de l’écriture, dans un jeu constant de divergences et de convergences, le processus de création se trouve éclairé par la dynamique permanente des sources aux dossiers puis des dossiers aux romans, ces derniers étant le résultat d’une herméneutique des premières. De fait, chaque source est évaluée à l’aune de l’expérimentation romanesque. De Lourdes à Rome, puis de Rome à Paris, les romans, placés sous le signe de l’empirisme, signent la faillite du catholicisme auquel la science assène le coup fatal. La trilogie apparaît donc comme la réponse à une société en quête de repères et que l’Église voudrait guérir par une saignée de la raison. Le catholicisme mort, il faut donc proposer autre chose pour fonder une société nouvelle et satisfaire le besoin de croire intrinsèque à l’homme. Telle est l’ambition du romancier. C’est pourquoi, révéler le rapport de Zola à ses sources, c’est analyser Les Trois Villes comme des romans-expérience, véritable réponse du romancier, en plus de revenir au fondement même de l’écriture comme matrice du paradigme zolienThe Three Cities are not as any Zola’s work as it is rooted in the problematic of its era struggling between faith and reason. This thesis aims at studying how Zola’s cycle contributes to this dichotomy throughout the study of his reference sources. It enhances the transition of Zola from being a reader to a creator, i.e. reading as an improvement in the process of fictional writing. Therefore, either he rejected or used these sources as a model, they are at the core of his work to deal with the dialectic between faith and reason. Through the writing and the reading’s reflection and reflexivity, in a constant game of divergences and convergences, the process of creation is enlightened by the permanent dynamic from the sources to the drafts and the drafts to the novels. The novels are the result of hermeneutics of the sources. Each source is assessed in the light of experimenting the fictional writing process. From Lourdes to Rome, then from Rome to Paris, these empiricist novels reveal the fall of Catholicism and how science finally put an end to it. This trilogy can be seen as an answer of a society willing to find new bearings while the Church would try but fail to heal it by draining reason. The end of Catholicism must be followed by something else to establish a new society and fulfill human beings’ need to believe. This is the novelist’s ambition. That’s why, highlighting the connection between Zola and his reference sources enables us to read The Three Cities as a « novel-experience». It is a real answer from the novelist as much as it helps returning to the true bases of writing, writing as a Zola’s paradigm
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Zon, Bennett Mitchell. "Plaichant in the eighteenth-century Roman Catholic Church in England (1737-1834) : an examination of surviving printed and manuscript sources with particular reference to the work of John F. Wade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358578.
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Salido-Ruiz, Ricardo Antonio. "Problèmes inverses contraints en EEG : applications aux potentiels absolus et à l'influence du signal de référence dans l'analyse de l'EEG." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0403.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du prétraitement des signaux EEG et s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux perturbations dues à la référence de mesure non nulle. Les perturbations induites par une fluctuation électrique de la référence peuvent engendrer des erreurs d'analyse comme on peut aisément le constater sur les mesures de synchronisation inter-signaux (par exemple la cohérence). Donc, la référence idéale serait une référence nulle. Au cours des travaux développés, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'estimation des potentiels électriques dit absolus (référence nulle) à partir d'une reformulation du problème inverse. Deux cas sont traités, soit la référence est suffisamment éloignée des sources électrophysiologiques cérébrales et de fait elle peut être considérée comme indépendante, sinon, elle est modélisée comme une combinaison linéaire des autres sources. Grâce à cette modélisation, il a été montré explicitement que les meilleures estimations des potentiels absolus sans aucune information a priori sont les potentiels calculés par rapport à une référence moyenne. D'autre part, le problème inverse de la référence source-indépendante est résolu dans un contexte de type séparation de sources. Il a été démontré que la meilleure estimation des potentiels absolus sans aucune information a priori est équivalente à l'estimateur MPDR/MVDR (Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response). Concernant le prétraitement de données EEG, on montre sur signaux simulés et réels que les potentiels mesurés transformés en référence moyenne améliorent certaines méthodes d'analyse utilisées en EEG telles que la séparation aveugle des sources (BSS) et la localisation de sources cérébrales. Au delà des problèmes de référence, la méthode peut être appliquée sous contraintes pour estimer de façon plus robuste des sources singulières telles que les artefacts ou une stimulation électrique exogène déterministeThis thesis concerns the issue of scalp EEG signals pre-processing and it is focused on signal's disturbances caused by non zero reference measurements. These signals perturbations induced by an electrical fluctuation of reference signal can lead to misinterpretation errors in certains analysis. This can be easily seen in inter-signal synchronization measurements such as in coherence studies. Thus, the ideal reference is a null reference. During this research work, we focused on the absolute (zero-reference) potentials estimation from a inverse problem reformulation. Here, two cases