Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reference speed

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reference speed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reference speed"

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Kantor, Sarah. "Reference speed dating: Creating a spark at the reference desk." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.2.80.

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Reference services, whether face-to-face or virtual, have been and remain a core library service. The importance of reference services is reflected in the library and information science (LIS) curriculum, but it is often overlooked in continuing education opportunities for librarians. In both master’s degree programs and the few continuing education offerings for reference services, instructors generally focus on the reference interview. For many working librarians, this can feel rote and ineffectual. After all, they already learned this in school. Experienced librarians may also feel that the reference interview is old hat, while newer librarians would benefit more from real-world practice than a repeat of their reference class.
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Adiputra, Dimas, Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman, Ubaidillah, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Nurhazimah Nazmi, Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin, Jun Kobayashi, and Mohd Hatta Mohammed Ariff. "Control Reference Parameter for Stance Assistance Using a Passive Controlled Ankle Foot Orthosis—A Preliminary Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 4416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204416.

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This paper aims to present a preliminary study of control reference parameters for stance assistance among different subjects and walking speeds using a passive-controlled ankle foot orthosis. Four young male able-bodied subjects with varying body mass indexes (23.842 ± 4.827) walked in three walking speeds of 1, 3, and 5 km/h. Two control references, average ankle torque (aMa), and ankle angular velocity (aω), which can be implemented using a magnetorheological brake, were measured. Regression analysis was conducted to identify suitable control references in the three different phases of the stance. The results showed that aω has greater correlation (p) with body mass index and walking speed compared to aMa in the whole stance phase (p1(aω) = 0.666 > p1(aMa) = 0.560, p2(aω) = 0.837 > p2(aMa) = 0.277, and p3(aω) = 0.839 > p3(aMa) = 0.369). The estimation standard error (Se) of the aMa was found to be generally higher than of aω (Se1(aMa) = 2.251 > Se1(aω) = 0.786, Se2(aMa) = 1.236 > Se2(aω) = 0.231, Se3(aMa) = 0.696 < Se3(aω) = 0.755). Future studies should perform aω estimation based on body mass index and walking speed, as suggested by the higher correlation and lower standard error as compared to aMa. The number of subjects and walking speed scenarios should also be increased to reduce the standard error of control reference parameters estimation.
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Wicaksono, Nanda Avianto, Abdul Halim, Aries Subiantoro, and Feri Yusivar. "Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator Using Flux Weakening in Wind Turbine Application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i1.pp202-216.

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This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by setting the tip speed ratio.
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Amichai, Eran, and Yossi Yovel. "Echolocating bats rely on an innate speed-of-sound reference." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (May 3, 2021): e2024352118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024352118.

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Animals must encode fundamental physical relationships in their brains. A heron plunging its head underwater to skewer a fish must correct for light refraction, an archerfish shooting down an insect must “consider” gravity, and an echolocating bat that is attacking prey must account for the speed of sound in order to assess its distance. Do animals learn these relations or are they encoded innately and can they adjust them as adults are all open questions. We addressed this question by shifting the speed of sound and assessing the sensory behavior of a bat species that naturally experiences different speeds of sound. We found that both newborn pups and adults are unable to adjust to this shift, suggesting that the speed of sound is innately encoded in the bat brain. Moreover, our results suggest that bats encode the world in terms of time and do not translate time into distance. Our results shed light on the evolution of innate and flexible sensory perception.
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Wang, Hsiu Ping, Yu Feng Chang, and Fwu Hsing Liu. "Modified MRAS Speed Controller for Direct Torque Controlled Sensorless Induction Motor Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2059.

