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Relovský, Josef. "Zjištění fyzické pozice počítače v Internetu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217301.
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This master‘s thesis is formed as a part of the research project for whose analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. The whole dilemma is engaged by IPTV technology. IPTV is a protocol that makes possible transfer data of a television content over the Internet to the end user. In the IPTV technology the server is a source. These data are presented as a video and audio signal (streem) which are required to deliver to the end users. Some structure, which presents alternate these computers´connection, has been established, because the technology making use of the big pretention is used. The most patent way between the source and the destination is found. My objective is design this structure in the pursuit. The principle of the signal ramification from one node to several nodes (in group) is called multicast. Rather said from one node to the set of nodes. In the IPTV is presented each one single program for one multicast group. The concrete end users (recipients) are members of one or several obtainable multicast groups. The switch between programs demands a change from one multicast group to other group. For an analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. This network was created after the floatation of three American´s universities in 2002. Nowadays it takes in more than 800 nodes which are distributed over the world. The PlanetLab is used by multinational company such as the Intel or the Hewlett-Packard. It is created for the testing and the scientific scope. I make the scripts in the Linux for the formation of the interconnecting structure. The main item by the course of the unreeling is response time. I investigate it with a command called “ping”. Everything is created in the Linux because all nodes use the operation system Linux in PlanetLab. By the help of the command “ping” I take the active nodes and response times. According to the response time I make a distance vectors which are used for the finding a location in the face of the references points which were determined before. According to the similarity of these vectors is designated to what end point is put to the point.
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Terzi, Ayse, Kees Koedijk, Charles N. Noussair, and Rachel Pownall. "Reference Point Heterogeneity." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621274.
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It is well-established that, when confronted with a decision to be taken under risk, individuals use reference payoff levels as important inputs. The purpose of this paper is to study which reference points characterize decisions in a setting in which there are several plausible reference levels of payoff. We report an experiment, in which we investigate which of four potential reference points: (1) a population average payoff level, (2) the announced expected payoff of peers in a similar decision situation, (3) a historical average level of earnings that others have received in the same task, and (4) an announced anticipated individual payoff level, best describes decisions in a decontextualized risky decision making task. We find heterogeneity among individuals in the reference points they employ. The population average payoff level is the modal reference point, followed by experimenter's stated expectation of a participant's individual earnings, followed in turn by the average earnings of other participants in previous sessions of the same experiment. A sizeable share of individuals show multiple reference points simultaneously. The reference point that best fits the choices of the individual is not affected by a shock to her income.
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Skoog, Johanna, and Thomas Nagy. "Moduluppbyggnad av ramstyrda dumprar ur ett produktionsperspektiv – Volvo CE AB i Braås." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-965.
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<p>Denna rapport i form av examensarbete för utbildningsprogrammet Managing Technology and Business Projects, är en del i Volvos framtida produktions-/ produktstrategier.</p><p>Uppsatsens syfte är att ur ett produktionsperspektiv understödja Volvo Construction Equipment i Braås i strävan mot en ökad modulindelning av ramstyrda dumprar, som en del i utvecklingsarbetet för en effektivare produktion. Resultat har uppnåtts genom analys av intern och extern benchmarking jämfört med den teori som finns inom ämnesområdet modulindelning. Huvudresultatet visar att teorin och verkligheten skiljer sig genom att modulindelning ska anpassas individuellt utifrån varje företag och inte fungerar som en generellt applicerbar process. Slutsatsen visar att Volvo CE i Braås måste utveckla en egen handlingsplan och kravspecifikation utifrån egna definitioner som är skräddarsydda specifikt för företaget.</p><p>I rapporten presenteras förslag till ovanstående handlingsplan för modulindelning på Volvo CE i Braås.</p><br><p>This diplomawork is the ending part of the education program Managing technology and Business Projects at Växjö University and was given as an assignment from Volvo Construction Equipment in Braås.</p><p>The work is a part of Volvos future production- and product strategies and aims to support Volvo in their work towards a module classification of the articulated hauler line built in Braås.</p><p>The result has been reached trough analysis of internal and external benchmarking compared to the theory regarding the subject. The main result shows that theory diverges from reality in the way that modularization must be adjusted individually for each company and that it doesn’t work as a general applicable process. The conclusion shows that Volvo CE in Braås must develop a unique plan of action from the in-house definitions that is tailored specifically for the company.</p>
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Kaur, Ramneet Namuduri Kameswara. "Connection probability in reference point group mobility model." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2006. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/661.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering.<br>"December 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov.3, 2007). Thesis adviser: Kameswara Namuduri. Includes bibliographic references (leaves [31-33]).
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Koop, Gregory J. "The Simultaneous Use of Multiple Reference Points in Risky Decision Making." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1256927382.
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Klein, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Shape Matching With Reference Points / Oliver Klein." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023050862/34.
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Lizarme, Quispe Silvia, and Valer Isaac Huamán. "Question Point: Servicio de referencia virtual en los Centros de Información de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/320271.
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Presentación realizada en el marco de las VI Jornadas Nacionales de Bibliotecas Universitarias:"REDESCUBRIENDO LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN LA ERA DEL CONOCIMIENTO", realizado 28-30 de Mayo del 2014, Lima. Perú.<br>Los Centros de Información de la Universidad de Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) implementan el Servicio de referencia virtual, a través de la plataforma Question Point, en el año 2009, con el soporte tecnológico de OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) y ante la necesidad de los usuarios que demandaban un canal de comunicación online, que les permita realizar sus consultas académicas, referentes a los servicios que ofrecen los Centros de información.
La implementación de este servicio ha permitido atender hasta la fecha 6534 consultas vía email (formulario web) y chat, lo que no solo ha servido para satisfacer las consultas de los usuarios sino también para formarlos en estrategias de búsquedas y en el uso correcto de los servicios físicos y digitales que ofrecemos a la comunidad universitaria.
A partir del año 2011, se integra un Qwidget de chat del Question Point en el Aula Virtual de los alumnos, debido a que se identifica a esta última, como el ambiente virtual más utilizado por los alumnos, al consultar los materiales de enseñanza de sus cursos. Esta estrategia tiene como finalidad que los alumnos puedan encontrar en su principal medio de interacción virtual, una nueva alternativa de comunicación con los Centros de Información, para la resolución de sus consultas referentes a la búsqueda de fuentes de información bibliográfica así como también para solicitar orientación en el uso de los distintos servicios que se ofrecen.
Esta estrategia ha dado como resultado que en el año 2013 el número de consultas vía chat se incremente en un 73% respecto al año 2011. Asimismo, cabe resaltar que en promedio el 59% de las consultas vía chat son realizadas desde el Qwidget insertado en el Aula Virtual.
Finalmente, un dato resaltante es que el 74% de las consultas recibidas son a través del canal del chat, lo cual indica que existe una marcada tendencia de los usuarios al uso de estos servicios, por lo que se recomienda a otras áreas de la universidad, tomar esta experiencia como modelo para la atención de las consultas que reciben de sus usuarios.
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Stella, Federico. "Learning a Local Reference Frame for Point Clouds using Spherical CNNs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20197/.
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Uno dei problemi più importanti della 3D Computer Vision è il cosiddetto surface matching, che consiste nel trovare corrispondenze tra oggetti tridimensionali. Attualmente il problema viene affrontato calcolando delle feature locali e compatte, chiamate descrittori, che devono essere riconosciute e messe in corrispondenza al mutare della posa dell'oggetto nello spazio, e devono quindi essere invarianti rispetto all'orientazione. Il metodo più usato per ottenere questa proprietà consiste nell'utilizzare dei Local Reference Frame (LRF): sistemi di coordinate locali che forniscono un'orientazione canonica alle porzioni di oggetti 3D che vengono usate per calcolare i descrittori. In letteratura esistono diversi modi per calcolare gli LRF, ma fanno tutti uso di algoritmi progettati manualmente. Vi è anche una recente proposta che utilizza reti neurali, tuttavia queste vengono addestrate mediante feature specificamente progettate per lo scopo, il che non permette di sfruttare pienamente i benefici delle moderne strategie di end-to-end learning.
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è utilizzare un approccio data-driven per far imparare a una rete neurale il calcolo di un Local Reference Frame a partire da point cloud grezze, producendo quindi il primo esempio di end-to-end learning applicato alla stima di LRF. Per farlo, sfruttiamo una recente innovazione chiamata Spherical Convolutional Neural Networks, le quali generano e processano segnali nello spazio SO(3) e sono quindi naturalmente adatte a rappresentare e stimare orientazioni e LRF. Confrontiamo le prestazioni ottenute con quelle di metodi esistenti su benchmark standard, ottenendo risultati promettenti.
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Li, Zhenlong. "The reference point effect, M&A misvaluations and merger decisions." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12225/.
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This thesis investigates the reference point effect on M&As. Prospect theory proposes that the reference dependence bias is firmly rooted in people’s minds, affirming that people rely heavily on a piece of relevant information while making decisions. This thesis applies this reference point to M&As, showing that M&A participants are subject to reference-dependence bias. The reference point theory explains the M&A motives in a new way. The results of this thesis offer important implications to M&A practitioners. Baker et al. (2012) suggest that the target’s reference price enhances the target’s bargaining power in the U.S. market, inspiring the author’s thinking that the reference point effect is likely to be reinforced in a competitive market and in the scenario where the bidder is in the face of considerable information barriers. In this pursuit, Chapter 3 studies the reference point effect on a sample of public acquisitions involving a U.K. target. Using the target 52-week high as the reference price, a positive relationship emerges between the reference price and the offer premium. Further, there is evidence of overpayment among domestic bidders whereas little evidence among cross-border bidders, indicating that the market acquiesces the payment according to the target reference point among cross-border bidders. Evidence that reference- dependence bias serves as the bargaining power is confirmed outside the United States. However, the real M&A motive of the bidder is unlikely to be revealed solely depending on the target reference point. Therefore, Chapter 4 extends Baker et al.’s paper (2012) by adding both the target and the bidder reference points. A Relative Reference Point (RRP) is proposed for M&A misvaluations as per Shleifer and Vishny (2003), indicating the extent to which the bidder is more overvalued relatively to the target. The joint reference point effects can explain the motivation of why bidders paying high offer premiums. The results obtained in this chapter show that bidders are likely to pay with stocks when RRP increases, suggesting that bidders accelerating the process of overvaluation dilution is a sign of bidder overvaluation. In addition, the offer premium increases with the RRP, indicating the motive of diluting overvaluation is to be seen by the target, leading targets to bargain over high offer premiums. When assessing the long-term performance of stock bidders, it became evident that bidders time the market by paying stocks according to the RRP. A direct implication of prospect theory is that people seek risk in the face of loss gauged by a reference point. Chapter 5 proposes the bidder reference point to assess the market anticipation effect. Investors suffer mental loss when their firm’s current performance is significantly below its best recently achieved performance. They anticipate that the firm will take risks to turn the table round. It was evident that the firm is rewarded with positive market reactions when it takes risks according to the market’s anticipation. In a further analysis, it also emerged that managers taking the market-anticipated risks exhibit greater efforts in the processes of M&A negotiation and post-merger integration, reflected in the low offer premiums paid to the target shareholders and positive long-term abnormal returns earned. This thesis has empirically investigated many implications of the reference point effect in the M&A context. The main aim of this thesis is to simplify M&A decisions for managers in order to structure M&A effectively.
