Relevant bibliographies by topics / References point

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'References point'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "References point"

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Kasoff, Janet. "Nursing References at the Point of Care." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 33, no. 1 (January 2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200301000-00002.

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Liu, Jian Ye, Xiao Gu, and Yun Shan Li. "The Research of Instruments for Allocating Cable Fault Based on the Priciple of Sound and Magnetic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.379.

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The article aimed to research the accurate positioning when high resistance fault happened in cable fault. On the bases of Acoustic magnetic synchronous principle, the research benchmarked three orientation points as references and uses the differences between acoustic wave and magnetic wave to measure the distance between detection point and fault point. At last, used triangulation method to calculate the distance to the fault point based on the differences between acoustic signal and magnetic signal in order to locate the fault point.
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Metatla, Oussama, Nick Bryan-Kinns, Tony Stockman, and Fiore Martin. "Sonification of reference markers for auditory graphs: effects on non-visual point estimation tasks." PeerJ Computer Science 2 (April 6, 2016): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.51.

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Research has suggested that adding contextual information such as reference markers to data sonification can improve interaction with auditory graphs. This paper presents results of an experiment that contributes to quantifying and analysing the extent of such benefits for an integral part of interacting with graphed data: point estimation tasks. We examine three pitch-based sonification mappings; pitch-only, one-reference, and multiple-references that we designed to provide information about distance from an origin. We assess the effects of these sonifications on users’ performances when completing point estimation tasks in a between-subject experimental design against visual and speech control conditions. Results showed that the addition of reference tones increases users accuracy with a trade-off for task completion times, and that the multiple-references mapping is particularly effective when dealing with points that are positioned at the midrange of a given axis.
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Du, Wei-Shih, and Shao-Xuan Zheng. "New Nonlinear Conditions and Inequalities for the Existence of Coincidence Points and Fixed Points." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/196759.

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Some new fixed point theorems for nonlinear maps are established. By using these results, we can obtain some new coincidence point theorems. Our results are quite different in the literature and references therein.
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Pahlavani, P., A. Gholami, and S. Azimi. "AN INDOOR POSITIONING TECHNIQUE BASED ON A FEED-FORWARD ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK USING LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT LEARNING METHOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W4 (September 27, 2017): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w4-435-2017.

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This paper presents an indoor positioning technique based on a multi-layer feed-forward (MLFF) artificial neural networks (ANN). Most of the indoor received signal strength (RSS)-based WLAN positioning systems use the fingerprinting technique that can be divided into two phases: the offline (calibration) phase and the online (estimation) phase. In this paper, RSSs were collected for all references points in four directions and two periods of time (Morning and Evening). Hence, RSS readings were sampled at a regular time interval and specific orientation at each reference point. The proposed ANN based model used Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for learning and fitting the network to the training data. This RSS readings in all references points and the known position of these references points was prepared for training phase of the proposed MLFF neural network. Eventually, the average positioning error for this network using 30% check and validation data was computed approximately 2.20 meter.
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Oldani, Richard. "Quantum References: The Determination of a Zero Point in Quantum Systems." Physics Essays 16, no. 2 (June 2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3025571.

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Manuho, Priskila, Zevania Makalare, Trixie Mamangkey, and Novi Swandari Budiarso. "ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT (BEP)." Jurnal Ipteks Akuntansi Bagi Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/jiam.5.1.2021.34692.

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This paper aims to provide information to the public regarding the meaning, use, purpose, limitations, and methods of calculating Break Even Point Analysis (BEP). Management needs information that can be used as a basis for planning company profits. By knowing the break-even point, management can determine the amount of production or sales that must be made, according to the profit target to be achieved). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the data collection technique used is an online study, namely by taking references from the Internet. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of books related to the discussion, of course, books/materials on the internet. Data analysis used descriptive method, which was to describe the research results and then draw conclusions. Break Even Point (BEP) calculation can be done by equation method, contribution margin method, and graphical method. The three methods when used produce the same number. Break Even Point (BEP) analysis, in practice, besides containing benefits but also contains weaknesses.
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Czarniawska, Barbara, and Guje Sevón. "Gendered references in organization studies." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 13, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-11-2017-1584.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to point out a worrisome phenomenon and suggest some ways of dealing with it. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a historical analysis of references in organization studies. Findings The finding of this paper concludes that the proportion of women authors is low and is increasing very slowly. Research limitations/implications Some simple solutions may be applied, even if they alone will not solve the problem. Practical implications An appeal to use first name on reference lists and in texts (when appropriate). Social implications Better recognition of women’s contribution to knowledge. Originality/value Not for the authors to judge.
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Lim, Sabina. "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 2 (2010): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep006.

