Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reflectance fields

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reflectance fields'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Meka, Abhimitra, Christian Häne, Rohit Pandey, Michael Zollhöfer, Sean Fanello, Graham Fyffe, Adarsh Kowdle, et al. "Deep reflectance fields." ACM Transactions on Graphics 38, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3306346.3323027.

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Fuchs, Martin, Volker Blanz, Hendrik P. A. Lensch, and Hans-Peter Seidel. "Adaptive sampling of reflectance fields." ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, no. 2 (June 2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1243980.1243984.

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Weyrich, T., H. Pfister, and M. Gross. "Rendering Deformable Surface Reflectance Fields." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 11, no. 01 (January 2005): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2005.14.

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Fieuzal, Remy, Vincent Bustillo, David Collado, and Gerard Dedieu. "Potential of Sentinel-2 Images for Estimating of Soil Resistivity over Agricultural Fields." Proceedings 24, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecg2019-06219.

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The aim of this study is to assess the possibilities of the VNIR (Visible and Near InfraRed) and SWIR (Short Wavelength InfraRed) satellite data for estimating intra-plot patterns of soil electrical resistivity consistent with ground measurements. The methodology is based on optical reflectances that constitute the input variables of random forest, alone or in combination with parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). Over a field located in southwestern France, the results show high level of accuracy for the 0–50 and 0–100 cm soil layers (with R² of 0.69 and 0.59, and a relative RMSE of 18% and 16%, respectively), the performances being lower for the 0–170 cm layer (R² of 0.39, relative RMSE of 20%). The combined use of optical reflectances with parameters derived from the DEM slightly improves the performances, whatever the considered layer. The influence of each reflectance on soil electrical resistivity estimates is finally analyzed, showing that the wavelengths acquired in the SWIR have a relative higher importance than VNIR reflectance.
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Fernández-Reche, Jesús. "Reflectance measurement in solar tower heliostats fields." Solar Energy 80, no. 7 (July 2006): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.06.006.

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Bréon, François-Marie. "Reflectance of Broken Cloud Fields: Simulation and Parameterization." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 49, no. 14 (July 1992): 1221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1221:robcfs>2.0.co;2.

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Phan, Thu Thi Thanh, Rikimaru Atsushi, Kenta Sakata, Kazuyoshi Takahashi, and Junki Abe. "Estimation of rice vegetation coverage from DVI of Landsat 7 and 8 data." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.678.

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Monitoring of rice growth is a requirement for high quality rice production. In addtion to plant height, number stem and rice leaf color, vegetation coverage (VC) which represents for percentage of ground covered by rice plant is also considered as an important index to validate rice growth. Thus, the study is to estimate rice vegetation coverage from difference vegetation index (DVI) calculated from reflectance of near-infrared and red band of Landsat 7 and 8 images. The field observations of the reflectance and the VC were carried out in two paddy rice varieties in 2013. Paddy field reflectance was observed by spectrometer Ocean Optics SD2000. The photos of paddies were taken from the height of 1 m by a digital camera in order to calculate the VC. The reflectances of paddy field corresponding to red and near-infrared bands of Landsat 7 and 8 were calculated from the field observation data. Satellite reflectance was also converted from pixel value of Landsat images. According to the data analysis, VC rapidly increased in two fields and got saturation status (VC>90%) at 65 days after transplanting (DAT) in the early July. DVI was approximately 25% when VC saturated. Additionally, DVI had strong correlation with VC with high determination coefficient (r2 =0.9) when VC was less than 90%. Thus, VC were computed from DVI, calculated from reflectances of Landsat images, using a regression model of VC and DVI. From the result of comparison between the estimated and computed VC, the possibility of estimating VC from DVI calculated from Landsat reflectance is confirmed.
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Bravo, Cédric, Dimitrios Moshou, Jonathan West, Alastair McCartney, and Herman Ramon. "Early Disease Detection in Wheat Fields using Spectral Reflectance." Biosystems Engineering 84, no. 2 (February 2003): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1537-5110(02)00269-6.

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Laferrière, A., and H. Gaonac'h. "Multifractal properties of visible reflectance fields from basaltic volcanoes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B3 (March 10, 1999): 5115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998jb900023.

