Journal articles: 'Reflection of objects'

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Жихарев, Л., and L. Zhikharev. "Reflection from Curved Mirrors in a Plane." Geometry & Graphics 7, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c9203adb22641.01479568.

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Reflection from a certain mirror is one of the main types of transformations in geometry. On a plane a mirror represents a straight line. When reflecting, we obtain an object, each point of which is symmetric with respect to this straight line. In this paper have been considered examples of reflection from a circle – a general case of a straight line, if the latter is defined through a circle of infinite radius. While analyzing a simple reflection and generalization of this process to the cases of such curvature of the mirror, an interesting phenomenon was found – an increase in the reflection dimension by one, that is, under reflection of a one-dimensional object from the circle, a two-dimensional curve is obtained. Thus, under reflection of a point from the circle was obtained the family of Pascal's snails. The main cases, related to reflection from a circular mirror the simplest two-dimensional objects – a segment and a circle at their various arrangement, were also considered. In these examples, the reflections are two-dimensional objects – areas of bizarre shape, bounded by sections of curves – Pascal snails. The most interesting is the reflection of two-dimensional objects on a plane, because the reflection is too informative to fit in the appropriate space. To represent the models of obtained reflections, it was proposed to move into three-dimensional space, and also developed a general algorithm allowing obtain the object reflection from the curved mirror in the space of any dimension. Threedimensional models of the reflections obtained by this algorithm have been presented. This paper reveals the prospects for further research related to transition to three-dimensional space and reflection of objects from a spherical surface (possibility to obtain four-dimensional and five-dimensional reflections), as well as studies of reflections from geometric curves in the plane, and more complex surfaces in space.

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Pulyaev, Valerii, Leonid Emelyanov, and Artem Miroshnikov. "The speed of movement of piece space objects along the Earth's surface and its determination using incoherent scatter radar." PHYSICS OF ATMOSPHERE AND GEOSPACE 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47774/phag.01.01.2020-5.

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Methodological features of registration and separation of coherent radar reflections from space objects and elements of “space debris” operating in orbit are considered. Registration occurs against the background of signals that are scattering of the probe radio wave on particles of the ionospheric plasma. Methods of how to obtain information about the components of the velocity vector of these objects in near-earth space with the help of specialized ground-based radar facilities are analyzed. Their disadvantage is the unreliable control of weak reflections from the elements of “space debris” if they have a small (up to centimeters) scattering cross section. The authors proposed to use the existing high-energy radar installations. Using the signals after the analog-to-digital conversion generated in quadrature, it is proposed to calculate the phase characteristics of the coherent reflection. The radial velocity of the objects along the radar beam is calculated by isolating the Doppler phase difference and statistically averaging these values in the time of reflection. Similarly, by analyzing the time spent in the radar beam, the velocity component associated with the horizontal movement along the Earth’s surface is calculated. Real examples are given, when in one of the observation sessions on the reflection of a signal from a space object, the phase shift in each of its periods is calculated, and then, using the formula, proposed by the authors, the vertical component of the velocity of this object is calculated. Analyzing the observation time of this object in the beam of the transmitter antenna, an example of the calculation and the component of its horizontal velocity is shown. The block diagram of the radar used to calculate the specified parameters of the movement of space objects is presented. The developed approach is an effective solution of many practical problems in those industries that ensure the operation of spacecraft, ensuring the safety of space stations, optimal placement of objects in orbit, etc. Keywords: Incoherent scatter radar, space objects, coherent reflection, signal phase characteristics, radial and horizontal speed

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Tomoyuki, Tanaka. "Actor reflection without meta-objects." ACM SIGPLAN OOPS Messenger 2, no. 2 (April 1991): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/127070.127097.

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Baclig, Westover, and Adeeb. "Categorizing Three-Dimensional Symmetry Using Reflection, Rotoinversion, and Translation Symmetry." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091132.