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This paper presents a Modified model reference adaptive system (MMRAS) speed controller for speed estimation of induction motor using model-reference adaptive scheme (MRAS) approach in a direct torque control system. A good speed controller of induction motor can enhance the speed estimation of sensorless drives. The MMRAS controller can reduce effect of parameter variations and nonlinearities in the induction motor, and approaches to desired performance of referenced model. So, the presented controller can enhance the performance of speed estimation. The availability of the proposed structure scheme is verified by through under computation simulations with MATLAB software. Simulation results are presented in order to prove the availability of the proposed structure scheme.
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Sharaf, Soliman M., and Mohamed I. Mahmoud. "Reference Speed Tracking Control for DC Motor Drives." EPE Journal 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09398368.1993.11463324.

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Zhiping, Yang, Yue Qiuqin, and Ye yong. "Induction Motor Speed Control Based on Model Reference." Procedia Engineering 29 (2012): 2376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.318.

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H. Mark, Harry. "Speed of Light, the Vanished Points of Reference." Optics 3, no. 2 (2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.optics.20140302.11.

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Prachar, Ales. "Local low speed preconditioning in rotating reference frame." Applied Mathematical Sciences 9 (2015): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2015.411885.

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Hwang, Paul A. "Drag Coefficient, Dynamic Roughness and Reference Wind Speed." Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 3 (June 2005): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-005-0050-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reference speed"

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Figueiredo, Michael. "Reference-free high-speed cmos pipeline analog-to-digital converters." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8776.

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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of Universidade Nova de Lisboa
More and more signal processing is being transferred to the digital domain to profit from the technological enhancement of digital circuits. Where technology scaling enhances the capabilities of digital circuits, it degrades the performance of analog circuits. However, it is important to note that the impact that technology scaling has on digital circuits is becoming smaller and smaller, which means that, in nanotechnologies, to enhance energy and area efficiency, we can not simply depend on the benefits of this scaling. Although, a share of the efficiency can be obtained from the technology, new circuit architectures and techniques have to be developed to really push the limits of efficiency. In data converters, more specifically analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), a decision can be made: research energy and area efficient analog circuit techniques and architectures that cope with technological scaling issues, or design algorithms that use digital circuitry to assist the poor analog technological performance. The former option is the premise for the work developed in this thesis. The work reported in this thesis explores various design techniques with the purpose of enhancing the power and area efficiency of building blocks mainly to be used in multiplying digital-to-analog converter based ADCs. Therefore, novel analog techniques are developed for the three main blocks of an MDAC-based stage, namely, the flash quantizer, the amplifier, and the switched capacitor network of the MDAC. These techniques include self-biasing and inverter-based design for the flash quantizer and amplifier. Regarding the MDAC, it combines three techniques: unity feedback factor, insensitivity to capacitor mismatch, and current-mode reference shifting. In the second part of this work, the designed amplifier is implemented and experimentally characterized demonstrating its practical feasibility and performance. The final part of this work explores the design and implementation of a medium-low resolution high speed pipeline ADC incorporating all the developed circuits. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the techniques and demonstrate the attractiveness in terms of power dissipation and reduced area.
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Henrichs, Stefan Hubertus. "AC motor control with special reference to the induced excitation of synchronous machines." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292360.

