Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reference tissue

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reference tissue'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 5 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Reference tissue"

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Ong, Oselyne T. W., Lauren J. Young, and Julie M. Old. "Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression in red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) liver, lung, small intestine and spleen." PeerJ 4 (October 13, 2016): e2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2552.

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BackgroundReference genes serve an important role as an endogenous control/standard for data normalisation in gene expression studies. Although reference genes have recently been suggested for marsupials, independent analysis of reference genes on different immune tissues is yet to be tested. Therefore, an assessment of reference genes is needed for the selection of stable, expressed genes across different marsupial tissues.MethodsThe study was conducted on red-tailed phascogales (Phascogale calura) using five juvenile and five adult males. The stability of five reference genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH;β-actin,ACTB;18SrRNA,18S; 28SrRNA, 28S;and ribosomal protein L13A,RPL13A) was investigated using SYBR Green and analysed with the geNorm application available in qBasePLUSsoftware.ResultsGene stability for juvenile and adult tissue samples combined show thatGAPDHwas most stable in liver and lung tissue, and18Sin small intestine and spleen. While all reference genes were suitable for small intestine and spleen tissues, all reference genes except28Swere stable for lung and only18Sand28Swere stable for liver tissue. Separating the two age groups, we found that two different reference genes were considered stable in juveniles (ACTBandGAPDH) and adults (18Sand28S), andRPL13Awas not stable for juvenile small intestine tissue. Except for28S, all reference genes were stable in juvenile and adult lungs, and all five reference genes were stable in spleen tissue.DiscussionBased on expression stability,ACTBandGAPDHare suitable for all tissues when studying the expression of marsupials in two age groups, except for adult liver tissues. The expression stability between juvenile and adult liver tissue was most unstable, as the stable reference genes for juveniles and adults were different. Juvenile and adult lung, small intestine and spleen share similar stable reference genes, except for small intestine tissues where all reference genes were stable in adults butRPL13Awas not suitable in juveniles.
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Zheng, Yangyi, Yao Ma, Jianning Luo, et al. "Identification and Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Bitter Gourd Based on Transcriptome Data." Horticulturae 9, no. 12 (2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121262.

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Accurate and standardized quantification of reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results relies on the use of a dependable reference gene. The precise control of transgene expression in terms of both spatial and temporal aspects necessitates the utilization of tissue-specific gene promoters. However, the identification of stable reference genes across various tissues, particularly in fruits at different ripening stages, as well as tissue-specific genes in bitter gourds, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed RNA-Seq-based transcriptome datasets obtained from nine tissues to comprehensively screen for new reference genes (NRGs) and tissue-specific genes. Through the utilization of five algorithms in conjunction with qRT-PCR analysis, we successfully identified two highly stable reference genes, namely HMG1/2 and PHOS32, from a pool of 11 NRGs and five traditional reference genes (TRGs). To validate their reliability, we performed expression pattern analysis of two genes associated with fruit ripening (McACO1 and McACO2) using HMG1/2 and PHOS32, as well as an unstable reference gene, HSCP2. Furthermore, we conducted qRT-PCR validation of 12 tissue-specific genes using HMG1/2 as the reference gene. This study not only contributes to the precise normalization of target genes in bitter gourd but also provides a solid foundation for regulating transgenes through the utilization of suitable tissue-specific promoters.
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Zuba, Iga, and Halina Polkowska-Motrenko. "Ratio primary reference measurement procedure (RPRMP) for the certification of chromium content in biological reference materials." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 2 (2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2993.

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Abstract Primary reference measurement procedure for Cr determination in biological samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) has been elaborated. The procedure is based on quantitative and selective separation of chromium from neutron irradiated sample by column chromatography using MnO2-Resin and determination of 51Cr by γ-ray spectrometry. Quality components have been incorporated into the RNAA method which makes it possible to meet the requirements of the definition of ratio primary reference measurement procedure. The usefulness of the elaborated procedure to assign the certified values for Cr in new certified reference material (CRMs) based on animal tissues is demonstrated. The tentative certified values for Cr have been proposed for: MODAS M-4 Cormorant Tissue and M-5 Cod Tissue CRMs.
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Yaqub, Maqsood, Berckel Bart NM van, Alie Schuitemakers, et al. "Optimization of supervised cluster analysis for extracting reference tissue input curves in (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 brain PET studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 8 (2012): 1600–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.59.