are treated, one deals with the case of a reference signal that is sufficiently distant from electrophysiological brain sources so, it is considered as independent signal ; otherwise, it is modeled as a linear combination of sources. Thanks to this modeling, it was shown explicitly that the best estimates of absolute potentials without any a priori information are the average reference potentials. On the other hand, the source-independent reference inverse problem is resolved in a source separation context. For this case, it has been shown that the best estimate of the absolute potentials without any a priori information is equivalent to Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR/MPDR) estimators. On the pretreatment of EEG data, we show on simulated and real signals that measured potentials transformed into average reference improve certain analytical methods used in EEG such as blind source separation (BSS) and localization of brain sources. Beyond the problems of reference, this method can be applied as a constrained source estimation algorithm in order to estimate in a more robust way, particular sources such as artifacts or deterministic exogenous electrical stimulation
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Schmid, Sabine. "'Keeping the sources pure' : the making of George Mackay Brown : a comparative study of his work, with special reference to his reception of Edwin Muir, Gerard Manley Hopkins and Thomas Mann." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22618.
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In this study I attempt to draw attention to the complexities behind the "making" of George Mackay Brown. I re-address the question of his literary rating by contextualising his work within the broader framework of twentieth-century British and European literary practices and traditions of thought. Whilst duly acknowledging the significance of Brown's Orcadian background, this study is based on the perception that it is the creative tension between Orkney as a source of potent symbols and patterns and other literary and extra-literary influences that gives his work a distinct profile. Rather than following the question of what Brown did for Orkney and for Orcadian or Scottish literature and literary identity, I examine what Scottish, English and European writing and writers did for Brown and how they helped to define his aesthetic and spiritual stance. Accordingly, I set his work, for contrast and comparison among the works of writers who profoundly influenced him. After establishing the background to Brown-scholarship in chapter one, clarifying the reception of Brown in Britain as well as discussing factors that affected the evaluation of his work, I proceed in chapter two with a consideration of Brown's and Muir's literary and personal relationship. Chapter three establishes a case of affinity and influence between Hopkins and Brown. Separated chronologically, the two poets are yet remarkably contemporaneous in their spiritual vision and their approach to poetry and the word. Hopkins provided a stimulus for Brown to look for a system that would allow him to exercise and deploy the latent power and the unused resources in the English language. Moreover, their shared religious beliefs are further connected to their prophetic and bardic conception of the poetic office and the poetic techniques they use.
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Bennaji, Yousef. "Echoes of the fall of the Umayyads in traditional and modern sources : a case study of the final eight years of the Umayyad Empire with some reference to Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20845.
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The prolonged decline of the Umayyads is among the most intriguing episodes in Muslim history, and has generated a lasting impact on subsequent Muslim socio-political and religious thinking. The early sources for the Umayyad period comprise various conflicting reports, and problems of reconstruction become more complex since most sources were composed during Abbāsid times, meaning they were generally hostile towards the Umayyads. The time frame of the study covers the last eight years of the Umayyad empire; more precisely the period from the death of Hishām b. Abd al-Malik (d. 125/743) to the end of the Umayyad era 132/750. Meticulous and careful examination of the pre-modern sources, combined with modern research approaches has helped in identifying the objectives of various early historiographers in their descriptions of Umayyad decline. The study focuses primarily on analysing the pre-modern sources (specifically al-Ya'qubi, al-Tabari, al-Mas'udi, Ibn Athir and Ibn Khaldun) and applies a thematic approach to the source materials, through which the various strands that defined and illustrated that decline can be followed. This makes it possible to evaluate how extensively each of three themes (the role of religious movements, the mawāli, and al-'asabiya) was dealt with in the early historiographies and to what extent they differ from one another. The development of religious ideas and how they contributed to the fall of the Umayyads and the rise of oppositional forces is also central in this regard and three religious movements (the 'Abbasids, Khawarij, and Qadariya) are explored. On the basis of the information gleaned from comparing the writings of the early historiographers, the study has also adopted a comparative study of modern historiography and approaches in assessing the Umayyad fall. Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony is used to explain and interpret aspects of the formation and development of the Umayyad period; it can also be used to assess the viability of the ideology, organisation and strategy of the early oppositional movements as a counter-hegemonic ideological force.
