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Journal articles on the topic 'References'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Katz, Barbara. "In Reference to References." Emergency Medicine News 31, no. 2 (2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000345626.37260.3b.

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O'Connor, Maeve. "With Reference to References." Physiology 6, no. 6 (1991): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1991.6.6.288.

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Uniformity in reference style would help authors to concentrate on correct citations, which is far more important for the whole system of assigning credit in science than the correct placing of every comma and space in the reference list. The goal of uniformity is at last in sight.
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3

Nolen, David S. "Publication and Language Trends of References in Spanish and Latin American Literature." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl12-372.

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This study examined references found in three journals in the field of Spanish and Latin American literary studies. Few previous studies have examined types of publishers producing highly cited/referenced books. The data indicate that the primary publishers of scholarly monographs referenced in the journals are U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and foreign popular trade presses. U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and government entities published most of the volumes of collected essays referenced. Scholarly monographs published outside the U.S. represented the largest proportions of references, with large growth in references to volumes of collected essays published in the United States. References to English-language materials increased significantly from 1970 to 2000.
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4

Keng, Arlene, and Rebecca M. R. Coley. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Citations in Drug Promotional Brochures." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 11 (1994): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402801102.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of statements cited in 3 × 5 inch promotional cards for the 50 most frequently prescribed drugs. MEASUREMENTS: The 50 most frequently prescribed drugs were identified in the April 1992 issue of Pharmacy Times. File cards were requested from the pharmaceutical companies. References in the file card were retrieved and cited statements identified. Criteria used to evaluate reference accuracy were: type of study design, use of peer review journals, retrievability of references in area libraries, and reference documentation as no error, major error, or minor error. Referenced statements were classified as correct, incorrect, misleading, or taken from the abstract, discussion, or conclusion section of a study. RESULTS: Of the 50 most frequently prescribed products, 21 file cards were obtained. One hundred forty-two cited references were retrieved (average ± SD per file card 6.9 ± 8.4). Three hundred thirty-four cited statements were verified (average per file card 15.9 ± 24.7). Forty-two percent of references were human controlled trials, 17 percent not available, 11 percent review articles, 10 percent manufacturer information, 8 percent human uncontrolled, 4 percent nonhuman controlled, 3 percent retrospective, 2 percent tertiary literature, 1 percent epidemiologic studies, 1 percent prospective, and 1 percent editorial. Thirty-three percent of references were found in peer-review journals. Of all cited references, 73 percent were retrievable. Thirty-nine references were not retrievable: 24 were not held by local libraries and 15 were manufacturers' information. Eighty-five percent of references contained no errors in reference documentation. For accuracy of statements, 46.1 percent were correct, 29 percent not available, 15.3 percent misleading, 4.2 percent incorrect, and 5.4 percent were cited from the abstract, discussion, or conclusion section of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Most references cited in pharmaceutical promotional brochures referenced controlled studies that are retrievable. However, incorporation of more adequately controlled studies, more references from peer review journals, and careful evaluation of referenced statements by the pharmaceutical company, journals' editorial board, Food and Drug Administration, and healthcare professionals may be beneficial.
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Hui, Aika, Luke Sheridan Rains, Anita Todd, Annette Boaz, and Sonia Johnson. "The accuracy and accessibility of cited evidence: a study examining mental health policy documents." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 1 (2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01786-8.

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Abstract Purpose Evidence-based policy making is increasingly being advocated by governments and scholars. To show that policies are informed by evidence, policy-related documents that cite external sources should ideally provide direct access to, and accurately represent, the referenced source and the evidence it provides. Our aim was to find a way to systematically assess the prevalence of referencing accuracy and accessibility issues in referenced statements selected from a sample of mental health-related policy documents. Method 236 referenced statements were selected from 10 mental health-related policy documents published between 2013 and 2018. Policy documents were chosen as the focus of this investigation because of their relative accessibility and impact on clinical practice. Statements were rated against their referenced sources in terms of the (i) content accuracy in relation to the information provided by the referenced source and (ii) degree of accessibility of the source and the required evidence from the references provided. Results Of the 236 statements, 141 (59.7%) accurately represented the referenced source, 45 (19.1%) contained major errors and 50 (21.2%) contained minor errors in accuracy. For accessibility, 126 (53.4%) directly referenced primary sources of evidence that supported the claims made, 36 (15.3%) contained indirect references, 18 (7.6%) provided ‘dead-end’ references, and 11 (4.7%) references were completely inaccessible. Conclusions With only slightly over half of all statements assessed providing fully accessible references and accurately representing the referenced source, these components of referencing quality deserve further attention if evidence-informed policy goals are to be achieved. The rating framework used in the current study proved to be a simple and straightforward method to assess these components and can provide a baseline against which interventions can be designed to improve referencing quality.
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6

Césaire, Aimé, Lee Hildreth, and Aime Cesaire. "References/References." Callaloo, no. 38 (1989): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931137.