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Performance of two supervised cluster analysis (SVCA) algorithms for extracting reference tissue curves was evaluated to improve quantification of dynamic (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Reference tissues were extracted from images using both a manually defined cerebellum and SVCA algorithms based on either four (SVCA4) or six (SVCA6) kinetic classes. Data from controls, mild cognitive impairment patients, and patients with Alzheimer's disease were analyzed using various kinetic models including plasma input, the simplified reference tissue model (RPM) and RPM with vascular correction (RPMV(b)). In all subject groups, SVCA-based reference tissue curves showed lower blood volume fractions (V(b)) and volume of distributions than those based on cerebellum time-activity curve. Probably resulting from the presence of specific signal from the vessel walls that contains in normal condition a significant concentration of the 18 kDa translocation protein. Best contrast between subject groups was seen using SVCA4-based reference tissues as the result of a lower number of kinetic classes and the prior removal of extracerebral tissues. In addition, incorporation of V(b) in RPM improved both parametric images and binding potential contrast between groups. Incorporation of V(b) within RPM, together with SVCA4, appears to be the method of choice for analyzing cerebral (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 neurodegeneration studies.
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Xue, Miaomiao, Haibo Wen, Pao Xu, et al. "Validation and Functional Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, under Starvation and Hypothermia Stress." Cells 12, no. 9 (2023): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12091328.

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Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these genes contributes to understanding the tissue–gene relationship and the etiology and discovery of new tissue-specific targets. Therefore, reference genes and tissue-specific genes in the adipose tissue of Aplodinotus grunniens were identified to explore their function under exogenous starvation (1 d, 2 w, 6 w) and hypothermic stress (18 °C and 10 °C for 2 d and 8 d) in this study. Results suggest that 60SRP was the most stable reference gene in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, eight genes were validated as tissue-specific candidates from the high-throughput sequencing database, while seven of them (ADM2, β2GP1, CAMK1G, CIDE3, FAM213A, HSL, KRT222, and NCEH1) were confirmed in adipose tissue. Additionally, these seven tissue-specific genes were active in response to starvation and hypothermic stress in a time- or temperature-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that adipose-specific genes can be identified using stable internal reference genes, thereby identifying specific important functions under starvation and hypothermic stress, which provides tissue-specific targets for adipose regulation in A. grunniens.
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Chen, Xiatian, Yujie Yu, Tao Gao, Zhifei Liu, Shuaiyu Chen, and Yudong Jia. "Determination of Stable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Under Hypoxia Stress." Genes 16, no. 1 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010009.

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Background: Hypoxia triggers stress, leading to significant alterations in gene expression patterns, which in turn affect fish’s growth and development. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a pivotal technique for assessing changes in gene expression. However, its accuracy is highly contingent upon the stable expression of reference genes. Ribosomal RNA (18s), β-actin (actb), elongation factor 1-α (ef1a), α tubulin (tuba), and ribosomal protein L17 (rpl17) are the widely used reference genes, but their expression stability in the tissues of black rockfish under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. Methods: The expression of genes was detected by RT-qPCR and the stability was assessed by Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms. Results: Results showed that tuba exhibited stable expression in liver, heart, gill tissues under normoxic conditions, and in the liver and head kidney under hypoxic conditions. Ef1a was identified as the most stably expressed gene in gill tissue under hypoxia. For hypoxic heart studies, rpl17 and tuba were recommended as reference genes. 18s showed high stability in spleen tissue under hypoxic conditions. Actb was the most stably expressed gene in spleen and head kidney tissues under normoxic conditions. Conclusions: The identified reference genes exhibited tissue-specific stability, and it was necessary to select appropriate reference genes based on the specific tissue type for gene expression studies under hypoxic conditions. These findings help in enhancing the accuracy of gene expression analysis in the mechanism of hypoxia for black rockfish.
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Okamoto, Kensaku, and Keiichiro Fuwa. "Mussel tissue powder, a certified reference material." Analyst 110, no. 7 (1985): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851000785.

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Paredes, L., J. Azorín, M. Balcázar, and J. L. François. "Neutron kerma coefficient: Reference tissue for tumours." Radiation Measurements 45, no. 10 (2010): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.05.024.

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Yaqub, Maqsood, Bart NM van Berckel, Alie Schuitemaker, et al. "Optimization of Supervised Cluster Analysis for Extracting Reference Tissue Input Curves in (R)-[11C]PK11195 Brain PET Studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 8 (2012): 1600–1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.59.

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Performance of two supervised cluster analysis (SVCA) algorithms for extracting reference tissue curves was evaluated to improve quantification of dynamic (R)-[11C]PK11195 brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Reference tissues were extracted from images using both a manually defined cerebellum and SVCA algorithms based on either four (SVCA4) or six (SVCA6) kinetic classes. Data from controls, mild cognitive impairment patients, and patients with Alzheimer's disease were analyzed using various kinetic models including plasma input, the simplified reference tissue model (RPM) and RPM with vascular correction (RPM V b). In all subject groups, SVCA-based reference tissue curves showed lower blood volume fractions ( V b) and volume of distributions than those based on cerebellum time-activity curve. Probably resulting from the presence of specific signal from the vessel walls that contains in normal condition a significant concentration of the 18 kDa translocation protein. Best contrast between subject groups was seen using SVCA4-based reference tissues as the result of a lower number of kinetic classes and the prior removal of extracerebral tissues. In addition, incorporation of V b in RPM improved both parametric images and binding potential contrast between groups. Incorporation of V b within RPM, together with SVCA4, appears to be the method of choice for analyzing cerebral (R)-[11C]PK11195 neurodegeneration studies.
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Ma, Long, Ting Jiang, Xiangya Liu, Haijun Xiao, Yingchuan Peng, and Wanna Zhang. "Evaluation of candidate reference genes for gene expression analysis in the brassica leaf beetle, Phaedon brassicae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0251920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251920.

