Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Référentiel spatial'
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Gueguen, Marc. "Intégration multisensorielle et variabilité interindividuelle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659199.
Full textFeliachi, Abdelfettah. "Interconnexion et visualisation de ressources géoréférencées du Web de données à l’aide d’un référentiel topographique de support." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1179/document.
Full textMany resources published on the Web of data are related to spatial references that describe their location. These spatial references are a valuable asset for interlinking and visualizing data over the Web. However, these spatial references may be presented with different levels of detail and different geometric modelling from one data source to another. These differences are a major challenge for using geometries comparison as a criterion for interlinking georeferenced resources. This challenge is even amplified more due to the open and often volunteered nature of the data that causes geometric heterogeneities between the resources of a same data source. Furthermore, Web mapping applications of georeferenced data are limited when it comes to visualize data at different scales.In this PhD thesis, we propose a vocabulary for formalizing the knowledge about the characteristics of every single geometry in a dataset. We propose a semi-automatic approach for acquiring this knowledge by using geographic reference data. Then, we propose to use this knowledge in approach for adapting dynamically the setting of the comparison of each pair of geometries during an interlinking process. We propose an additional interlinking approach based on geographic reference data for detecting n:m links between data sources. Finally, we propose Web mapping applications for georeferenced resources that remain readable at different map scales
Bailleux, Christine. "Identification de formes ambigue͏̈s : approche différentielle des référentiels spatiaux d'orientation." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE29022.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose a new point of view of the reference frame theory. Cognitive psychologists and differential psychologists were interested in spatial reference frames but their points of view were rarely associated. This work tried to bring together reference frame theory and cognitive style of field-dependence-independence (fdi). The emphasis was placed on the necessity to take into account orientation and identification processing and individual differences in identification of ambiguous shapes. The general hypothesis was that the cognitive style influence the resolution of identification task when ambiguity was due ambiguous orientation. Field dependent subjects were dependent to visual reference both in identification and orientation tasks. The empirical results were analysed in two directions: the influence of visual context and the effect of modulation of postural balance. Results were congruent with theoretical hypotheses but a last research , concerned pop-out treisman's paradigm, led to re-analyse all the results in terms of visual-spatial attention theory and differential attentional demands
Prieur, Jean-Michel. "Orientation spatiale : Référentiels égocentrique et géocentrique et intégration multi-sansorielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2004AIX22088.pdf.
Full textBourdeaud'Hui, Marc. "Posture oculaire et référentiels spatiaux : perception d'une stimulation cutanée latéralisée." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10150.
Full textRevol, Jean-Luc. "Etude et réalisation d'un générateur d'illusions sensorielles : application : modélisation de la gestion des référentiels spatiaux." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10062.
Full textGuillonneau-Bonan, Isabelle. "La perception visuelle de la verticalité après accident vasculaire cérébral : rôle du référentiel visuel : incidence sur l'équilibre." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066274.
Full textOhlmann, Théophile. "Perception de la verticale : variabilité interindividuelle dans la dépendance à l'égard des référentiels spatiaux." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080302.
Full textThe necessarly continuous control of the upright gives rise to specific vicarious processes linked to spatial behaviours as a whole. As it is present both in ego-centered postural space and in allo-centered object space, the upright operates unification of the two spaces by a sort of "tuning". Compatibility of these two modes of spatial encoding is probably ensured by the gravitational invariant. The first part (reference frames) contains four chapters. The first reviews the main biological and methodological notions used in this field of research. The next three chapters focus on the three basic spatial reference frames (visual, gravitational and ego-centered). One of their fundamental characteristics is that one can be substituted for another (or others) each of them beeing both sufficient and not necessary. The four chapters of the second part (equipowerful vicarious processes) presents a differential approach to the selection and control of reference frames. There are, in fact, stable individual differences in implicit preference for a reference frame linked to a given sensory system equipowerful vicarious processes are analysed in the fifth chapter. Their direct implications(i) lack of general aptitude to perceive the upright, (ii) absence of correlations between visuopostural conflicts and other intermodal conflicts-are dealt with in the sixth and seventh chapters. Chapter eight discusses the postural origin of these vicarious processe involved in the perception of the upright
Hartnagel, David. "La perception de l'espace multisensoriel appréhendée par l'étude de la fusion visuo-auditive : les effets de la dissociation des référentiels spatiaux." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/135521491#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFrames of reference dissociation effect on the multisensory space is estimated in a Visual-Auditory (VA) fusion task. Godfroy et al. (2003), showed that there is a symmetrical organization of the VA space relative to the mid sagittal plane. Spatial information is coded differently in visual and auditory sensory systems, eye-centred for vision, head-centred for audition. A first experiment shows a reference frame dissociation effect, VA fusion space is symmetrically organized relative to an intermediary axis inbetween head and eye position when fixation cross is laterally shifted. In a 2nd experiment in total darkness, this effect is also found. Hence, head and eye position for VA information displays need to be accounted for. To bypass this eye position effect, a third experiment investigates allocentric visual cues influence. Again, multisensory space perception still depends on the eye-in-head position. The dissociation of egocentric reference frames effect on VA fusion is robust and regular, visual cues provided by the environment are not so relevant. These results confirm that VA fusion is an integrative phenomenon; it depends on the spatial coding of each sensory modality. VA reference frame seems not to reflect an intermediate stage in a reference frame transformation from head-centred to eye-centred, but rather as electrophysiological data proposed (Snyder, 2005), an idiosyncratic representation of space
Tyndiuk, Florence. "Référentiels spatiaux des tâches d'interaction et caractéristiques de l'utilisateur influençant la performance en réalité virtuelle : Florence Tyndiuk." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21269.