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Solà, Belda Carles. "Economic action and reference points: an experimental analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4019.
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Aquesta tesi analitza diversos aspectes de les motivacions individuals i de les seves implicacions en processos econòmics. Específicament, analitzo en detall criteris normatius que poden aplicar els individus com són els de justícia i reciprocitat. En la Introducció defineixo l'ús que en faig de conceptes com la reciprocitat, la justícia, la "dependència del menú" i els "punts de referència" donat que s'empren en el desenvolupament dels diferents capítols. També es descriu la metodologia emprada, que consisteix en alguns models teòrics sobre el comportament dels individus en situacions estratègiques, incorporant elements de la Teoria dels Jocs i l'ús de la metodologia experimental. En el segon capítol, " El concepte de justícia de Rabin i la provisió privada de béns públics", analitzo en detall les implicacions de la teoria de Rabin (1993) sobre el comportament estratègic d'individus. Aquest model introdueix en la funció d'utilitat , a més dels pagaments econòmics que un individu obté, aspectes psicològics com el sentit de justícia en les relacions econòmiques amb altres individus. En aquest capítol examino les implicacions d'una extensió de la teoria a un camp a on existeix una acumulació de resultats experimentals en contradicció amb el comportament predit pels models estàndard de la teoria dels jocs. Mostro que la teoria d'en Rabin és consistent amb el que s'anomena "splitting" però inconsistent amb el que es coneix com a "efecte MPCR". El tercer capítol, "Punts de referència i reciprocitat negativa en jocs seqüencials simples", analitza la influència que poden tenir certs vectors de pagaments no disponibles en un moment de decisió, anomenats "punts de referència", sobre la preferència per un altre conjunt de vectors de pagaments. Això es connecta amb l'atribució de certes intencions a altres subjectes quan trien determinats cursos d'acció en el joc. Mitjançant la utilització d'experiments s'obtenen resultats que confirmen la importància dels punts de referència en les consideracions de reciprocitat que empren els individus. El quart capítol, " Aspectes distribucionals i els punts de referència", analitza alguns aspectes que poden combinar-se amb els punts de referència en la atribució d'intencions. Aquests aspectes són: el pagament que podia rebre un agent en el punt de referència, el seu pagament relatiu a l'altre agent i, finalment, el pagament conjunt que podien obtenir els dos agents en el punt de referència. Els resultats experimentals obtinguts mostren que cap d'aquests efectes pot explicar per ell mateix els resultats. Finalment, el cinquè capítol, " Els joc del dilema dels presoners en forma seqüencial: Reciprocitat i efectes de dimensió del grup" estudia les reaccions dels individus a certes decisions d'altres individus del procés i els canvis d'aquestes reaccions amb la dimensió del grup. Els resultats experimentals obtinguts , mostren que el comportament observat és consistent amb consideracions de reciprocitat i d'aversió a la desigualtat.<br>This thesis analyzes several aspects of the motivations that drive individuals and their implications in economic processes. In particular, I analyze in detail normative criteria that individuals apply such as those of fairness and reciprocity. In the Introduction I define the use I make of the concepts of reciprocity, fairness, menu dependence and reference points that will be used in the course of the different chapters. The methodology developed in this thesis employs some theoretical models on the behavior of individuals in strategic interactions, using elements of Game Theory and Experimental Economics. In the second chapter, "On Rabin's Concept of Fairness and the Private Provision of Public Goods", I analyze in detail the implications of Rabin's (1993) theory of individual behavior and its implications. This model introduces, apart from the economic payoffs that the individual obtains in a strategic interaction, psychological phenomena, mainly a sense of fairness in the relation with other agents. In this chapter I analyze the implications of an extended version of this theory to a field where there exists a vast amount of experimental evidences contradicting the behavior predicted by standard game theoretical models. I show that Rabin's theory is consistent with one piece of evidence repeatedly found in experiments, the so call "splitting". I also show that the model is inconsistent with another piece of evidence in the field, the "MPCR effect". The third chapter, "Reference Points and Negative Reciprocity in Simple Sequential Games", analyzes the influence that certain payoff vectors, the "reference points", not attainable at that time, may have on the preference by other payoff vectors. This is connected with the attribution of certain intentions to the other players when selecting some courses of action. By using experiments I obtain results that confirm the importance of these reference points in the reciprocity considerations that individuals apply. Chapter four , "Distributional Concerns and Reference Points", analyzes some aspects that may interact with the reference points in the attributions of intentions. These aspects are the payoff to the agent from a given course of action, his/her relative payoff and the joint payoff. The experimental results show that none of these elements is able to explain by itself the results. Finally, the fifth chapter, "The Sequential Prisoner's Dilemma Game: Reciprocity and Group Size Effects" analyzes how aspects of the individual motivations interact with social aspects. In particular it studies how the reactions of individuals change with the dimension of the group in certain processes. The experimental results obtained show that in the prisoner's dilemma game (two-person and three-person games) the behavior of subjects may be consistent with reciprocity considerations and with inequality aversion considerations.
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Toledo, Pedro Filipe Leite Correia de. "Modelamento e análise do efeito de coeficiente nulo de temperatura (ZTC) do Mosfet para aplicações análogicas de baixa sensibilidade têrmica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140814.
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A contínua miniaturização das tecnologias CMOS oferece maior capacidade de integração e, consequentemente, as variações de temperatura dentro de uma pastilha de silício têm se apresentado cada vez mais agressivas. Ademais, dependendo da aplicação, a temperatura ambiente a qual o CHIP está inserido pode variar. Dessa maneira, procedimentos para diminuir o impacto dessas variações no desempenho do circuito são imprescindíveis. Tais métodos devem ser incluídos em ambos fluxos de projeto CMOS, analógico e digital, de maneira que o desempenho do sistema se mantenha estável quando a temperatura oscilar. A ideia principal desta dissertação é propor uma metodologia de projeto CMOS analógico que possibilite circuitos com baixa dependência térmica. Como base fundamental desta metodologia, o efeito de coeficiente térmico nulo no ponto de polarização da corrente de dreno (ZTC) e da transcondutância (GZTC) do MOSFET são analisados e modelados. Tal modelamento é responsável por entregar ao projetista analógico um conjunto de equações que esclarecem como a temperatura influencia o comportamento do transistor e, portanto, o comportamento do circuito. Essas condições especiais de polarização são analisadas usando um modelo de MOSFET que é contínuo da inversão fraca para forte. Além disso, é mostrado que as duas condições ocorrem em inversão moderada para forte em qualquer processo CMOS. Algumas aplicações são projetadas usando a metodologia proposta: duas referências de corrente baseadas em ZTC, duas referências de tensão baseadas em ZTC, e quatro circuitos gm-C polarizados em GZTC. A primeira referência de corrente é uma Corrente de Referência CMOS Auto-Polarizada (ZSBCR), que gera uma referência de 5uA. Projetada em CMOS 180 nm, a referência opera com uma tensão de alimentação de 1.4 à 1.8 V, ocupando uma área em torno de 0:010mm2. Segundo as simulações, o circuito apresenta um coeficiente de temperatura efetivo (TCeff ) de 15 ppm/oC para -45 à +85 oC e uma sensibilidade à variação de processo de = = 4:5% incluindo efeitos de variabilidade dos tipos processo e descasamento local. A sensibilidade de linha encontrada nas simulações é de 1%=V . A segunda referência de corrente proposta é uma Corrente de Referência Sem Resistor Auto-Polarizada com Capacitor Chaveado (ZSCCR). O circuito é projetado também em 180 nm, resultando em uma corrente de referência de 5.88 A, para uma tensão de alimentação de 1.8 V, e ocupando uma área de 0:010mm2. Resultados de simulações mostram um TCeff de 60 ppm/oC para um intervalo de temperatura de -45 à +85 oC e um consumo de potência de 63 W. A primeira referência de tensão proposta é uma Referência de Tensão resistente à pertubações eletromagnéticas contendo apenas MOSFETs (EMIVR), a qual gera um valor de referência de 395 mV. O circuito é projetado no processo CMOS 130 nm, ocupando em torno de 0.0075 mm2 de área de silício, e consumindo apenas 10.3 W. Simulações pós-leiaute apresentam um TCeff de 146 ppm/oC, para um intervalo de temperatura de 55 à +125oC. Uma fonte EMI de 4 dBm (1 Vpp de amplitude) aplicada na alimentação do circuito, de acordo com o padrão Direct Power Injection (DPI), resulta em um máximo de desvio DC e ondulação Pico-à-Pico de -1.7 % e 35.8m Vpp, respectivamente. A segunda referência de tensão é uma Tensão de Referência baseada em diodo Schottky com 0.5V de alimentação (SBVR). Ela gera três saídas, cada uma utilizando MOSFETs com diferentes tensões de limiar (standard-VT , low-VT , e zero-VT ). Todos disponíveis no processo adotado CMOS 130 nm. Este projeto resulta em três diferentes voltages de referências: 312, 237, e 51 mV, apresentando um TCeff de 214, 372, e 953 ppm/oC no intervalo de temperatura de -55 à 125oC, respectivamente. O circuito ocupa em torno de 0.014 mm2, consumindo um total de 5.9 W. Por último, circuitos gm-C são projetados usando o conceito GZTC: um emulador de resistor, um inversor de impedância, um filtro de primeira ordem e um filtro de segunda ordem. Os circuitos também são simulados no processo CMOS 130 nm, resultando em uma melhora na estabilidade térmica dos seus principais parâmetros, indo de 27 à 53 ppm/°C.<br>Continuing scaling of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies brings more integration and consequently temperature variation has become more aggressive into a single die. Besides, depending on the application, room ambient temperature may also vary. Therefore, procedures to decrease thermal dependencies of eletronic circuit performances become an important issue to include in both digital and analog Integrated Circuits (IC) design flow. The main purpose of this thesis is to present a design methodology for a typical CMOS Analog design flow to make circuits as insensitivity as possible to temperature variation. MOSFET Zero Temperature Coefficient (ZTC) and Transconductance Zero Temperature Coefficient (GZTC) bias points are modeled to support it. These are used as reference to deliver a set of equations that explains to analog designers how temperature will change transistor operation and hence the analog circuit behavior. The special bias conditions are analyzed using a MOSFET model that is continuous from weak to strong inversion, and both are proven to occur always from moderate to strong inversion operation in any CMOS fabrication process. Some circuits are designed using proposed methodology: two new ZTC-based current references, two new ZTC-based voltage references and four classical Gm-C circuits biased at GZTC bias point (or defined here as GZTC-C filters). The first current reference is a Self-biased CMOS Current Reference (ZSBCR), which generates a current reference of 5 A. It is designed in an 180 nm process, operating with a supply voltage from 1.4V to 1.8 V and occupying around 0:010mm2 of silicon area. From circuit simulations the reference shows an effective temperature coefficient (TCeff ) of 15 ppm/oC from 45 to +85oC, and a fabrication process sensitivity of = = 4:5%, including average process and local mismatch. Simulated power supply sensitivity is estimated around 1%/V. The second proposed current reference is a Resistorless Self-Biased ZTC Switched Capacitor Current Reference (ZSCCR). It is also designed in an 180 nm process, resulting a reference current of 5.88 A under a supply voltage of 1.8 V, and occupying a silicon area around 0:010mm2. Results from circuit simulation show an TCeff of 60 ppm/oC from -45 to +85 oC and a power consumption of 63 W. The first proposed voltage reference is an EMI Resisting MOSFET-Only Voltage Reference (EMIVR), which generates a voltage reference of 395 mV. The circuit is designed in a 130 nm process, occupying around 0.0075 mm2 of silicon area while consuming just 10.3 W. Post-layout simulations present a TCeff of 146 ppm/oC, for a temperature range from 55 to +125oC. An EMI source of 4 dBm (1 Vpp amplitude) injected into the power supply of circuit, according to Direct Power Injection (DPI) specification results in a maximum DC Shift and Peak-to-Peak ripple of -1.7 % and 35.8m Vpp, respectively. The second proposed voltage reference is a 0.5V Schottky-based Voltage Reference (SBVR). It provides three voltage reference outputs, each one utilizing different threshold voltage MOSFETs (standard-VT , low-VT , and zero-VT ), all available in adopted 130 nm CMOS process. This design results in three different and very low reference voltages: 312, 237, and 51 mV, presenting a TCeff of 214, 372, and 953 ppm/oC in a temperature range from -55 to 125oC, respectively. It occupies around 0.014 mm2 of silicon area for a total power consumption of 5.9 W. Lastly, a few example Gm-C circuits are designed using GZTC technique: a single-ended resistor emulator, an impedance inverter, a first order and a second order filter. These circuits are simulated in a 130 nm CMOS commercial process, resulting improved thermal stability in the main performance parameters, in the range from 27 to 53 ppm/°C.