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The frequency of a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) power source can be adjusted to control the speed of an AC machine. Machine response in this mode of operation depends strongly on the quality of the chosen PWM switching strategy. Several methods of PWM waveform synthesis are presented and new methods are introduced. A novel Relaxed Spectrum (RS) algorithm based on a Fourier series expansion of the PWM signal is presented. The algorithm computes sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal switching patterns from a specified set of harmonic coefficients. The RS method is suitable for both full- and half-bridge PWM invertors. Unwanted harmonics inherent in a PWM signal, are exploited to induce excitation into the rotor of a synchronous machine. Rotor mounted diodes are used to rectify the induced currents. 'Rvo novel induced excitation methods are presented which permit accurate control of excitation levels. Whilst the first method uses a single Excitation Harmonic Voltage (EHV) for rotor excitation, an EHV pair is used in the second method to obtain improved machine response. The RS algorithm is applied to obtain a PWM waveform which approximates closest to a given specification. PWM switching patterns are obtained for most possible excitation conditions. Voltage Control Limit Functions (VCLF) are computed which define control limits for several excitation schemes. The response of a computer simulated machine model to an Ideal Test Voltage (lTV) is investigated to assess the performance of the new methods of machine excitation. Simulation reveals that the use of an EHV pair minimises motor torque pulsation. Optimum excitation ratios are then defined in terms of the harmonic indices of a given EHV pair. These ratios are shown to be largely independent of machine parameters. The RS method is used t(] compute generalised sets of PWM switching sequences which can subsequently be applied to a wide range of differently rated machines. Analogue Symmetrical Sample (SS) PWM waveform synthesis methods for induce( excitation are compared with their digital equivalents. It is shown that digital P~ techniques compare favourably and can provide higher excitation levels when a largl fundamental drive voltage is required.
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Soliman, Mohamed Mostafa Ezzat. "An investigation into circulation control with reference to high forward speed rotor." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52305/.

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Maunsell, M. G. "A study of propeller-wing-body interference with special reference to a low speed pusher propeller configuration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52282/.

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Chin, Yung-Kang. "A permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle - design analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1763.

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This thesis presents the study and the design analysis of apermanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the tractionapplication of an electric vehicle. An existing inductiontraction motor for an electric forklift benchmarks the expectedperformances of the proposed PMSM design. Further, thepossibility of using the identical stator as the one used inthe induction motor is explored for the fast prototyping. Theprototype motor is expected to be field-weakened and to have aconstant power speed range (CPSR) of 2.5 to 3.

A design approach based on the CPSR contour plot in aninterior permanent magnet (IPM) parameter plane is derived toobtain the possible designs that meet all the designspecifications and the targeted CPSR. This study provides thepossible alternative designs for the subsequent futureprototype motors.

An analytical approach to estimate the iron loss in PMsynchronous machines is developed and included in the designprocedure. The proposed technique is based on predicting theflux density waveforms in the various regions of the machine.The model can be applied at any specified load condition,including the field-weakening operation region. This model canbe ultimately embedded in the design process for a routine usein loss estimations.

The first prototype motor with an inset permanent magnetrotor has been built and the available measurements are used tovalidate the design performance. In particular, the thermalanalyses based both on the lumped-circuit approach and thenumerical method are compared with the measured results. Asecond and possibly a third prototype motor targeting a widerand higher performance will be carried out in the continuingphase of the project.

Keywords:Constant Power Speed Range, Electric Vehicles,Field-weakening, Reference Flux Linkage, Iron Loss, PermanentMagnet Synchronous Motor, Thermal Analysis

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Simsek, Gunay. "Sensorless Direct Field Oriented Control Of Induction Machine By Flux And Speed Estimation Using Model Reference Adaptive System." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604965/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SENSORLESS DIRECT FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINE BY FLUX AND SPEED ESTIMATORS USING MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE SYSTEM This work focuses on an observer design which will estimate flux-linkage and speed for induction motors in its entire speed control range. The theoretical base of the algorithm is explained in detail and its both open-loop, and closed-loop performance is tested with experiments, measuring only stator current and voltage. Theoretically, the field-oriented control for the induction motor drive can be mainly categorized into two types
indirect and direct field oriented. The field to be oriented may be rotor, stator, or airgap flux-linkage. In the indirect field-oriented control, the slip estimation based on the measured or estimated rotor speed is required in order to compute the synchronous speed. There is no need for the flux estimation in such a system. For the direct field oriented case the synchronous speed is computed with the aid of a flux estimator. In DFO, the synchronous speed is iv computed from the ratio of dq-axes fluxes. With the combination of a flux estimator and an open-loop speed estimator one can observe stator-rotor fluxes, rotor-flux angle and rotor speed. In this study, the direct (rotor) flux oriented control system with flux and-open-loop speed estimators is described and tested in real-time with the Evaluation Module named TMS320LF21407 and the Embedded Target software named Vissim from Visual Solutions Company.
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Jöckel, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Calculation of Different Generator Systems for Wind Turbines with Particular Reference to Low-Speed Permanent-Magnet Machines / Stephan Jöckel." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1172611629/34.