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‘WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region(WHO Standard) was released in 2008. Initially, there were 92/361 controversial acupuncture points (acupoints). Through seven informal consultations and four task force team meetings, 86 points were agreed upon among the 92 controversial acupoints, leaving 6 remaining controversial acupoints, demanding active research in the future. This will enhance the reproducibility and validity of acupuncture studies. It will also lead to a better understanding of acupuncture mechanisms in order to optimize its clinical efficacy for a range of diseases and syndromes. This book has two parts: General Guidelines for Acupuncture Point Locations and WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations. First of all, familiarity with the General Guidelines for Acupuncture Point Locations in this book can help the reader to understand and use the contents of this book in depth. I would like to thank all of the participating experts and scholars for this great work, who have overcome the limits of previous acupuncture references. I also appreciate the dedicated effort and harmonious leadership of Dr Choi Seung-hoon, former Regional Adviser in Traditional Medicine of Western Pacific Office, WHO.
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Frąś, Jacek. "Afterlives of Photographs: The Artist’s Point of View." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.10.

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As a comic book artist who combines surrealistic and realistic imagery, I am often forced to use different types of photographs. Some of them are just typical references for artists—anatomy, poses, gesture, facial expressions. I prefer, however, to use old photographs from family archives, documentary books, and vintage postcards, in addition to numerous photographs found on the web. I enjoy putting together and mixing various kinds of visuals because every element has its own ghost from the past and the sum of these ghosts, including some added from my imagination, gives me a sense of fullness in my graphic stories.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "References point"

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Relovský, Josef. "Zjištění fyzické pozice počítače v Internetu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217301.

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This master‘s thesis is formed as a part of the research project for whose analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. The whole dilemma is engaged by IPTV technology. IPTV is a protocol that makes possible transfer data of a television content over the Internet to the end user. In the IPTV technology the server is a source. These data are presented as a video and audio signal (streem) which are required to deliver to the end users. Some structure, which presents alternate these computers´connection, has been established, because the technology making use of the big pretention is used. The most patent way between the source and the destination is found. My objective is design this structure in the pursuit. The principle of the signal ramification from one node to several nodes (in group) is called multicast. Rather said from one node to the set of nodes. In the IPTV is presented each one single program for one multicast group. The concrete end users (recipients) are members of one or several obtainable multicast groups. The switch between programs demands a change from one multicast group to other group. For an analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. This network was created after the floatation of three American´s universities in 2002. Nowadays it takes in more than 800 nodes which are distributed over the world. The PlanetLab is used by multinational company such as the Intel or the Hewlett-Packard. It is created for the testing and the scientific scope. I make the scripts in the Linux for the formation of the interconnecting structure. The main item by the course of the unreeling is response time. I investigate it with a command called “ping”. Everything is created in the Linux because all nodes use the operation system Linux in PlanetLab. By the help of the command “ping” I take the active nodes and response times. According to the response time I make a distance vectors which are used for the finding a location in the face of the references points which were determined before. According to the similarity of these vectors is designated to what end point is put to the point.
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Terzi, Ayse, Kees Koedijk, Charles N. Noussair, and Rachel Pownall. "Reference Point Heterogeneity." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621274.

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It is well-established that, when confronted with a decision to be taken under risk, individuals use reference payoff levels as important inputs. The purpose of this paper is to study which reference points characterize decisions in a setting in which there are several plausible reference levels of payoff. We report an experiment, in which we investigate which of four potential reference points: (1) a population average payoff level, (2) the announced expected payoff of peers in a similar decision situation, (3) a historical average level of earnings that others have received in the same task, and (4) an announced anticipated individual payoff level, best describes decisions in a decontextualized risky decision making task. We find heterogeneity among individuals in the reference points they employ. The population average payoff level is the modal reference point, followed by experimenter's stated expectation of a participant's individual earnings, followed in turn by the average earnings of other participants in previous sessions of the same experiment. A sizeable share of individuals show multiple reference points simultaneously. The reference point that best fits the choices of the individual is not affected by a shock to her income.
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Skoog, Johanna, and Thomas Nagy. "Moduluppbyggnad av ramstyrda dumprar ur ett produktionsperspektiv – Volvo CE AB i Braås." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-965.