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Fuchs, Martin, Hendrik P. A. Lensch, Volker Blanz, and Hans-Peter Seidel. "Superresolution Reflectance Fields: Synthesizing images for intermediate light directions." Computer Graphics Forum 26, no. 3 (September 2007): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2007.01067.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Johansson, Erik. "3D Reconstruction of Human Faces from Reflectance Fields." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2365.

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Human viewers are extremely sensitive to the appearanceof peoples faces, which makes the rendering of realistic human faces a challenging problem. Techniques for doing this have continuously been invented and evolved since more than thirty years.

This thesis makes use of recent methods within the area of image based rendering, namely the acquisition of reflectance fields from human faces. The reflectance fields are used to synthesize and realistically render models of human faces.

A shape from shading technique, assuming that human skin adheres to the Phong model, has been used to estimate surface normals. Belief propagation in graphs has then been used to enforce integrability before reconstructing the surfaces. Finally, the additivity of light has been used to realistically render the models.

The resulting models closely resemble the subjects from which they were created, and can realistically be rendered from novel directions in any illumination environment.

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Gutsche, Marcel [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Garbe. "Light Fields Reconstructing Geometry and Reflectance Properties / Marcel Gutsche ; Betreuer: Christoph Garbe." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177252864/34.

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Ang, Jason. "Offset Surface Light Fields." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1100.

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For producing realistic images, reflection is an important visual effect. Reflections of the environment are important not only for highly reflective objects, such as mirrors, but also for more common objects such as brushed metals and glossy plastics. Generating these reflections accurately at real-time rates for interactive applications, however, is a difficult problem. Previous works in this area have made assumptions that sacrifice accuracy in order to preserve interactivity. I will present an algorithm that tries to handle reflection accurately in the general case for real-time rendering. The algorithm uses a database of prerendered environment maps to render both the original object itself and an additional bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF). The algorithm performs image-based rendering in reflection space in order to achieve accurate results. It also uses graphics processing unit (GPU) features to accelerate rendering.
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Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco. "Hyperspectral proximal sensing of the botanical composition and nutrient content of New Zealand pastures : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Science." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1194.

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The potential of hyperspectral proximal sensing to quantify sward characteristics important in making critical decisions on the management of sheep and dairy pastures in New Zealand has been investigated. Hyperspectral data were acquired using an ASD FieldSpec® Pro FR spectroradiometer attached to the Canopy Pasture Probe (CAPP). The CAPP was developed to enable the collection of in situ reflectance data from New Zealand pasture canopies independent of ambient light conditions. A matt white ceramic tile was selected as a reflectance standard to be used with the CAPP, after testing a variety of materials. Pasture reflectance factor spectra between 350-2500 nm (with spectral resolutions of 3 nm between 350-1000 nm and 10 nm between 1000-2500 nm) and pasture samples were collected from six hill country and lowland areas, across all seasons (August 2006 to September 2007) in a number of regions in the North Island of New Zealand. After pre-processing (e.g. spectral averaging, de-stepping, elimination of noisy wavelengths, smoothing) the spectral data collected from sites were correlated against pasture botanical composition (expressed as proportions of grass, legume and weed) and pasture nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulphur) expressed in percentage of dry matter (%) and amount (kg ha-1) using partial least squares regressions (PLSR). The accuracy and precision of the calibrations were tested using either the full cross-validation leave-one-out method or testing datasets. Regressions were carried out using the reflectance factor data per se and after mathematical transformation, including first derivative, absorbance and continuum-removed spectra. Overall best results were obtained using the first derivative data. The quality of predictions varied greatly with the pasture attribute, site and season. Some reasonable results were achieved for the prediction of pasture grass and legume proportions when analysing samples collected during autumn (grass: R2 > 0.81 and SD/RMSEP 2.3 and legume: R2 > 0.80 and SD/RMSEP 2.2), but predicting pasture weed content was poor for all sites and seasons (R2 = 0.44 and SD/RMSEP = 1.2). The inaccurate predictions might be explained by the fact that the diversity found in the field and observed in the pasture spectral data was not taken into account in the pasture botanical separation. The potential for using proximal sensing techniques to predict pasture nutrients in situ was confirmed, with the sensing of pasture N, P and K increased by the procedure of separating the data according to the season of the year. The full potential of the technology will only be realised if a substantial dataset representing all the variability found in the field is gathered. The importance of obtaining representative datasets that embrace all the biophysical factors (e.g. pasture type, canopy structure) likely to affect the relat ionship, when building prediction calibrations, was highlighted in this research by the variance in the predictions for the same nutrient using different datasets, and by the inconsistency in the number of common wavelengths when examining the wavelengths contributing to the relationship. The ability to use a single model to predict multiple nutrients, or indeed individual nutrients, will only come through a good understanding of the factors likely to influence any calibration function. It has been demonstrated in this research that reasonably accurate and precise pasture nutrient predictions (R2 > 0.74 and SD/RMSEP 2.0) can be made from fresh in situ canopy measurements. This still falls short of the quality of the predictions reported for near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for dried, ground samples analysed under controlled laboratory conditions
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LaMarr, John Henry. "Diffuse light correction for field reflectance measurements." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279899.