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Casper, Adlerteg, and Sen Adem. "Navigation with variable point of reference for 3DOF differential drive mobile robot." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54574.
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In this thesis, a kinematic model for controlling an Omni-directional 3 DOF DDR with an external navigation point is presented. Two different dynamic models for investigating the resulting torque on the three active motors on the robot are also developed and validated. The focus of the thesis is on the design of kinematic and dynamic models in an ideal environment and the kinematic model in a high fidelity environment. The kinematic model uses inverse kinematics to translate the controlling motion reference from the external navigation point to the three active motors on the DDR. The thesis also includes a comparison of the two different dynamic models based on Kane's method and Newton's second law of motion, respectively. The models presented in this thesis could aid autonomous robots with attached payloads such as hospital beds move with the centre of geometry as a focal point and thereby perform movements. The results show that such a kinematic model for controlling the specific robot is shown to be feasible in an ideal environment. However, due to PID controllers for the active wheel motors not being exact enough, the model in the high fidelity environment does not perform correctly in all cases. Furthermore, the dynamic model results provide an understanding of the difference of torque dependant on the distance to the navigation point.
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Nukala, Utthej. "Design of a Temperature Independent MOSFET-Only Current Reference." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1319473836.
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Bourianova, Ioulia. "Housing of female single-parent families with special reference to Point St. Charles." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23975.
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The single-parent family is an established household form in North American and Western European societies, yet today's homes are often built and marketed for the two-earner household. Inadequate and unaffordable housing is a source of daily stress in the lives of single parents. This thesis investigates the problems and concerns of the female single parents described in the literature, and reviews selected examples of single-parent housing projects developed in North America and Europe. A comparison is made with a particular group of female single parents living in the Point St. Charles neighborhood of Montreal.<br>A review of the difficulties faced by this group is provided, particularly their housing concerns and the types of housing available to them. A brief historical overview of Point St. Charles is given so that the reader may better understand the group of female single parents surveyed.<br>An analysis of the survey results reveals that although many of the problems and concerns of single parents described in the literature are similar to those identified in the present survey, few generalizations can be made about their housing problems.
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Kersting, Lee Michael. "Do Changing Reference Levels affect the Long-Term Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?" Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4347.
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This study examines whether reference levels change over time and the impact on individuals' risk-taking behavior. I apply expectations-based reference-dependent preferences theory to analyze whether individuals' reference levels change over time in an economic setting. The theory suggests that individuals develop reference levels based on expectations of future outcomes (Koszegi and Rabin 2006). Therefore, this study examines whether individuals' expectations affect the setting of their reference level and how possible changes in reference levels affect subsequent risk-taking behavior. This study also provides evidence on how budget-based contracts impact individual risk taking behavior in a single period setting. Prior research has used multiple theories in an attempt to explain contradictory results relating to budget target difficulty and risk-taking behaviors. This study provides more evidence to the literature by further examining the impact of budget-based contracts on individuals' risk-taking behavior. A 1 x 2 between subjects experiment was conducted over five periods. Budget target was the manipulated factor at two levels: easy and moderate. Results suggest that individuals under easy budget targets make riskier decisions. Additionally, individuals' reference levels change over time and the change in reference level is greater for those individuals who continually attain their budget target, suggesting that expectations do increase the reference level. Lastly, in the current study, changes in reference level do not have a significant impact on risky decision making.
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Krapp, James Joseph. ""At the Still Point of the Turning World": A Reference to Time and Movement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31690.
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A Clinic for the study of Sleep Disorders
The proposal for a clinic for sleep disorders sited on the edge of Dupont Circle within the District of Columbia.
This thesis is a reference to time and movement as it relates to our individual perception. We each experience our environments differently and architecture should be prescribed to the fit the needs of the individual. It is the study of design
evolution along a time-line. The science of effect. As we move along a line how does our environment and influence shape the final outcome?
In architecture, process is the task of understanding. The following documentation is my personal time-line along that undefined path.<br>Master of Architecture
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Engström, Alexander, and Patrik Jogedal. "Kunskapsvarians vid förhandlingar : En studie om hur kunskapsvarians påverkar förankringseffekten vid förhandlingar." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21572.
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Syfte: Denna uppsats behandlar en undermedveten kognitiv bias vilken benämns som ”anchoring effect” eller förankringseffekten. Effekten uppenbaras då människor tenderar att lägga för mycket tillit till den första informationen som görs tillgänglig vid olika typer av beslutsfattande. Teoriramen för detta forskningsområde är tämligen utbredd med drygt 40 år av studier som på senare tid börjat undersöka förankringseffektens påverkan vid förhandlingar. Dessutom finns utbredda konstateranden för att betydande kunskap inte lindrar effekten i någon större omfattning. Däremot föreligger bristande forskningsslutsatser kring hur kunskapsvarians vid förhandlingar påverkar förankringseffekten. Till följd av detta avser studien att undersöka nedanstående syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förankringseffekten påverkar utfallet i en förhandlingssituation, när kunskapsvarians råder mellan parterna gällande det aktuella förhandlingsområdet. Metod: I studien genomfördes ett experiment med totalt 44 deltaganden. Experimenten utgjordes av prisförhandlingar gällande en fiktiv bostad, där varje enskild deltagare fick genomgå två förhandlingar vardera. Den första förhandlingen avsåg en lägenhetsförsäljning och den andra en villaförsäljning där parterna agerade säljare respektive köpare. I experimentgruppen förelåg det kunskapsvarians då tredjeårsstudenter från fastighetsmäklarprogrammet mötte studenter med annan utbildningsbakgrund. I kontrollgruppen ställdes motsatsvis deltagare från samma utbildning mot varandra för att skapa mindre skillnader i kunskap beträffande det aktuella förhandlingsområdet. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet i denna studie tyder på att deltagare vars kunskap stod dem till förfogande, alstrat förmånligare överenskommelser i jämförelse med deltagare med låg kunskapsnivå. Detta trots att deltagarna vars kunskapsnivå var låg, erhållit fördelen av förankringseffekten då de fick lägga det första budet. Resultatet indikerar därmed att förankringseffekten kan lindras till följd av kunskapsvarians vid förhandlingar. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vidare forskning bör utgå från liknande förhandlingsexperiment där forskaren i första hand eftersträvar att generera större kunskapsskillnader mellan parterna i förhandlingen. En större omfattning av denna studie torde således resultera i ökade statistiska klarheter vilket torde vara gynnsamt för det aktuella forskningsområdet. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrag är att forskningsresultaten tyder på en lindring av förankringseffekten vid kunskapsvarians inom förhandlingar. Detta till skillnad från tidigare studier där olika kunskapnivåer inte visats ha någon större betydelse. I och med att ingen tidigare studie undersökt detta förhållande har denna studie lyckats identifiera ett tydligt forskningsgap som bidragits till.<br>Aim: This paper is about a subconscious cognitive bias referred to as "Anchoring Effect". The effect is revealed by the fact that people tend to put too much trust in the first information that is made available in different types of decision-making situations. The theory framework for this research area is fairly widespread with over 40 years of studies, and lately the research has begun examining the anchoring effect in different types of negotiation dyads. In addition, there are widespread findings that significant knowledge does not mitigate the effect in any notable degree. However, there is a lack of research findings regarding how differences in knowledge within negotiations might affect the anchoring effect. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the following: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the anchoring effect is affecting the outcome of a negotiation, when the parties have different levels of knowledge regarding the negotiated area. Method: This study has conducted an experiment with a total of 44 participants. The experiments have involved simulated price negotiations regarding a condominium and a residence property. Each participant performed two negotiations each, one for respective dwelling place. In the experimental group, there was a difference in knowledge when third year students from a real estate brokering program negotiated with students from other programs. In contradistinction to the experimental group, the control group included students with similar education background in order to create minor knowledge differences within the negotiated area. Result & Conclusion: The result of this study shows undeniably that the experiment participants with greater knowledge have generated more favourable agreements, compared to the participants with lower relevant knowledge. Even though the participants with lower knowledge had the advantage of presenting the initial offer in the experimental group. Thus, a mitigation of the anchoring effect has been identified as a result of differences in knowledge within the negotiations. Further research: Further research should be based on similar negotiation experiments with focus on creating greater differences in knowledge between the participants. This in combination with a larger replica of our study should enable increased statistical clarities with fruitful outcomes in this research field. Contribution of the thesis: The theoretical contribution of our study is primarily the fact that the anchoring effect tends to be mitigated by variance in knowledge within negotiations. Considering that no previous studies have examined this before, we argue that a clear research gap have been identified and that our findings has contributed to the theoretical framework.