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Denna rapport i form av examensarbete för utbildningsprogrammet Managing Technology and Business Projects, är en del i Volvos framtida produktions-/ produktstrategier.

Uppsatsens syfte är att ur ett produktionsperspektiv understödja Volvo Construction Equipment i Braås i strävan mot en ökad modulindelning av ramstyrda dumprar, som en del i utvecklingsarbetet för en effektivare produktion. Resultat har uppnåtts genom analys av intern och extern benchmarking jämfört med den teori som finns inom ämnesområdet modulindelning. Huvudresultatet visar att teorin och verkligheten skiljer sig genom att modulindelning ska anpassas individuellt utifrån varje företag och inte fungerar som en generellt applicerbar process. Slutsatsen visar att Volvo CE i Braås måste utveckla en egen handlingsplan och kravspecifikation utifrån egna definitioner som är skräddarsydda specifikt för företaget.

I rapporten presenteras förslag till ovanstående handlingsplan för modulindelning på Volvo CE i Braås.


This diplomawork is the ending part of the education program Managing technology and Business Projects at Växjö University and was given as an assignment from Volvo Construction Equipment in Braås.

The work is a part of Volvos future production- and product strategies and aims to support Volvo in their work towards a module classification of the articulated hauler line built in Braås.

The result has been reached trough analysis of internal and external benchmarking compared to the theory regarding the subject. The main result shows that theory diverges from reality in the way that modularization must be adjusted individually for each company and that it doesn’t work as a general applicable process. The conclusion shows that Volvo CE in Braås must develop a unique plan of action from the in-house definitions that is tailored specifically for the company.

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Kaur, Ramneet Namuduri Kameswara. "Connection probability in reference point group mobility model." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2006. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/661.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
"December 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov.3, 2007). Thesis adviser: Kameswara Namuduri. Includes bibliographic references (leaves [31-33]).
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Koop, Gregory J. "The Simultaneous Use of Multiple Reference Points in Risky Decision Making." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1256927382.

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Klein, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Shape Matching With Reference Points / Oliver Klein." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023050862/34.

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Lizarme, Quispe Silvia, and Valer Isaac Huamán. "Question Point: Servicio de referencia virtual en los Centros de Información de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/320271.

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Presentación realizada en el marco de las VI Jornadas Nacionales de Bibliotecas Universitarias:"REDESCUBRIENDO LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN LA ERA DEL CONOCIMIENTO", realizado 28-30 de Mayo del 2014, Lima. Perú.
Los Centros de Información de la Universidad de Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) implementan el Servicio de referencia virtual, a través de la plataforma Question Point, en el año 2009, con el soporte tecnológico de OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) y ante la necesidad de los usuarios que demandaban un canal de comunicación online, que les permita realizar sus consultas académicas, referentes a los servicios que ofrecen los Centros de información. La implementación de este servicio ha permitido atender hasta la fecha 6534 consultas vía email (formulario web) y chat, lo que no solo ha servido para satisfacer las consultas de los usuarios sino también para formarlos en estrategias de búsquedas y en el uso correcto de los servicios físicos y digitales que ofrecemos a la comunidad universitaria. A partir del año 2011, se integra un Qwidget de chat del Question Point en el Aula Virtual de los alumnos, debido a que se identifica a esta última, como el ambiente virtual más utilizado por los alumnos, al consultar los materiales de enseñanza de sus cursos. Esta estrategia tiene como finalidad que los alumnos puedan encontrar en su principal medio de interacción virtual, una nueva alternativa de comunicación con los Centros de Información, para la resolución de sus consultas referentes a la búsqueda de fuentes de información bibliográfica así como también para solicitar orientación en el uso de los distintos servicios que se ofrecen. Esta estrategia ha dado como resultado que en el año 2013 el número de consultas vía chat se incremente en un 73% respecto al año 2011. Asimismo, cabe resaltar que en promedio el 59% de las consultas vía chat son realizadas desde el Qwidget insertado en el Aula Virtual. Finalmente, un dato resaltante es que el 74% de las consultas recibidas son a través del canal del chat, lo cual indica que existe una marcada tendencia de los usuarios al uso de estos servicios, por lo que se recomienda a otras áreas de la universidad, tomar esta experiencia como modelo para la atención de las consultas que reciben de sus usuarios.
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Stella, Federico. "Learning a Local Reference Frame for Point Clouds using Spherical CNNs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20197/.