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Symmetry is a property that has been widely examined clinically as a measurement of health and aesthetic appeal. Many current techniques that assess geometric symmetry rely on interpretation from a trained operator or produce two-dimensional measurements that cannot express the three-dimensional character of an object. In this article, we propose a comprehensive markerless method that describes an object’s symmetry using three types of fundamental symmetry, reflection, rotoinversion a combination of reflection and rotation and translation a process of reflection and rigid movement. This is done by mirroring an object over an arbitrary plane and aligning the mirrored image with the original object in a position that minimizes deviation between both objects. Each object’s symmetry can be displayed in two ways, numerically, with a best plane of symmetry or “Psym”, a fixed point and the mirrored objects rotation and magnitude of translation in relation to the original object, and visually, through a 3D deviation contour map. Three examples were made: Model 1 showed reflection symmetry and resulted in a standard deviation of 0.002 mm, Model 2 expressed rotoinversion symmetry and produced a standard deviation of 0.003 mm and Model 3 expressed translational symmetry which resulted in a translation magnitude difference of 0.015% with respect to model height. This simple procedure accurately recognizes reflection, rotoinversion and translation symmetry, takes minimal time and expertise and has the ability to expand previous case specific methods to a global application of symmetry analysis.

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Sheng, Hong, Fang Ju Li, and Yong Qin Liu. "Analysis for the Reflection of Objects in the Water Based on MATLAB." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.125.

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The relationship between the length of the objects reflections on the water surface and the following factors including the spacing of objects and people，height of objects，observers’ height and the size of wave are discussed. According to the law of light reflection, a parametric equation is established among them. Secondly, the numerical solutions of the equation can obtained by MATLAB and draw the virtual image of the material point in the water. Besides, the objects reflection on the water surface with slight wave was simulated. Finally, a detailed qualitatively analysis for the relevant factors which affect the length of reflection are made and explains the physical phenomenon successfully.

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Tuzova, Tamara. "Kasdienė refleksija ir filosofo refleksijos radikalumas." Problemos 66, no. 1 (September 30, 2014): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2004.66.7250.

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The object of the investigation is the specificity of philosophical and everyday reflections, their interrelations. The author makes an attempt to reveal the invariant constitutive characteristics of the structure of the reflective space of philosophy, to define the sense of specific radicalism of philosophical reflection. The radicalism as effort and way to extend presence of us in one's own experience and as self-aware transformation of own experience which presuppose the unity of the factual and the due as possible (and necessary) for man is revealed. The variant of the “metaphysics of presence” of man in the objects and relations of his experience as the way of historical and logical identification of philosophical reflection is developed. The “metaphysics of presence” is introduced as common dimension of the intelligibility, which permits the author to compare competitive modes of reflection of human experience (reductive and nonreductive, deterministic and transcendental) and to interpret them as irreplaceable and mutually supplementary ways of broadening the limits of self-consciousness of human experience.

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Gaumond, Charles F., and Phillip B. Abraham. "Reflection tomography imaging of submerged objects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80, S1 (December 1986): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023499.

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Inkermann, D., M. Gürtler, and A. Seegrün. "RECAP – A FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT STRUCTURED REFLECTION IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.99.

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AbstractReflection is understood as an integral part of designing and design processes. Despite the high relevance and an ongoing discussion about agile engineering, we found that reflection is rarley established in industrial practice. There is a need for an approach structuring the wide range of levels, stakeholders, objects and timing of reflections. The introduced RECAP framework is an important step towards a guideline (heuristic) for reflection in engineering projects. Based on the four dimensions objectives, stakeholders, objects, and processes it supports structured planning of reflection.

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Jooste, E. T., and Glenda Cleaver. "Metaphors and Metaphoric Objects." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 23, no. 2 (1992): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916292x00108.

