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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'References (Philosophy)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Nickless, David M. A. "Interpreting references to the subject in philosophical writings." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3430.

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In this thesis I will develop and test an interpretive framework for the Subject based on the understanding that an entity can be identified as a Subject if it is the necessary referent for an attribution. This understanding provides a template for approaching different Subjects, for considering the validity of their being identified as Subjects, and for reorienting the general discourse of the Subject away from an investigation of particular entities to one concerned with the contexts which support such identifications.
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Terveen, J. L. "Jesus in Hebrews : An exegetical analysis of the references to Jesus' earthly life in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372979.

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3

Beddoes, Diane J. "Breeding demons : a critical enquiry into the relationship between Kant and Deleuze with specific references to women." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34658/.

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This thesis addresses the relation between Immanuel Kant and Gilles Deleuze, with reference to women. It argues that Deleuze's "methods" reveal an intensive dyanamic in Kant obscured by readings which concentrate on the molar structures in his thought and that this dynamic is implicated with the deployment by Deleuze (and Guattari) of becoming-woman as a middle line which escapes the rational tribunal. It insists that a philosophy of difference function as a positive elimination of relations to unity, to the subject and to other figures of power in philosophical thought and that Deleuze's oeuvre is a critical and creative engagement with the transformation of philosophical problems and the relation of thinking to history which emerge from this. The other theme, that of women, is addressed through Luce Irigaray's reading of Kant and Rosi Braidotti's reading of becoming-woman. I argue that whilst the former's critique of an uncritically assumed symmetry in Kant's work is effective and well-directed, she becomes caught in her own methodology of jamming, but that there are nonetheless strong and productive directions in her thought, many of which are parallel and/or connected to those of Deleuze and Guattari's becoming-woman. Against Braidotti's interpretation of becoming-woman, I argue that it adopts a molar political strategy and as such does not connect with the force behind this thought. Lastly, this thesis is an argument against bilateral sexual difference, in favour of distributive or 'n-sexes': the title, Breeding Demons connects the theme of demons in Deleuze's writing to the cycles which effect such distributions.
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Kelly, Howard Damian. "Being and time, §15 : around-for references and the content of mundane concern." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/being-and-time-15-aroundfor-references-and-the-content-of-mundane-concern(ce40e9c6-4305-4cd0-b3a5-1c50fb19cbb0).html.

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This thesis articulates a novel interpretation of Heidegger’s explication of the being (Seins) of gear (Zeugs) in §15 of his masterwork Being and Time (1927/2006) and develops and applies the position attributed to Heidegger to explain three phenomena of unreflective action discussed in recent literature and articulate a partial Heideggerian ecological metaphysics. Since §15 of BT explicates the being of gear, Part 1 expounds Heidegger’s concept of the ‘being’ (Seins) of beings (Seienden) and two issues raised in the ‘preliminary methodological remark’ in §15 of BT regarding explicating being. §1.1 interprets the being (Sein) or synonymously constitution of being (Seinsverfassung) of a being (Seienden) as a regional essence: a property unifying a region (Region), district (Bezirk), or subject-area (Sachgebiet) – a highly general (‘regional’) class of entities. Although Heidegger posits two components of the being of a being, viz. material-content (Sachhaltigkeit, Sachgehalt) and mode-of-being (Seinsart) or way-of-being (Seinsweise, Weise des Seins, Weise zu sein) (1927/1975, 321), the unclarity of this distinction means that it does not figure prominently herein. §1.2 addresses Heidegger’s distinction between ontological and ontic investigations and his notion of ‘modes of access’ (Zugangsarten, Zugangsweisen). Part 2 expounds §15 of BT’s explication of the being of gear. §2.1 analyses Heidegger’s two necessary and sufficient conditions for being gear and three core basic concepts (Grundbegriffe) enabling comprehension of these conditions and therewith a foundational comprehension of gear. Heidegger explicates the being of gear through content of unreflectively purposeful, non-intersubjective intentional states. I term such states ‘mundane concern’, which is almost synonymous with Hubert Dreyfus’s term ‘absorbed coping’ (1991, 69). Heidegger’s explication highlights around-for references (Um-zu-Verweisungen) as the peculiar species of property figuring in mundanely concernful intentional content. §2.2 clarifies Heidegger’s position on the relationship between to-hand-ness (Zuhandenheit) and extantness (Vorhandenheit) in the narrow sense: two of Heidegger’s most widely discussed concepts. I reject Kris McDaniel’s recent reading of Heidegger as affirming that nothing could be both to-hand and extant simultaneously (McDaniel 2012). Part 3 develops and applies Heidegger’s phenomenology of mundane concern. §3.1 explains the phenomena of situational holism, situated normativity, and mundanely concernful prospective control. §3.2 undertakes the metaphysical accommodation of around-for references, which §3.1 posited as featuring prominently within mundanely concernful intentional content. This thesis thus contributes not only to Heidegger scholarship, but also to contemporary debates within the philosophy of action and cognitive science.
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5

Francisco, Antônio Marcos 1980. "Gottlob Frege : da noção de conteúdo à distinção entre sentido e referência." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281688.