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Uno dei problemi più importanti della 3D Computer Vision è il cosiddetto surface matching, che consiste nel trovare corrispondenze tra oggetti tridimensionali. Attualmente il problema viene affrontato calcolando delle feature locali e compatte, chiamate descrittori, che devono essere riconosciute e messe in corrispondenza al mutare della posa dell'oggetto nello spazio, e devono quindi essere invarianti rispetto all'orientazione. Il metodo più usato per ottenere questa proprietà consiste nell'utilizzare dei Local Reference Frame (LRF): sistemi di coordinate locali che forniscono un'orientazione canonica alle porzioni di oggetti 3D che vengono usate per calcolare i descrittori. In letteratura esistono diversi modi per calcolare gli LRF, ma fanno tutti uso di algoritmi progettati manualmente. Vi è anche una recente proposta che utilizza reti neurali, tuttavia queste vengono addestrate mediante feature specificamente progettate per lo scopo, il che non permette di sfruttare pienamente i benefici delle moderne strategie di end-to-end learning. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è utilizzare un approccio data-driven per far imparare a una rete neurale il calcolo di un Local Reference Frame a partire da point cloud grezze, producendo quindi il primo esempio di end-to-end learning applicato alla stima di LRF. Per farlo, sfruttiamo una recente innovazione chiamata Spherical Convolutional Neural Networks, le quali generano e processano segnali nello spazio SO(3) e sono quindi naturalmente adatte a rappresentare e stimare orientazioni e LRF. Confrontiamo le prestazioni ottenute con quelle di metodi esistenti su benchmark standard, ottenendo risultati promettenti.
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Li, Zhenlong. "The reference point effect, M&A misvaluations and merger decisions." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12225/.

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This thesis investigates the reference point effect on M&As. Prospect theory proposes that the reference dependence bias is firmly rooted in people’s minds, affirming that people rely heavily on a piece of relevant information while making decisions. This thesis applies this reference point to M&As, showing that M&A participants are subject to reference-dependence bias. The reference point theory explains the M&A motives in a new way. The results of this thesis offer important implications to M&A practitioners. Baker et al. (2012) suggest that the target’s reference price enhances the target’s bargaining power in the U.S. market, inspiring the author’s thinking that the reference point effect is likely to be reinforced in a competitive market and in the scenario where the bidder is in the face of considerable information barriers. In this pursuit, Chapter 3 studies the reference point effect on a sample of public acquisitions involving a U.K. target. Using the target 52-week high as the reference price, a positive relationship emerges between the reference price and the offer premium. Further, there is evidence of overpayment among domestic bidders whereas little evidence among cross-border bidders, indicating that the market acquiesces the payment according to the target reference point among cross-border bidders. Evidence that reference- dependence bias serves as the bargaining power is confirmed outside the United States. However, the real M&A motive of the bidder is unlikely to be revealed solely depending on the target reference point. Therefore, Chapter 4 extends Baker et al.’s paper (2012) by adding both the target and the bidder reference points. A Relative Reference Point (RRP) is proposed for M&A misvaluations as per Shleifer and Vishny (2003), indicating the extent to which the bidder is more overvalued relatively to the target. The joint reference point effects can explain the motivation of why bidders paying high offer premiums. The results obtained in this chapter show that bidders are likely to pay with stocks when RRP increases, suggesting that bidders accelerating the process of overvaluation dilution is a sign of bidder overvaluation. In addition, the offer premium increases with the RRP, indicating the motive of diluting overvaluation is to be seen by the target, leading targets to bargain over high offer premiums. When assessing the long-term performance of stock bidders, it became evident that bidders time the market by paying stocks according to the RRP. A direct implication of prospect theory is that people seek risk in the face of loss gauged by a reference point. Chapter 5 proposes the bidder reference point to assess the market anticipation effect. Investors suffer mental loss when their firm’s current performance is significantly below its best recently achieved performance. They anticipate that the firm will take risks to turn the table round. It was evident that the firm is rewarded with positive market reactions when it takes risks according to the market’s anticipation. In a further analysis, it also emerged that managers taking the market-anticipated risks exhibit greater efforts in the processes of M&A negotiation and post-merger integration, reflected in the low offer premiums paid to the target shareholders and positive long-term abnormal returns earned. This thesis has empirically investigated many implications of the reference point effect in the M&A context. The main aim of this thesis is to simplify M&A decisions for managers in order to structure M&A effectively.
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Solà, Belda Carles. "Economic action and reference points: an experimental analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4019.