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AbstractThis article reports on an exploratory study that used metaphoric objects as a therapeutic aid. During Rogerian therapy sessions, a metaphoric object was handed to clients. The metaphoric object was used as a reflection of an aspect of the client's being. The clients were asked to describe the effect the object had on them. The protocols obtained were subjected to a phenomenological analysis. The study indicates that metaphoric objects can be a useful therapeutic aid.

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Mint Mohamed Mostapha, Aye, Gamil Alsharahi, and Abdellah Driouach. "Study Effect of Objects Orientation in the Mediums On GPR Signal Reflections Using FDTD Simulation." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.976.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a very effective tool for detecting and identifying objects below the ground surface. based on the propagation and reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The GPR reflection can be affected by many things like the type of objects orientation, their shapes ..ect. The purpose of this paper is to study by simulation the effect of objects orientation in two different mediums (dry and wet sand) on the GPR signal reflection using Reflexw software which is based on a numerical method known as finite difference in time domain (FDTD). The simulations that have been realized included a conductor and dielectric objects. The results obtained have led us to find that the propagation path, the reflection strength and the signal form change with the change of object orientation and nature. To confirm the validity of the results, we compared them with experimental results previously published by researchers under the same conditions.

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Chen, Xudong. "Total internal reflection tomography of small objects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 135 (November 1, 2008): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/135/1/012030.

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Kiselev, Al S., An S. Kiselev, N. N. Rozanov, and G. B. Sochilin. "On reflection of radiation from moving objects." Optics and Spectroscopy 104, no. 6 (June 2008): 920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x08060192.

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Yoo, Jisang, and Gyu-cheol Lee. "Moving Object Detection Using an Object Motion Reflection Model of Motion Vectors." Symmetry 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010034.

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Moving object detection task can be solved by the background subtraction algorithm if the camera is fixed. However, because the background moves, detecting moving objects in a moving car is a difficult problem. There were attempts to detect moving objects using LiDAR or stereo cameras, but when the car moved, the detection rate decreased. We propose a moving object detection algorithm using an object motion reflection model of motion vectors. The proposed method first obtains the disparity map by searching the corresponding region between stereo images. Then, we estimate road by applying v-disparity method to the disparity map. The optical flow is used to acquire the motion vectors of symmetric pixels between adjacent frames where the road has been removed. We designed a probability model of how much the local motion is reflected in the motion vector to determine if the object is moving. We have experimented with the proposed method on two datasets, and confirmed that the proposed method detects moving objects with higher accuracy than other methods.

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Koch, R., S. May, and A. Nüchter. "DETECTION AND PURGING OF SPECULAR REFLECTIVE AND TRANSPARENT OBJECT INFLUENCES IN 3D RANGE MEASUREMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-377-2017.

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3D laser scanners are favoured sensors for mapping in mobile service robotics at indoor and outdoor applications, since they deliver precise measurements at a wide scanning range. The resulting maps are detailed since they have a high resolution. Based on these maps robots navigate through rough terrain, fulfil advanced manipulation, and inspection tasks. In case of specular reflective and transparent objects, e.g., mirrors, windows, shiny metals, the laser measurements get corrupted. Based on the type of object and the incident angle of the incoming laser beam there are three results possible: a measurement point on the object plane, a measurement behind the object plane, and a measurement of a reflected object. It is important to detect such situations to be able to handle these corrupted points. This paper describes why it is difficult to distinguish between specular reflective and transparent surfaces. It presents a 3DReflection- Pre-Filter Approach to identify specular reflective and transparent objects in point clouds of a multi-echo laser scanner. Furthermore, it filters point clouds from influences of such objects and extract the object properties for further investigations. Based on an Iterative-Closest-Point-algorithm reflective objects are identified. Object surfaces and points behind surfaces are masked according to their location. Finally, the processed point cloud is forwarded to a mapping module. Furthermore, the object surface corners and the type of the surface is broadcasted. Four experiments demonstrate the usability of the 3D-Reflection-Pre-Filter. The first experiment was made in a empty room containing a mirror, the second experiment was made in a stairway containing a glass door, the third experiment was made in a empty room containing two mirrors, the fourth experiment was made in an office room containing a mirror. This paper demonstrate that for single scans the detection of specular reflective and transparent objects in 3D is possible. It is more reliable in 3D as in 2D. Nevertheless, collect the data of multiple scans and post-filter them as soon as the object was bypassed should pursued. This is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Besides, it is the aim to improve the discrimination between specular reflective and transparent objects.