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The brassica leaf beetle Phaedon brassicae is a notorious defoliator of cruciferous vegetables. However, few molecular studies of this pest have been conducted due to limited sequence data. Recently, RNA sequencing has offered a powerful platform to generate numerous transcriptomic data, which require RT-qPCR to validate target gene expression. The selection of reliable reference genes to normalize RT-qPCR data is a prerequisite for gene expression analysis. In the present study, the expression stabilities of eight candidate reference genes under biotic conditions (development stages and various tissues) and abiotic perturbations (thermal stress and pesticide exposure) were evaluated using four different statistical algorithms. The optimal suites of reference genes were recommended for the respective experimental conditions. For tissue expression analysis, RPL32 and EF-1α were recommended as the suitable reference genes. RPL19 and TBP were the optimal reference genes across different developmental stages. RPL32 and TBP were identified as the most suitable references for thermal stress. Furthermore, RPL32 and RPL19 were ranked as the best references for insecticide exposure. This work provides a systematic exploration of the optimal reference genes for the respective experimental conditions, and our findings would facilitate molecular studies of P. brassicae.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reference tissue"

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Tabe, R. H. "Biochemical studies in plant tissue culture with reference to hyperhydration." Thesis(M.Sc.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2000. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2128.

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Wood, Adrian J. "Subcellular analysis of normal and pathological gastrointestinal tissue with specific reference to peroxisomes." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386569.

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Bindon, Keren (Keren Ann). "Carbon partitioning in sugarcane internodal tissue with special reference to the insoluble fraction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51642.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The changes in carbon allocation to sucrose, hexoses, fibre, starch and respiration were investigated in developing internodes of sugarcane. Radiolabelling studies were conducted on internode 3, 6 and 9 tissue, representing three stages of increasing maturity. It was apparent that a high rate of cycling between triose-phosphate and hexose-phosphate occurred. A maximum of 50% of carbon entering triose-phosphates was returned to hexose-phosphate in internode 3 tissue, and this flux decreased with tissue maturity to 30%. Carbon partitioning into sucrose increased from 34% of total 14C uptake in internode 3, to 61% in internodes 6 and 9. In immature tissue, the protein and fibre components were the dominant competing sinks with sucrose for incoming carbon, to which 14 and 16% of carbon were allocated respectively. Increased carbon allocation to sucrose with tissue maturity, coincided with a decrease in partitioning to fibre. This indicated that previous studies had underestimated total carbon allocation to respiration, since the protein component was not considered. In contrast with earlier work, the respiratory pathway was the strongest competitor with sucrose for incoming carbon, even in mature tissue. Between internodes 3 and 6, carbon allocation to total respiration did not change significantly, but decreased 50% in mature tissue. Starch was a weak competitor with sucrose, for incoming carbon, to which a maximum of 2% of 14Cwas allocated in immature tissue. In cane harvested in early spring, radiolabelled maltose was recovered in internode 3 tissue of ripening cane, indicating that concomitant starch synthesis and degradation occurred. The. redistribution of C-1 and C-6 in starch glucose was analysed following feeding of tissue with [1_14C]_and [6_14C]_glucose. Randomization of label in starch indicated that the pathway for carbon movement into sugarcane plastids for starch synthesis is primarily through the triose-phosphate translocator. Finally, this study indicated that radiolabelling of tissue discs is a suitable experimental system to determine carbon flux in sugarcane. During the 3 h labelling period the rate of 14C02 release became linear, indicating that the system approached isotopic steady state between the external and internal glucose pool; and the respiratory processes involved in CO2 release.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veranderinge in koolstoftoedeling na sukrose, heksoses, vesel, stysel en respirasie is in ontwikkelende internodes van suikerriet ondersoek. Die koolhidraatmetabolisme in internodes 3, 6 en 9, wat drie stadiums van toenemende rypheid verteenwoordig, is met behulp van 14Cmerkingstudies ondersoek. Dit is duidelik dat daar 'n hoë mate van koolstofsirkulering tussen die heksose- en triose-fosfaat poele voorkom. In internode 3 word tot 50% van die koolstofwat in triose-fosfate geïnkorporeer is, weer na heksosefosfaat omgeskakel. Selfs in volwasse weefsel vind daar nog soveel as 30% koolstofsirkukering plaas tussen die twee poele plaas. Koolstoftoedeling vanaf glukose na sukrose het van 34% in internode 3, tot 61% in internodes 6 en 9 toegeneem. Proteïn en selwandkomponente was die belangrikste swelgpunte vir koolstof in onvolwasse weefsel gewees. Namate die weefsel meer volwasse word, word sukrose 'n belangriker swelgpunt. Die koolstoftoedeling aan sukrose is veral ten koste van toedeling aan die selwandkomponente. Die bevinding dat die proteïenpoel 'n sterk swelgpunt is dui aan dat vorige studies die belang van respiratoriese koolstofvloei onderskat het. In teenstelling met vorige aansprake is dit duidelik dat selfs in volwasse weefsel respirasie die grootste swelpunt vir die inkomende organiese koolstof in die internode vorm. Koolstoftoedeling aan respirasie het nie noemenswaardig tussen internodes 3 en 6 verskil nie, maar het met 50% in volwasse weefsel afgeneem. Stysel is deurgaans 'n swak swelgpunt vir koolstof met die hoogste toedeling aan die poel (2%) in die jong weefsel (internode 3) . Na toediening van [U- 14C]-glukose is radioaktief gemerkte maltose gevind in suikerriet wat vroeg in die lente geoes is. Dit dui aan dat gelyktydige afbraak en sintese van stysel plaasgevind het. Die herverdeling van C-l en C-6 in glukose afkomstig van stysel is na toediening van [1_14C]_ en [6-14C]-glukose ontleed. Die ewekansige verspreiding van radioaktiwiteit tussen koolstof 1 en 6 van die glukose in stysel dui aan dat dit hoofsaaklik die triose-fosfaat translokeerder is wat in die plastied verantwoordelik is. Hierdie studie het ook aangetoon dat radioaktiewe merking van weefselsnitte 'n geskikte eksperimentele sisteem is om koolstoftoedeling in suikerriet te ondersoek. Die patroon van 14C02 vrystelling dui daarop dat die weefsel na 'n 3 h inkuberingsperiode isotopiese ewewig tussen die eksterne en interne glukose poele en die respiratoriese prosesse begin bereik het.
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Hendre, R. R. "Molecular basis of differentiation in plant tissue culture with special reference to sugarcane." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1988. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3309.