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Aquesta tesi analitza diversos aspectes de les motivacions individuals i de les seves implicacions en processos econòmics. Específicament, analitzo en detall criteris normatius que poden aplicar els individus com són els de justícia i reciprocitat. En la Introducció defineixo l'ús que en faig de conceptes com la reciprocitat, la justícia, la "dependència del menú" i els "punts de referència" donat que s'empren en el desenvolupament dels diferents capítols. També es descriu la metodologia emprada, que consisteix en alguns models teòrics sobre el comportament dels individus en situacions estratègiques, incorporant elements de la Teoria dels Jocs i l'ús de la metodologia experimental. En el segon capítol, " El concepte de justícia de Rabin i la provisió privada de béns públics", analitzo en detall les implicacions de la teoria de Rabin (1993) sobre el comportament estratègic d'individus. Aquest model introdueix en la funció d'utilitat , a més dels pagaments econòmics que un individu obté, aspectes psicològics com el sentit de justícia en les relacions econòmiques amb altres individus. En aquest capítol examino les implicacions d'una extensió de la teoria a un camp a on existeix una acumulació de resultats experimentals en contradicció amb el comportament predit pels models estàndard de la teoria dels jocs. Mostro que la teoria d'en Rabin és consistent amb el que s'anomena "splitting" però inconsistent amb el que es coneix com a "efecte MPCR". El tercer capítol, "Punts de referència i reciprocitat negativa en jocs seqüencials simples", analitza la influència que poden tenir certs vectors de pagaments no disponibles en un moment de decisió, anomenats "punts de referència", sobre la preferència per un altre conjunt de vectors de pagaments. Això es connecta amb l'atribució de certes intencions a altres subjectes quan trien determinats cursos d'acció en el joc. Mitjançant la utilització d'experiments s'obtenen resultats que confirmen la importància dels punts de referència en les consideracions de reciprocitat que empren els individus. El quart capítol, " Aspectes distribucionals i els punts de referència", analitza alguns aspectes que poden combinar-se amb els punts de referència en la atribució d'intencions. Aquests aspectes són: el pagament que podia rebre un agent en el punt de referència, el seu pagament relatiu a l'altre agent i, finalment, el pagament conjunt que podien obtenir els dos agents en el punt de referència. Els resultats experimentals obtinguts mostren que cap d'aquests efectes pot explicar per ell mateix els resultats. Finalment, el cinquè capítol, " Els joc del dilema dels presoners en forma seqüencial: Reciprocitat i efectes de dimensió del grup" estudia les reaccions dels individus a certes decisions d'altres individus del procés i els canvis d'aquestes reaccions amb la dimensió del grup. Els resultats experimentals obtinguts , mostren que el comportament observat és consistent amb consideracions de reciprocitat i d'aversió a la desigualtat.
This thesis analyzes several aspects of the motivations that drive individuals and their implications in economic processes. In particular, I analyze in detail normative criteria that individuals apply such as those of fairness and reciprocity. In the Introduction I define the use I make of the concepts of reciprocity, fairness, menu dependence and reference points that will be used in the course of the different chapters. The methodology developed in this thesis employs some theoretical models on the behavior of individuals in strategic interactions, using elements of Game Theory and Experimental Economics. In the second chapter, "On Rabin's Concept of Fairness and the Private Provision of Public Goods", I analyze in detail the implications of Rabin's (1993) theory of individual behavior and its implications. This model introduces, apart from the economic payoffs that the individual obtains in a strategic interaction, psychological phenomena, mainly a sense of fairness in the relation with other agents. In this chapter I analyze the implications of an extended version of this theory to a field where there exists a vast amount of experimental evidences contradicting the behavior predicted by standard game theoretical models. I show that Rabin's theory is consistent with one piece of evidence repeatedly found in experiments, the so call "splitting". I also show that the model is inconsistent with another piece of evidence in the field, the "MPCR effect". The third chapter, "Reference Points and Negative Reciprocity in Simple Sequential Games", analyzes the influence that certain payoff vectors, the "reference points", not attainable at that time, may have on the preference by other payoff vectors. This is connected with the attribution of certain intentions to the other players when selecting some courses of action. By using experiments I obtain results that confirm the importance of these reference points in the reciprocity considerations that individuals apply. Chapter four , "Distributional Concerns and Reference Points", analyzes some aspects that may interact with the reference points in the attributions of intentions. These aspects are the payoff to the agent from a given course of action, his/her relative payoff and the joint payoff. The experimental results show that none of these elements is able to explain by itself the results. Finally, the fifth chapter, "The Sequential Prisoner's Dilemma Game: Reciprocity and Group Size Effects" analyzes how aspects of the individual motivations interact with social aspects. In particular it studies how the reactions of individuals change with the dimension of the group in certain processes. The experimental results obtained show that in the prisoner's dilemma game (two-person and three-person games) the behavior of subjects may be consistent with reciprocity considerations and with inequality aversion considerations.
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Books on the topic "References point"