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Meng, Zhichao, Man Zhang, and Hongxian Wang. "CNN with Pose Segmentation for Suspicious Object Detection in MMW Security Images." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174974.

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Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging scanners can see through clothing to form a three-dimensional holographic image of the human body and suspicious objects, providing a harmless alternative for non-contacting searches in security check. Suspicious object detection in MMW images is challenging, since most of them are small, reflection-weak, shape, and reflection-diverse. Conventional detectors with artificial neural networks, like convolution neural network (CNN), usually take the problem of finding suspicious objects as an object recognition task, yielding difficulties in developing large-amount and complete sample sets of objects. In this paper, a new algorithm is developed using the human pose segmentation followed by the deep CNN detection. The algorithm is emphasized to learn the similarity with humans’ body clutter applied to training corresponding CNNs after the image segmentation base of the pose estimation. Moreover, the suspicious object recognition in the MMW image is converted to a binary classification task. Instead of recognizing all sorts of suspicious objects, the CNN detector determines whether the body part images present the abnormal patterns containing suspicious objects. The proposed algorithm that is based on CNN with the pose segmentation has concise configuration, but optimal performance in the suspicious object detection. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposal.

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Islam, Md Nazrul, Murat Tahtali, and Mark Pickering. "Specular Reflection Detection and Inpainting in Transparent Object through MSPLFI." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030455.

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Multispectral polarimetric light field imagery (MSPLFI) contains significant information about a transparent object’s distribution over spectra, the inherent properties of its surface and its directional movement, as well as intensity, which all together can distinguish its specular reflection. Due to multispectral polarimetric signatures being limited to an object’s properties, specular pixel detection of a transparent object is a difficult task because the object lacks its own texture. In this work, we propose a two-fold approach for determining the specular reflection detection (SRD) and the specular reflection inpainting (SRI) in a transparent object. Firstly, we capture and decode 18 different transparent objects with specularity signatures obtained using a light field (LF) camera. In addition to our image acquisition system, we place different multispectral filters from visible bands and polarimetric filters at different orientations to capture images from multisensory cues containing MSPLFI features. Then, we propose a change detection algorithm for detecting specular reflected pixels from different spectra. A Mahalanobis distance is calculated based on the mean and the covariance of both polarized and unpolarized images of an object in this connection. Secondly, an inpainting algorithm that captures pixel movements among sub-aperture images of the LF is proposed. In this regard, a distance matrix for all the four connected neighboring pixels is computed from the common pixel intensities of each color channel of both the polarized and the unpolarized images. The most correlated pixel pattern is selected for the task of inpainting for each sub-aperture image. This process is repeated for all the sub-aperture images to calculate the final SRI task. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed two-fold approach significantly improves the accuracy of detection and the quality of inpainting. Furthermore, the proposed approach also improves the SRD metrics (with mean F1-score, G-mean, and accuracy as 0.643, 0.656, and 0.981, respectively) and SRI metrics (with mean structural similarity index (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (IMMSE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD) as 0.966, 0.735, 0.073, and 0.226, respectively) for all the sub-apertures of the 18 transparent objects in MSPLFI dataset as compared with those obtained from the methods in the literature considered in this paper. Future work will exploit the integration of machine learning for better SRD accuracy and SRI quality.

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Shang, H. M. "Nondestructive testing of specularly reflective objects using reflection three-dimensional computer vision technique." Optical Engineering 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1567264.