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The Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona performs absolute radiometric calibration of Earth-viewing sensors using vicarious methods. The reflectance and irradiance-based methods require the nadir-view reflectance of a calibration site at sensor overpass. Errors in these reflectance data contribute directly to errors in the retrieved at sensor radiance, and therefore errors in the calibration. This research addresses two areas of improvement for the reflectance retrieval. The discreet laboratory data of the reference panel is spectrally interpolated using the measured hemispherical reflectance rather than a polynomial fit. This interpolation better fits an absorption feature of the reference material near 2200 nm. The desired reflectance is due to the directly-transmitted solar irradiance, but field measurements also include irradiance due to diffuse light. Non-lambertian properties of the reference and surface cause the ratio of the reflected total radiances to differ from the ratio of the reflected solar radiances. This difference can be corrected using additional field measurements, shaded surface/shaded-reference, output from a radiative transfer code, RTC-only, or a combination of both, shaded-reference. For the shaded-reference and RTC-only methods the shape of the bi-directional reflectance factor of the surface must be known to better than 10% to maintain a 2% accuracy for the retrievals, while the shaded-surface/shaded-reference method does not use the surface BRF. All three methods were applied to measurements of calibrated reflectance tarpaulins, and to measurements made at White Sands Missile Range. These data demonstrate that the shaded-surface/shaded-reference and RTC-only methods improve the surface reflectance retrieval, while the shaded-reference method is too sensitive to variations between the actual and modeled diffuse sky irradiance to be useful. This research represents significant improvements in the calculation of surface reflectance for vicarious calibration. The hemispherical reflectance interpolation will reduce uncertainties in the short wave infrared by 1%, and the diffuse corrections will reduce the errors in blue by 2% in some cases.
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Kusumo, Bambang Hari. "Development of field techniques to predict soil carbon, soil nitrogen and root density from soil spectral reflectance : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1015.