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Jaggar, Sian Isobel. "Studies of inflammatory hyperalgesia with special reference to the viscera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7989.

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Heuch, J. H. R. "The tissue culture and biology of bamboos with special reference to Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305447.

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Bamboos are plants of economic importance that have flower rarely. The inability to obtain flowering material on a routine basis has hindered the scientific investigation of bamboo. Paucity of flowering and the resulting lack of seed has led to extreme difficulty in taxonomic work and large-scale propagation respectively. Tissue culture appears to offer potential methods to overcome the shortage of propagules. The micropropagation potential of bamboo seedling material was investigated. Both callus methods and <i>in vitro</i> cuttings of <i>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</i> Munro were used. Although many explants produced callus, only one type of callus, derived from excised immature embryos, regularly regenerated shoots or plantlets. Only 6% of embryos cultured produced this callus type. The callus with shoot regeneration potential was phenotypically similar to that described in the literature as embryogenic, being both white and compact. Nodal cuttings from seedlings were also cultured <i>in vitro</i>. The potential rate of multiplication was not high. Most healthy cuttings produced only one shoot. Flowers emerged from about 10% of cultures on medium containing BAP, and this result was repeated. The quality of bamboo seed available for experimentation was low. Problems of infection were encountered when initiating cultures. A number of trials were undertaken to overcome these, but some level of infection had to be tolerated. In order to assess the full potential of bamboo tissue culture a critical literature was undertaken. Many experiments reported on appeared to have used poor designs, or reported results were either unclear or conclusions were difficult to justify based on the results. Above all else, there was little confidence that results were repeatable.
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Wu, Qinyang. "Galanin and leu-enkephalin in the rat with special reference to adjuvant arthritis /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-977-3/.

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Rosdahl, Hans. "Microdialysis sampling from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue with special reference to the effects of insulin on tissue blood flow and glucose metabolism /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3050-3.

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Longmore, J. "Investigation of the pharmacology of autonomically innervated human tissue in situ with special reference to the effects of some novel antidepressant drugs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377654.

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Kureshi, A. K. "Identifying the origins of collagen connective tissue growth and expansion with reference to inguinal herniation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19713/.