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Puntos de referencia: Reference points : 19.39°-99.28°. México: Miriam Libhaber, 2012.

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Caddy, J. F. Reference point for fisheries management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995.

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Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography., ed. Suzy Lake: Point of reference. [Ottawa]: Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, 1993.

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Desai, Arati. Points of reference. Mumbai: Gallery Art & Soul, 2007.

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Smullyan, Raymond M. Diagonalization and self-reference. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

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Ellery, Jonathan. 136 points of reference. London: Ellery/Browns, 2005.

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Hart, Oliver D. Contracts as reference points. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Hart, Oliver. Contracts as reference points. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School, 2006.

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Hart, Oliver. Contracts as reference points. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Group, Delphi. Knowledge management: Knowledge management market reference point. Boston, MA (100 City Hall Plaza, Boston 02108-2106): Delphi Group, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "References point"

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Górniewicz, Lech. "References." In Topological Fixed Point Theory of Multivalued Mappings, 381–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9195-9_7.

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Schechter, Martin. "Notes, Remarks and References." In Linking Methods in Critical Point Theory, 255–68. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1596-7_13.

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Hurt, Norman E. "References." In Many Rational Points, 317–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0251-5_8.

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Weik, Martin H. "reference point." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1443. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_15810.

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Gensini, Niccolò. "«A’ quai Lucan seguitava». Su Boccaccio lettore della Pharsalia." In Intorno a Boccaccio / Boccaccio e dintorni 2019, 93–114. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-236-2.06.

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Lucan was one of the most widely read and studied classical authors during the Middle Ages, a reference point for teaching, historiography and literature. The essay attempts to outline Giovanni Boccaccio’s profile as a reader of Pharsalia in the different ages of his literary production and in his critical judgment, placing him in the context of fourteenth-century reception. The different ways of reading Lucan’s masterpiece, from the almost literal imitation of some scenes in the Filocolo, to the punctual references to situations, images and characters in the works of maturity, testifies the inexhaustible attention of Boccaccio towards the poet of «plus quam civilia bella».
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Weik, Martin H. "T-reference point." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1837. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20123.

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Wierzbicki, Andrzej P. "Reference Point Approaches." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 237–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5025-9_9.

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Weik, Martin H. "V-reference point." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1906. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20966.

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Baranyiné Kóczy, Judit. "Reference Point Constructions." In Cultural Linguistics, 189–202. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5753-3_10.

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Wierzbicki, Andrzej P. "Reference Point Methodology." In Model-Based Decision Support Methodology with Environmental Applications, 71–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9552-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "References point"

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Mordinyi, Richard, Christoph Prybila, Dietmar Winkler, and Stefan Biffl. "Communication in multi-discipline engineering projects using local data point references." In IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700267.