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Werth, Keri Mariken. "A study of a late thirteenth-century composite Office book (Cape Town, National Library of South Africa,MS Grey 4b5) with reference to selected manuscript sources from the diocese of Münster in Westphalia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30514.
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MS Grey 4b5 (Cape Town, National Library of South Africa, Grey Collection, ms. 4.b.5) is a composite Office book comprised of a noted breviary and an antiphoner. It is dated in the late 13th to early 14th century and is from the city of Münster, Westphalia. The notation of the melodies makes use of Hufnagelschrift and the texts show various stages of Textualis Gothica throughout the entirety of the book. This manuscript gives an indication of liturgical practices in the city of Münster prior to the Anabaptist takeover between 1533 and 1535. This investigation has confirmed a number of facts. Analysis of the text indicates that the breviary section is from the late 14th century as the scribe made use of the fully developed letter forms of Textualis Gothica script. The antiphoner section shows evidence of earlier stages of Textualis Gothica in its many hands, thus placing it in the late 13th century. The textual and notational hands overlap in such a way as to indicate that the antiphoner was written in the same location. Studies on the feast of Corpus Christi in Grey 4b5 with references to sources in Vincent Corrigan’s edition and other sources from Münster reveal that Grey 4b5 contains an early version of the standardised Office, as well as a wholly unique responsory and verse in Vespers. In the same vein, expansion of Morné Bezuidenhout’s initial investigation of the feast of Saint Liudger in Grey 4b5 confirms the manuscript’s provenance to be from the city of Münster. Musical editions of Corpus Christi and Saint Liudger are included in this investigation. Studies on late style characteristics of the music in the Office of Corpus Christi, with reference to research by David Hiley and Roman Hankeln, indicate that while Grey 4b5 contains an early version of the standardised Office of Corpus Christi, it shows slightly more radical features than other sources in this edition. Comparative studies of late style characteristics in the Office of Corpus Christi with Saint Liudger show that, despite its radical style, the musical items for Corpus Christi seemed to have been composed more conservatively than those for Saint Liudger. Additional analyses on contrafacta - with reference to László Dobszay and Janka Szendrei - and on the great responsories of Corpus Christi - with reference to Kate Helsen’s study - also support this evidence. Investigations on the musical content of Grey 4b5 reveal some items that are completely unique to the manuscript. There are also items in Grey 4b5 that correspond solely with sources in the diocese of Münster. A provisional index of the musical content of the Grey manuscript is provided at the end of this dissertation, the complete version of which will soon be available on the CANTUS database.
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Dereure, Erwan. "Quantitative analysis of bioluminescent signals in preclinical imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS090.
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L'imagerie par bioluminescence (BLI) est une technologie d'imagerie optique dans laquelle un organisme ou cellule vivant émet de la lumière à travers une réaction biologique substrat/enzyme sans aucune excitation lumineuse. Cette technologie, utilisée en oncologie préclinique afin de quantifier l'état des tumeurs de manière non invasive, est encore assez récente et, pour l'instant, les biologistes manquent d'outils de traitement automatisé pour améliorer la quantification des images. De plus, certains protocoles expérimentaux nécessitent l'extraction du flux de photons de plusieurs tumeurs situées sur le côté de l'animal. Cela peut être difficile et peut introduire des erreurs et des biais car la BLI souffre d'un manque de robustesse en raison d'une variabilité dans la vascularisation, ou des zones hypoxiques et nécrotiques au sein des tumeurs. Dans ce travail, nous proposons l'utilisation de la factorisation en matrices non négatives pour séparer le flux de photons de différentes tumeurs au sein de la même image de bioluminescence en tirant parti des différents patterns temporels pixel par pixel. Un tel démélange spatio-temporel présente plusieurs importants défis que nous avons relevés. Dans une première contribution, nous utilisons des connaissances préalables sur l'apparence des tumeurs et montrons l'importance de pénaliser la norme des coefficients d'ondelettes correspondant aux sources estimées pendant le processus d'optimisation afin d'obtenir une forte cohérence spatiale des tumeurs démêlées. Dans une deuxième contribution, nous traitons les fortes hétérogénéités au sein des tumeurs corrompant la séparation en présentant une chaîne de traitement dédiée pour pré-aligner le flux de photons des différents pixels. Nous montrons que la méthode résultante est capable d'extraire avec précision le flux de photons de différentes tumeurs présentes dans une seule image de bioluminescence. Ces algorithmes ont été testés et validés sur deux ensembles de données réelles de BLI et sur un ensemble de données synthétiques généré avec un simulateur d'image de bioluminescence