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The objectives of this research were to develop and evaluate a field method for in situ measurement of soil properties using visible near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS). A probe with an independent light source for acquiring soil reflectance spectra from soil cores was developed around an existing portable field spectrometer (ASD FieldSpecPro, Boulder, CO, USA; 350-2500 nm). Initial experiments tested the ability of the acquired spectra to predict plant root density, an important property in soil carbon dynamics. Reflectance spectra were acquired from soil containing ryegrass roots (Lolium multiflorum) grown in Allophanic and Fluvial Recent soils in a glasshouse pot trial. Differences in root density were created by differential nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to calibrate spectral data (pre-processed by smoothing and transforming spectra to the first derivative) against laboratory-measured root density data (wet-sieve technique). The calibration model successfully predicted root densities (r2 = 0.85, RPD = 2.63, RMSECV = 0.47 mg cm-3) observed in the pots to a moderate level of accuracy. This soil reflectance probe was then tested using a soil coring system to acquire reflectance spectra from two soils under pasture (0-60 mm soil depths) that had contrasting root densities. The PLSR calibration models for predicting root density were more accurate when soil samples from the two soils were separated rather than grouped. A more accurate prediction was found in Allophanic soils (r2 = 0.83, RPD = 2.44, RMSECV = 1.96 mg g-1) than in Fluvial Recent soils (r2 = 0.75, RPD = 1.98, RMSECV = 5.11 mg g-1). The Vis-NIRS technique was then modified slightly to work on a soil corer that could be used to measure root contents from deeper soil profiles (15- 600 mm depth) in arable land (90-day-old maize crop grown in Fluvial Recent soils). PLSR calibration models were constructed to predict the full range of maize root densities (r2 = 0.83, RPD = 2.42, RMSECV = 1.21 mg cm-3) and also soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations that had been determined in the laboratory (LECO FP- 2000 CNS Analyser; Leco Corp., St Joseph, MI, USA). Further studies concentrated on improving the Vis-NIRS technique for prediction of total C and N concentrations in differing soil types within different soil orders in the field. The soil coring method used in the maize studies was evaluated in permanent and recent pastoral soils (Pumice, Allophanic and Tephric Recent in the Taupo-Rotorua Volcanic Zone, North Island) with a wide range of soil organic matter contents resulting from different times (1-5 years) since conversion from forest soils. Without any sample preparation, other than the soil surface left after coring, it was possible to predict soil C and N concentrations with moderate success (C prediction r2 = 0.75, RMSEP = 1.23%, RPD = 1.97; N prediction r2 = 0.80, RMSEP = 0.10%, RPD = 2.15) using a technique of acquiring soil reflectance spectra from the horizontal cross-section of a soil core (H method). The soil probe was then modified to acquire spectra from the curved vertical wall of a soil core (V method), allowing the spectrometer’s field of view to increase to record the reflectance features of the whole soil sample taken for laboratory analysis. Improved predictions of soil C and N concentrations were achieved with the V method of spectral acquisition (C prediction r2 = 0.97, RMSECV = 0.21%, RPD = 5.80; N prediction r2 = 0.96, RMSECV = 0.02%, RPD = 5.17) compared to the H method (C prediction r2 = 0.95, RMSECV = 0.27%, RPD = 4.45; N prediction r2 = 0.94, RMSECV = 0.03%, RPD = 4.25). The V method was tested for temporal robustness by assessing its ability to predict soil C and N concentrations of Fluvial Recent soils under permanent pasture in different seasons. When principal component analysis (PCA) was used to ensure that the spectral dimensions (which were responsive to water content) of the data set used for developing the PLSR calibration model embraced those of the “unknown” soil samples, it was possible to predict soil C and N concentrations in “unknown” samples of widely different water contents (in May and November), with a high level of accuracy (C prediction r2 = 0.97, RMSEP = 0.36%, RPD = 3.43; N prediction r2 = 0.95, RMSEP = 0.03%, RPD = 3.44). This study indicates that Vis-NIRS has considerable potential for rapid in situ assessment of soil C, N and root density. The results demonstrate that field root densities in pastoral and arable soil can be predicted independently from total soil C, which will allow researchers to predict C sequestration from root production. The recommended “V” technique can be used to assess spatial and temporal variability of soil carbon and nitrogen within soil profiles and across the landscape. It can also be used to assess the rate of C sequestration and organic matter synthesis via root density prediction. It reduces the time, labour and cost of conventional soil analysis and root density measurement.
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Davis, Michael H. "A CCD based bidirectional spectral reflectance field instrument /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10935.

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MacArthur, Alasdair Archibald. "Field spectroscopy and spectral reflectance modelling of Calluna vulgaris." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6253.

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Boreal peatlands store carbon sequestered from the atmosphere over millennia and the importance of this and the other ecosystem services these areas provide is now widely recognised. However, a changing climate will affect these environments and, consequently, the services they provide to the global population. The rate and direction of environmental change to peatlands is currently unclear and they have not yet been included in many climate models. This may in part be due to the ecological heterogeneity and spatial extent of these areas and the sparse sampling survey methods currently adopted. Hyperspectral remote sensing from satellite platforms may in future offer an approach to surveying and do so at the high spectral and spatial resolutions necessary to infer ecological change in these peatlands. However, work is required to develop methods of analysis to determine if hyperspectral data can be used to measure the overstorey vegetation of these areas. This will require an understanding of how annual and inter-annual cyclical changes affect the peatland plant canopy reflectances that would be recorded by hyperspectral sensors and how these reflectances can be related to state variable of interest to climate scientists, ecologists and peatland managers. There are significant areas of peatland within Scotland and, as it is towards the southern extreme of the boreal peatlands, these may be an early indicator of environment change to the wider boreal region. Calluna vulgaris, a hardy dwarf shrub, is the dominant overstorey species over much of these peatlands and could serve as a proxy for ecological, and consequently, environmental change. However, little has been done to understand how variations in leaf pigments or canopy structural parameters influence the spectral reflectance of Calluna through annual and inter-annual growth and senescence cycles. Nor has much work been done to develop methods of analysis to enable images acquired by hyperspectral remote sensing to be utilised to monitor change to these Calluna dominated peatlands over time. To advance understanding of the optical properties of Calluna leaves and canopies and develop methods to analyse hyperspectral images laboratory, field and modelling studies have been carried out in time series over a number of years. The leaf and canopy parameters significantly affecting reflectance have been identified and quantified. Differences between published Chlorophyll(a+b) in vivo absorption spectra and those determined were found. Carotenoids and Anthocyanins were also identified and quantified. The absorption spectra of these pigments were incorporated into a canopy reflectance model and this was coupled to a Calluna growth model. This combined model enabled the reflectance of Calluna canopies to be modelled in daily increments through annual and inter-annual growth and senescence cycles. Reasonable results were achieved in spectral regions where reflectance changed systematically but only for homogeneous Calluna stands. However, it was noted during this research that the area of support for the spectral measurements appeared to differ from that assumed from the specification provided by the spectroradiometer manufacturers. The directional response functions (DRFs) of two spectroradiometers were investigated and wavelength, or wavelength region, specific spatial dependences were noted. The effect that the DRFs of the spectroradiometers would have on reflectances recorded from Calluna canopies was investigated through a modelling study. Errors and inaccuracies in the spectra that would be recorded from these canopies, and commonly used biochemical indices derived from them, have been quantified.
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Jenkins, Toni E. "Introgression of genes from rape to wild turnip." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1844.