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Jenkins, Thomas. "A biomechanical approach to improved fracture risk assessment with a focus on reference point microindentation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376998/.
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Osteoporosis is a bone disease with two primary definitions: 1) the World Health Organisation definition of low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and 2) the National Institutes of Health definition of increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Though BMD, alongside clinical factors, is the current gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, these measures are risk factors that only define a small proportion of individuals who fracture. Changes in the biomechanical properties of the bone may relate to fracture risk and bone disease and, if they can be clinically assessed, could be useful in supplementing existing techniques to improve future diagnosis and treatment. This thesis addresses whether there are biomechanical changes in osteoporotic as well as osteoarthritic bone and whether these can be measured through Reference Point Microindentation (RPI). RPI has previously been applied in vivo with no reported complications and the hypothesis that a higher indentation depth of a needle-like test probe implies increased fracture risk. Despite emerging implementation of RPI, there is limited research to advise on optimal testing with this technique. Therefore, recommendations are provided to minimise testing variation by studying the variability associated with RPI testing parameters in vitro. Primarily, a best practice would be to: keep maximum load, sample preparation and mode-of-use consistent, fix the device in its stand, remove soft tissue and machine the bone, ensure sufficient cortical thickness and make multiple repeat measurements. These recommendations then guided the main, clinically focussed, study of this thesis. RPI was applied to femoral neck samples extracted from fractured and osteoarthritic patients, finding the surface measured indentation depth to be increased relative to cadaveric control samples. Furthermore, the measured indentation property had minimal correlation with current existing techniques, supplementing BMD and clinical factors to improve discrimination of fractured from control tissue. Complementary fracture toughness testing allowed for improved understanding of bone disease and interpretation of the RPI results. This study demonstrated that fracture toughness properties of the inferomedial femoral neck seem largely unaffected by osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. Furthermore, correlation between RPI and fracture properties was minimal, implying that the technique was assessing other properties to discriminate the osteoporotic and osteoarthritic from control bone. Indent imaging, through micro-computed tomography and serial sectioning techniques, confirmed this to be the case with RPI being a multifactorial measure comprised of structural as well as fracture mechanics and elastoplastic properties. Altogether, this thesis provides insight into the effects of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis on the biomechanical properties of the femoral neck and presents how these could potential be clinically assessed through RPI, supplementing existing techniques to improve fracture risk assessment.
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Hermier, Yves. "Le point triple du mercure comme reference de temperature : etude, realisation et bilan des incertitudes." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0198.
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Parmi les points fixes de l'echelle internationale de temperature de 1990 (eit-90) le comite consultatif de thermometrie (cct) comite international des poids et mesures (cipm) a fait adopter le point triple du mercure. L'institut national de metrologie (inm) du conservatoire national des arts et metiers (cnam), a, parmi ses missions, celle de mettre en place cette reference nationale. Le bilan des incertitudes sur la temperature du point fixe du mercure est, a notre avis, loin d'avoir ete completement etabli. C'est pourquoi, a l'inm, nous avons etudie metrologiquement cette reference dans le but d'etablir une incertitude sur la temperature aussi realiste que possible. Les deux principales incertitudes sont: a. Les incertitudes d'origine chimique. B. Les incertitudes d'origine thermique. Nous avons realise des dispositifs particuliers pour mettre en uvre le point de mercure par une methode a flux constant et par une methode adiabatique. Nous avons compare les resultats obtenus par les deux methodes. Les travaux ont debouche sur: une comparaison internationale des differentes realisations (projet euromet n 280) l'etablissement d'un contrat de licence de commercialisation de cellules thermometriques, entre le cnam et la societe engelhard-pyrocontrole. La mise en place de la reference nationale du point de mercure, pour permettre un raccordement de toutes les mesures industrielles a cette reference nationale
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Barbosa, Thais Bolgueroni. "Uma descrição do processo de referenciação em narrativas contadas em língua de sinais brasileira (libras)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-06052013-112529/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma descrição do processo de referenciação em uma narrativa contada em língua de sinais brasileira (libras), partindo da análise de como o sinalizador introduz e retoma as personagens da narrativa. A descrição é feita com base em trabalhos realizados no âmbito da linguística cognitiva, principalmente na proposta de van Hoek (1997) para a descrição da referenciação, e na proposta de Liddell (2003) para a análise da estrutura dos discursos sinalizados. As línguas sinalizadas, de modo geral e especificamente a libras ainda estão em fase inicial de descrição. A questão da referenciação, que diz respeito ao que está por trás do uso de certas formas de codificação dos referentes em determinados pontos do discurso, já foi amplamente discutida em trabalhos sobre línguas orais. Grande parte das análises, entretanto, tem se baseado na linearidade dessas línguas e, assim, a escolha das formas de codificação é explicada pela distância entre menções do referente. Esse tipo de abordagem, no entanto, não parece ser adequado para a análise de línguas sinalizadas, que são línguas de modalidade visual-gestual. Os discursos, nessas línguas, são organizados espacialmente e a referenciação está fortemente associada à organização do espaço de sinalização pelo sinalizador. O modelo de van Hoek, denominado modelo de pontos de referência, torna-se uma ferramenta interessante para a análise do processo de referenciação em línguas sinalizadas na medida em que se baseia em fatores de natureza cognitiva que não se prendem à linearidade do discurso. A autora propõe que alguns nominais funcionam como pontos de referência conceituais que criam domínios semânticos em que estão inseridos outros nominais. Os fatores que determinam a seleção e a extensão de um ponto de referência são, fundamentalmente, sua proeminência conceitual e sua conectividade conceitual. Para a descrição da estruturação da narrativa, foi utilizado o modelo de Liddell (2003) que, analisando a estrutura do discurso em língua de sinais americana (ASL), chamou a atenção para o papel fundamental que a espacialidade tem nos discursos sinalizados e para a importância de elementos gestuais para a construção dessa espacialidade. A descrição da referenciação neste trabalho é feita a partir de uma narrativa, intitulada O amor é surdo, contada por um surdo adulto fluente em libras. A narrativa foi filmada e transcrita de acordo com o modelo proposto em McCleary, Viotti & Leite (2010), sendo que algumas adaptações e mudanças foram feitas, no decorrer da transcrição, de modo a registrar mais adequadamente todos os detalhes de sinalização. 4 A partir da análise da narrativa, foram levantadas as seguintes formas utilizadas para a referência às personagens: i) sinais; ii) gestos de apontamento; iii) pantomimas e marcas corpóreas, como mudanças na posição do tronco, da cabeça, etc. O nível de elaboração das formas nominais varia de acordo com o grau de proeminência de seu referente. Além disso, foi mostrada a importância da organização espacial para a retomada das personagens ao longo da narrativa, substancialmente estabelecida através da gestualidade no início de cada episódio.<br>This thesis aims at presenting a description of the reference process in a narrative retold in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), starting with the analysis of how the signer introduces and refers back to the characters in the narrative studied. This description was based on works developed within the Cognitive Linguistics framework, mainly on van Hoek (1997), used for the description of reference, and Liddell (2003), for the analysis of signed discourses. Signed languages particulary Libras are rather understudied, so they are still in an initial description stage. Reference, which regards the use of certain forms for the coding of referents in specific points in the discourse, has already been widely discussed in works on spoken languages. However, most of these analyses have been based on the linearity of these languages and, as a consequence, they have explained the coding form choice in terms of the distance between the mentioning of a referent. This approach does not seem to be appropriate for signed languages, which, being gestural-visual languages, have their discourse spatially organized and their correference relations strongly associated with a signers organization of the signing space. Van Hoeks model, called the Reference Point Model, has proved to be an interesting tool for the analysis of the reference process in signed language, as it is based in cognitive factors that are independent from the linearity of the discourse. The author proposes that some nominals function as conceptual reference points that create semantic domains in which other nominals are embedded. The factors that determine the selection and extension of a point of reference are, crucially, relative conceptual prominence and connectivity. For the description of the narrative structure, Liddell (2003)s model was used. This model, developed on the basis of the analysis of American Sign Language (ASL), highlights the role of spatiality in signed discourses, as well as the importance of gestural elements in the construction of this spatiality. The reference description in this work is made through the analysis of a narrative, called Love is deaf, retold by an adult deaf person, fluent in Libras. This narrative was filmed and transcribed following the model proposed in McCleary, Viotti & Leite (2010). Additional adaptations and changes, however, were made in order to capture more adequately the details that were relevant for the purposes of analysis presented here. The use of the following forms to make reference to the characters have been observed: (i) signs; (ii) pointing gestures; and (iii) pantomimes and gestural marks, such as shifts in the position of the torso, head, etc. The elaboration level of nominal forms varies 6 according to the prominence degree of its referent. This analysis reinforces the importance of the spatial organization for reference to characters throughout the narrative, substantially established by the use of gestures in the beginning of each episode.
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Ozer, Gorkem Turgut. "Investigating Selected Behavioral Biases In Turkey: An Analysis Using Survey Data." Thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613203/index.pdf.