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The aim of this project was to understand the key mechanisms which control and initiate the process(es) by which collagen connective tissues extend, remodel and grow under the influence of external tensile loads. Inguinal herniation was used as a model of natural cell mediated bio-creep to investigate the mechanisms behind such a process since the transversalis fascia (TF); a thin collagen connective tissue undergoes dramatic extension during herniation. It was hypothesized that the TF expands due to a process of growth and remodelling rather than stretch or injury and repair. The relationship between functional tissue mechanical properties, cell responses to mechanical forces and the architecture of the ECM were investigated. TEM imaging of TF collagen fibril ultrastructure demonstrated no differences between normal and hernia specimens and therefore no evidence of microdamage/ repair. An important finding was that hernia TF was not mechanically weaker or thinner than normal TF tissue, indicating it retains its normal material properties and thickness despite dramatic extension during herniation. In addition, the TF was identified to have anisotropic mechanical properties with greater strength and stiffness in the transverse anatomical plane, a finding which has not previously been reported for the TF. The ability of normal and hernia TF fibroblasts to contract and remodel a collagen matrix were almost identical, suggesting that hernia cells retain ‘normal’ cell behaviour in terms of their cytoskeletal and cell-motor functions. Analysis of TF fibroblast creep responses using an in vitro 3D bio-creep model demonstrated, to our knowledge, the first direct functional (mechanical) defect in hernia cell behaviour, since hernia cells did not demonstrate any capacity to mediate any measurable bio-creep. Our investigations of TF mechanics, structure and cellular behaviour suggest that TF expansion in inguinal herniation occurs due to growth/remodelling rather than stretch or micro-rupture and repair but the exact mechanisms remain inconclusive until further studies are carried out.
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Books on the topic "Reference tissue"

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(Organization), UNOS. Organ and tissue donation: A reference guide for clergy. Mid-South Transplant Foundation [distributor], 1988.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral hard tissue diseases: A reference manual for radiographic diagnosis. Lexi-Comp, 2003.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. 5th ed. Lexi-Comp, 2011.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral hard tissue diseases: A reference manual for radiographic diagnosis. 2nd ed. Lexi-Comp, 2007.

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Robert, Newland J., ed. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. 3rd ed. Lexi-Comp, 2005.

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Robert, Newland J., ed. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. Lexi-Comp, 2001.

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Dirr, Michael A. The reference manual of woody plant propagation: From seed to tissue culture. Varsity Press, 1987.

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G, Davis Charles. Soft tissue index: Essential medical & crash studies : for trial & forensic witnesses : a quick reference to the findings from key medical and crash studies on the causation of soft tissue and related trauma-induced injuries. Litigation One Pub., 2003.

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Davis, Charles G. Soft tissue index: Essential medical & crash studies : for trial counsel & forensic witnesses : a quick reference to the findings from key medical and crash studies on the causation of soft tissue and related trauma-induced injuries. Litigation One, 2003.

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International, Academic Otological Conference (2nd 1984 Lövångers Kyrkstad Sweden). Middle ear with special reference to connective tissue and middle ear effusion: Proceedings of the 2nd International Academic Otological Conference, Lövångers Kyrkstad, August 22-24, 1984. Universitets Tryckeri, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reference tissue"

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Stief, T. "Tissue Factor." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3049.

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Stief, T. "Tissue-Plasminogenaktivator." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3054.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue Polypeptide Antigen." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3052.

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Oganesyan, Artem, and Narine Sarvazyan. "Reference Search, Image and Data Analysis." In Tissue Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39698-5_1.

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Stief, T., and P. Kiefer. "Tissue factor pathway inhibitor." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3050.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3053.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3051.

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Singh, Garima, and Bismita Nayak. "Processing of Tissue Specimen with Special Reference to Fatty Tissue." In Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2425-8_37.

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Yancheva, Svetla, and Violeta Kondakova. "Plant Tissue Culture Technology: Present and Future Development." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54600-1_16.

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Yancheva, Svetla, and Violeta Kondakova. "Plant Tissue Culture Technology: Present and Future Development." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32004-5_16-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reference tissue"

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Thrapp, Andrew D., Philipp Rauschendorfer, Lillian Wang, Farouc Jaffer, and Guillermo Tearney. "Improved intravascular fluorescence quantification using a reusable tissue mimicking phantom with conical lumen and an absorptive reference." In Light in Cardiology 2025, edited by Gijs van Soest, Christos Bourantas, and Irina V. Larina. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3048734.

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Muhammad, Alhassan, Abdul Rahman Azhar, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa, and Abdul Aziz Mohd Zahri. "Impact of Maltose Additive on Improving the Radiation Sensitivity of HEMA Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Radiotherapy." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xu3z3u.