Full textIn virtual reality, to adapt interfaces to users, two dimensions must be studied : the task and the user. The first dimension deals with interaction tasks in virtual reality, more precisely manipulation and locomotion. The study and the comparison of spatial properties of virtual and real environments allow us to propose tasks hierarchical models which show problematical interaction situations for users. Depending on these problematical situations, a designer should be forced movement or help interaction. The main identified difficulty is to adapt the interface to spatial user's frame of reference (egocentric, exocentric). The second dimension concerns the identification of user's characteristics, which have an influence on performance depending on the task (locomotion, manipulation) and the interface (immersive in visual way and partial-immersive in a visual way). Concerning the partial-immersive situation, the interface is used with two displays : a desktop monitor or a large display. The field of view is kept constant. This study shows the impact on performance of spatial capacities, field dependence and video game experience, in different tasks and with different interfaces. We show also that a large display can help to have a high level of performance and decrease the impact of spatial capacities impact
Zurita, Julio. "Styles cognitifs et processus d'acquisition des connaissances spatiales dans des environnements cartographiques : encodage et traitement de l'information en mémoire de travail, construction des représentations et des référentiels au cours de la localisation et l'orientation spatiale." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30040.
Full textThe cognitive style (global vs analytical strategies) of the subjects is influenced by the performances of phonological data processing and visuo-spatial information (WM). The same is true of construction of spatial representations in route processing on both complex and simple indication levels. As soon as certain indices (semantic and iconic) are removed from these routes, the differences in spatial data processing are homogeneous whatever the strategy adopted by the subjects. It is thus possible to conclude that the difference in performance does not result solely from the perceptive mode of acquisition characterizing the cognitive style of the subjects, but also depends on the complexity and nature of the information to be processed. In addition, processing would be influenced by the mental load caused by the amount of information contained in the maps, as well as by the phenomenon of vicariance observed between strategies
Pouliquen-Lardy, Lauriane. "Collaboration à distance : étude de la compréhension mutuelle dans les environnements virtuels collaboratifs immersifs : le cas de la communication spatiale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20018/document.
Full textRemote collaborative situations in industry involve new constraints for workers. In the context of using immersive virtual environments to collaborate, we set up a series of experiments focusing on the mutual comprehension, and more specifically on the process of sharing spatial information. Results of the first experiment showed the influence of one collaborator’s role on spatial statements. Guides and manipulators both used statements preferentially centered on manipulator’s action, which supports the least collaborative effort principle. Results of two experiments about spatial statements production allowed to point out that mental workload is modulated by the target position relative to the addressee. According to the target location, the speaker must operate or not cognitively costly mental transformations to take the addressee perspective. However this workload could be lowered by means of visual cues. The last experiment focused on the understanding of spatial statements. It showed that statements centered on the addressee are the easiest to understand when the task is also centered on the addressee. Some exocentered statements could also induce a lower mental workload but only in some conditions. Results are discussed in relation to the least collaborative effort principle and the spatial frames of reference theory. This work opens new leads to facilitate remote collaboration through virtual environments
Chibane, Aziza. "Construction du symbolisme graphique et acquisition des référentiels spatiaux chez l’enfant d’âge préscolaire : étude comparée de l'influence des structures linguistiques en langue arabe et française." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H031.
Full textIn the framework of a program of research aiming to apprehend knowledge of the young child in the graphic symbolization area, our work focuses on clean effects to languages in the process of rule acquisition of constant graphic structuring by children arabic- speaking and french-speaking in the expression of relationships positionnelles static. To divulge syntactic variations entailed by the presence of the verb +to be ; sentences comprising this verb are given to represent with the help logogrammes arbitrary. Obtained productions are compared with the similar sentence representation comprising in dynamic verb on the other hand, the diversity of the semantic value of presented prepositions, entails equally graphic variations as well as of variations in the coding of the referential spacial. We make the hypothesis : w of a less good representation in the order spacial and temporal in the presence the verb +tobe; to weak tends semantic. W of a graphic presentation morphosyntaxic more precise at the french- speaking that at the arabiv considering their representation praxique more abstracted more objective. Results show a certain variability in rule + spacial order; and +location ; between arabophones and french-speaking as well as of differences in the type of coding of the referential spacial. The diversity of performances intergroupe realized by child of the same ages is linked not to a cognitive factor but a linguistic factor
Tyndiuk, Florence. "Référentiels Spatiaux des Tâches d'Interaction et Caractéristiques de l'Utilisateur influençant la Performance en Réalité Virtuelle." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162297.