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It has been widely accepted that people do not always behave rationally when making decisions. However, cognitive biases are still of interest to a relatively small group (mostly working in the area of psychology) even though they have been introduced to a wider audience by Tversky and Kahneman&rsquo<br>s article in Science in 1974. It has already been shown that behavioral biases affect most decisions of people<br>therefore, they have an important role in a wide range of fields, from financial marketing to gambling. The purpose of this study is to investigate some cognitive biases (anchoring, reference point, probability judgment and risk propensity) in Turkey. In brief, anchoring bias is the fallacious effect of anchor values on decision making process, the presence of reference point bias proves that people are excessively affected by comparisons, probability judgment bias is the erroneous evaluation of probabilities, and risk propensity bias is the fallacious effect of the risk propensity levels on decision making processes. The relationships of these biases with individual cognitive ability levels and socioeconomic variables are also inspected. The data are collected by using a survey that is composed of the related measures which are taken from previous surveys in the literature. The sample is composed of a large number of participants (1575) from a wide range of socioeconomic statuses, from students to working professionals to retired individuals. The results lend support to the presence of a reference point bias, and an effect of risk propensity levels on decisions. However, an evidence which supports anchoring and probability judgment biases are failed to be found at a significant level. A significant relationship between cognitive ability level and risk propensity level is found. Moreover, demographic variables are also found to have an effect on the selected biases and cognitive ability.
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Miller, Henry A. "The effect of utilizing a third point of reference on the accuracy of the earbow facebow." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=527.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 83 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-48).
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Houdou, Bérengère 1978. "Three-Dimensional spatial memory graining using virtual reality : effects of reference frame and point-of-view." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69234.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Pages 131 and 132 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).<br>Humans are usually able to imagine how a terrestrial environment will appear from a new perspective, and usually avoid disorientation because of their ability to transform spatial mental models of their environment. However, astronauts must transform their spatial mental models in three dimensions, and our previous experiments have shown that this is initially not an easy task, though most subjects eventually learn to orient themselves, particularly those who are taught specific strategies. The present experiments are the first to investigate the effects of using a Self-rotation vs. an Array-rotation assumption when transforming mental models of an environment, and to see whether subjects can change rotation modes easily. Also, does performance depend on the point-of-view (Inside vs. Outside)? Subjects (n=29) had first to memorize the arrangement of 6 animal picture icons painted on the interior walls of a virtual cubic room. The room was kept in a fixed orientation during the first four trials in order to allow the subjects to memorize icon locations in a canonical orientation. In each subsequent trial, they were then asked to imagine that either they (Self-rotation mode) or the array (Array-rotation) had rotated. Based on the identification of icons displayed in front and below them, they had to deduce their new orientation and indicate the direction of a specific unseen "target" icon. The speed and accuracy of their responses were recorded. The experimental design was blocked by point-of-view (Inside vs. Outside). Each of the four groups was assigned a specific rotation mode in the first ("training") phase of the experiment; they were then instructed to switch to the alternate mode in the second ("testing") phase. We looked for but found no strong evidence that the groups differed greatly in intrinsic skill. Most subjects managed to master their assigned point-of-view and first rotation mode by the end of the training phase, although learning rates differed between groups. During the training phase, Arrayrotation groups performed significantly better than Self-rotation groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.05). However, after training, the group that trained Inside but was tested in Self-rotation mode performed significantly better than the others (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.005). Even though they had no practice trials during the testing phase, most groups were able to switch rotation modes gracefully, without significant performance decrement. Targets on the left and right were less accurately identified than those in other directions. Implications for spatial memory training of astronauts are discussed.<br>by Bérengère Houdou.<br>S.M.
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Guo, Changbin. "Bayesian Reference Inference on the Ratio of Poisson Rates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2194.
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Bayesian reference analysis is a method of determining the prior under the Bayesian paradigm. It incorporates as little information as possible from the experiment. Estimation of the ratio of two independent Poisson rates is a common practical problem. In this thesis, the method of reference analysis is applied to derive the posterior distribution of the ratio of two independent Poisson rates, and then to construct point and interval estimates based on the reference posterior. In addition, the Frequentist coverage property of HPD intervals is verified through simulation.
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McIntyre, Daniel. "Point of view in dramatic texts : with special reference to Alan Bennett's The lady in the van." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420554.
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DeMoranville, Carol W. "An investigation into price-quality tradeoffs : the effects of order of presentation and presentation of outlying alternatives /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151454/.
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Owens, Mark F. "The behavioral effects of wage and employment policies with gift exchange present." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149002151.
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Larsson, Niklas, and Hampus Runesson. "A study on the use of ARKit toextract and geo-reference oorplans." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177619.
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Indoor positioning systems (IPS) has seen an increase in demand because of the needto locate users in environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) lacksaccuracy. The current way of implementing an IPS is often tedious and time consuming.However, with the improvements of position estimation and object detection on phones,a lightweight and low-cost solution could become the standard for the implementationphase of an IPS. Apple recently included a Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensorin their phones, greatly improving the phones depth measurements and depth understanding.This allows for a more accurate virtual representation of an environment. This thesisstudies the accuracy of ARKit’s reconstructed world and how different environments impactthe accuracy. The thesis also investigates the use of reference points as a tool to map thereconstructed environment to a geo-referenced map, such as Google Maps and Open StreetMap. The results show that ARKit can create virtual representations with centimetre levelaccuracy for small to medium sized environments. For larger or vertical environments,such as corridors or staircases, ARKit’s SLAM algorithm no longer recognizes previouslyvisited areas, causing both duplicated virtual environments and large drift errors. With theuse of multiple reference points, we showed that ARKit can and should be considered asa viable tool for scanning and mapping small scale environments to geo-referenced floorplans.
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Manga, Martin. "Srovnávací analýza SIMO a MIMO metod experimentální modální analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230247.
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Today represents vibration analysis an inseparable part of the product design, especially aeronautical components, machine tools etc. One of the vibration analysis methods is the so-called modal analysis, which determines the modal parameters of the researched structure. This paper deals with a comparison of two commonly used approaches, namely „Single Input Multiple Output“ (SIMO) and „Multiple Input Multiple Output“ analysis (MIMO). A MIMO procedure of measurement is developed and discussed. Both analyses are executed by the same conditions on the milling machine based on parallel kinematics in order to objective comparison. The results show that the choice of the so-called reference points is very important. In case both references are appropriately selected, the MIMO analysis gives better results that the SIMO one.
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Rolland, Antoine. "Procedures d'agregation ordinale de preferences avec points de reference pour l'aide a la decision." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551766.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de modèles d'agrégations de préférences utilisant des points de références. En théorie de la décision, de nombreux travaux axiomatiques montrent les difficultés théoriques et pratiques que pose l'agrégation de relations de préférences partiellement conflictuelles. Les théorèmes d'impossibilité existants expliquent d'une part les difficultés rencontrées par les concepteurs de méthodes multicritères reposant sur une modélisation ordinale des préférences mais aussi la difficulté de concevoir des modèles purement qualitatifs pour la décision dans l'incertain. Nous proposons ici de comparer les solutions non plus de manière directe, mais de manière indirecte en examinant leurs mérites respectifs du point de vue de plusieurs points de références. Nous étudions le potentiel descriptif et prescriptif de ces modèles, les propriétés formelles des règles d'agrégation associées, et nous proposons des théorèmes de représentation caractérisant les préférences représentables par ces modèles dans les domaines de la décision multicritère et la décision dans l'incertain. Enfin, nous montrons leur apport potentiel en aide à la décision à travers des exemples d'application.
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Kuncaitė, Živilė. "Daugtaškio vartosena grožiniuose tekstuose ir jo stilistinės išgalės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090629_141103-41629.
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Darbe pristatomas daugtaškio vartojimas grožiniuose tekstuose. Kadangi skyrybos intonacinis-pauzinis ir prasmės principai vis labiau akcentuojami, tiriama daugtaškio įtaka teksto emociniam ir ekspresiniam atspalviui, intonacijai, prasminiams akcentams, raiškos gyvumui. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudaro pavyzdžiai su 1876 daugtaškiais, pavartotais neoromantizmo atstovės Šatrijos Raganos apysakų rinkinyje „Sename dvare“ ir postmodernistų Renatos Šerelytės romane „Vardas tamsoje“ ir Mariaus Ivaškevičiaus romane „Žali“. Autoriai pasirinkti siekiant palyginti rašymo laikotarpiams (juos skiria šimtmetis), tekstų tipams, pasirinktos literatūros krypčiai būdingą autorinę skyrybą. Teorinės žinios apie daugtaškį lyginamos su realia ženklo vartosena, aiškinamasi, kokias funkcijas tiriamuose tekstuose jis atlieka, aptariami galimi daugtaškio sinonimai. Nemažai dėmesio skiriama vartojimo dažnumo tyrimui statistiniu metodu.<br>This Master’s thesis presents the use of suspension points in the imaginative texts. As the intonation pause and meaning principles of punctuation are more and more emphasized, the influence of suspension points has been analyzed from the point of the emotional and expressive shade, intonation, meaningful focus, vividness of expression. The research material consists of 1876 examples of suspension points used in the collection of stories “In an Old Manor” by Satrijos Ragana and in the novels of post-modern writers: “The Name in the Darkness” by Renata Serelyte and the novel “The Greens” by Marius Ivaskevicius. The authors have been chosen aiming to compare the authors’ punctuation characteristic to the writing periods (the difference between them is one hundred years), types of the texts, and the chosen trend in literature. The theoretical knowledge about the suspension points have been compared with the real use of the punctuation mark, it has been targeted to ascertain what are the functions of this punctuation mark in the analyzed texts, the possible synonyms of suspension points have been discussed in the thesis. Great attention has been paid to the analysis of the usage frequency applying statistical method.
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Smedensjö, Myhre Mauritz, and David Nilsson. "Loss Aversion : A Study of Changes in Loss Aversion Towards a 50/50 Gamble." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95429.
Full textAbstract:
Loss aversion is a theory which states that losses loom larger than gains. Negative outcomes are weighted heavier than positive outcomes in decision making but could this weight change when different prospects are evaluated? This thesis focuses on how the loss aversion changes toward different magnitudes of a loss for young individuals when they are faced with a 50/50 chance of winning or losing a gamble. The loss aversion is tested toward six different magnitudes of a potential loss ranging from 100 kr to 4 000 kr. The loss aversion toward these six different magnitudes is then compared to examine how the loss aversion changes. This data was collected using a survey experiment that was digitally distributed to economics students at Linnaeus University in Växjö.The results from the subsequent analysis showed that the loss aversion was not constant towards all six losses. The loss aversion was different in ten out of fifteen pairwise comparisons. Respondents became more loss averse when the loss increased but the loss aversion did however seem to be less sensitive to increases in losses above the 1 000 kr mark.