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of maltose additive on the radiation sensitivity of the polymer gel dosimeter (PGD), made from a less toxic monomer, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). The sensitivity of the PGD recipe made from HEMA as monomer, N,N’- Methylene-Bis-Acrylamide (BIS) as cross linker, Gelatin as gel matrix and Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as antioxidant, was evaluated using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis.) when irradiated with x-ray, using clinical linear accelerator (LINAC), within the dose range of 0–30 Gy. The baseline correction was performed using three different approaches: using (i) deionized water (DI-H2O), (ii) unirradiated sample in the reference compartment, and (iii) unirradiated sample in both the reference and the sample compartments. DI-H2O or unirradiated sample was then used as a reference sample to scan the irradiated ones. The three approaches were compared and all of them confirmed that increasing the maltose concentration within the optimal range results in an improved sensitivity. However, they differed in the optimum concentration. The result revealed that using the third approach, maltose addition achieved an efficiency of 750.0% compared to the sample without the addition, while the first and the second approaches achieved efficiencies of 550.0% and 330.0% respectively. The reasons for these differences were discussed. These findings are important for enhancing radiation dosimetry using PGDs and we finally recommend the use of maltose additive in the HEMA-based PGD to improve radiation sensitivity, melting temperature and tissue equivalence for radiotherapy planning and dosimetry system.
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Di Ninni, Paola, Fabrizio Martelli, and Giovanni Zaccanti. "Toward a reference standard for tissue phantoms." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Robert J. Nordstrom and Gerard L. Coté. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874658.

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Kim, Kyungsang, Inki Hong, Young Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Quanzheng Li. "Residual Simplified Reference Tissue Model with Covariance Estimation." In 2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi45749.2020.9098583.

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Nguyen, Trong, Minh Do, and Michael L. Oelze. "Sensitivity Analysis of Reference-Free Quantitative Ultrasound Tissue Classification." In 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579885.

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Dunkers, Joy P., Stefan D. Leigh, Marcus T. Cicerone, Forrest A. Landis, Francis W. Wang, and John A. Tesk. "NIST Development of Reference Material Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82012.

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In consultation with ASTM and other stakeholders in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products (TEMPs) industry, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated a project designed to produce Reference Material scaffolds for tissue engineering. The rationale for Reference Material scaffolds was developed through several NIST/Industry workshops. In brief, Reference Material scaffolds have multiple uses: facilitating the development and the validation of new test methods that measure interactions among various components of a TEMP; comparison with other scaffolds and scaffold materials in terms of cellular responses, biodegradation, and releases of growth factors; and comparisons of responses among various cell lines. The primary customers for Reference Material scaffolds are expected to be the TEMPs industry, academic researchers, regulators, and standards developing organizations. There are many properties of a TEMP that warrant development of multiple Reference Material scaffolds. Currently, NIST is defining a set of Reference Material scaffolds based on geometric descriptors such as permeability, pore volume, pore size distribution, interconnectivity, and tortuosity. In consultation with ASTM, NIST is testing three candidate scaffolds produced by: three dimensional (3-D) printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling (FDM). Scaffolds made by these methods have been obtained from Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) (Cleveland, OH), and Osteopore International (Singapore), respectively, for structural characterization. These prototype scaffolds, with well-defined architectures, have been selected to address the following items of interest: 1) establishment of useful functional definitions of porosity content, interconnectivity, and pores; 2) evaluation of testing methods listed in the Standard Guide for the Porosity of Polymeric Scaffolds for Use in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products, which is being drafted by ASTM. Currently, NIST and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the Food and Drug Administration, as well as other groups from US and foreign laboratories, are actively carrying out cross-validation test of these prototype scaffolds.
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Kim, Kyungsang, Young Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Quanzheng Li. "Parametric image estimation using Residual simplified reference tissue model." In The Fifteenth International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, edited by Samuel Matej and Scott D. Metzler. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2534958.

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Liu, Z. P., W. Y. Gu, W. M. Lai, and V. C. Mow. "Analysis of One-Dimensional Confined Swelling of Charged-Hydrated Soft Tissues." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0289.

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Abstract Charged hydrated soft tissues such as articular cartilage and the intervertebral disc have a strong tendency to swell in a hypotonic bath because of the high fixed charge density (FCD) within the tissue [e.g., 1–4]. For an excised tissue without externally applied loads, the tissue volume will change in response to changes in a bathing solution (free swelling) until the osmotic pressure is balanced by the elastic stresses on the solid matrix. A mechanical stress is needed to prevent the tissue from swelling from a given reference state (e.g., 0.15M NaCl). This stress may be called the swelling pressure relative to this reference state. The kinetic response of the swelling pressure to changes in bathing solution is associated with tissue material properties, such as the FCD, hydraulic permeability, ion diffusivity and stiffness of the solid matrix. In this study, we report our analysis on the one-dimensional confined swelling experiment of a charged hydrated soft tissue using the mechano-electrochemical theory developed in [3].
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Di Ninni, Paola, Yves Bérubé-Lauzière, and Fabrizio Martelli. "Possible diffusive reference standards for tissue phantoms based on fat emulsions." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Robert J. Nordstrom and Gerard L. Coté. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.908621.

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van Niekerk, Douglas, Tomi Baikie, and Róisín Owens. "Redefining Reference Electrode Design Principles for Enhanced Sensitivity in Tissue Monitoring." In Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials, Devices and Applications. FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.cybioel.2024.054.