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Introgression of genes from crops into ruderal populations is a multi-step process requiring sympatry, synchronous flowering, chromosomal compatibility, successful pollination and development of the zygote, germination, establishment and reproduction of hybrid progeny. The goal of this thesis was to generate data on as many steps in this process as possible and integrate them into a predictive statistical model to estimate the likelihood of successful introgression under a range of scenarios. Rape (Brassica napus) and wild turnip (B. rapa var. oleifera) were used as a model system. A homozygous dominant mutation in the rape genome conferring herbicide resistance provided a convenient marker for the study of introgression. Potential differences between wild turnip populations from a wide range of geographic locations in New Zealand were examined. Hand pollination established the genetic compatibility of rape and wild turnip and a high potential for gene introgression from rape to wild turnip. Interspecific hybrids were easily generated using wild turnip as the maternal plant, with some minor differences between wild turnip populations. The frequency of successful hybridisation between the two species was higher on the lower raceme. However, the upper raceme produced more dormant interspecific hybrid seed. Field trials, designed to imitate rare rape crop escapes into the ruderal environment, examined the ability of rare rape plants to pollinate wild turnip plants over four summers. At a ratio of 1 rape plant for every 400 wild turnip plants, the incidence of interspecific hybridisation was consistently low (<0.1 to 2.1 % of total seed on wild turnip plants). There was a significant year effect with the first season producing significantly more seed and a greater frequency of interspecific hybrid progeny than the other years. The frequency of interspecific hybrid progeny increases when the ratio of rape: wild turnip plant numbers increases. The relative importance of anemophily and entomophily in the production of interspecific hybrids was examined. Wild turnip plants produced twice as many seeds with bee pollination relative to wind pollination. However, the frequency of interspecific hybrids under wind pollination was nearly twice that for bee pollination. Light reflectance patterns under UV light revealed a marked difference between wild turnip and rape flowers compared to near identical appearance under visible light. The data indicates that bees are able to distinguish between rape and wild turnip flowers and exhibit floral constancy when foraging among populations with these two species. Hybrid survival in the seed bank, germination and seedling establishment in the field are important components of fitness. Seed banks established in the soil after the field trials described above germinated in subsequent spring seasons. The predominantly brassica weed populations were screened for herbicide resistance and the numbers of interspecific hybrids germinating compared to the original frequency in the field trial results. Frequency of interspecific hybrids was reduced in the populations compared to the original seed deposit. Seed with a known frequency of interspecific hybrid seed was sown in a separate trial, and the frequency of interspecific hybrids compared at 0, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing. Poor germination resulted limited competition between seedlings, however the frequency of interspecific hybrids declined over time indicating low plant fitness. There were no significant population effects on any parameters tested. Interspecific hybrids grown in a glasshouse were backcrossed to the parental species and selfed within the plant and within populations. Pollen from the interspecific hybrids was found to have markedly reduced fertility. Interspecific hybrid plants had low female fertility, with the majority (88%) of the pollinated flowers aborting the siliques. Of the remaining siliques, most (98%) had only one to three seeds per silique. Inheritance of the herbicide resistance gene was regular in backcrosses but highly skewed following self pollination with an excess of herbicide-sensitive progeny. Production of a stochastic predictive model integrated the information acquired over the practical work phase of this thesis and utilised the capabilities of @risk, a new application of a risk analysis tool. The three outputs examined were the number of flowering plants resulting from backcrosses to rape and wild turnip and self pollination of the interspecific hybrid progeny. Five scenarios were modelled and all demonstrated the high likelihood of introgression failure in this system. In all scenarios, >75% of simulations resulted in no interspecific hybrid progeny surviving to flowering in the third generation. In all scenarios, and for all three outputs, the seed set on the interspecific hybrids of the second generation was the major factor that limited the number interspecific hybrid progeny surviving to flowering in the third generation.
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Bryant, Chet Kaiser. "Chemical vapor identification using field-based attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared detection and solid phase microextraction /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Bryant2005.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Preisendorfer, Rudolph W. Theory of fluorescent irradiance fields in lakes and seas. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1987.