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AYACHE, AHMED, DAVID E. DOBBS, and OTHMAN ECHI. "REFLECTION OF SOME QUASI-LOCAL DOMAINS." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 05, no. 02 (April 2006): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498806001703.

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If (R, M) and (S, N) are quasi-local domains and f : R → S is a ring homomorphism, then f is said to be a strong local homomorphism if f(M) = N. Let PVD be the category whose objects are the pseudo-valuation domains that are not fields and whose morphisms are the strong local homomorphisms; let VD be the full subcategory of PVD whose objects are all the valuation domains that are not fields. Then VD is shown to be a reflective subcategory of PVD. This result is extended by obtaining a reflective conclusion for a category whose class of objects properly contains all pseudo-valuation domains.

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Herman, Gérard C., Paul A. Milligan, Robert J. Huggins, and J. W. Rector. "Imaging shallow objects and heterogeneities with scattered guided waves." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 1 (January 2000): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444715.

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Current surface seismic reflection techniques based on the common‐midpoint (CMP) reflection stacking method cannot be readily used to image small objects in the first few meters of a weathered layer. We discuss a seismic imaging method to detect such objects; it uses the first‐arrival (guided) wave, scattered by shallow heterogeneities and converted into scattered Rayleigh waves. These guided waves and Rayleigh waves are dominant in the shallow weathered layer and therefore might be suitable for shallow object imaging. We applied this method to a field data set and found that we could certainly image meter‐size objects up to about 3 m off to the side of a survey line consisting of vertical geophones. There are indications that cross‐line horizontal geophone data could be used to identify shallow objects up to 10 m offline in the same region.

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Walida, Sikky El, and Anies Fuady. "LEVEL REFLECTIVE ABSTRACTION MAHASISWA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA." JPM : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jpm.v3i2.594.

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Abstraction begins with a set of objects, then the object is grouped by important properties and relationships, then aborted nature and relationships that are not important. In this study the abstraction used is a reflection abstraction is a process that refers to the ability of students to reconstruct or re-reveal and reorganize the structures created from the activity and interpretation of students themselves to a new situation. This study aims to determine the level of student reflection abstraction process. The levels of reflection abstraction in this study are: (1) Interiorization, (2) Coordination, (3) Encapsulation, (4) Generalization. The mathematical problem solving in this study includes: (a) understanding the problem, (b) devising plan, (c) carrying out the plan, and (d) looking back (checking back). This research method is quite explorative with qualitative descriptive approach. This research reveals the level of student reflective abstraction in solving math problems. The problem presented is the task of mathematical settlement (TPM). The reflective abstraction is seen from the student behavior in solving the TPM. The process of reflective abstraction is studied using the Polya step. Polya settlement phase is (1) understanding the problem, (2) planning the problem, (3) problem solving, (4) checking again.

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Meyer, Karlo. "Antrittsvorlesungen. Haltungen gegenüber Haltungen des Glaubens. Oder: Sich zu Religiösem und Religiosität ins Verhältnis setzen." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2015-0107.

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Abstract Due to their tradition, religious objects (as “witnesses” of a tradition) are related to specific attitudes through the way they are created and used (e. g. connected with believing). In the context of pedagogical presentation and reflection, religious themes and objects are embedded in differing attitudes - e.g. the ones towards believing. Thus, teachers do not only teach methods and religious objects, but also convey a hierarchy between both levels of attitudes by their activities. Regarding the process of pedagogical reflection, this implies that an attitude arising from the witness and its religious context needs to be considered in relation to those particularly intended for teaching. Otherwise, unintended mistakes may occur even in minor wordings. Consequently, this procedure requires separate pedagogical reflections on “the attitudes towards particular attitudes”, so to speak. The intentions and applied priorities concerning those attitudes hence need to be revealed.

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HENRY, SIMON. "On toposes generated by cardinal finite objects." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 165, no. 2 (May 23, 2017): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004117000408.