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Reports on the topic "Reference tissue"

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Suriyaphol, Gunnaporn. Study the gene expression of E-cadherin, syndecan1, matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9, -14 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in canine oral melanoma. Chulalongkorn University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2015.80.

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The objectives of this study were to 1.) select the suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerse chain reaction in the most common canine oral cancers: oral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 2.) study the gene expression of E-cadherin (CDH1), syndecan 1 (SDC1), matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9, -14 (MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP14) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP1, TIMP2) in canine OM at the mRNA level and study the CDH1, SDC1 and Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and 3.) study the association of gene expression and the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage. Twelve OM tissues with different TNM stages together with 7 OSCC and 8 normal gingival tissues were collected for reference gene selection. Five algorithms were used to evaluate 6 candidate reference genes, including beta actin (ACTB), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein L13a (RPL13a), ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5), and ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19). The result showed that the cohort of the most suitable reference genes for canine OM and OSCC were ACTB, RPS5 and RPS19 and they were then used to normalize target genes in qRT-PCR. In OM, CDH1 and SDC1, encoding tumor suppressor proteins, were found to be down-regulated, corresponding to the IHC results. MMP7 gene was also found to be down-regulated whereas MMP2 and MMP14, encoding the proMMP2 activator, were upregulated, indicating cancer progression. TIMP1, encoding an inhibitor of tumor progression and metastasis, and TIMP2, encoding an inhibitor of MMP2, were upregulated in the early stage (stages 1 and 2) and late stage (stages 3-4) of the disease, respectively. Ki-67 expression, an indicator of proliferating cells, was also found to be upregulated in OM. In conclusion, the present study reported the suitable reference genes for canine OM and OSCC. The association of tumor suppressing gene and some MMP gene expression with OM was presented, regardless of the disease stages. Upregulation of TIMPs in the different stages of OM should be further studied for the possibility to be used as pathological and diagnostic markers of the disease stages.
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Liu, Zhen, Zhizhen Lv, Jiao Shi, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Manipulative Therapy for Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0123.

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Review question / Objective: Manipulative therapy has been increasingly applied to alleviate those who suffer from chronic neck pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to determine the efficacy of manipulative therapy for chronic neck pain. P: Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. I: Manipulative therapy. C: Exercise, rehabilitation, or other physical therapy. O: Pain intensity and Neck disability. S: Randomized controlled trials. Condition being studied: Pain in the neck is a disagreeable sensory and emotional experience associated with the potential or actual damage of tissue that affects the cervical region. Pain in the neck that lasts for a long period is a serious problem for public health that causes a lot of pressure. Manipulative therapy is usually considered an alternative treatment option with the advantages of fewer verse effects and lower treatment costs compared to exercise. Therefore, this study retrieved the relevant randomized controlled trials of manipulative therapy in the treatment of chronic neck pain and conducted a comprehensive quantitative analysis to offer an evidence-based reference for the clinical application of manipulative therapy.
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Matthews, Lisa, Guanming Wu, Robin Haw, et al. Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways. Reactome, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221027matthews.

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Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families, may offer therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Reactome is the most comprehensive, open-access pathway knowledgebase covering 2585 pathways and including 14246 reactions, 11088 proteins, 13984 complexes, and 1093 drugs. Placing dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways provides a framework of reference for these proteins facilitating the generation of hypotheses for experimental biologists to develop targeted experiments, unravel the potential functions of these proteins, and then design drugs to manipulate them. To this end, we have trained a random forest with 106 protein/gene pairwise features collected from multiple resources to predict functional interactions between dark proteins and proteins annotated in Reactome and then developed three scores to measure the interactions between dark proteins and Reactome pathways based on enrichment analysis and fuzzy logic simulations. Literature evidence via manual checking and systematic NLP-based analysis support predicted interacting pathways for dark proteins. To visualize dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways, we have also developed a new website, idg.reactome.org, by extending the Reactome web application with new features illustrating these proteins together with tissue-specific protein and gene expression levels and drug interactions.
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Davis, Andy, Andrea Atkinson, Michael Feeley, et al. Coral reef ecosystem water temperature monitoring: Protocol narrative—version 1.2. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2308365.