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7

Meaike, Jesse D., Malke Asaad, Sean Cantwell, Rami Elmorsi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, and Steven L. Moran. "The Plastic Surgery In-service Training Examination: An In-depth Reference Analysis." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 9, no. 11 (2021): e3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000003639.

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Background: The goal of this study was to characterize the references provided as supporting evidence of the Plastic Surgery In-service Training Examination (PSITE) syllabi, including those on the novel “core surgical principles” section. Methods: We analyzed the references from five consecutive PSITE Examination syllabi (2016–2020). We collected the following information from each question: question section, total number of references, and source of publication of each reference. Results: We analyzed 1250 questions and 3436 references. Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery was overall the most frequently referenced journal followed by Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) and Annals of Plastic Surgery. The most commonly referenced textbooks were Plastic Surgery (by Neligan), Green’s Operative Hand Surgery, and Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery. Regarding the “core surgical principles” section, Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery remained the most frequently cited journal, followed by the Journal of the American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, Annals, and Aesthetic Surgery Journal. “Core surgical principles” contained the largest number of unique journals (n = 209) among all test sections. Within the “core” section, Statistics in Medicine was the most frequently referenced textbook followed by Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery. Conclusions: The main plastic surgery texts and literature were used to support approximately half of the answers within the “core surgical principles” section. The references within this section originated from the largest number of different journals, thus highlighting the breadth and variety of this content and the challenges in preparing for this section.
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Dahlvik, Julia, Yvonne Franz, Myrte Hoekstra, and Josef Kohlbacher. "REFERENCES - ONLINE REFERENCES." ISR-Forschungsberichte 46 (2017): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/isr_fb046s86.

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9

Yokokohji, Yasuyoshi. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in telerobotics." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.906.

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10

Yoshikawa, Tsuneo. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in manipulation." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.910.

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11

Shimoyama, Isao. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in micromachines." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 913–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.913.

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12

Pelsmaeker, Daniel A. A., Aron Zwaan, Casper Bach, and Arjan J. Mooij. "Language-Parametric Reference Synthesis." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 9, OOPSLA1 (2025): 1213–38. https://doi.org/10.1145/3720481.

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Modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) offer automated refactorings to aid programmers in developing and maintaining software. However, implementing sound automated refactorings is challenging, as refactorings may inadvertently introduce name-binding errors or cause references to resolve to incorrect declarations. To address these issues, previous work by Schäfer et al. proposed replacing concrete references with _locked references_ to separate binding preservation from transformation. Locked references vacuously resolve to a specific declaration, and after transformation must be replaced with concrete references that also resolve to that declaration. Synthesizing these references requires a faithful inverse of the name lookup functions of the underlying language. Manually implementing such inverse lookup functions is challenging due to the complex name-binding features in modern programming languages. Instead, we propose to automatically derive this function from type system specifications written in the Statix meta-DSL. To guide the synthesis of qualified references we use _scope graphs_, which represent the binding structure of a program, to infer their names and discover their syntactic structure. We evaluate our approach by synthesizing concrete references for locked references in 2528 Java, 196 ChocoPy, and 49 Featherweight Generic Java test programs. Our approach yields a principled language-parametric method for synthesizing references.
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13

Osuka, Koichi. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in robot control." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.882.

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14

Yoneda, Kan. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in legged locomotion." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.897.

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15

Tsubouchi, Takashi. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in mobile robotics." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.902.

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16

Hirukawa, Hirohisa. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in geometric algorithms." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 915–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.915.

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17

Huang, Xue-Feng. "Reference limits: limited references in laboratories worldwide." Asian Journal of Andrology 12, no. 3 (2010): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.30.

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18

Egan, Katie G., and Megan A. Moreno. "Alcohol References on Undergraduate Males’ Facebook Profiles." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 5 (2011): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988310394341.