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Orientador: Arley Ramos Moreno
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco_AntonioMarcos_M.pdf: 1498266 bytes, checksum: d034937dfd7ddf91412ce63d596737d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O intuito do presente trabalho é expor e associar dois momentos do pensamento de Gottlob Frege - um situado na obra Conceitografia, publicada em 1879, e outro presente a partir da distinção entre sentido e referência articulada, principalmente, no artigo Sobre o Sentido e a Referência, publicado em 1892. O objetivo é explicitar que apesar de existirem significativas diferenças entre as duas épocas é possível perceber uma profunda continuidade no desenvolvimento de um projeto único, e também uma clara conexão entre as duas obras, apesar de o léxico filosófico fregeano ter passado por expressivas alterações após a concepção da distinção entre sentido e referência. Este trabalho está dividido em quatro partes: a primeira apresenta o que motivou o matemático Gottlob Frege a dedicar-se à análise da linguagem e elaborar uma "conceitografia" para representar o que é fundamental na proposição - o conteúdo conceitual; o momento seguinte, capítulo II, expõe como o problema da identidade de conteúdo culminou com um esboço de uma teoria semântica na obra de 1879; a parte três expõe a conexão entre a teoria semântica de 1879 e de 1892; a parte final, capítulo IV, é uma tentativa de expor como os temas do artigo de 1892 estão intimamente associados com as questões apresentadas na obra Conceitografia
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to describe and to connect the two moments of thought of Gottlob Frege - one found in the work Conceptual Notation published in 1879 and the other one in the article On Sense and Reference published in 1892, which presents the distinction between sense and reference. The goal is to explain that although there are significant differences between the two moments it is possible to perceive a deep continuity in the development of a single project. There is also a clear connection between the two works despite of the Fregean technical terms having gone through major changes after taking into consideration the conception of the distinction between sense and reference. This work is divided into four parts: the first one introduces what motivated the mathematician Gottlob Frege to devote himself to the analysis of language and develop a formula language to represent what is fundamental in the proposition - the conceptual content; the second in the Chapter II exposes how the problem of identity content culminated with a sketch of a semantic theory in the work of 1879, the third one explains the connection between theory and semantics from 1879 and from 1892, and finally, Chapter IV , is an attempt to expose how the themes of the article of 1892 are closely associated with the work Conceitografia affairs
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
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6

Rosenkrantz, Max Langan. "Sense, reference and ontology in early analytic philosophy /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004369.

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7

Wong, Pak-hang, and 黃柏恒. "Names and assertions: Soames's millian descriptivism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35337096.

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8

Chan, Ka-wo, and 陳嘉和. "What if natural kind terms are rigid?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41633878.

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Ortega, Cano Laura. "La determinación de la referencia de los términos para artefactos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113780.

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La tesis trata de un aspecto semántico de los términos para artefactos: la determinación de su referencia. Para abordar esta cuestión, exploro la sugerencia putnamiana según la cual la referencia de los términos de clase artificial está determinada de manera externista. En el primer capítulo de la tesis, presento un estudio previo de la determinación de la referencia de los nombres propios y los términos de clase natural. Presento las principales propuestas internistas para estos términos y las críticas que se han hecho desde el externismo semántico. Mi conclusión tras esta presentación es que los argumentos decisivos a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia, tanto de los nombres propios como de los términos de clase natural, son los argumentos de ignorancia y error. Y estos mismos argumentos serán también, en la medida en que sean posibles, los argumentos decisivos a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia de los términos de clase artificial. En el segundo capítulo de la tesis, analizo la naturaleza de los artefactos: la propiedad importante de las clases artificiales parece ser su función, una característica impuesta por nosotros. Esto ha llevado a algunos autores a defender que las clases artificiales son clases nominales y que los términos para artefactos son términos de clase nominal. Pero, como defiendo en la tesis, los términos para artefactos no son términos como ‘soltero’ y, por otro lado, la metafísica de los artefactos condiciona la semántica de los correspondientes términos mucho menos de lo que habitualmente se asume. Lo decisivo para la semántica es la adopción de una postura ante la tesis epistemológica según la cual no es posible estar equivocados ni ser ignorantes sobre la naturaleza de un tipo de artefactos. Putnam piensa que sí es posible estar equivocado o ser ignorante sobre la naturaleza de una clase artificial y propone un argumento de error sobre los lápices. Sin embargo este argumento externista no se ha considerado concluyente porque no es un argumento de error sobre la naturaleza relevante de los artefactos en cuestión: su función. En el tercer capítulo, presento las alternativas internistas descriptivitas al modelo externista putnamiano para los términos para artefactos. Presento, por un lado, el descriptivismo de Schwartz y, por otro, la teoría híbrida de Thomasson. Ambas propuestas, sin embargo, están sujetas a diferentes críticas que les planteo. Pero la crítica definitiva contra el internismo descriptivista es plantear un argumento de ignorancia o error respecto a la propiedad relevante de un tipo de artefacto. En el cuarto y último capítulo de la tesis expongo los argumentos externistas de ignorancia y error que se han presentado después de Putnam, los argumentos de Kornblith y Nelson, respectivamente. Sin embargo, aunque son argumentos que versan sobre la función de algún tipo de artefacto, son argumentos con un alcance limitado en lo que pretenden mostrar. Pero creo que puede haber argumentos externistas como los requeridos que no tengan un mero alcance local. Presento un argumento de ignorancia y otro de error a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia de los términos para artefactos. Sin embargo, tras analizar estos argumentos y defenderlos de posibles objeciones, concluyo que, seguramente, no son extensibles a cualquier tipo de artefacto, sino sólo a artefactos que cumplen ciertas condiciones.
This dissertation is about the determination of reference of terms for artifacts. In order to study the question of how the reference of those terms is determined, I explore the Putnamian suggestion that terms for artifacts respond to an externalist semantics. In the first chapter, I present a preliminary study about how the reference of proper names and natural kind terms is determined. Mi conclusion is that the decisive arguments for externalism are ignorance and error arguments. In the second chapter, I analyze the nature of artifacts and criticize the idea that the metaphysics of artifacts determines the semantics of the corresponding terms. In particular, I argue that, regardless of the metaphysical position about artifacts, artefactual kinds are not nominal kinds and artefactual kind terms are not nominal kind terms. What is relevant for the semantics is the epistemological thesis according to which speakers cannot be ignorant or mistaken about the nature of an artefactual kind. Putnam thinks that this thesis is false and presents an error argument concerning pencils. But this argument is not conclusive since it is not about the relevant nature of the artifacts: its function. In the third chapter, I present the descriptivist internalist alternatives to the Putnamian model: Schwartz’s descriptivism and Thomasson’s hybrid theory of reference. And I raise different objections against these theories. But the decisive criticism against descriptivism consists of presenting an ignorance or error argument concerning the relevant nature of an artifact, its function. In the fourth chapter, I expose the externalist ignorance and error arguments by Kornblith and Nelson, respectively, concerning the function of an artifact. However, those arguments have a limited scope. But I think that the required externalist arguments are available; I propose some of them and defend those arguments from possible objections. However, those arguments are not extensible to any type of artifact, but just to artifacts under certain conditions. So, although externalism cannot be ruled out for artifactual words, perhaps it is not adequate for all artifactual kind terms.
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陳啓恩 and Kai-yan Chan. "A critique of Kripke's theories of proper names and names of natural kinds: an application of the laterWittgenstein's methodology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236546.