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Preisendorfer, Rudolph W. Theory of fluorescent irradiance fields in lakes and seas. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1987.

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Preisendorfer, Rudolph W. Theory of fluorescent irradiance fields in lakes and seas. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1987.

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Ponder, Henley J., and U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories., eds. Hyperspectral signatures (400 to 2500 nm) of vegetation, minerals, soils, rocks, and cultural features: Laboratory and field measurements. Fort Belvoir, Va: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Topographic Laboratories, 1990.

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Characterization and discrimination of selected vegetation canopies from field observations of bidirectional reflectances. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Characterization and discrimination of selected vegetation canopies from field observations of bidirectional reflectances. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Chance, Kelly, and Randall V. Martin. Basic Solar and Planetary Properties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0001.

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Basic properties of the Sun, the Earth and its atmosphere, other solar system atmospheres, and extrasolar planetary atmospheres are introduced here to provide background and context for the detailed study of the spectroscopy and radiative transfer of planetary atmospheres. Solar structure is described, including the solar cycle and variability, and a reference solar irradiance is presented. The Earth’s orbit, the seasons, and the ecliptic plane are introduced. The properties of hydrostatic equilibrium, albedo, and spectral reflectance are described. Earth’s atmospheric composition, including aerosols and gases, is summarized. Other atmospheres in the solar system are described and the growing field of extrasolar planets detection and characterization introduced.
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N, Slater Philip, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SeaWiFS calibration and algorithm validation: Annual report for NASA grant NAGW 3543 ... [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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N, Slater Philip, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SeaWiFS calibration and algorithm validation: Annual report for NASA grant NAGW 3543 ... [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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N, Slater Philip, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SeaWiFS calibration and algorithm validation: Annual report. Tucson, Ariz: Remote Sensing Group, Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Guarnera, Giuseppe Claudio, Pieter Peers, Paul Debevec, and Abhijeet Ghosh. "Estimating Surface Normals from Spherical Stokes Reflectance Fields." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2012. Workshops and Demonstrations, 340–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33868-7_34.

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Haindl, Michal, Stanislav Mikeš, and Mineichi Kudo. "Unsupervised Surface Reflectance Field Multi-segmenter." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 261–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23192-1_22.

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Zhang, Hang, Kristin Dana, and Ko Nishino. "Friction from Reflectance: Deep Reflectance Codes for Predicting Physical Surface Properties from One-Shot In-Field Reflectance." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2016, 808–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46493-0_49.

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Atkinson, P. M. "Simulating Locational Error in Field-Based Measurements of Reflectance." In geoENV I — Geostatistics for Environmental Applications, 297–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1675-8_25.

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Wyawahare, Medha, Pranesh Kulkarni, Aditya Kulkarni, Ankit Lad, Jayant Majji, and Aayush Mehta. "Agricultural Field Analysis Using Satellite Surface Reflectance Data and Machine Learning Technique." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 439–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6634-9_40.