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Steurer, Anika, Rico Poser, Jens von Wolfersdorf, and Stefan Retzko. "Application of the Transient Heat Transfer Measurement Technique Using TLC in a Network Configuration With Intersecting Circular Passages." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76551.

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The present study deals with the application of the transient thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique in a flow network of intersecting circular passages as a potential internal turbine component cooling geometry. The investigated network consists of six circular passages with a diameter d = 20mm that intersect coplanar at an angle θ = 40°, the innermost in three, the outermost in one intersection level. Two additional non-intersecting passages serve as references. Such a flow network entails specific characteristics associated with the transient TLC method that have to be accounted for in the evaluation process: the strongly curved surfaces, the mixing and mass flow redistribution at each intersection point, and the resulting gradients between the wall and passage centerline temperatures. All this impedes the choice of a representative fluid reference temperature, which results in deviations using established evaluation methods. An alternative evaluation approach is introduced, which is supported by computational results obtained from steady-state three-dimensional RANS simulations using the SST turbulence model. The presented analysis uncouples local heat transfer coefficients from actually measured local temperatures but uses the time information of the thermocouples instead that represents the fluid temperature step change and evolution along the passages. This experimental time information is transferred to the steady-state numerical bulk temperatures, which are finally used as local references to evaluate the transient TLC experiments. As effective local mass flow rates in the passage sections are considered, the approach eventually allows for a conclusion whether heat transfer is locally enhanced due to higher mass flow rates or the intersection effects.
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Kivelä, Tuomo, Jouni Mattila, Jussi Puura, and Sirpa Launis. "On-Line Path Planning With Collision Avoidance for Coordinate-Controlled Robotic Manipulators." In ASME/BATH 2017 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2017-4297.

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This paper presents a generic method for generating joint trajectories for robotic manipulators with collision avoidance capability. The coordinate motion control system of the heavy-duty hydraulic manipulator resolves joint references so that a goal pose can be reached in real-time without any collisions. The control system checks whether any part of the manipulator is at risk of colliding with itself, with other manipulators, or with environmental obstacles. If there is a risk of collision, then the collision server searches the points where the collision is about to occur and calculates the shortest distance between the colliding objects. The collision server retains static and dynamic point clouds, and it uses point cloud data to calculate the shortest distance between the colliding objects. The point clouds on the server are kept up to date with the manipulators’ joint sensors and an external surveillance system. During coordinated motion control, the joint trajectories of the hydraulic manipulator are modified so that collisions can be avoided, while at the same time, the trajectory of the end-effector maintains its initial trajectory if possible. Results are given for a seven degrees of freedom redundant hydraulic manipulator to demonstrate the capability of this collision avoidance control system.
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Xu, Bin, Min Peng, Qing F. Zhou, and Xusheng Cheng. "Fake Access Point Localization Based on Optimal Reference Points." In 2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compcomm.2018.8780768.

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Wang, Peng, Zhengke Qin, and Wei Zou. "Planetary landing point tracking based on multiple reference points." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2017.8015958.

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Arthur, J. Howard, Charles D. Morgan, Cory D. Engelhard, and Berton Austin. "Investigation of a Two-Phase Siphon: Pressure Drop Characteristics, Flow Prediction, and Flow Regime Change Prediction." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56186.

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In some nuclear power plants, a passive siphon breaking system is used to prevent the spent fuel tank from draining in the event of a break in the vertical leg of the heat exchanger piping. A hole is drilled in the horizontal leg of the piping. When the water level in the tank drops below the pipe level air is sucked into the system. When sufficient air is entrained in the pipe the siphon will break. A model to predict the flow rate in a vertical siphon was developed in reference 1 using the homogeneous flow model. The predicted flow rates were greater than measured flow rates. In order to improve the predictive capability, pressure drop measurements were obtained from ten foot vertical test sections with nominal diameters of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0 inches. Values of the distribution parameter, Co, for the drift flux model were determined from the pressure drop data. When the model of reference 1 is changed from homogeneous flow to drift flux model with the distribution parameter determined from the pressure drop data, good agreement with measured liquid flow rates is obtained. The improved model, along with the correlation for the siphon break condition obtained provides a good method for determining the hole size required to break the siphon. There is a paucity of data for two-phase flow regime transition where the flow is in the downward direction that is typical in a siphon. Flow regime transition data were obtained using the test sections listed above. The flow map of Oshinowo2 et al. gave a reasonable prediction of the transition from bubbly to slug flow. None of the references investigated gave an adequate prediction of the point where the siphon would break. A correlation for the siphon break point was developed.
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Bechikh, Slim, Lamjed Ben Said, and Khaled Ghedira. "Estimating nadir point in multi-objective optimization using mobile reference points." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586203.