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Gao, Ya. "The 'three reference point' effect and the role of political connection in executive compensation : empirical studies on Chinese listed firms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807886/.
Full textAbstract:
Agency theory has for some time been the dominant on executive compensation research. Behavioural approaches such as prospect theory, behavioural agency theory and reference point theory (including strategic reference point theory) provide new perspectives for research into executive compensation. For the largest transitional economy of China, the shift from a planned and administration-oriented economy to a market-oriented economy remains an on-going process. As behavioural approaches are derived from the understanding of human decision-making patterns, they are therefore less subject to institutional settings and thus more applicable to understanding executive compensation contracting in China. From a reference point theory perspective, we test a ‘three reference point’ framework for executive compensation contracting: in external reference to peer firms, internally to other executives on board, and in the time dimension referring to top executives’ previous pay. We find that as a superior alternative to agency theory, reference point theory can provide a better explanation for top executive compensation contracting. In our three empirical chapters, we mainly find that: (1) Chinese executive pay levels are externally heavily influenced in their setting by the pay level of executive peer groups; internally by other executives within firms and by the pay level of an individual executive in the previous period. It should also be noted that the loss aversion effect exists in top executive compensation contracting. (2) We test the three reference point effect and use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the systematic effects of these reference points to empirically test the behavioural determinants of executive pay in China; the three reference points and the systematic effect on top executive compensation are determined to be robust. (3) We document a negative association between top executive pay and a politically-connected board. However, after controlling for the three reference points, this association becomes positive and further strengthens the pay-performance link. We also find that in state-owned and politically connected firms the pay–performance link is the strongest, especially after adjusting for the effect of the three reference points. In private firms that are not politically connected, meanwhile, the pay-for-performance link is weak. Our findings have important policy implications. They highlight the defects of current corporate governance mechanisms, particularly in executive compensation design and monitoring. The current Chinese Corporate Governance Code largely mimics corporate governance practice in the Anglo-American business environment and relies heavily on agency theory; therefore, to a large extent, it does not work in its own context. Our findings identify that in practice, the ‘three reference point’ framework and political connections play very important roles in influencing Chinese executive pay setting, in addition to the link to pay-for-performance and corporate governance mechanisms. It is therefore indicated that the Chinese Government should consider developing policies and regulations in addition to its Corporate Governance Code in order to effectively control the problems of the departure of executive compensation from firm performance.
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Liu, Jinyan. "Élicitation des préférences pour un rangement multicritère basé sur les points de référence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC007.
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L’inférence du modèle de préférence à partir des jugements préférentiels fournis par le décideur, Élicitation des Préférences (EP), est fondamentale au sein de l’Aide Multicritère à la Décision (AMCD), car l’élaboration des recommandations à la fois plausibles, constructives et convaincantes requiert que l’analyste construise un modèle de préférence qui rende compte fidèlement du jugement du décideur. Cependant, l’EP est une mission délicate, parce qu’il s’agit d’attribuer des valeurs aux paramètres du modèle de préférence choisi. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs aspects sont étudiés. Puisque les modèles de préférence étant de plus en plus complexes, on fait alors appel à des algorithmes sophistiqués, et il faut d’autant plus tenir compte de l’aspect computationnel.Ce travail de thèse vise à concevoir des algorithmes afin d’inférer du modèle de préférence à partir des comparaisons par paire (possiblement incohérentes), et de considérer des données de (relativement) grande taille. En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressés à un modèle de rangement multicritère récemment proposé et faisant appel à un certain nombre de points de référence. Ce modèle fait référence à la méthode intitulée “Ranking with Multiple Profiles” (RMP). Plus précisément, nous considérons une version particulière, dite S-RMP. Nos contributions sont divisées en trois parties. Du point de vue théorique, nous nous adressons sur (1) l’interprètabilité des points de référence et (2) la discriminabilité du modèle S-RMP. En termes d’algorithmes, nous présentons, d’abord, (3) un nouveau programme linéaire pour inférer du modèle S-RMP en tenant compte les incohérences et (4) une version robuste améliorée; en outre, (5) une métaheuristique qui procède avec des données massives. (6) Nous menons alors les analyses numériques. (7) Le développement de deux services web est également inclus. En termes d’application, (8) nous présentons une étude de cas<br>The inference of preference model from holistic statements provided by the decision maker (DM), namely, Preference Elicitation (PE), is fundamental to Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA). In order to conduct plausible, constructive and convincing recommendations, the decision analyst should always take the DM’s preference system into account. However, PE might be tricky, as it involves setting appropriately a series of parameter values of the considered model. Various aspects should be considered. Since the preference models are becoming more and more complicated, PE usually relies on sophisticated algorithms, whereas this brings additionally the computational aspect into consideration.This PhD thesis aims at developing new elicitation algorithms dealing with (possibly inconsistent) pairwise comparisons and processing with (relatively) large input datasets. In particular, a recently introduced multi-criteria ranking method making use of a certain number of reference points is considered. It is known as RMP method as abbreviated for Ranking with Multiple reference Points. More specifically, we are interested in one of its Simplified version, namely S-RMP method. Our contributions are divided into three parts. From the theoretical perspective, we are concerned about (1) the interpretation of reference points in such models and (2) the discriminability of S-RMP model. From the algorithmic perspective, we propose firstly (3) a new linear programming formulation for eliciting S-RMP models from inconsistent pairwise comparisons and also (4) an improved robust elicitation algorithm; besides, (5) a metaheuristic for learning S-RMP models from massive data. (6) Numerical analyses are then performed. (7) The development of two web services is also included. From the practical perspective, (8) we present a realistic case study
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Tarnanidis, Theodoros K. "Apparel clothing reference points for important shopping occasions and decision-making styles of Greek college students." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549561.
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The current study conceptualized the categories of consumer referents, concerning how they form their consumption preferences by elaborating reference points, in order to be better informed on items for a measurement scale. In addition the current study conceptualized the categories of shopping orientations (or decision-making styles) of Greek college students, as they better represent how consumers behave, act and make decisions. In the initial purification stage (i.e. pilot test, n=330), principal component analysis, with a varimax and oblique rotation was developed. In the fmal purification stage with a new data set (i.e. primary survey, n=556), confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the factors that define the two measurement models. Furthermore the methodology of Pearson's correlation helped in checking the potential relationships between those two scales. The results of the conceptualization of consumer referents produced a model made up of seven dimensions. These are: Explicit referents (Brand, Price and Store), and Implicit referents (PersonaL Financial, Social and Cultural). Furthermore the conceptualization of the decision-making styles inventory helped in analysing the utilization of consumers' referents. The results contributed to the identification of Greek college students' decision-making styles. The final model of the CSI produced six highly correlated dimensions: 1. Perfectionist, high quality conscious, 2. Recreational conscious, 3. Brand conscious, 4. Novelty conscious, 5. Impulsive conscious, and 6. Confused by over-choice. The technique of Pearson's correlation helped in analysing the effects of the six decision-making traits on the selected categorization of reference points (i.e. the seven categories of referents). The main findings suggest that consumers use reference points based on their distinct shopping orientations. As a whole the findings from this research offer new insights to marketing managers and research practitioners in analysing consumers' apparel consumption decision-making patterns. A summary, discussion of the results and recommendations for further research are proposed.
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Mlolwa, Mwanaidi Ramadhani. "Application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in improving the global competitiveness of the fish industry with special reference to the Nile Perch (Tanzania)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51618.
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Thesis (MPhilAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Not only have non-trade barriers been applied in Europe and the US to agricultural products
from developing countries, but protective policy is also likely to continue. Owing to the
omission of fish from the discussions in the final round of agreement at Uruguay, where
tariffs were significantly reduced for other agricultural products, the fish industry has not had
any non tarriff barier relief in recent years. The failure of the November 1999 World Trade
Organisation Meeting at Seattle to reach any agreement, has again shattered hopes of
international relief for fishery products.
The main assumption underlying the study was that the production of fish in Tanzania could
improve significantly if the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) principles were
applied rigorously. It was believed that neither the prerequisite programmes, nor HACCP
principles were probably applied as stringently as international standards require.
The aim of the study was to review the literature on HACCP, programmes that are
prerequisite for HACCP and factors that_ determine competitiveness in business and to
examine the Tanzanian Nile perch industry against this background. The overall goal was to
determine how the industry could become more internationally competitive. This was
achieved by comparing the socio-economic reality of Tanzania with factors that are
considered in the literature to affect competitiveness in general and in the fish industry
specifically. To achieve the first of these aims, Tanzania's socioeconomic position as a
developing country was examined. To achieve the latter, the commitment of fish processing
factories to the application of HACCP principles and their compliance with prerequisite
programmes were evaluated in a field study.
The literature study confirms that HACCP has received international recognition in the fish
industry as a factor to prevent hazards and gain competitiveness in the global fish market.
However, conditions in Tanzania were shown to be insufficient to support the fisheries sector
in attempting to gain such a competitive advantage. Although, Tanzania has the comparative
advantage of a fishery resource base, a favourable trade policy and foreign technology and
management, the macro-factors that include the infrastructure, human resource capital, foreign
policy environment and the supporting industries are not supportive. For the time being,
therefore, improvement can only come from the government and from the industry itself.
There are several factors to which the government needs to pay attention in order to support
this industry - and others - in achieving international success. These include the provision of
infrastructure and facilities, the improvement of the transportation network, technological
capabilities, human resource capital and the provision of safe water and electric power.
However, the fish industry cannot rely on the government alone. The improvement of their
product is also dependent on their own efforts. According to the findings of this study, the
industry needs to comply with the basic sanitation factors and provide the necessary training
to the employees and fish suppliers.
Having examined the situation more closely, the assumption is proved to be correct. The fish
industry in Tanzania does indeed appear to have the potential to become internationally
competitive. Such success, however, will be heavily dependent on cooperation between the
government and the industry<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Handelsbeperkinge op landbouproduckte vanaf ontwinkkelende in Europa en die Verenigde
State toegepas. Daarbenewens sal beskermende beleidsriglyne waarskynlik in stand gehou
word. Bespreking van sake met betrekking to vissery is nie by die finale rondte van
ooreenstemming te Uruquay, waar tariewe vir ander landbouproduckte betekenisvol verlaag
is, ingesluit nie, en daardeur is daar gedurende die laaste aantal jare geen belastingverligting
vir die visindustrie gebied nie. By die World Trase Organisation se vergadering om
internasionale verligting vir visproducte te verkry, weereens beskaam.