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The Coral Reef Ecosystem Water Temperature Monitoring protocol is a guide for the deployment, maintenance, and data management of South Florida/Caribbean Network temperature loggers. These loggers are deployed at long-term benthic monitoring sites and help interpret coral health at these locations. The three primary objectives for this monitoring protocol include: 1) Determine occurrence and duration of warm- and cold-water events that exceed thresholds known to cause stress (e.g., coral bleaching) to coral species for the purpose of interpreting trends in coral community metrics; 2) Determine the status and trends in water temperatures at reef depth; and 3) Assess any correlations of warm-water events and/or cold-water events with coral bleaching and/or disease outbreaks. Temperature loggers are located at reef depth at a position generally representative of the site. Most monitoring locations are between 3 and 20 meters (9.9–65.6 feet [ft]) depth but can reach 30-plus meters (98.4-plus ft) deep. Duplicate loggers are attached at the same point. Water temperature has been historically collected as a basic parameter of water quality monitoring efforts at coral reef sites throughout the world. There are numerous references in scientific literature suggesting a link between water temperature anomalies and coral colony survivorship. Coral bleaching occurs when the coral host loses zooxanthellae from its tissue due to physiological stress, most often associated with high water temperatures and/or high incidence of solar radiation. Additionally, unusually cold water temperatures have been found to affect the survivorship of corals and other reef dwelling organisms. The National Park Service and United States Geological Survey have collected water temperature data around St. John and Virgin Islands National Park since 1990. This effort has expanded throughout the network, with 16 long-term in situ water temperature monitoring sites presently managed by the South Florida/Caribbean Network in Biscayne National Park (2), Buck Island Reef National Monument (3), Dry Tortugas National Park (3), Salt River National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (2), and Virgin Islands National Park (6). This document also details the management of water temperature data, which shifted from Microsoft Access to Aquarius, a web-based NPS repository for water quality data. Data collected under this protocol will also be useful to NPS efforts outside the network such as the Climate Change Response Program’s work to develop climate change strategies.
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Miller, Gad, and Jeffrey F. Harper. Pollen fertility and the role of ROS and Ca signaling in heat stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598150.bard.

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The long-term goal of this research is to understand how pollen cope with stress, and identify genes that can be manipulated in crop plants to improve reproductive success during heat stress. The specific aims were to: 1) Compare heat stress dependent changes in gene expression between wild type pollen, and mutants in which pollen are heat sensitive (cngc16) or heat tolerant (apx2-1). 2) Compare cngc16 and apx2 mutants for differences in heat-stress triggered changes in ROS, cNMP, and Ca²⁺ transients. 3) Expand a mutant screen for pollen with increased or decreased thermo-tolerance. These aims were designed to provide novel and fundamental advances to our understanding of stress tolerance in pollen reproductive development, and enable research aimed at improving crop plants to be more productive under conditions of heat stress. Background: Each year crop yields are severely impacted by a variety of stress conditions, including heat, cold, drought, hypoxia, and salt. Reproductive development in flowering plants is highly sensitive to hot or cold temperatures, with even a single hot day or cold night sometimes being fatal to reproductive success. In many plants, pollen tube development and fertilization is often the weakest link. Current speculation about global climate change is that most agricultural regions will experience more extreme environmental fluctuations. With the human food supply largely dependent on seeds, it is critical that we consider ways to improve stress tolerance during fertilization. The heat stress response (HSR) has been intensively studied in vegetative tissues, but is poorly understood during reproductive development. A general paradigm is that HS is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of ROS-scavenging enzymes to protect cells from excess oxidative damage. The activation of the HSR has been linked to cytosolic Ca²⁺ signals, and transcriptional and translational responses, including the increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidative pathways. The focus of the proposed research was on two mutations, which have been discovered in a collaboration between the Harper and Miller labs, that either increase or decrease reproductive stress tolerance in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (i.e., cngc16--cyclic nucleotide gated channel 16, apx2-1--ascorbate peroxidase 2,). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. Using RNA-seq technology, the expression profiles of cngc16 and apx2 pollen grains were independently compared to wild type under favourable conditions and following HS. In comparison to a wild type HSR, there were 2,776 differences in the transcriptome response in cngc16 pollen, consistent with a model in which this heat-sensitive mutant fails to enact or maintain a normal wild-type HSR. In a comparison with apx2 pollen, there were 900 differences in the HSR. Some portion of these 900 differences might contribute to an improved HSR in apx2 pollen. Twenty-seven and 42 transcription factor changes, in cngc16 and apx2-1, respectively, were identified that could provide unique contributions to a pollen HSR. While we found that the functional HS-dependent reprogramming of the pollen transcriptome requires specific activity of CNGC16, we identified in apx2 specific activation of flavonol-biosynthesis pathway and auxin signalling that support a role in pollen thermotolerance. Results from this study have identified metabolic pathways and candidate genes of potential use in improving HS tolerance in pollen. Additionally, we developed new FACS-based methodology that can quantify the stress response for individual pollen in a high-throughput fashion. This technology is being adapted for biological screening of crop plant’s pollen to identify novel thermotolerance traits. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. This study has provided a reference data on the pollen HSR from a model plant, and supports a model that the HSR in pollen has many differences compared to vegetative cells. This provides an important foundation for understanding and improving the pollen HSR, and therefor contributes to the long-term goal of improving productivity in crop plants subjected to temperature stress conditions. A specific hypothesis that has emerged from this study is that pollen thermotolerance can be improved by increasing flavonol accumulation before or during a stress response. Efforts to test this hypothesis have been initiated, and if successful have the potential for application with major seed crops such as maize and rice.
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