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Branquinho, João Miguel Biscaia Valadas. "Direct reference, cognitive significance and Fregean sense." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d87a630-2d56-4e0a-a437-ab8f3ad82ad8.

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This essay deals with certain problems in the theory of singular reference. The following question is taken as central: What role is to be assigned to nonempty and syntactically simple singular terms in fixing the semantic contents of utterances of declarative sentences in which they may occur? I focus on those aspects of the current dispute between Millian and neo-Fregean approaches to singular reference which are related to issues about the cognitive significance of language use; the following two issues are singled out as crucial: the issue about (alleged) potential differences in informativeness between sentences constructed out of co-referential singular terms; and the issue about (alleged) failures of substitutivity salva veritate of co-referential singular terms in propositional-attitude contexts. The general direction of my arguments is as follows. On the one hand, I argue that "notational variance" claims recently advanced on both sides of the dispute should be deemed unsound; and hence that one is really confronted with separate accounts of singular content. On the other, I argue that Milllanism does not provide us with a satisfactory solution to the problems about cognitive significance; and hence that a framework of singular senses is Indispensable to deal with such problems in an adequate way. I also discuss the problem of Cognitive Dynamics, i.e. the issue of attitude-retention and persistence of mental content, in connection with the individuation of indexical thought. I argue that the standard Intuitive Criterion of Difference for thoughts might be reasonably extended to the diachronic case, allowing thus the possibility of discriminating between thoughts entertained by a thinker at different times.
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Kanterian, Edward. "Descriptive names : a contribution to the semantics of referring expressions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:885ec416-df87-4bf2-b3ab-4c2173f53804.

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A theory of descriptive names is developed and defended against several objections. Descriptive names pose an interesting challenge to any theory of reference, since they possess both features of proper names and definite descriptions, i.e. of expressions which are often considered to be radically different. These features are referentiality and descriptive sense. The thesis takes as its point of departure Gareth Evans's theory of descriptive names, improves upon it and discusses several other authors and related theories along the way. Chapter I provides an brief introduction to the topic and an abstract of the main lines of argument. Chapter 2 argues that descriptive names possess both referential status and descriptive sense, and that these qualities constitute the two most basic elements of the notion of descriptive reference (which is contrasted with Russellian reference). It is demonstrated that not all names introduced by description are descriptive names, a claim which is given additional substance by a comparison between Evans's and Kripke's accounts of such names. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with two major challenges to the possibility of descriptive names. Chapter 3 explores the possibility of a truth-conditional theory of meaning for descriptive names, but it is shown that if we follow Evans's suggestion that the semantic value of a descriptive name is to be construed according to model theory - namely, as an entity distinct from the referent (a set) - such a theory will result in treating descriptive names as predicates, and thus eliminate then qua referring expressions. Similar accounts given by other authors are also examined and found to be problematic. I conclude by rejecting the model-theoretic notion of semantic value. Chapter 4 addresses a second challenge, posed by the fact that if a descriptive name has a descriptive sense, then given a Russellian analysis of definite descriptions, descriptive names must be quantifier phrases, and thus, again, non-referring expressions. It is argued that if this is true, then the use of negative free logic is unnecessary. Using the idea of rigidified descriptions, it is shown that Evans's arguments, based on modality and simplicity considerations, fail to save both the referentiality and descriptive sense of descriptive names while semantically dissociating them from descriptions. I show that descriptive names can be treated as shorthand for rigidified descriptions and thus semantically on a par with the latter, which, as I demonstrate, is still consistent with Evans's own (convincing) solution of the puzzle of the contingent a priori. Nevertheless, this still does not guarantee the referentiality of descriptive names. Chapter 5 presents in detail the argument that we can only save the referentiality and descriptive sense of descriptive names if we treat definite descriptions as referring expressions. Several negative arguments undermining the most influential defences of the Russellianism are given and three positive accounts of referring descriptions, Wettstein's, Sainbury's and Strawson's, are critically discussed, finally settling, with some proviso, for Strawson's. Finally, the principles of a 'Fregean' free logic for Strawsonian semantics are sketched, and I suggest ways in which a truth theory could be expressed by means of these principles. Chapter 6 summarises the achievements, sketches possible research concerning descriptive names and concludes that the analysis of descriptive names is useful in at least three ways: it provides us with means to, first, solve problems that arise from the introduction of artificial expressions such as descriptive names (e.g. the problem of the contingent a priori), second, to better understand our natural language and its relation to formal theories of meaning, and, last but not least, to give a strong rationale for a referential treatment of definite descriptions. Chapter 7 includes the bibliography and Chapter 8 a list of axioms and formulas.
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Smit, Johannes Petrus. "The strange case of the missing theory of reference." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648662.

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Miller, Hugh. "Objects, generality and reference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358467.

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Wong, Pak-hang. "Names and assertions Soames's millian descriptivism /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35337096.

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Rice, Martin Albert. "Reference and relativism /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662145926.

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Pelman, Alik. "Reference and modality : a theory of intensions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445779/.