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Perceived peer alcohol use is a predictor of consumption in college males; frequent references to alcohol on Facebook may encourage alcohol consumption. Content analysis of college males’ Facebook profiles identified references to alcohol. The average age of 225 identified profiles was 19.9 years. Alcohol references were present on 85.3% of the profiles; the prevalence of alcohol was similar across each undergraduate grade. The average number of alcohol references per profile was 8.5 but increased with undergraduate year ( p = .003; confidence interval = 1.5, 7.5). Students who were of legal drinking age referenced alcohol 4.5 times more than underage students, and an increase in number of Facebook friends was associated with an increase in displayed alcohol references ( p < .001; confidence interval = 0.009, 0.02). Facebook is widely used in the college population; widespread alcohol displays on Facebook may influence social norms and cause increases in male college students’ alcohol use.
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19

Seidelmann, P. K., E. J. Santoro, and K. F. Pulkkinen. "Systematic differences between planetary observations and ephemerides." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 114 (1986): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900148041.

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20

Nakamura, Yoshihiko. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in kinematics and dynamics." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.878.

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21

Shirai, Yoshiaki. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in image processing board." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.886.

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22

Kaneko, Makoto. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in multi-fingered hand." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.889.

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23

Hasegawa, Tsutomu. "References of references in Robotics. References of references in teaching and planning." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 7 (1998): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.918.

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24

Katz, Barbara. "In Reference to References: An Essential Sales Tool." Emergency Medicine News 31, no. 4 (2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000349237.62632.fc.

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25

STEININGER, SILVIA. "What's Human Rights Got To Do With It? An Empirical Analysis of Human Rights References in Investment Arbitration." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 1 (2017): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000528.

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AbstractThis article provides a framework for systematically analyzing the practice, function, and consequences of human rights references in investment arbitration. In recent years, investment arbitration witnessed an enormous increase of references to external sources. References to human rights are especially interesting as they defy the alleged inherent conflict of investment and human rights, as well as the presumed fragmentation of international law. By applying both quantitative and qualitative approaches, I analyze how and why human rights references are employed in investor-state arbitration and, ultimately, whether they are able to remedy the legitimacy crisis of investment arbitration.The empirical analysis is based on 46 awards, which include explicit references to human rights instruments. In the first part, this article examines which human rights instruments are referenced in investment arbitration and how the disputing parties as well as the tribunal engage in human rights referencing. In the second step, the article identifies two strategic functions of referencing human rights: guidance in the determination of substantive provisions and argumentative practice. This article further argues that, from a comparative law perspective, references may help to overcome the indetermination of investment treaties, provide for the balancing of investment and non-investment concerns, and ensure cross-regime consistency. In the third step, this article elaborates on whether those presumed benefits of referencing human rights can be confirmed on the basis of empirical results. It remains to be seen whether the ‘pick and choose’ approach of human rights references is capable of uncovering this legitimating potential.
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26

Helbock, Harold J. "Letter to the Editor." Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (1994): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.1.136.

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I acknowledge the reports referenced by Drs Reynolds and Hanna.1,2 These presentations indeed raised the issue of adrenal insufficiency in ill premature infants. Given the limits of space I deleted reference to the Portland Group's abstract when I added their full publication.3 For the same reason, other references were included only as required by the text. I regret and apologize for any inadvertent discourtesy resulting from my choice of references. We agree that it is important to recognize adrenal abnormalities in the small premature infant.
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27

Bremer, Hanna. "Appendix and References." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 54, no. 1 (2010): 312–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/54/2010/312.

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Terszak, Mary R. "References." Contemporary Nurse 27, s (2007): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2007.27.s.151.

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29

Guilmet. "References." American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Monograph, no. 2 (1989): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian/mono02.1989.131.

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Regan, Roddy, and Ewan Campbell. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 99 (July 15, 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2022.99.107-112.

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Paperno, Denis. "References." Mandenkan, no. 51 (June 1, 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mandenkan.549.

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Rudebeck, Carl Edvard. "References." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 10, sup1 (1992): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02813439209014093.

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33

Russell et al., Don E. "References." Rangifer 13, no. 5 (1993): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.13.5.1065.

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Hanson, William S. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 98 (May 30, 2022): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2022.98.190-199.

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Petersen, Erik Brinch. "References." Acta Archaeologica 86, no. 1 (2015): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/16000390-08601015.

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Okada, Kenkichi. "References." Solid State Phenomena 34 (September 1993): 211–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.34.211.

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Office, Editorial. "References." Verbum et Ecclesia 38, no. 3 (2017): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v38i3.1941.