Die hoofveronderstelling wat hierdie studie ondersteun, is dat visproduksie III Tanzanie
betekenisvol verbeter kan word indien die can HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control
Points) streng toegepas word. Dit is veronderstel dat nóg die voorvereiste programme, nóg
die HACCP-beginsels wat ten opsigte van internasionale standaarde vereis word, streng
volgens voorskriftoegepas word.
Die doel van die studie was om 'n oorsig van die literatuur oor HACCP, programme wat as
HACCP-voorvereistes geld en faktore wat mededingendheid in die besigheidswereld bepaal,
te verkry en om die Tanzaniese Nyl-baarsbedryf teen hierdie agterground te ondersoek. Die
oorkoepelende doel was om vas te stel hoe die bedryf internasionaal meer mededingend kan
word. Dit is gedoen deur middel van vergelyking tussen die sosio-ekonomiese werklikheid
van Tanzanië en die faktore wat mededingendheid in die algemeen, volgens die literatuur, en
die visbedryf in besonder, affekteer. Om die eeste van hiedie doelstellings te bereik, is die
sosio-ekonomies posisie van Tanzanie as 'n ontwikkelende land ondersoek Om die tweede te
bereik, is 'n veldstudie uitgevoer om die mate waartoe fabrieke wat vis verwerk daarop
ingestel is om HACCP-beginsels toe te pas en hul gewilligheid om die programme wat as
voorvereistes dien, na te kom, te evalueer.
Die literatuurstudie het bevestig dat HACCP internasionale erkenning geniet as 'n faktor om
risikO in de visbedryf uit te skakel en mededingendheid op die wereldmark vir vis te verwerf.
Daar is egter bewys dat toetstande in Tanzanie ontoereikend is om die visserysektor in die
verwewing van'n mededingende voorsprong te ondersteun.
Alhoewel Tanzanië oor die relatiewe voordele van vissery as 'n hulpbron, gunstige
handelsbeleid en buitelandse tegnologie en bestuur bestik, bied die makrofaktore soos
infrastruktuur, kapitaal III die vorm van menslike hulpbronne, die buitelandse
beleidsomgewing en die ondersteunende bedrywe nie genoeg ondersteuning nie. Vir die
hede, kan ontwikkeling dus slegs deur die regering en die bedryf self bewekstelling word.
Daar is verskeie faktore waaraan die regering aandag moet skenk om hierdie bedryf-en ander
bedrywe-in die verkryging van internasionale sukses te ondersteun. Sulke faktore omvat die
daarstelling van infrastruktuur en fasiliteite, die verbetering van die vervoernetwerk,
tegnologiese vermoens en menslike hulpbronkapitaal, en voorsiening van onbesmette water en
elektriese krag.
Die visbedryf kan egter nie net op die regering steun nie. Die verbetering van die product is
van die bedryf self afhanklik. Die bevindings van hierdie studie dui daarop dat die bedryf die
basiese faktore betreffende sanitêre beginsels moet onderhoue en die vereiste opleiding aan
diensnemers moet verskaf. By die nadere ondersoek van die situasie is die oorspronklike veronderstelling korrek bewys.
Die visbedryf in Tanzanië beskik oor die potensiaal om internasionaal medengend te word.
Sodanige sukses sal egter uiters afhanklik wees van samewerking tussen die regering en die
bedryf.
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Clements, Patricia J. "Critical point behaviour in binary and ternary liquid mixtures with particular reference to rheological and interfacial properties in model mixtures for microemulsions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10187/.
Full textAbstract:
The phase behaviour, rheological effects and interfacial properties of binary and ternary liquid mixtures have been studied near critical points. In particular, measurements have been made of the viscosity-at the bulk macroscopic level by capillary viscometry and at the microscopic level by fluorescence depolarisatiorr-and of critical-point wetting and adsorptiorr-at the solid-liquid interface using evanescent-wave-generated fluorescence spectroscopy and at the liquid-vapour interface using specular neutron reflection. The systems investigated have been mostly alkane + perfluoroalkane mixtures or 2-butoxyethanol + H20 or D20 mixtures, although in some cases hexamethyldisiloxane, propanenitrile and perfluorooctyloctane have also been the components of mixtures. The main outcomes of this study are: • Macroscopic viscosity: The divergence to infinity in the shear viscosity of hexane + perfluorohexane at the critical endpoint for approach along the path of constant critical composition both from the single phase and along both limbs of the coexistence curve is described well using the Renormalisation Group Theory critical exponent y = 0.04. The correlation length amplitude obtained by fitting the sheargradient dependence of the viscosity is ~o = (S.S±l.S) A. • Microscopic viscosity: The product of the rotational correlation time and the temperature 'tR"T, often taken as a measure of the microscopic viscosity, exhibits an anomaly as the critical point is approached as a function of temperature. This anomaly mirrors that in the macroscopic viscosity for some fluorescent dye probes, but for others the anomaly is in the opposite sense indicating that other effects such as solvent structure must playa part in the near-critical behaviour of'tR·T. • Critical-point wetting at the solid-liquid interface: The wetting transition temperature has been identified for heptane + perfluorohexane at the quartz-liquid interface from fluorescence lifetime measurements of a probe. The wetting layer is of the same composition as the bulk heptane-rich phase and the transition is tentatively identified as first-order. • Adsorption and wetting at the liquid-vapour interface: The surface structure of several mixtures has been determined by neutron reflection. The results are in general agreement with the expectations of critical-point wetting and adsorption. The surface is complex and in some mixtures an oscillatory scattering length density profile through the interface is required to model the reflectivity data. • Ternary mixtures: The phase behaviour of three mixtures exhibiting tunnel phase behaviour has been studied experimentally and various characteristics of the shape of the twmel identified. A theoretical study on one of the mixtures predicts the drop in temperature for the locus of maximum phase separation temperatures which is observed experimentally.
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TEIXEIRA, MARCOS VINICIUS PIMENTEL. "IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW VOLTAGES OF REFERENCE IN OPERATION POINTS WITH ADEQUACY PROBLEMS OF VOLTAGE CONTROL ACTIONS BY GENERATOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21063@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Casos reais de blecaute, caracterizados por afundamento de tensão, indicam que os procedimentos normais para o controle automático de tensão podem agravar o nível de tensão. Isto ocorre porque, em situações especiais, as ações de controle têm o efeito oposto ao esperado da sua lógica de projeto. Essas situações especiais podem ser identificadas através de ferramenta computacional que, baseada no sistema linearizado das equações de fluxo de carga e de todas as outras equações de controle consideradas pertinentes, determina uma matriz de sensibilidade dos controles através da qual se pode estabelecer a relação existente entre as tensões controladas e as grandezas controladoras dos dispositivos de controle de tensão. O controle de tensão em geradores síncronos é realizado por reguladores automáticos de tensão (RAT) que, na prática, não têm lógica de controle para diferenciar relação direta e inversa entre a tensão controlada e a tensão de excitação do gerador. Assim, se a relação é inversa, o resultado da ação do RAT é inadequado (oposto ao desejado) e pode levar o sistema ao colapso por baixa tensão, por exemplo. Visto isso, esse trabalho apresenta um método que, através de mudanças adequadas nas grandezas dos geradores determinadas pela análise da matriz de sensibilidade dos controles, permite alcançar um novo perfil de tensão partindo de pontos de operação com problema de adequação das ações de controle por geradores.<br>Actual recent blackouts which were charactherized by voltage sags suggest that normal process for the voltage control can aggravate the voltage level. It happens because, in special situations, the automatic voltage control has the opposite effect of its logic of conception. In order to identify situations like those, we developed a computational tool to evaluate the effect of voltage control based on the linearized system of power flow equations and selected control equations. The tool calculates the voltage control sensitivity matrix which relates the controlling variables and the controlled voltages of voltage control equipments. The voltage control on synchronous generators is performed by automatic voltage regulators (AVR) that, in practice, have no control logic to differentiate direct and inverse relation between the controlling variable and the excitation voltage of generator. Therefore, if the relation is inverse, the result of the action of the AVR is inadequate (opposite to desired) and may lead the system to collapse due to low voltage, for example. Hence, this paper presents a process to achieve the new voltage profile, starting from operating points with adequacy problems of voltage control actions, through appropriate changes in variables of generators determined by analysis in voltage control sensitivity matrix.
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Law, Anandi V. "Evaluation of change in health status of chronic headache patients : influence of patients' reference points and dispositional optimism /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14879491500721.
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Sheehan, Daniel E. "Dynamic in-store decision making." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54871.
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Much of our current understanding of how consumers shop for goods and services is based on cross-sectional analyses of end-of-trip variables (e.g., basket composition, total spending) that has largely assumed purchase behavior is constant over the course of a shopping trip, however research has begun to demonstrate how an initial purchase can influence a subsequent purchase decision. This suggests shopping behavior may not only vary throughout a shopping trip, but rather is specifically influenced by when a purchase decision occurs within a shopping trip. I build on this foundation through two essays that show how and why a consumer’s in-store purchasing behavior is influenced by both the decisions they have made and the decisions they anticipate to make later. The first essay demonstrates that a consumer’s relative spending— the price of an item, relative to the prices of the other items in the same product category—evolves nonlinearly over a single shopping trip, and this pattern is distinct for budget and nonbudget shoppers. The second essay examines whether and how encountering promotions in-store, but temporally in advance of the promoted product influences a consumer’s redemption decision. These findings suggest that shoppers’ decisions evolve of a single shopping trip as a function of the decisions and evaluations the have made earlier in the shopping trip, as well the decisions they still have left to make. In each essay, implications for researchers and practitioners are presented and opportunities for future research are discussed.
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Kolacz, Michelle S. Park. "Unpackaging Online Retail: Impact of Message Framing and Reference PoInts on Consumers' Choice of (Reduced) Packaging and Brand Attitude." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1587337288243754.
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Ahmed, Rana R. "Performance Modelling and Analysis of a New CoMP-based Handover Scheme for Next Generation Wireless Networks. Performance Modelling and Analysis for the Design and Development of a New Handover Scheme for Cell Edge Users in Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) Based on the Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Joint Transmission (JT) Technique." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16785.