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The study of reference often leads to addressing fundamental issues in semantics, metaphysics and epistemology this suggests that reference is closely linked to the three realms. The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate the structure of some of these links, through a close exarriination of the "mechanism" of reference. As in many other enquiries, considering the possible (i.e., the modal,) in addition to the actual proves very helpful in clarifying and explicating insights. The reference of a term with respect to possible worlds is commonly called "intension" so this is a study of intensions. The main contribution of the study is an outline for a "calculator" of intensions. It is argued that the intension of a term is a function of three variables: (a) the way in which the term "picks out" its referent in different possible worlds (semantics) (b) criteria of identity (metaphysics) and (c) the actual state of affairs (actuality). While considering different possible values for these variables, it is demonstrated how the variables combine to generate the term's intension. In other words, the result is a calculator that when provided with the required values, yields the reference of the term in different possible worlds. By taking into account the possible gap between what we take the values of these variables to be and what they may in fact be, we also gain important insights into the epistemic aspect of reference. In addition, since a "rigid designator" is a term with constant intension, the proposed thesis provides an elaborate account of rigidity. The first chapter is devoted to the development of the calculator of intensions. Each of the following three chapters elaborates on one aspect of intensions, namely, the semantic, metaphysical and epistemic aspects. In the course of these chapters, various familiar puzzles pertaining to the respective philosophical realms are addressed (many of these puzzles are discussed in Kripke's Naming and Necessity a. work that considerably inspired this study). In the fifth and last chapter the analysis of intensions is applied to two case-studies from relatively recent philosophical literature: the Kripke-Lewis debate over the identity theory of mind, and the debate over the significance of Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. The novel accounts that these applications generate purport to illustrate the importance and originality of the proposed thesis.
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Segal, Gabriel Mark Aurel. "In deference to reference." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14636.

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Panizza, Chiara. "Fictional names and fictional discourse." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399676.

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In this dissertation I present a critical study of fiction, focusing on the semantics of fictional names and fictional discourse. I am concerned with the issue of whether fictional names need to refer, and also with the related issue of whether fictional characters need to exist, in order to best account for our linguistic practices involving fictional names. Fictional names like ‘Sherlock Holmes’, ‘Anna Karenina’, ‘Emma Woodhouse’ and ‘Don Quixote of La Mancha’ ordinarily occur in different contexts of discourse, in which we think and talk about fictional characters in ways that show that our pre-theoretical intuitions regarding the use of fictional names often tend in opposite directions. Given the conflicting intuitions about our linguistic practices when fictional names are involved, theories of fiction have ended up giving away some intuitions in order to favor others. In the contemporary philosophical debate about fiction, there are two main streams of theories of fiction: irrealist theories that state the lack of reference of fictional names, and realist theories that state that fictional names refer to fictional characters. If we assume that fictional names do not refer to fictional characters, as irrealists do, then semantic questions arise regarding how best to make sense of the apparent phenomena of reference and truth in fictional discourse. If, on the other hand, we assume that fictional names refer to fictional characters, as realists do, then semantic questions arise concerning the contexts of discourse in which there is reference and truth about fictional characters, together with metaphysical questions about the nature of those characters. This dissertation consists of six chapters. After presenting the data and desiderata for my research in Chapter 1, in Chapter 2 I address what I consider to be two of the most influential irrealist proposals, Kendall L. Walton’s (1990) and Mark Sainsbury’s (2005 and 2009). Both proposals make sense of fictional names and fictional discourse without invoking fictional entities. In Chapters 3, 4 and 5 I address three main realist theories of fiction, according to which fictional names refer to fictional characters: Meinongianism, Possibilism and Creationism. Even if the three theories endorse the ontological claim that there are fictional entities, they disagree about the metaphysical nature of such entities. After arguing for pros and contras with respect to the semantic account of fictional names and discourse put forward by any such realist view, I endorse the realist stance known as creationism. The label ‘creationism’ is used in philosophical jargon to denote a family of theories that hold the metaphysical thesis that fictional characters exist as artefacts, really created by authors in making works of fiction, and so really existing; they are not concrete individuals (they are not real people, places, animals, or whatever) as they do not have a spatio- temporal location – they are abstract. In chapter 6 I put forward arguments in favor of creationism that are not broadly metaphysical in nature, but are instead founded in our understanding of storytelling practices and fictional discourse. My research focuses on the issues of how and when we refer (mentally and linguistically) to fictional characters, assuming that they are abstract created artefacts. In the view I defend in this dissertation, fictional names – as much as ordinary non-fictional names – play two crucial roles, one semantic and the other cognitive: on the one hand, they provide a particular individual as their semantic contribution to the meaning of the sentences in which they appear; on the other hand, they are triggers of significance for our cognitive minds. Fictional names are rated as directly referring expressions, leading to singular thoughts and de re pretendings about fictional characters. This view on fictional names accounts for the object-directedness of thoughts and discourse about fictional characters.
El punto de partida de esta disertación es un análisis semántico de los enunciados que contienen nombres de ficción, como ‘Sherlock Holmes es un brillante detective’, ‘Sherlock Holmes no existe’ o ‘Sherlock Holmes es un personaje de ficción’. El problema semántico fundamental que postulan dichos enunciados podría sintetizarse de la siguiente manera: ¿cómo es posible explicar la intuición de que tales enunciados dan lugar a usos lingüísticos significativos e, incluso, verdaderos, aun cuando parezca que uno no está hablando acerca de nada o nadie real? Esta disertación consta de seis capítulos. Después de presentar los datos y los objetivos de mi investigación en el Capítulo 1, en el Capítulo 2 analizo las que considero ser dos de las propuestas irrealista más influyentes, la de Kendall L. Walton (1990) y la de Mark Sainsbury (2005 y 2009), que ofrecen un análisis de los nombres de ficción, y a la vez de los enunciados en los que aparecen, sin invocar entidades ficticias. Posteriormente, analizo las tres principales teorías realistas sobre la ficción, es decir el Meinongianismo, el Posibilismo y el Creacionismo. Si bien las tres teorías comparten la asunción ontológica de que sí hay entidades ficticias, discrepan no obstante acerca de la naturaleza metafísica de tales entidades. Los capítulos 3, 4 y 5 están dedicados a un análisis detallado de los pros y los contras de cada una de estas teorías realistas, con respecto al análisis semántico de los nombres de ficción y de los enunciados en los que aparecen. Finalmente, en el Capitulo 6 asumo la teoría ontológica y metafísica conocida como creacionismo, según la cual los personajes de ficción existen en la realidad como artefactos creados por la actividad artística de los autores. En este último capitulo, presento varios argumentos a favor del creacionismo que no son de carácter metafísico, sino más bien de carácter semántico y cognitivo. Desde un punto de vista semántico, defiendo la tesis de que los nombres de ficción son términos singulares que refieren a objetos ficticios, y que los enunciados en los que aparecen expresan proposiciones singulares, constituidas en parte por tales objetos ficticios. El análisis semántico se complementa con el análisis cognitivo de los nombres de ficción, y de los mecanismos que subyacen a los usos de dichos nombres.
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Chan, Ka-wo. "What if natural kind terms are rigid?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633878.