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Mannweiler, Klaus. "The recovery of biological particles in high-speed continuous centrifuges with special reference to feed-zone break-up effects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318045/.

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In the first part of this thesis the means are described by which an industrial disc stack centrifuge may be scaled-down to process in a meaningful fashion small volumes of particle suspensions. The centrifuge separation characteristics so measured were suitable for direct scale-up predictions of centrifuge performance. Experiments with a dye tracer and a reduced number of discs indicated that the flow through the disc centrifuge is influenced by the position of the separating discs within the disc stack. This influence was also reflected in the separation performance of a particulate suspension. The results were shown to be in the range obtained using a full-scale industrial disc centrifuge. Experiments also showed a distinct trend that the flow rate and in particular the single passage throughput influenced the separation performance. Using a non-linear curve-fitting algorithm it was shown that the grade efficiency curve of a disc centrifuge may be approximated by a two-parameter model equation. In the second part of this thesis the means are described by which various feed zones designs may be examined in respect to particle breakup using small volumes of a diluted protein precipitate suspension. It has been shown that in the high shear fields which are present in the feed zones to centrifuges the precipitate particles are readily disrupted into smaller fragments, the fragment size depending on the strength of the shear field. Examination of three different feed zone types revealed that particle breakup increased in the following order: full-hermetic < hydro-hermetic < semi-hermetic It has also been demonstrated that the bowl speed and in particular the rotational velocity of the distributor ribs has a significant influence on the level of particle breakup in the hydro-hermetic feed zone, while the effects were less pronounced in the full-hermetic feed zone. Based on the results obtained during the above studies the major mechanism of particle breakup is thought to be due to a combination of turbulence and collision of the particle suspension with the rotating distributor ribs. It has been shown that the level of particle breakup is directly related to the circumferential velocity of the distributor ribs.
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Cunelius, Erik. "Analysis of Potential Determinants of Cycle Commuting Speed : With Special Reference to Gears, Showers, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6234.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse potential determinants of cycle commuting speed, with the following research questions: 1. How does cycle commuting speed relate to amount of gears, access to shower facilities, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), when sex, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration, last digit in self-reported duration, and cycling area are controlled for? 2. How are the earlier found relationships between speed and duration, and speed and sex, affected when amount of gears, access to shower facilities, and RPE are added to the control variables age, weight, BMI, last digit in self-reported duration, and cycling area?   Method: In this cross-sectional study, 1526 adult cycle commuters (67% females) in Stockholm County, Sweden, were recruited through advertisements. In a self-administered questionnaire, the respondents reported their sex, age, height, weight, duration of their typical cycle commuting journey, amount of gears, access to shower facilities at the destination, and rating of perceived exertion (measured by the Borg RPE Scale) while cycling. They also drew their cycling route on an individually adjusted map. Multiple linear regression was used to facilitate the analyses.   Results: In a regression model with the independent variables sex, age, weight, body mass index, duration, last digit in self-reported duration (1–4 or 6–9 compared to 0 or 5), cycling area (inner urban compared to suburban and suburban – inner urban), gears, shower facilities, and RPE, the dependent variable cycle commuting speed was positively related to using a bicycle with five or more (as compared to four or fewer) gears, having convenient (as opposed to inconvenient or non-existent) access to shower facilities, and perceiving a higher degree of exertion while cycling. Gears, showers, and RPE were also found to substantially affect the earlier found relationships between speed and duration, and speed and sex. The respondents showed a clear tendency of giving odd-numbered, compared to even-numbered, ratings of perceived exertion.   Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of gears, showers, and RPE in activities such as estimating, planning or taking measures in relation to cycle commuting. It also shows that adding new factors to control for might change earlier established relationships within this field. When the Borg RPE Scale is used, correct instructions strengthens the validity.
Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera potentiella påverkansfaktorer gällande cykelpendlingshastighet, med följande frågeställningar: 1. Hur relaterar hastighet till antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter och skattning av egenupplevd fysisk ansträngningsgrad (RPE), när kön, ålder, vikt, BMI, duration, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration samt cykelområde kontrolleras? 2. Hur påverkas de tidigare funna förhållandena mellan hastighet och duration, samt hastighet och kön, när antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter och RPE adderas till kontrollvariablerna ålder, vikt, BMI, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration, och cykelområde?   Metod: I denna tvärsnittsstudie rekryterades 1526 vuxna cykelpendlare (67% kvinnor) i Stockholms län genom annonser. I ett själv-administrerat formulär rapporterade de kön, ålder, längd, vikt, duration vid deras typiska cykelpendlingsresa, antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter vid destinationen, och skattning av egenupplevd fysisk ansträngningsgrad (enligt Borgskalan) under cyklingen. De ritade även in sin cykelväg på en individuellt anpassad karta. Multipel linjär regression användes för att möjliggöra analyserna.   Resultat: I en regressionsmodell med de oberoende variablerna kön, ålder, vikt, BMI, duration, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration (1­–4 eller 6–9 jämfört med 0 eller 5), cykelområde (innerstad i jämförelse med ytterstad samt ytterstad – innerstad), växlar, duschmöjligheter och RPE, var den beroende variabeln cykelhastighet positivt relaterad till användandet av en cykel med fem växlar eller fler (i jämförelse med fyra eller färre), att ha bekväm tillgång till dusch (i motsats till obekväm eller ingen tillgång alls) samt att uppleva en högre grad av fysisk ansträngning under cykling. Växlar, duschmöjligheter och RPE visade sig även substantiellt påverka de tidigare funna förhållandena mellan hastighet och duration, samt hastighet och kön. Respondenterna visade en tydlig tendens att ge ojämna, i jämförelse med jämna, RPE-skattningar.   Slutsats: Denna studie belyser vikten av växlar, duschmöjligheter och egenupplevd ansträngningsgrad vid exempelvis bedömning, planering eller vidtagande av åtgärder i relation till cykelpendling. Den visar även att nya kontrollfaktorer kan förändra tidigare etablerade förhållanden inom detta fält. Korrekta instruktioner stärker validiteten vid användandet av Borgskalan.
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Carnier, Fausto Esgalha. "Germinação de espécies arbustivas e sua regeneração natural em áreas em restauração no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-07012014-104905/.