Full textAbstract:
Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) will be one of main problems for degrading the performance of future wireless networks at cell edge. This adverse situation will become worst in the presence of dense deployment of micro and macro cells. In this context, the Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technique was introduced to mitigate ICI in Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) and increase their network performance at cell edge. Even though the CoMP technique provides satisfactory solutions of various problems at cell edge, nevertheless existing CoMP handover schemes do not prevent unnecessary handover initialisation decisions and never discuss the drawbacks of CoMP handover technique such as excessive feedback and resource sharing among UEs. In this research, new CoMP-based handover schemes are proposed in order to minimise unnecessary handover decisions at cell edge and determine solution of drawbacks of CoMP technique in conjunction with signal measurements such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Received Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). A combination of calculations of RSRP and RSRQ facilitate a credible decision making process of CoMP mode and handover mode at cell edge. Typical numerical experiments indicate that by triggering the CoMP mode along with solutions of drawbacks, the overall network performance is constantly increase as the number of unnecessary handovers is progressively reduced.
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Praxmarer, Matthias [Verfasser], Matthias [Gutachter] Sutter, and Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach. "The role of social cues and social reference points in economic decision-making / Matthias Praxmarer ; Gutachter: Matthias Sutter, Bettina Rockenbach." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1188406515/34.
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Zheng, Jun. "Elicitation des Préférences pour des Modèles d'Agrégation basés sur des Points de référence : Algorithmes et Procédures." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740655.
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L'Aide Multicritère à la Décision (AMCD) vise à aider un décideur (DM) confronté à un problème de décision impliquant plusieurs objectifs contradictoires. Les préférences du DM jouent un rôle important au sein du processus d'aide à la décision, puisque les recommandations ne sont pertinentes et acceptables que si le système de valeurs du DM est pris en considération. Un outil d'élicitation des préférences est donc nécessaire pour aider l'analyste à intégrer les préférences du DM de façon appropriée dans les modèles de décision. Nous sommes intéressés par le développement d'outils d'élicitation des préférences pour deux modèles d'agrégation basés sur des points de référence à savoir Electre Tri et une méthode de Rangement basé sur des Points de Référence multiples (RPM). Tout d'abord, nous considérons Electre Tri en utilisant la règle d'affectation optimiste. Nous proposons un outil d'élicitation des préférences, qui infère les paramètres de préférence de ce modèle à partir d'exemples d'affectation du DM, et analyse également la robustesse des affectations résultant de la nature imprécise de l'information préférentiel. En second lieu, un outil d'élicitation des préférences est développé pour le problème de sélection de portefeuille formulée comme des problèmes de tri contraint en utilisant Electre Tri. Les préférences du DM à la fois au niveau individuel et au niveau du portefeuille sont considérés pour infère le modèle Electre Tri. Le modèle élicité évalue intrinsèquement les individus et sélectionne simultanément un portefeuille satisfaisant comme un groupe. Troisièmement, nous nous intéressons à l'élicitation des préférences pour le modèle RPM, qui détermine un pré-ordre comparant des alternatives avec des points de référence. Nous proposons un outil qui infère un modèle RPM parcimonieux à partir de comparaisons par paires du DM. Enfin, trois web services implémentent des outils d'élicitation des préférences pour Electre Tri et ont été intégrées au logiciel de Decision Deck. Les outils d'élicitation des préférences proposés consistent en des algorithmes qui résolvent des programmes linéaires en nombres mixtes. Des expériences numériques approfondies ont été réalisées pour étudier la performance et le comportement des outils d'élicitation proposées. Ces expériences éclairent sur l'applicabilité pratique de ces outils. De plus, les outils ont été appliqués avec succès à trois cas.
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Lin, Yu-Yun, and 林昱昀. "Histogram Data Hiding Scheme Based on Image Segmentation and References Point." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03315684406665358567.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>資訊工程系<br>102<br>With the advent of network technology, people exchange their information via the Internet. In general, people can transmit their secret messages by encryption techniques. However, such an encrypted message can be observed by the outsiders to be aware of the existence of some secret. To conceal the existence of a secret, one way is to use the data hiding technology which embeds a secret into a cover image, after that, the image is called as stego-image. It is more difficult for a malicious third party being aware of the existence of a secret in a transmitted stego-image.
The paper proposes a data hiding technology to let the stego-image have the imperceptibility as well as embedding the secret bit stream into the cover image as much as it can. Our approach extends the histogram data hiding scheme to use image segmentation and references points to have twice hiding processes to achieve the high embedding capacity. Our simulations show that the difference between the number of “0” and the number of “1” in the secret bit stream becomes large, the higher embedding capacity can have. In summary, our approach not only has good imperceptibility(PSNR≧39.49dB) but also has high embedding capacity(≧2.98Bpp).
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CHANG, YI-CHI, and 張意綺. "To the reference point." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w4zm8t.
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碩士<br>實踐大學<br>建築設計學系碩士班<br>106<br>The “journey to a blessed life” starts.
“It is cut loose and may be happy ever after, but it is a possibility, not an answer.”
One forgets where he is in the blurriness of waking up, but knows clearly that point far far away.
This is how a day starts every day.
Celestial bodies in the vast space are light years away from one another and yet they are shining to one another as if it were an illusion.
They look connected but independent at the same time.
How is one going to receive a dialogue from afar?
How is an idea conveyed without losing its true meaning?
It seems that fate has a part in it.
Hopefully, everything can be left behind so one can fly like a bird, resisting slightly the gravity that is not meant to be defied.
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Madi, Mohsen M. "Arclength approximation for reference-point generation." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19228.
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Dawson, Jennifer Anne. "Pulse oximetry during neonatal transition: the POINT studies." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7140.
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The objectives for the first part of this thesis were to describe changes in oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in newly born infants in the delivery room (DR) and to illustrate the changes using centile reference charts. The objective of the second part of the thesis was to investigate whether infants < 29 weeks gestation who receive positive pressure ventilation (PPV), immediately after birth with a T-piece have higher SpO2 measurements at five minutes than infants ventilated with a self inflating bag (SIB).<br>Study Design. A prospective observational study was used to achieve the first objectives. For the second part of the thesis I coordinated a randomised, controlled trial of two devices used for resuscitation of extremely preterm infants in the DR where the primary outcome measure was SpO2.<br>Patients and methods. In all studies a Masimo Radical pulse oximeter (PO) was placed on the infant’s right hand/wrist immediately after birth. PO data (oxygen saturation, HR and signal quality) were downloaded every 2 sec and analysed only when the signal had no alarm messages (low IQ signal, low perfusion, sensor off, ambient light).<br>Results. Observational studies: The dataset to develop the reference range charts included 61,650 data points from 468 infants. Infants had a mean (range) gestational age of 38 (25-42) weeks and birthweight 2970 (625-5135) g. For all 468 infants at one minute the 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th and 97th centiles were 29%, 39%, 66%, 87% and 92%; at two minutes 34%, 46%, 73%, 91% and 95% and at five minutes 59%, 73%, 89%, 97% and 98%. It took a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0 to 10) minutes to reach a SpO2 > 90%. SpO2 of preterm infants rose more slowly than that of term infants. At one min the median (IQR) HR was 82 (66 to 138) bpm rising at two min and five min to 151 (112 to 169) bpm and 166 (148 to 176) bpm respectively. In preterm infants, the SpO2 and HR rose more slowly than term infants.<br>Randomised trial: Forty nine infants were randomly allocated to the T-piece and 50 to the SIB. Ten infants did not receive PPV, 4 (8%) in the T-piece group and 6 (12%) in the SIB group and were not included in the analysis. Forty-one infants received PPV with a T-piece and 39 with a SIB. At 5 minutes after birth there was no significant difference between the mean (SD) SpO2 in the T-piece and SIB groups [50 (31)% vs. 53 (25)%, (p=0.73)]. More T-piece infants received oxygen during DR resuscitation (100% vs. 90%, p=0.04). There was no significant difference between the groups in the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); endotracheal intubation or administration of surfactant in the DR. Fewer of the T-piece group who left the DR on CPAP were intubated in the first 24 hrs after birth. (7% vs. 23%, p=0.05).<br>Conclusion. The centile charts developed in this thesis provide a reference range for SpO2 and HR in the first 10 minutes after birth for preterm and term infants. In the randomised trial there was no significant difference in SpO2 at five minutes after birth in extremely preterm infants given PPV with a T-piece or a SIB.
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Kaur, Ramneet. "Connection probability in reference point group mobility model." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/661.
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In ad hoc wireless mobile networks, the mobility of wireless nodes plays a significant
role in evaluating the network’s performance. As the nodes are mobile there is a frequent
transition between the connections of nodes from up to down state. It is essential to know the likeliness of having a connection between different nodes and the parameters on which the connection probability depends in order to have a better performance of the mobile networks.
This thesis presents such an approach to evaluate the likeliness of having connections
amongst the nodes in ad hoc mobile network. In this study a mathematical model is proposed for evaluating one hop connection probability between nodes of different groups. The mathematical model is devised for a specific group mobility model, known as Reference Point Group Mobility model (RPGM) which can be used to simulate the networks where node co-ordinate with each other.
The mathematical model is based on the results of ongoing research in the field of mobile
ad hoc networks. It provides a relationship between different network parameters which
sufficiently determine the connection probability in reference point group mobility model. This work demonstrates the impact of different parameters on connection probability. Furthermore, the graphical results are used to illustrate the behavior of connection probability in RPGM.
It is found that connection probability of directly connected nodes of two different
groups’ increases with decrease in the difference between mean locations of the two groups. Second observation is that as the mobile nodes move with higher velocity, the nodes break their intergroup connections quickly which result in lower connection probability and vice versa. The study also suggests that as range of nodes increases, the connection probability increases.
The mathematical model developed in this thesis work can be used to determine the
values of various network parameters for required connection probability in a mobile wireless network. The practical use of this thesis work can be found in determining the connection probability in real world scenarios like disaster recovery where two or more groups need to interact with each other. Another useful application is in military scenario where member are divided in different groups and they interact with each other. In such scenarios the devised model can be used to set values of different network parameters such as velocity of mobile nodes, transmission range etc. to have required connection probability in the network.<br>Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering.<br>"December 2006."
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Lu, Bing-Sung, and 呂秉松. "Prototyping OpenCL Reference Designs with Fixed-Point Feature Sets." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88rkpe.
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