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21

Haney, Richard L. "Mapping mission as translation with reference to Michael Polanyi's heuristic philosophy." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13666/.

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My thesis proposes a theological conceptualisation for understanding gospel and culture relationships in the field of Christian mission. I begin by investigating whether the missiological categories of contextualisation and inculturation are adequate for describing how the Christian gospel is offered from one culture to another. Can the categorical metaphor, ‘translation,’ construed conceptually rather than linguistically, add a more fruitful and comprehensive way of understanding how the Christian message is transmitted across cultures? I contend that ‘mission as translation’ incorporates numerous features of contextualisation and inculturation, yet avoids weaknesses of those two interpretations. The incipient theory of mission as translation has been articulated by mission historians, Andrew Walls and Lamin Sanneh, and theologian Kwame Bediako. I use reading of key texts of these scholars to build a conceptual approach to mission as translation. I contrast their translation principles with the work of two Roman Catholic missiologists, Stephen Bevans and Robert Schreiter, proponents of mission as contextualisation. In developing the argument for my thesis, I explore insights gleaned from studying linguistics, hermeneutics and translation studies. I go on to identify three ‘linguistic translation’ features: similarity and difference, transformation, and multiplicity, and then apply Eugene Nida’s communication theory to missional translation. Drawing on heuristic insights from Michael Polanyi, I take Nida’s translation theory further and suggest that relevance theory, interpreted by Ernst-August Gutt, provides a way forward in translation studies. I argue that Polanyi’s notions of discovery and indwelling offer methodological categories to describe how a mission translator pays attention to cultural particulars and integrates them into perceived meaningful patterns. I use Polanyi’s notion of the tacit dimension as the primary hermeneutical tool in understanding mission as translation. Finally, I test mission as translation by applying it to three case studies and conclude by discussing the three ‘linguistic translation’ features in light of Christian mission.
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Sjunnesson, Rao Jan. "Deleuzean time : with reference to Aristotle, Kant and Bergson." Thesis, Södertörn University College, The School of Culture and Communication, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-110.

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Segura, Dobjanschi Nicolas. "Beauty and Politics, With Special Reference to Politics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2112.

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The paper aims to examine the nature of the relationship between beauty and the city. I examined this relationship by first providing a summary of relevant philosophers and their thoughts concerning aesthetics. Second, I compared their thoughts to my own creating my own abstract framework. Third, I implemented my abstract framework through the lens of architecture. This art form is the most organic to study the relationship of beauty within the city because it merges elements characteristic of one’s being like political discourse with the longing for some type of excitement or stimulation which might transfigure one’s self to a higher understanding, something that can only be achieved by experiencing beauty. In other words, buildings and the spaces around them drive the way in which humans interact with each other and their surroundings. I found that the beautiful is desirable and at a point becomes essential to a person’s happiness. To achieve a sense of beauty within the city, the ruling class must possess practical wisdom. A type of knowledge that allows them to pursue the appropriate and promote a kind of creativity that not only respects tradition but also aims to unveil some new form of experience.
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Nonato, Rafael. "Clause chaining, switch reference and coordination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87499.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-152).
In this thesis I ponder over a constellation of phenomena that revolve around switch reference and coordination, drawing mainly on their instantiation in Kisedje (Je, Brazil). I start by investigating Klsedje's case system. In this language there is a case split along the finite/non-finite axis. I argue that nominative is assigned by INFL, whereas ergative is assigned to the subject of INFL-less clauses. Importantly, the particles I take to instantiated INFL in Kisedje don't have tense semantics, but rather modal semantics. Investigating other properties of this modal INFL in Klsedje, I can determine the fine structure of its clause. This knowledge allows me to argue that the construction that has been identified elsewhere as clause chaining is actually asymmetric clausal coordination. The special properties that seem to distinguish clause chaining from asymmetric clausal coordination are argued to fall out from the structure of the clause in Kisedje. I further propose that the same type of structure is found in the other languages where asymmetric coordination has been called clause chaining. Asymmetric clausal coordination in Kisedje features morphology which indicates whether adjacent conjuncts have the same or different subjects (switch-reference marking). Important evidence for understanding how switch-reference is computed will come from the study of a deletion phenomenon that happens in the neighborhood of switch-reference markers in Kisedje. Besides isolating evidence for a direct agreement relation between switch-reference marking conjunction and the subject of one of the conjuncts, this study makes a contribution to the theory of morphology. Knowing the structure of the clause in Kisedje and the featural composition of switch-reference markers allows me to support a specific theory of switch-reference computation. Given this theory, I argue that asymmetric coordination (the kind of coordination where switch-reference is marked) instances an X-structure, whereas symmetric coordination (which can't be marked for switchreference) instances a flat structure. Such structural difference also allows me to explain other differences between symmetric and asymmetric coordination. Thesis Supervisor:
by Rafael Nonato.
Ph. D.
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Bagwell, Jeffrey N. "Reference and Presupposition." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/66.