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Gu, Lang, Chao Wang, and Jian Hu. "Application Study of Cartesian Grid in Numerical Prediction of a Marine Propeller." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54522.

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Cartesian grid was used in open water performance prediction, cavitation performance prediction and flow field characteristics of a propeller to research the applicability of the Cartesian grid in the numerical simulations of marine propellers. The comparisons of calculated results with the previous research and experimental results verify the accuracy of calculations with the grid on the prediction of thrust and torque coefficient and the simulation of cavitation distribution, wake velocity distribution and the vortex structure trajectory. Meanwhile the propulsive performances of Cartesian grid are better than other types of grid with the similar number of nodes. And the turning point of crash performance under cavitation condition and the phenomenon of vortex merging with neighboring vortex structure are excellent agreement with experiments and references.
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Rice, Jeremy, and Amir Faghri. "Analysis of Porous Wick Heat Pipes, Including Capillary Dry-Out Limitations." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81456.

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A complete numerical analysis of heat pipes is performed with no empirical correlations while including the flow in a wick. The numerical model is validated from experimental and numerical work. Single and multiple heat sources were used as well as constant, convective and radiative heat sinks. The numerical model does not fix the internal pressure references by a point, but allows is to rise and fall based on the physics of the problem. Also, the capillary pressure needed in the wick to drive the flow is obtained for various heating configurations and powers. These capillary pressures, in conjunction with an analysis that predicts the maximum capillary pressure for a given heating load is used to determine the dry-out limitations of a heat pipe.
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Baye-Wallace, Lily, and Grant O. Musgrove. "Preliminary Design Tool for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58962.

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Abstract Commonly, compressor designs rely on previous machines that can be slightly modified to achieve new operating requirements. In some cases, however, a completely new design is needed because no previous designs are available for the specific operating range of interest. Without a previous design, it is difficult to make initial trade studies of an appropriate impeller diameter, speed, and number of compression stages. While new compressor designs are a common occurrence in applied research applications, conceptual design typically require a point-by-point process to balance the requirements with acceptable design parameters. This can be done manually or through automation to optimize for a specific operating parameter, such as efficiency. The authors are unaware of any tool available that bounds the range of design parameters for a centrifugal compressor stage without applying a point-by-point method. In this work, two common references for conceptual compressor design were cross-checked to develop an Excel-based tool to quickly determine the design space for a given set of compressor requirements. The tool relies on design experience presented by Aungier and Baljé as well as other experience drawn from available literature [1],[2]. The sheet functions from a series of assumptions based within the design experience and requires inputs regarding the desired power, fluid flow rate, and total-to-total pressure ratio, as well as inlet conditions. While the tool currently assumes an ideal gas, future revisions can include calls to REFPROP for a real gas.
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Reports on the topic "References point"

1

Hart, Oliver, and John Moore. Contracts as Reference Points. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12706.

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Hart, Oliver. Noncontractible Investments and Reference Points. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16929.

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Baker, Malcolm, Xin Pan, and Jeffrey Wurgler. A Reference Point Theory of Mergers and Acquisitions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15551.

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Mas, Alexandre. Pay, Reference Points, and Police Performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12202.

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Fehr, Ernst, Oliver Hart, and Christian Zehnder. Contracts as Reference Points - Experimental Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14501.

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Hutton, Eric, and John Whalley. Reference Point Dependence for Specification Bias from Quality Upgrading. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4816.

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Charité, Jimmy, Raymond Fisman, and Ilyana Kuziemko. Reference Points and Redistributive Preferences: Experimental Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21009.

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Hart, Oliver. Hold-up, Asset Ownership, and Reference Points. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13540.

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Backus, Matthew, Thomas Blake, Dimitriy Masterov, and Steven Tadelis. Expectation, Disappointment, and Exit: Reference Point Formation in a Marketplace. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23022.

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Hart, Oliver. Reference Points and the Theory of the Firm. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13481.

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