que nous avons conçu et développé. Dans une troisième contribution, nous proposons un modèle de pharmacocinétique pour calibrer le flux de photons de la tumeur en fonction du signal de bioluminescence émis par un muscle. Cela nous permet d'extraire des paramètres physiologiques significatifs de l'image comme les taux d'échange de substrat. Nous montrons que ces paramètres représentent des caractéristiques significatives de l'état de la tumeur et peuvent être utilisés pour améliorer la quantification des images de bioluminescenceBioluminescence imaging (BLI) is an optical imaging technology in which a living organism or cell emits light through a biological substrate/enzyme reaction without any light excitation.This technology, used in preclinical oncology in order to quantify the tumor status in a non-invasive way, is still quite recent and for now biologists lack automated processing tools to improve the quantification of images. In addition, some experimental protocols require to extract the photon flux of multiple tumors on the same side of the animal. This can be difficult and can introduce errors and biases as BLI suffers from a lack of robustness because of a variability in vascularization, or hypoxic and necrotic zones within the tumors. In this work, we propose the use of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization to separate the photon flux of different tumors within the same bioluminescence image by leveraging the different pixel-wise temporal patterns. Such spatio-temporal unmixing yields several important challenges that we have tackled. In a first contribution, we use prior knowledge on the appearance of the tumors and show the importance of penalizing the norm of the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the sources estimated during the optimization process to obtain a high spatial consistency of unmixed tumors. In a second contribution we deal with strong heterogeneities within tumors corrupting the separation by presenting a dedicated pipeline for pre-aligning the photon flux of the different pixels. We show that the resulting method is capable of accurately extracting the photon flux of different tumors present within a single bioluminescence image. These algorithms were tested and validated on two real BLI datasets and on one synthetic dataset generated with a bioluminescence image simulator we designed and developed. In a third contribution, we propose a pharmacokinetics model to calibrate the tumor photon flux based on the bioluminescence signal emitted by a muscle. This allows us to extract meaningful physiological parameters from the image like substrate exchange rates. We show that these parameters represent significant features of the tumor state and can be used to improve the quantification of bioluminescence images
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Robinson, James Jeffrey. "Adult education and the imperative to control : a study of the sources, characteristics and the exercise of power and control in adult education enterprises in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with special reference to county of Surrey." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847954/.
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A purpose of historical sociology is to search out universal patterns within a historical perspective. The almost universal concern of the Victorian governing classes with the question of social control and the problem of order suggests such a pattern. This study seeks to direct new evidence towards confirming or denying the validity of this, by examining the exercise of power in nineteenth and early twentieth century adult education. Thus the discontinuities which determine the historical period under investigation coincide with the acceleration of working-class political demands at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and with the promise of a 'new beginning' heralded by the Final Report (Adult Education Committee) of the Ministry of Reconstruction, at the beginning of the twentieth. A great deal of history is written 'from above', i.e, from the standpoint of those who have had the charge of running or influencing the educational activities of other people. To counter this tendency, insights and data emanating 'from below' are, where possible, set against insights and data emanating 'from above', in order to generate a more general theory and in order to delimit the boundaries of existing theory. Hitherto, attention has mainly concentrated on studies of adult education institutions in the northern counties of England; particularly Lancashire and Yorkshire. They are rich sources of evidence, and represent the existing caucus of theory. However, adult education in the southern counties was developing apace in the nineteenth century. A particular relevance of this study is therefore that it is supported by hitherto unrevealed and unresearched data from the county of Surrey; data which reinforce or otherwise qualify those general conclusions drawn from previous studies.
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Fricke, Lukas [Verfasser]. "A self-referenced single-electron current source / Lukas Fricke." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069937371/34.
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Aldelaijan, Saad. "Reference dosimetry of HDR Ir-192 brachytherapy source using radiochromic film." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95205.