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AbstractWe give a characterisations of toposes which admit a generating set of objects which are internally cardinal finite (i.e. Kuratowski finite and decidable) in terms of “topological” conditions. The central result is that, constructively, a hyperconnected separated locally decidable topos admit a generating set of cardinal finite objects. The main theorem is then a generalisation obtained as an application of this result internally in the localic reflection of an arbitrary topos: a topos is generated by cardinal finite objects if and only if it is separated, locally decidable, and its localic reflection is zero dimensional.

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Cardinale, Ivano, and Jochen Runde. "From dishwashing to dishwasher cooking: on social positioning and how users are drawn towards alternative uses of existing technology." Cambridge Journal of Economics 45, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beab026.

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Abstract Drawing on social positioning theory and using dishwasher cooking as our running example, we examine how users arrive at alternative uses of already-existing technological objects or what we will call ‘user innovations in function’. The first half of the paper provides an abstract account of three forms of structure: social structure, especially as represented by social positions; structures of cognition and action; and the structure of technological objects. The second half theorises user innovations in function as emerging at the nexus of these different forms of structure, with a view to highlighting (i) the pre-reflective and reflective modes of the agency involved; (ii) how these relate to what we call ‘tinkering’ and ‘reflection’ in user innovation; and (iii) the difference between ‘local’ and ‘non-local’ user innovations in function and their possible roots in tinkering or reflection.

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Wijers, C. M. J., and O. Voskoboynikov. "Optical Reﬂection from a Monolayer of Embedded Nano-Objects Covered by a Thick Capping Layer." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.52.

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In a hybrid discrete-continuum description the optical response of a capped monolayer of nano-objects has been determined. The monolayer emits a summation of partial plane waves obeying traditional reflection and transmission, enabling solution of the monolayer dipole strength. For thick capping layers the resulting reflection coefficients could be approximated by analytical expressions. These results have been used to investigate the feasibility of experimental detection of the optical response of nano-object monolayers.

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Hegedűs, G. "WEAK REFLECTION IN CONCRETE CATEGORIES." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 37, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2001): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.37.2001.1-2.10.

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In this art cle I give the de .n t on of the strong and weak re .ex v ty and the com- pat bility relation of objects in a categorical language.These concepts will generalize the corresponding concepts n the theory of topolog cal vector spaces. The main theorem makes clear the connection between these mportant concepts and we can show a lot of objects in our category,which are not strongly re .exive,but compatible with strongly re .ex ve objects.We also consider a lot of interesting examples and try to throw new light upon the ex stence of such Abelian groups which satisfy Pontryagin duality but do not respect compactness.We w ll prove also that the weak topolog cal vector space- structures are not re .ex ve in general.

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Xu, Guang-you. "Detecting and analyzing the body reflection characteristics of objects." Optical Engineering 33, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.177484.

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Sun, Hongyu, Le Wang, Zhan Song, and Geng Chen. "Three-Dimensional Mirror Surface Measurement Based on Local Blur Analysis of Phase Measuring Deflectometry System." Traitement du Signal 37, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.370508.

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Despite the marked progress in recent years, structured light-based three-dimensional (3D) measurement techniques still have difficulty in capturing mirror surface reflection. The accuracy of 3D reconstruction for mirror objects should be further improved to adapt to the high reflectivity and curvature of such objects. To improve the stripe definition and reconstruction accuracy of highly reflective mirror objects, this paper analyzes the local blur of defocus stripes in phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) system, and presents a method to analyze the spatially varying defocusing and de-blurring, with the aid of a 3D block matching algorithm, thereby focusing on defocus stripes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve micron-level reconstruction accuracy of standard flat mirrors, and detect the defects on highly reflective mirror objects at a high precision.

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Jagodzińska, Katarzyna. "O istocie muzeum, czyli Justyny Żak W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów." Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, no. 3 (45) (2020): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.20.030.12590.