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Office, Editorial. "References." Verbum et Ecclesia 38, no. 4 (2017): 267–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v38i4.1944.

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Wickham-Jones, Caroline. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 97 (November 8, 2021): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.97.190-196.

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O'Connell, Chris, and Sue Anderson. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 93 (February 22, 2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.93.133-138.

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Johnson, Melanie, Catherine Flitcroft, and Lucy Verrill. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 94 (March 22, 2021): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.94.50-52.

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Engl, Rob, and John Gooder. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 96 (August 2, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.96.86-91.

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McGalliard, Sue, and Donald Wilson. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 95 (July 5, 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.95.35-39.

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Juel, Christian. "References." Acta Archaeologica 86, no. 1 (2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/16000390-08601019.

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Acta Archaeologica, Editors. "References." Acta Archaeologica 85, no. 2 (2014): 73–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/16000390-08502003.

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46

Hatherley, Candy. "References." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 92 (June 12, 2020): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2020.92.59-62.

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Three archaeological excavations were undertaken by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd within the grounds of Doune Primary School in Stirlingshire, each located on the site of Doune Roman fort. These excavations revealed sections through triple-ditched defences, elements of the turf rampart and the perimeter road (via sagularis) on both the west and east sides of the fort. Within the interior of the fort the partial foundations of seven buildings were recovered, including barracks blocks, a corridored building that may represent a workshop (fabrica) and a stable-barracks to accommodate a cavalry squadron (turma). The everyday life of the fort was also revealed, with a series of ovens and an iron-smelting shaft furnace, a first for Roman Scotland. A range of pits were also identified, including some which are likely to be related to the demolition of the fort as it was decommissioned. Artefacts confirm that the fort was built and occupied during the Flavian occupation of Scotland between AD 80 and 86–7.
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47

Fifth, Forbes. "References." Forbes & Fifth 5 (April 25, 2014): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/forbes5.2014.62.

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Pogrebneac, Tatiana. "Serviciile de referinţe în bibliotecile universitare: experienţe mondiale, naţionale, locale=Reference services in University libraries: world, national, local experiences." October 18, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7220792.

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The reference is a complicated process with many steps and strategies to search for information, being required for all types of libraries. However, the unit of measurement in the reference services is also the references. Bibliographic references can be presented in written and oral form. This method is an effective evaluation tool, which results in the improvement of the activity of reference librarians and with advantageous influences on the image in the society or community of the library.
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"Referencias generales General references." Cognitiva 10, no. 1 (1998): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021435598760389334.

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Schaare, Donna, Kendra Allison, Kara Skorge, et al. "“Living with” CACNA1A-related hemiplegic migraine, a disease concept model." Frontiers in Neurology 15 (November 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1460187.

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IntroductionCACNA1A-related Hemiplegic Migraine (HM) is a rare neurological disorder distinguished by paroxysmal episodes of hemiparesis/hemiplegia with and without headache. Clinical features have been widely characterized, yet the impacts of the paroxysmal events on the patient and caregiver have not been thoroughly explored. Disease concept models are formal frameworks used to describe the lived experiences of patients and their families, offering a source for surrogate endpoints for clinical trials.MethodsWe completed 13 semi-structured interviews with caregivers of 12 individuals diagnosed with CACNA1A-related HM. We methodically coded themes, grouping concepts into three domains. We measured the occurrence of concepts throughout all interviews and subgroups stratified by age categories.ResultsOver 11 h of interviews yielded 2,018 references to 27 distinct concepts. Established symptoms such as seizures (87 references; including status epilepticus 27 references), hemiparesis/hemiplegia (24 references), and unconsciousness (17 references) were referenced, as well as previously underreported symptoms such as apneic episodes (32 references), lost ability to eat (13 references), and vascular access challenges (10 references). The symptom impacts were largely medical (294 references), followed by health (101 references), emotional (36 references), daily living (28 references), and social (26 references). Caregiver impacts were the most referenced domain (995 references), with the pivotal effects seen in caregiver requirements (355 references), emotional (245 references), HM treatments (179 references), daily living (148 references), and health support (135 references).DiscussionCACNA1A-related HM is a complex disorder defined by serious paroxysmal events that affects a broad range of social and clinical domains. We systematically classified symptoms and impacts from HM episodes, creating a disease concept model to help develop surrogate endpoints for future clinical trials, and identified two opportunities to improve patient management, including a written emergency protocol and a transition plan for adolescents approaching adulthood.
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