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A diminuição de habitats tem como consequência a perda de biodiversidade, a mata Atlântica é o Bioma que comporta maior biodiversidade no mundo e devido à ocupação e exploração desordenada ocupa a posição de ecossistema mais ameaçado do planeta, perdendo assim, processos ecológicos, evolutivos, diversidade genética, populações e espécies. Devido a este cenário, a reparação dos danos ambientais gerados tornou-se algo urgente, gerando um campo chamado Ecologia da restauração. Os plantios florestais realizados para restauração das áreas utilizam somente espécies arbóreas, pois se espera que assim seja formada uma estrutura que catalise a sucessão secundária. Porém diversos estudos revelam que mesmo após anos de plantio outras formas de vida não voltam a regenerar com facilidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o comportamento das espécies arbustivas em sua germinação e na recolonização de ambientes em recuperação com diferentes idades, visando auxiliar a utilização de espécies arbustivas em projetos de restauração florestal. Foram utilizadas sementes de 15 espécies arbustivas para avaliação da porcentagem de germinação, velocidade de germinação e Índice de velocidade de germinação, sendo que com Conchocarpus pentandrus (A. St.-Hil.) Kallunki & Pirani foi realizado também teste de armazenamento. Cinco das 15 espécies utilizadas obtiveram boa porcentagem de germinação sem nenhum tratamento prévio de quebra de dormência e Conchocarpus pentandrus obteve melhor taxa de porcentagem de germinação quando armazenado em embalagem permeável por até 3 meses. Para a regeneração natural foram feitas 6 parcelas de 6x8m em áreas com idades de plantio de 4, 7, 12, 15 e 20 anos e mais 6 parcelas em áreas nativas de referência. As áreas estão aumentando sua riqueza e diversidade com o passar do tempo, porém ainda estão longe dos valores atingidos pelas áreas de referência. Poucas arbustivas foram encontradas se regenerando, sendo a maioria arbustos de pequeno porte.
Habitat conversion leads to losses in biodiversity. The Atlantic Forest is that biome that hosts the greatest biodiversity in the world and, due to its unplanned occupation and exploitation, it became the most threatened ecosystem in the planet. It has been losing ecological and evolutionary processes, genetic diversity, ecosystems, populations and species. Because of this scenario, reparation of environmental damage has become vital, which brings up the need for the field of ecological restoration. Forest plantations aiming ecological restoration mostly use only tree species, hoping to achieve a structure that may catalyze secondary succession. However, several studies reveal that even after some years other life forms do not start regenerating easily, mainly in the state of São Paulo where remnant forests are very fragmented. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of shrub species during germination and recolonization of recovering environments of different ages in order to help better use shrub species in restoration projects. Seeds of 15 shrub species were used to evaluate germination percentage, germination velocity and germination velocity index. Storage test was also performed only for Conchocarpus pentandrus (A. St.-Hil.) Kallunki & Pirani. Five out of 15 species used showed good germination percentage with no previous treatment to overcome dormancy. Conchocarpus pentandrus showed better germination percentage rate when stored in permeable containers for up to 3 months. For natural regeneration, six plots measuring 6x8m were established in plantations of different ages (4, 7, 12, 15 and 20 year-old. Areas are increasing in richness and diversity along the years, but are still far from values of reference sites. A few shrubs were found regenerating and most of them are small shrubs.
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Books on the topic "Reference speed"