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The topic of this paper is the logical analysis and translation of definite descriptions (structures of the form ‘the F’), in particular Bertrand Russell’s Theory of Descriptions, as put forth in “On Denoting” (1905). I argue in favor of an opposing theory, a presuppositional analysis of definite descriptions that fits in the tradition of Frege and Strawson, building upon the recent work of Heim and Elbourne. I argue that a definite description has a referential function that is supported by presuppositions of existence and uniqueness located outside of the analyzed sentence. Using a series of example sentences, I show that a presuppositional analysis handles the logic of ordinary language in a manner superior to a Russellian analysis, produces more natural readings of embedded sentences containing definite descriptions, explains why definite descriptions function in a consistent way across different types of sentences, and provides a much better account of the logical commitments of using referential terms. After providing background on Russell’s theory and its criticisms, I review and analyze Elbourne’s examples of sentences embedding definite descriptions in non-doxastic propositional attitudes or the antecedents of conditionals. I then present and analyze my own examples involving embedding within disjunctions and within two kinds of non-statement: questions and commands. I compare the effects of embedding sentences using proper names—another kind of referential term. I then analyze some logical consequences of Russellian analysis, and answer a potential Russellian objection.
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Valente, Matheus. "Thinking Alike: Five Essays on the Publicity of Thought = Pensar el mateix: cinc assaigs sobre la “publicitat” del pensament." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669214.

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In this dissertation, I have investigated several philosophical puzzles associated to the thesis that thoughts are public, i.e. that in successful instances of communication, understanding, and in cases where thinkers are in genuine agreement with each other, the relevant thinkers accept the same thoughts. In chapter 1, I showed that this thesis seems difficult to uphold in the face of cases involving indexical expressions. When subjects successfully communicate with indexical expressions, they are nonetheless disposed to perform different actions, and thus we have reason to deny that they accept exactly the same thoughts. In chapter 2, I showed that this thesis is in conflict with the thesis that thoughts must track the cognitive profile of our attitudes (‘Frege’s Constraint’). In chapter 3, I showed that this thesis is in conflict with a minimal version of semantic internalism and that even the most conservative way of trying to make these two theses compatible involves weakening the claim that thought is public in the sense previously defined. In chapter 4, I investigated criteria of successful communication and argued against one based on match of referential content plus absence of false beliefs. In its place, I suggested we go back to criteria based on match of modes of presentation (thoughts) or successful recognition of the speaker’s referential intentions. In chapter 5, I argued that thought’s publicity cannot be fully accommodated by extant relationist theories of thoughts and concepts. One way to frame the most general conclusion of this dissertation is that it is futile to try to individuate an intersubjective notion of thought which is transitive, or which is equally useful from an intrapersonal perspective. If we have any reason for carving up an intersubjective notion of thought – and not even this is clear, as far as this dissertation is concerned – then it will most likely be orthogonal to the usual subjective one.
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Cobetto, Jack Bernard. "Reference and belief : some problems and theories." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15278.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Jack Bernard Cobetto.
Ph.D.
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28

Walker, Eric Dane. "Transcendental Idealism, Transcendental Realism, and the Possibility of Objective Reference." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292008-185219/.

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The goal of my thesis is to understand why Kant thinks that transcendental idealism can secure empirical realism, the idea that there really exists an objective world that we can come to know through experience. I maintain that, according to Kant, the possibility of coming to know objective reality depends upon the possibility of referring to objects, which itself, Kant thinks, can be explained by transcendental idealism. The transcendental idealist worldview is supposed by Kant to explain the possibility of referring to objects because it recognizes that objects must conform to cognition and not the other way around. Therefore, I explore what Kant means by objects conforming to cognition. I start with the fact that Kant says that the conditions for the possibility of our experience of objects must be identical with the conditions for the possibility of those objects themselves. I then argue that this means that according to the transcendental idealist worldview, objective reality, if it is to be full-blooded objective reality, must be essentially able to show up for us in experience. In opposition to this worldview stands what Kant calls transcendental realism, the prevailing worldview that supposes that full-blooded objective reality simply cannot be essentially able to show up for us in experience. Kant says that the prevailing transcendental realist worldview, of which he claims all philosophies hitherto are variations, will never be able to explain the possibility of referring to objects, and that only his transcendental idealism can. Because Kant imputes so much importance to the opposition, I elaborate the distinction between transcendental idealism and transcendental realism, and clarify why only the latter can, as the former cannot, explain the possibility of referring to objects and thus the possibility of knowing an objective world, and thereby secure an empirical realism.
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Lowery, David K. "God as father, with special reference to Matthew's Gospel." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU003541.

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This is an inductive study of the ideas associated with God as father, particularly in the context of Matthew's gospel. The ideas associated with God as father in the Old Testament, early Judaism and rabbinic literature are linked to covenant relationships which affirm God's trustworthiness and faithfulness and require his people's obedience. Matthew's understanding of God as father shows kinship with these ideas. One group of texts refers to the character or nature of God as father. Matthew gives particular attention to the will of God and its fulfillment. In a second group of texts Matthew affirms God's care for the world in general and for disciples in particular and assures disciples that the events of their lives are under the Father's control. A third group of texts refers to the fact that the disciple's life from beginning to end is marked by God's grace and includes the certainty of reward for the righteous. This interplay of the Father's grace and the disciple's response of righteousness is given explicit form in a fourth group of texts which addresses particular expectations or stipulations. The citations in this last section are particular illustrations of Matthew's general tendency to intertwine references to God as father with practical concerns. His references to God as father thus form part of the wider ethical interests which characterize the First Gospel.
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Agha, S. J. "Some problems concerning reference, thought and modality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384009.

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Gjelsvik, Olav. "The token-token identity-theory and recent theories of reference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53146317-0be5-4ecb-bbb4-151588096f03.