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A protocol of establishing radiochromic film based reference dosimetry for high dose rate Ir-192 brachytherapy source was assessed and described. A comparison between calibration curves created in water and Solid Water are provided. Solid Water was shown to be a viable alternative to water in establishing calibration curve for Ir-192 radiation beam. A Monte Carlo correction factor was calculated to convert the dose to water into dose to Solid Water and the experimental methods that we performed agreed with the Monte Carlo results where the ratio (DSW/DW)Ir-192 was found to be 0.9808 ± 0.14% (1σ). EBT-2 GAFCHROMIC film model was also investigated for absorption properties and found to be a less sensitive than its predecessor (EBT-1) in terms of net change of absorbance, but that did not affect the dosimetric value that this film possesses. A dose error assessment method has been described for EBT-2 film model (and is applicable to other types as well) that can establish the time error constraints on the post-irradiation scanning time that will still provide an acceptable dose error for clinical applications if the protocol employing the shorter post-irradiation scanning time is implemented in the clinic. We show that for two post-irradiation scanning times of 30 minutes and 24 hours the 1% dose error can be granted if the scanning time window is less than ± 5 minutes and ± 2 hours, respectively. Performance of EBT-2 model was also evaluated in water and it was concluded that a suggested correction protocol is necessary for immersion times that exceed 2 hours. This correction was tested with the calibration curve created from water setup and found to be effective when compared to the dose-corrected calibration curve in Solid Water.Un protocole d'établir film radiochromique dosimétrie de référence en fonction de débit de dose élevé source Ir-192 curiethérapie été évalués et décrits. Une comparaison entre les courbes d'étalonnage créé dans l'eau et Solid WaterTM sont fournis. Solid WaterTM s'est révélée être une alternative viable à l'eau dans l'établissement de la courbe d'étalonnage pour les Ir-192 faisceau de rayonnement. Un facteur de correction de Monte Carlo a été calculé pour convertir la dose à l'eau en dose à Solid WaterTM et les méthodes expérimentales que nous avons réalisé d'accord avec les résultats de Monte Carlo où le ratio (DSW/DW)Ir-192 a été trouvé à 0.9808 ± 0.14% (1σ). EBT-2 modèle GAFCHROMICTM film a également été étudiée pour les propriétés d'absorption et jugé être un moins sensible que son prédécesseur (EBT-1) en termes de variation nette de l'absorbance, mais cela n'a pas d'incidence sur la valeur dosimétrique que ce film possède. Une méthode d'évaluation des doses d'erreur a été décrit pour le modèle EBT-2 film (et est applicable à d'autres types ainsi) qui permet d'établir les contraintes de temps d'erreur sur le post-irradiation temps de balayage, qui va encore donner une erreur de dose acceptable pour des applications cliniques, si le protocole emploie le plus court post-irradiation de numérisation temps est mis en uvre dans la clinique. Nous montrons que pour deux post-irradiation de numérisation fois de 30 minutes et 24 heures, la dose d'erreur de 1% peut être accordée si la fenêtre de temps de balayage est inférieure à ± 5 minutes et de ± 2 heures, respectivement. Performance de la EBT-2 modèle a également été évaluée dans l'eau et il a été conclu un protocole de correction proposé est nécessaire pour que les temps d'immersion supérieure à 2 heures. Cette correction a été testé avec la courbe de calibration créée à partir d'installation de l'eau et ont été jugés effic
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Dunbar, Michele Debra. "Development of the Self Reference Effect and Source Memory in Childhood." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366492.
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This research examined the development of episodic memory in 4- to 6-year-old children. A defining characteristic of episodic memory is that it involves memory for the source or context in which items occurred, as well as memory for the items themselves. The present work builds on research in two areas. First, it considers the development of source memory in childhood. Research in this area has shown that compared to older children and adults, young children often perform poorly on source memory tasks. A principal aim was to determine the basis of this difficulty for young children. Second, it focuses on the self-reference effect (SRE) in memory. The SRE in memory refers to the superior memory that occurs when information is encoded in relation to the self relative to other types of contextual encoding (e.g., other-referent, semantic). Recently, SREs have been observed in item memory, but not source memory in children younger than 6 years of age. The present research was interested in investigating the basis of this disparity, and the role of the self in the development of episodic memory. A SRE paradigm in which source is operationalised as self versus other encoding-context has been used with young children (Sui & Zhu, 2005). This paradigm builds on research showing that self-recognition and the self-concept emerge early in development. Study items are pictures of common objects (e.g., chair, tree), and sources are photographs of the children themselves (self condition) or another child (other condition) pointing to the item. In the existing paradigm, the encoding phase is followed by a free recall test of items. Source memory is assessed for recalled items only. Whilst this paradigm has considerable potential for investigating the SRE and other types of source memory, there are some problems with the procedure.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Shokri-Kojori, Shokrollah. "Advanced source modelling with particular reference to fault transients in power systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760574.