Full textLa première concerne les tâches d'interaction en réalité virtuelle, plus particulièrement la manipulation et la locomotion. L'étude et la comparaison des propriétés spatiales des environnements réels et virtuels nous permettent de proposer des modèles hiérarchiques de ces tâches, spécifiant les configurations d'interaction problématiques pour un utilisateur. En fonction de ces configurations problématiques, un concepteur devra contraindre le déplacement ou aider l'interaction. La principale difficulté que nous avons identifiée est l'adaptation de l'interface aux référentiels spatiaux de l'utilisateur (égocentrique, exocentrique).
La seconde dimension concerne l'identification des caractéristiques de l'utilisateur influençant la performance en fonction de la tâche (locomotion vs. manipulation) et de l'interface (immersive visuellement vs. peu immersive visuellement). Pour la configuration n'induisant que peu d'immersion visuelle, un écran d'ordinateur et un grand écran sont utilisés, l'angle de vue de l'utilisateur est conservé constant. Cette étude montre l'impact sur la performance d'interaction des capacités spatiales, de la dépendance-indépendance à l'égard du champ et de l'expérience en jeu vidéo, pour différentes interfaces et tâches. Nous montrons notamment qu'un grand écran peut soutenir la performance et minimiser l'influence des capacités spatiales sur celle-ci.
Bourrelly, Aurore. "Influences égocentrées sur la perception de l'espace géocentré : objectivation au travers de l'estimation du franchissement d'obstacles hauts." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22046.
Full textPerceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space
Costes, Benoît. "Vers la construction d'un référentiel géographique ancien : un modèle de graphe agrégé pour intégrer, qualifier et analyser des réseaux géohistoriques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1032/document.
Full textThe increasing availability of geohistorical data, particularly through the development of collaborative projects is a first step towards the design of a representation of space and its changes over time in order to study its evolution, whether social, administrative or topographical.Geohistorical data extracted from various and heterogeneous sources are highly inaccurate, uncertain or inexact according to the existing terminology. Before being processed, such data should be qualified and spatialized.In this thesis, we propose a solution to this issue by producing reference data. In particular, we focus on Paris historical street networks and its evolution between the end of the XVIIIth and the end of the XIXth centuries.Our proposal is based on a merged structure of multiple representations of data capable of modelling spatial networks at different times, providing tools such as pattern detection in order to criticize, qualify and eventually correct data and sources without using ground truth data but the comparison of data with each other through the merging process.Then, we use the produced reference data to spatialize and integrate other geohistorical data such as social data, by proposing new approaches of data matching and geocoding
Mars, Franck. "LA DESORIENTATION SPATIALE EN AERONAUTIQUE : Apport des Neurosciences intégratives à la conception des postes de pilotage." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364838.
Full textBeclard, Julien. "Politique spatiale européenne: vers une deuxième européanisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209507.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Simonnet, Mathieu. "Apport de la réalité virtuelle pour la coordination des référentiels spatiaux chez les aveugles : SeaTouch, un logiciel de navigation haptique et auditif pour la préparation d'itinéraire à la voile par les marins non-voyants." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437301.
Full textBon, Bérénice. "Quand le métro rencontre la ville : échelles et cadres d'action d'un grand projet à Delhi." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0089.
Full textBy analysing the conception and the implementation of an infrastructure megaproject, this thesis will contribute to a better understanding of the changes as well as the continuities in the actual restructuration phase of Indian cities in terms of governance, urbanism practices and urban development, the management of the social effects of urban policies. In India, the twenty on-going projects of metro rail request a considerable amount of financial investment and are associated with real estate developements. As scholars consider megaprojects symbolic to urban management neoliberal reforms, the Delhi metro case shows the decisive role of the central State and the affirmation of its state-led model. Conspicuously, it aims to maintain efficiency in the decision-making and implementation processes by imposing a frame to private investors with specific instruments, and spatial engineering processes. The role played by specialized agencies (in charge of transports and urban planning) in the urban development is more and more important through the direct control of the central and the federal States. The dominant référentiel to manage urban issues is technical engineering which is not confined to parastatal agencies but rather legitimized at the highest political levels. The management of the social and spatial impacts of the megaproject falls to the local scale in the hands of politicians and local communities, far from the arenas where the megaproject is decided