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This thesis investigates a specific kind of criticism of the token-token identity-theory. This criticism is based on recent theories of reference. In the Introduction I argue that more than Davidson's three premisses is needed to establish that mental events are identical to physical events. One needs to invoke principles about what constitutes event-identity. In Part 1 I discuss event-identities. I lay down the constraints an adequate theory of event-identity must satisfy, and criticise the major theories in the literature. I suggest an alternative view, which I defend against some recent proposals. I end Part 1 by exploring a view which takes seriously the possibility of constitution-relations between events. In Parts 2 and 3 I discuss whether the identity-theory can be defended. Part 2 discusses sensations, and I concentrate on S. Kripke's arguments against the identity-view. I distinguish two versions of Kripke's argument, one epistemic, and one metaphysical. The epistemic version of the argument presupposes Kripke's views on content, but fails by its own standards. The metaphysical version is shown to be weak and implausible. Part 3 discusses cognitive events, and concentrates on de re beliefs. I produce an argument which apparently defeats the identity-view. I elaborate two main strategies in defence of the identity-theory. I argue that given a theory of de re beliefs or singular thoughts like G. Evans's, the theory of event-identities I have developed, and some plausible further premisses, the identity-theory seems to be defeated. A reasonable interpretation of this result is to view it as an argument for constitution-relations between mental and physical events. I return to the view I introduced in part 1, and conclude that the token-token identity-theory should probably be replaced by this constitution-view if theories of de re beliefs are accepted.
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Orde, S. M. "The direct theories of reference, thought and perception." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355025.

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Blair, Samuel Wesley. "The relationship between theology and physics with special reference to time." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241328.

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Kuukkanen, Jouni-Matti. "Meaning change in the context of Thomas S. Kuhn's philosophy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1259.

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Thomas S. Kuhn claimed that the meanings of scientific terms change in theory changes or in scientific revolutions. In philosophy, meaning change has been taken as the source of a group of problems, such as untranslatability, incommensurability, and referential variance. For this reason, the majority of analytic philosophers have sought to deny that there can be meaning change by focusing on developing a theory of reference that would guarantee referential stability. A number of philosophers have also claimed that Kuhn’s view can be explained by the fact that he accepted and further developed many central tenets of logical empiricism. I maintain that the genesis of Kuhn’s meaning theorising lies in his historical approach and that his view of meaning change is justified. Later in his career he attempted to advance a theory of meaning and can be said to have had limited success in it. What is more, recent cognitive science has unexpectedly managed to shed light on Kuhn’s insights on the organisation of information in the mind, concept learning, and concept definition. Furthermore, although Kuhn’s critique of Putnam’s causal theory of reference has often been dismissed as irrelevant, he has a serious point to address. Kuhn thought that the causal theory that works so well with proper names cannot work with scientific terms. He held that conceptual categories are formed by similarity and dissimilarity relations; therefore, several features and not only one single property are needed for determination of extension. In addition, the causal theory requires universal substances as points of reference of scientific terms. Kuhn was a conceptualist, who held that universals do not exist as mind-independent entities and that mind-dependent family resemblance concepts serve the role of universals. Further, at the beginning of his career, Kuhn was interested in the question of what concepts or ideas are and how they change in their historical context. Although he did not develop his theorising on this issue, I demonstrate that this is a genuine problem in the philosophy of history. Finally, Kuhn argued that scientists cannot have access to truth in history because we cannot transcend our historical niche, and as a consequence, the truth of a belief cannot be a reason for theory choice. Instead of truth, we can rely on justification. I also discuss Kuhn’s idea that problem-solving is the main aim of science and show that this view can be incorporated into coherentist epistemology.
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Cook, Benjamin. "Direct Reference and Empty Names." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/944.

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The purpose of my thesis is to explore and assess recent efforts by Direct Reference Theorists to explain the phenomenon of empty names. Direct Reference theory is, roughly, the theory that the meaning of a singular term (proper name, demonstrative, etc.) is simply its referent. Certain sentences, such as negative existentials ("Santa does not exist"), and sentences in contexts of fiction ("Holmes lived on Baker Street"), present the following challenge to DR Theory: Given that the semantic value of a name is simply its referent, how are we to explain the significance and truth-evaluability of such sentences? There have been various approaches DR Theorists have taken to address this problem, including the Pragmatic Strategy, Pretense Theory, Abstract Object Theory, and the Metalinguistic Strategy. All of these views are analyzed and assessed according to their various strengths and weaknesses. It is concluded that, overall, a Metalinguistic Strategy, supplemented by the notion of pretense, best deals with negative existentials and normal-subject predicate occurrences of empty names, Abstract Object Theory best deals with empty names in meta-fictional contexts, and Pretense Theory best deals with empty names in object-fictional contexts.
B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Philosophy
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36

Ito, Akio. "Matthew's understanding of the law with special reference to the fourth antithesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328945.

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Menzies, Robert Paul. "The development of early Christian pneumatology with special reference to Luke-Acts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU026811.

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The author seeks to demonstrate that Paul was the first Christian to attribute soteriological functions to the Spirit and that this original element of Paul's pneumatology did not influence wider (non-Pauline) sectors of the early church until after the writing of Lk-Acts. Three interrelated arguments are offered in support of his thesis. In Part One he argues that soterological functions were generally not attributed to the Spirit in intertestamental Judaism. The Spirit was regarded as the source of prophetic inspiration, a donum superadditum granted to various individuals so they might fulfil a divinely appointed task. The only significant exceptions to this perspective are found in later sapiential writings (1QH, Wisd). In Part Two he argues that Luke, influenced by the dominant Jewish perception, consistently portrays the gift of the Spirit as a prophetic endowment which enables its recipient to participate effectively in the mission of God. Although the pimitive church, following in Jesus' footsteps, broadened the functions traditionally ascribed to the Spirit in first-century Judaism and thus presented the Spirit as the source of miracle-working power (as well as prophetic inspiration), Luke resisted this innovation. For Luke the Spirit remained the source of special insight and inspired speech. The important corollary is that neither Luke nor the primitive church attribute soteriological significance to the pneumatic gift in a manner analogous to Paul. In Part Three he argues, on the basis of his analysis of relevant Pauline texts, that the early Christian traditions used by Paul do not attribute soteriological functions to the Spirit, and that sapiential traditions from the Hellenistic Jewish milieu which produced Wisd provided the conceptual framework for Paul's distinctive thought. Thus he maintains there were no Christian precursors to Paul at this point and that Paul's perspective represents an independent development.
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38

Palffy-Muhoray, Nicole Marie. "Hungarian Temporal and Aspectual Reference in the Absence of Dedicated Markers." Thesis, Yale University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160871.