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Alexandre, Maria de Fátima Duque Caçador. "O papel do profissional de responsabilidade social empresarial, seus referenciais e desafios." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1264.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-19Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Corporate Social Responsibility gains inedited prominence in history. The transformations brought or evidenced by globalization contribute for modifications in the understanding of the economic agents roles and in the models of companies relationship with society. The linear understanding that the companies role is only to provide interest for shareholders, begins to be replaced by a discussion which considers the complexity of current context, with all interactions, interdependences and potential of impact of the participative elements. After the II World War the creation of ONU made easier the creation of the first instruments of international regulation and today we have some great humanity agreements on human rights, labor rights, and environment protection among others. A number of conventions, treaties, certifications and agreements, national and international, were found, which try to guide and ensure the socially responsible behavior of the organizations in general and specifically of the companies. In this dissertation, it is presented the evolution of the understanding on corporate social responsibility, and how the concepts of ethic and sustainable development were incorporated into it. In the sequence of the work, the 33 sources of references considered more outlined for the practice of social responsibility in the organizations are mentioned. The advance of the requirements standardization and the expectation of changing of companies relationship with society made them to develop projects within this context and also enabled the arising of social responsibility professionals dedicated exclusively, in some cases and in another, employees partially dedicated, who accumulate activities of this area with other. With the purpose of knowing the reality of the corporate social responsibility professional role, surveys and interviews were carried out to identify how the active professionals see their role in the organization, the tools and reference that they use and main challenges that they face. As it is a new career, in an area also recent and with a theoretical structure still in development, it is intended to contribute for a discussion, which is still in its beginning, about the significant role of the professional that takes on these activities in a company. From the analysis of the concept evolution and survey results, the challenges and the opportunities that have been found and the competences requested by this new professional activity are identified
A Responsabilidade Social Empresarial ganha destaque inédito na história. As transformações trazidas ou evidenciadas pela globalização contribuem para alterações na compreensão dos papéis dos agentes econômicos e nos modelos de relação das empresas com a sociedade. O entendimento linear de que o papel das empresas é só dar lucro aos acionistas começa a dar lugar a uma discussão que considera a complexidade do contexto atual, com todas as interações, interdependências e potencial de impacto dos elementos participantes. Após a II Guerra Mundial a criação da ONU facilitou a criação dos primeiros instrumentos de regulação internacional e hoje temos alguns grandes acordos da humanidade sobre direitos humanos, direitos do trabalho, proteção do meio ambiente, entre outros. Encontramos uma série de convenções, tratados, certificações e acordos, nacionais e internacionais, que buscam direcionar e garantir o comportamento socialmente responsável das organizações em geral e especificamente das empresas. Neste trabalho apresentamos a evolução do entendimento da responsabilidade social empresarial, e de que forma a ela foram incorporados conceitos de ética e desenvolvimento sustentável. Citamos em seguida as 33 fontes de referências consideradas mais destacadas para a prática da responsabilidade social nas organizações. O avanço da formalização das exigências e a expectativa de mudança da relação das empresas com a sociedade levou-as a desenvolver projetos dentro desse espectro, o que possibilitou o surgimento de profissionais de responsabilidade social dedicados exclusivamente, em alguns casos e, em outros, funcionários dedicados parcialmente, que acumulam atividades dessa área com outras. Com o objetivo de conhecer a realidade do papel do profissional de responsabilidade social empresarial foram realizados survey e entrevistas para identificar como os profissionais atuantes vêem seu papel na organização, as ferramentas e referências que utilizam, e, principais desafios que encontram. Sendo uma carreira nova, numa área também recente e com um corpo teórico ainda em desenvolvimento, pretende-se contribuir para a discussão, que ainda está no seu início, sobre o importante papel do profissional que assume estas atividades na empresa. A partir da análise da evolução do conceito e dos resultados da pesquisa, identificamos os desafios e as oportunidades que se tem encontrado e as competências requeridas por essa nova atividade profissional
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Lu, Cheng, John Roach, and George Sasvari. "Utilization of an IEEE 1588 Timing Reference Source in the iNET RF Transceiver." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606168.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaSynchronization of the iNET communication link is essential for implementing the TDMA channel access control functions within the transceiver MAC transport layer, and providing coherent signal demodulation timing at the transceiver PHY layer. In the following implementation, the 1588 timing reference source is the GPS receiver. Because it is being used in the Ground Station Segment and Test Article Segment, it becomes feasible to utilize the 1588 timing reference for cross-layer (MAC+PHY) iNET transceiver synchronization. In this paper, we propose an unified iNET transceiver synchronization architecture to improve iNET transceiver performance. The results of the synchronization performance analysis are given.