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Serbin, Shawn P., and Philip A. Townsend. "Scaling Functional Traits from Leaves to Canopies." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 43–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we begin by exploring the relationship between plant functional traits and functional diversity and how this relates to the characterization and monitoring of global plant biodiversity. We then discuss the connection between leaf functional traits and their resulting optical properties (i.e., reflectance, transmittance, and absorption) and how this related to remote sensing (RS) of functional diversity. Building on this, we briefly discuss the history of RS of functional traits using spectroscopy and imaging spectroscopy data. We include a discussion of the key considerations with the use of imaging spectroscopy data for scaling and mapping plant functional traits across diverse landscapes. From here we provide a review of the general methods for scaling and mapping functional traits, including empirical and radiative transfer model (RTM) approaches. We complete the chapter with a discussion of other key considerations, such as field sampling protocols, as well as current caveats and future opportunities.
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Adams, M. L., W. A. Norvell, J. H. Peverly, and W. D. Philpot. "Fluorescence and reflectance characteristics of manganese deficient soybean leaves: effects of leaf age and choice of leaflet." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 261–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_51.

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Batten, G. D., A. B. Blakeney, V. B. Mcgrath, and S. Ciavarella. "Non-structural carbohydrate: analysis by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and its importance as an indicator of plant growth." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 269–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_53.

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Sharma, Priya, Nirmalya Samanta, Shyamal Gan, Durga Bhattacharyya, and Chirasree RoyChauduri. "A Cost Effective and Field Deployable System for Soil Macronutrient Analysis Based on Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy." In Design Science and Innovation, 309–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6435-8_23.

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Khan, Hasmat, Saswati Sarkar, Moumita Pal, Susanta Bera, and Sunirmal Jana. "Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect." In Indium [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94743.

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Nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) in the form of thin film or bulk attract significant interest of materials researchers in both basic and applied sciences. Among these important MOSs, indium oxide (IO) is a valuable one due to its novel properties and wide range of applications in diversified fields. IO based nanostructured thin films possess excellent visible transparency, metal-like electrical conductivity and infrared reflectance properties. This chapter mainly highlights the synthesis strategies of IO based bulk nanomaterials with variable morphologies starting from spherical nanoparticles to nano-rods, nano-wires, nano-needles, nanopencils, nanopushpins etc. In addition, thin film deposition and periodic 1-dimensional (1D)/2-dimensional (2D) surface texturing techniques of IO based nanostructured thin films vis-à-vis their functional properties and applications have been discussed. The chapter covers a state-of-the-art survey on the fabrication strategies and recent advancement in the properties of IO based nanomaterials with their different areas of applications. Finally, the challenges and future prospect of IO based nanomaterials have been discussed briefly.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Kumar, Ritwik, Michael Jones, and Tim K. Marks. "Morphable Reflectance Fields for enhancing face recognition." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539972.

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Chabert, Charles-Félix, Per Einarsson, Andrew Jones, Bruce Lamond, Wan-Chun Ma, Sebastian Sylwan, Tim Hawkins, and Paul Debevec. "Relighting human locomotion with flowed reflectance fields." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1179849.1179944.

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Menzel, Nicolas, and Michael Guthe. "High dynamic range preserving compression of light fields and reflectance fields." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1294685.1294697.

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Guarnera, Giuseppe Claudio, Pieter Peers, Paul Debevec, and Abhijeet Ghosh. "Estimating specular normals from spherical Stokes reflectance fields." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2343045.2343055.

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Sundberg, Robert, Steven Richtsmeier, and Steven Adler-Golden. "Influence of broken cloud fields on reflectance retrievals." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Adolfo Comerón, Evgueni I. Kassianov, Klaus Schäfer, Richard H. Picard, Karin Stein, and John D. Gonglewski. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2066854.

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Chen, Yu-Bin, and Chien-Jing Chen. "Interaction Between the Magnetic Polariton and Surface Plasmon Polariton." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63333.

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This work numerically investigated the interaction between two resonances: the magnetic polariton (MP) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP). A reflectance contour plot of deep silver slit arrays quantitatively identified the MP mode and the SPP excitation’s dependence on the period. Five arrays were selected for their SPP excitation wavenumber that approached and then diverged from that of an MP mode. Reflectance spectra from arrays showed dips associated with the two resonances between 10000 cm−1 and 25000 cm−1. Both the magnitude and corresponding wavenumber of nearby dips were modified by the interaction. Moreover, a third dip might appear or two dips might merge into a wider valley when two resonance excitation wavenumbers are close enough. The interaction was further elucidated with electromagnetic fields, Poynting vectors, and the energy density corresponding to representative reflectance dips.
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Everard, Colm D., Moon S. Kim, Hoonsoo Lee, and Colm P. O'Donnell. "Identifying fecal matter contamination in produce fields using multispectral reflectance imaging under ambient solar illumination." In SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging, edited by Moon S. Kim, Kuanglin Chao, and Bryan A. Chin. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2229810.