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In recent years, work has emerged suggesting that a wide range of languages lack paradigms of overt, fully grammaticalized morphemes to express tense and aspect distinctions. This dissertation asks how a language without such dedicated morphology might express these meanings by exploring the following two strategies for expressing tense/aspect distinctions in Hungarian.

No systematic marking of grammatical/viewpoint aspect categories (e.g. Progressive, Imperfective) exists in Hungarian. These semantic distinctions are instead retrieved through the interaction of several factors, including facts about the discourse context, properties of the predicate, word order, and the presence/absence of verbal particles and temporal frame expressions. Éppen, which I argue is best analyzed as a discourse particle in the tradition of Beaver & Clark (2008), is used to specify aspectual distinctions in a variety of aspectually ambiguous contexts, and gives rise to a separate but related range of precisifying effects when it occurs with scalar expressions. I propose that éppen presupposes the existence of a unique strongest alternative to the current question, and asserts that the prejacent be construed as that alternative, thereby picking out the strongest reading from a set of possible alternatives. This analysis provides a first sketch of a heretofore undocumented strategy for expressing aspectual distinctions, and allows for a unified account of seemingly diverse distributions and interpretations.

The only overt, grammaticalized marker of tense in Hungarian is the Past morpheme (-t). Future reference is expressed either with the null/unmarked Non-past tense or with fog, which I argue is a modal verb. Analyses of English future-referring strategies (e.g. `will', `be going to', Present, Present Progressive) that are proposed to be cross-linguistic fall short for Hungarian, suggesting that there is greater diversity in how languages express future reference cross-linguistically than previously thought. I suggest that the facts can be explained based on interactions of context, properties of the predicate, and the semantics of the Non-past and fog. If fog has a metaphysical modal base, which forces fog's obligatorily future reference, we can account for a distribution in which fog is preferred for expressing future reference in some contexts and the Non-past is preferred in others by appealing to pragmatic blocking relationships and speaker preferences familiar from the domains of scalar implicatures and indirect speech acts. The Hungarian facts suggest that languages can succeed at expressing nuanced temporal information with relatively few dedicated markers. This analysis allows for these complex distributional differences between future-referring expressions to be accounted for with a fairly rudimentary semantics if properties of the context of utterance are sufficiently spelled out.

This project provides novel insights into the understudied topic of the semantics of tense and aspect in Hungarian, and contributes to the growing understanding of the range of strategies available to express tense and aspect cross-linguistically. I suggest that at least for Hungarian, the role of context is crucial for the specification of temporal and aspectual reference.

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Openshaw, Jeanne. "Bauls of West Bengal : with special reference to Raj Khyapa and his followers." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282521.

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40

Bokundoa, Andre bo-Likabe. "Hosea and Canaanite culture : an historical study with reference to contemporary African theology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242195.

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Sanchez, Daniel R. "An inter-disciplinary approach to theological contextualisation with special reference to Hispanic Americans." Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280563.

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Jussila, Paivi Hannele. "Peter Abelard on imagery theory and practice : with special reference to his hymns." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337959.

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Kui, Yimin. "The reference and content of proper names a social and pragmatic approach /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1114894361.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 234 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-234). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Laakso, Aarre. "The significance of spatial representation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935455.

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Klement, Kevin C. "Frege and the logic of sense and reference /." London : Routledge, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38871352m.

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Dahl, Jonathan H. "A theological analysis of Emmanuel Levinas, with reference to Kierkegaard." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p006-1560.

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Fodor, Jim. "#Reference' in Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutical theory and its implications for assessing theological truth claims." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385374.

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48

McHann, James Clark. "The three horizons : a study in biblical hermeneutics with special reference to Wolfhart Pannenberg." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130727.

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This thesis is concerned with the 'problem of hermeneutics', particularly as it applies to the interpretation of the Bible. A number of different approaches have been employed in order to try to bridge the distance between the past and the present. Hans-Georg Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, which describes understanding as a 'fusion of horizons', has been influential. However, Gadamer has been criticized by a number of thinkers, particularly Emilio Betti and E.D. Hirsch, for not giving an adequate account of how a measure of objectivity or validity is possible in interpretation. This thesis presents a description of interpretation which resolves some of the apparent conflicts between these schools by presenting them as accounts of two, complementary levels of one interpretative process, levels related in a type of hermeneutical circle relation. Nevertheless, Betti and Hirsch's concerns for objectivity and validity could still not be satisfied without grounding this hermeneutical circle relation in an adequate ontology. To do this, the thesis turns to the work of Wolfhart Pannenberg. This thesis argues that Pannenberg, while accepting much of Gadamer's hermeneutics, goes beyond Gadamer and provides many helpful insights critical both for general hermeneutics and for biblical interpretation. Pannenberg grounds Gadamer's fusion of the two horizons, the past and the present, in universal history, conceived as an eschatologically orientated ontology, rather than in an ontology of language. The thesis argues that this is the third horizon necessary for interpretation. Pannenberg asserts that characteristics of universal history are made known proleptically in Jesus Christ. Consequently, this thesis argues for the use of a Christological principle in biblical interpretation and illustrates the use of such a principle in Paul (e.g., in I Cor. 8-10).
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Humphris-Norman, D. O. "Joseph Raz on morals and law with special reference to a concept of punishment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242272.

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50

Parsons, Jennifer Anne. "Living with threads : modern Jewish attempts at theodicy with particular reference to the Holocaust." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292176.

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