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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with specific reference to Tshivenda and English." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2319.
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Thesis (M.A.(African language))--University of Limpopo, 2011The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message.
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Jose, Sanjo, and Francis Jayakanth. "Aigaion: A Web-based Open Source Software for Managing the Bibliographic References." Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105518.
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Publishing research papers is an integral part of a researcher's professional life. Every research article will invariably provide large number of citations/bibliographic references of the papers that are being cited in that article. All such citations are to be rendered in the citation style specified by a publisher and they should be accurate. Researchers, over a period of time, accumulate a large number of bibliographic references that are relevant to their research and cite relevant references in their own publications. Efficient management of bibliographic references is therefore an important task for every researcher and it will save considerable amount of researchers' time in locating the required citations and in the correct rendering of citation details. In this paper, we are reporting the features of Aigaion, a web-based, open-source software for reference management.
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Almeida, Pedro Machado de. "Modelagem e controle de conversores fonte de tensão utilizados em sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos conectados à rede elétrica de distribuição." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4134.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma estratégia de controle para sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos, de único estágio, trifásicos, conectados à rede elétrica de distribuição. São desenvolvidos modelos matemáticos para representar as características dinâmicas dos painéis fotovoltaicos, do conversor fonte de tensão (VSC -“Voltage Source Converter”) e da rede de distribuição. A modelagem do sistema de geração disperso (SGD) é feita no sistema de coordenadas síncrono (dq), fornecendo um sistema de equações diferenciais que pode ser usado para descrever o comportamento dinâmico do sistema quando as tensões da rede estão equilibradas ou desequilibradas. O conversor é controlado no modo de corrente, através da estratégia de modulação vetorial (Space Vector Modulation - SVM). São projetadas duas malhas de controle em cascata para controlar o conversor estático. A malha interna controla a corrente injetada na rede enquanto que a externa controla a tensão no barramento CC do conversor. O controle da tensão CC permite rastrear o ponto de máxima potência do painel PV além de controlar a quantidade de potência ativa injetada na rede CA. Um método ativo de detecção de ilhamento baseado na injeção de corrente de sequência negativa é incorporado ao sistema de controle. Resultados de simulações digitais obtidos com o programa ATP (Alternative Transient Program ) são utilizados para validar os modelos matemáticos e as estratégias de controle. Finalmente, um protótipo experimental de pequena escala é montado em laboratório. Todo o sistema de controle do protótipo experimental foi implementado no DSP TMS320F28212. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o funcionamento do sistema e podem ser usados para validar a estratégia de controle utilizada.
This dissertation presents a control strategy for a single-stage, three-phase, photovoltaic systems to be connected to a distribution network. Mathematical models are developed to represent the dynamic characteristics of the photovoltaic panels, the voltage-source converter (VSC) and the distribution network. The modeling of the dispersed generation system (DGS) is done in the synchronous reference frame (dq), providing a system of differential equations that describes the dynamic behavior of the system when the network voltages are balanced or unbalanced. The converter is controlled in current mode through the space vector modulation (SVM) strategy. Two control loops are designed to control the static converter. The inner loop controls the injected current into the network while the external loop controls the converter DC bus voltage. The DC voltage regulator allows to track the PV maximum power point and to control the active power injected into the AC grid. An active islanding detection method based on negative-sequence current injection is incorporated into the control system. Digital simulations results obtained with Alternative Transients Program (ATP) is used to validate the mathematical models and the control strategies. Finally, a small-scale experimental prototype is implemented in the laboratory. The whole control system of the experimental prototype was programmed in DSP TMS320F2812 of Texas Instruments. The results demonstrate that the operation of the system can be used to validate the applied control strategy.