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Mackowski, Daniel W. "Direct Simulation of Scattering and Absorption by Particle Deposits." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14615.

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A computational scheme is presented to exactly calculate the electromagnetic field distribution, and associated radiative absorption and scattering characteristics, of large-scale ensembles of spherical particles that are subjected to a focussed incident beam. The method employs a superposition extension to Lorenz/Mie theory, in which the internal and scattered fields for each sphere in the ensemble are represented by vector spherical harmonic expansions, and boundary conditions at the surfaces of the spheres are matched by application of the addition theorem for vector harmonics. The incident field is modeled as a transverse, linearly-polarized wave with a Gaussian amplitude distribution along a fixed focal plane. Application of the method to prediction of the absorption and reflectance characteristics of particle deposits is discussed, and illustrative calculations are presented.
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Espinosa-Rueda, Guillermo, Noelia Martinez-Sanz, David Izquierdo-Nuñez, and Marta Osta-Lombardo. "A Novel Portable Device to Measure Transmittance and Reflectance of Parabolic Trough Receiver Tubes in the Field." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6500.

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The performance of parabolic trough (PT) receiver tubes (RT) has a direct impact on concentrated solar power (CSP) plant production. As a result, one major need of operation and maintenance (O&M) in operating plants is to monitor the state of the receiver tube as a key element in the solar field. In order to fulfill this necessity, Abengoa Solar has developed the first existing portable device for measuring transmittance and reflectance of parabolic trough receiver tubes directly in the field. This paper offers a description of the technical features of the instrument and reviews the issues related to its usability as a workable portable device in operating solar fields. To evaluate its performance, laboratory studies have been carried out using two patterns to determine the accuracy and standard deviation of the measurements, obtaining excellent results. This information is complemented with data collected by O&M using this instrument in solar power plants. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of both rainfall and artificial cleaning on the increase of transmittance. These values are then compared to those obtained from hand-cleaning and show important differences. The results are discussed in this paper.
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Bianco, Nicola, Oronzio Manca, Vincenzo Naso, and Giuseppe Rotondo. "Quasi-Steady State Numerical Model for a Multilayer Thin Film Irradiated by a Moving Laser Source at High Peclet Numbers." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41919.

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A numerical analysis of the conjugate optical-thermal fields in an amorphous silicon thin film deposited on a glass substrate and irradiated by a moving Gaussian laser source is carried out. The velocity of the laser is assumed constant and quasi-steady state conditions are considered. Optical and thermophysical properties of materials are assumed temperature dependent. The conjugate optical and thermal models are solved by means of a finite volume numerical technique and the heat conduction along the direction of motion has been neglected. The optical field is considered locally one-dimensional and it has been solved by means of the matrix method. Results are given in terms of radiative coefficients, absorption function distribution and temperature profiles and fields. The effect of the relative velocity and of the thin film depth are analyzed. For the considered model, radiative coefficients profiles show that for the largest thin film thickness, reflectance values do not depend very much on the Peclet number and on the x coordinate. Temperature profiles point out that the maximum temperature values are attained for an intermediate thin film thickness among the three considered values. This is due to the interference effects within the thin film that cause the maximum energy absorption for this thickness.
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Reports on the topic "Reflectance fields"

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Lee Spangler, Ross Bricklemyer, and David Brown. Cropland Field Monitoring: MMV Page 1 Montana Cropland Enrolled Farm Fields Carbon Sequestration Field Sampling, Measurement, Monitoring, and Verification: Application of Visible-Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (VNIR) and Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037876.

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Zaneveld, Ronald V., and Emmanuel S. Boss. The Influence of Bottom Morphology on Far Field Reflectance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424626.

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Zaneveld, J. R., and Emmanuel S. Boss. The Influence of Bottom Morphology on Far Field Reflectance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626469.

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Variations in vitrinite reflectance values for the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Formation, southeastern Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado; implications for burial history and potential hydrocarbon generation and The Fryingpan Member of the Maroon Formation; a Lower Permian(?) basin-margin dune field in northwestern Colorado. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1787hi.

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