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Ryan, Maura C. Adjustable speed drives: Reference guide. [Toronto, Ontario?]: Ontario Hydo, 1989.

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Ryan, Maura C. Adjustable speed drive reference guide. [Toronto, Canada]: Ontario Hydro, 1991.

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Transportation, Montana Department of. Addendum to data reference related to Montana speed laws. Helena, MT: The Dept., 1998.

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Carrow, Robert S. Electrician's technical reference. Australia: Delmar, Thomson Learning, 2001.

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Marks-Beale, Abby. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Speed Reading. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Marks-Beale, Abby. The complete idiot's guide to speed reading. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books, 2008.

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Florida High Speed Rail Transportation Commission. Request for proposals and reference documents for development and operation of a high speed rail line in the State of Florida. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Commission, 1986.

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Thompson, Chris. High speed rail: A bibliography for U.S. decision-makers. Chicago, Ill: Council of Planning Librarians, 1992.

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Mickelson, Dale. Guide to hard milling and high speed machining. New York: Industrial Press, 2007.

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Leeuw, Manya De. Read better, read faster: A new approach to efficient reading. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reference speed"

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Arndt, T. "Speed." In Springer Reference Medizin, 2185. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2849.

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Rockrohr, James Donald. "Reference Clocks." In High Speed Serdes Devices and Applications, 263–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79834-9_6.

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Bossert, Oliver. "A Two-Speed Architecture for the Digital Enterprise." In Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 139–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40564-3_8.

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Sanchez, Ernesto, Giovanni Squillero, and Alberto Tonda. "Post-silicon Speed-Path Analysis in Modern Microprocessors through Genetic Programming." In Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 31–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27467-1_4.

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Namjoo, Masood. "First 32-Bit SPARC-Based Processors Implemented in High-Speed CMOS." In Sun Technical Reference Library, 91–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3192-9_7.

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Lei, Xiaoyan. "Dynamic Analysis of the Vehicle-Track Coupling System with Finite Elements in a Moving Frame of Reference." In High Speed Railway Track Dynamics, 271–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2039-1_10.

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Dohlus, M., J. Rossbach, K. H. W. Bethge, J. Meijer, U. Amaldi, G. Magrin, M. Lindroos, et al. "Application of Accelerators and Storage Rings." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 661–795. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_11.

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AbstractIt is well known from Maxwell theory that electromagnetic radiation is emitted whenever electric charges are accelerated in free space. This radiation assumes quite extraordinary properties whenever the charged particles move at ultrarelativistic speed: The radiation becomes very powerful and tightly collimated in space, and it may easily cover a rather wide spectrum ranging from the THz into the hard X-ray regime. When generation of such radiation is intended rather than being a side effect, the charged particles are normally electrons, thus kinetic energies are then typically in the multi-MeV range.
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Chioncel, C. P., L. Bereteu, D. I. Petrescu, and M. Babescu. "Determination of Reference Mechanical Angular Speed for Wind Power Systems." In Soft Computing Applications, 1213–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18416-6_98.

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Chu, Ming Huei, Yi Wei Chen, Chun Yuan Wu, and Cheng Kung Huang. "A Model Reference Neural Speed Regulator Applied to Belt-Driven Servomechanism." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2012, 451–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31362-2_50.

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Kahmen, Heribert. "Static and Kinematic Positioning with GPS for the Construction and Maintenance of High Speed Railway Lines." In Advances in Positioning and Reference Frames, 357–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03714-0_58.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reference speed"

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Bodin, F. "New reference frame for brushless DC motor drive." In Seventh International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980586.

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Li, Jingzhen. "Multiframe high-speed holography adapting a grating coded reference beam." In 22nd Int'l Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, edited by Dennis L. Paisley and ALan M. Frank. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.273345.

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Wang, Ming-Shyan, Ying-Shieh Kung, Berinde Sergiu, and Nguyen Thi Hanh. "Reference model based low-speed control of PMSM." In 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peds.2009.5385781.

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Spinu, Veaceslav, Stefano Lisi, and Mircea Lazar. "Constrained reference tracking for a high-speed buck converter." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2014.6981501.

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Yahia, Insaf, Chokri Ben Salah, and Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni. "Fuzzy logic controller for reference speed in electric vehicle." In 2014 International Conference on Green Energy. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icge.2014.6835431.

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Cheung, J. Y. M. "Motor speed control by using a fuzzy logic model reference adaptive controller." In 6th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960953.

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Chen, Hou-Ming, Bo-Yi Lee, Kuang-Hao Lin, Xian-Ji Huang, and Yu-Siang Huang. "Low-power and high-speed startup circuit for reference circuit." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-TW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-china.2017.7991017.

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Utomo, Didi Susilo Budi, Ansar Rizal, and Achmad Fanany Onnilita Gaffar. "Model reference neural adaptive control based BLDC motor speed control." In 2017 5th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEEIE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeie.2017.8328761.

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Kim, Hyuno, Masatoshi Ishikawa, and Yuji Yamakawa. "Reference broadcast frame synchronization for distributed high-speed camera network." In 2018 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas.2018.8336781.

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WANG, JIAYUE, JUAN LI, WEIDA LI, QIHUAN ZHU, HAIYAN HU, HONGMIAO ZHANG, CHUNGUANG LI, and HAO GUO. "SPEED-ADAPTIVE REFERENCE KNEE TRAJECTORY GENERATION BASED ON FOURIER FUNCTIONS." In CLAWAR 2015: 18th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814725248_0071.

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Reports on the topic "Reference speed"

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Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park: Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.

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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.
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