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About the nature of museums, the review of the book W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów by Justyna Żak The review concerns the book W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów by Justyna Żak, published in 2020 by the Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. The book deals with the nature of museum objects and objects that fill museum rooms and do not have the status of museum objects, being elements of arrangement, reproductions or reconstructions. In a broader sense it is a reflection on the nature of museums, in which the notion of authenticity is of key importance. The book’s asset is a broad perspective of an object in a museum –its status, value, meaning – from theoretical reflection in the field of philosophy, sociology and aesthetics, to case studies and museum practice, supported by quotations from belles-lettres, however, the author fell into the trap of a superficiality that was difficult to avoid.

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Cluley, Robert, and Elizabeth Nixon. "What is an advert? A sociological perspective on marketing media." Marketing Theory 19, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593119856645.

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This article draws on a conceptual vocabulary developed in science and technology studies to advance a sociological theory of objects in marketing. Analysing a single advertising medium, it shows that marketing objects can exist simultaneously in multiple forms as physical artefacts, political decisions, legal entities and economic values. Armed with this understanding, the article explores the ability of actors to manipulate these realities in their favour and investigates how it is possible to turn public space on a city street into an advertising object. Using John Law’s notion of fractional objects, the article proposes an analytic framework to open up new objects for critical intervention and reflection.

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Lee, Robert J., and Hannah E. Smithson. "Motion of glossy objects does not promote separation of lighting and surface colour." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 11 (November 2017): 171290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171290.

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The surface properties of an object, such as texture, glossiness or colour, provide important cues to its identity. However, the actual visual stimulus received by the eye is determined by both the properties of the object and the illumination. We tested whether operational colour constancy for glossy objects (the ability to distinguish changes in spectral reflectance of the object, from changes in the spectrum of the illumination) was affected by rotational motion of either the object or the light source. The different chromatic and geometric properties of the specular and diffuse reflections provide the basis for this discrimination, and we systematically varied specularity to control the available information. Observers viewed animations of isolated objects undergoing either lighting or surface-based spectral transformations accompanied by motion. By varying the axis of rotation, and surface patterning or geometry, we manipulated: (i) motion-related information about the scene, (ii) relative motion between the surface patterning and the specular reflection of the lighting, and (iii) image disruption caused by this motion. Despite large individual differences in performance with static stimuli, motion manipulations neither improved nor degraded performance. As motion significantly disrupts frame-by-frame low-level image statistics, we infer that operational constancy depends on a high-level scene interpretation, which is maintained in all conditions.

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Lähteenmäki, Vili. "The Sphere of Experience in Locke." Locke Studies 8 (December 31, 2008): 59–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2008.1002.

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Locke endorses a distinction between passive reflection and voluntary attentive reflection, which he occasionally labels contemplation. Failure to recognize this distinction properly has had an effect on interpretations of Locke’s theory of reflection, and caused puzzlement about the relation between reflection and consciousness. In particular, the function of reflection as a passive internal sense that produces simple ideas of mental operations has been downplayed in favour of the view that reflection in one manner or another involves attention and/or presupposes con-sciousness of mental operations. This has led a number of scholars to maintain, implicitly or explicitly, that Locke in fact abandons either his doctrine of sensation and reflection as the two exclusive sources of ideas or his doctrine of ideas as the only immediate objects of experience. According to one reading, ideas of mental operations are produced by virtue of consciousness, and reflection is assigned the role of forming definite ideas. This conflicts with Locke’s official doctrine of sensation and reflection as the only origins of ideas. According to another reading, ideas are not at all involved in our direct consciousness of mental operations, but the production of ideas through reflection is preconditioned by this primary consciousness. This means introducing immediate objects of experience that are not ideas, which conflicts with Locke’s commitment to ideas as the only immediate objects of all kinds of thinking.

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Abbate, Carolyn. "Certain Loves for Opera." Representations 154, no. 1 (2021): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2021.154.5.47.

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The attraction of objects has motivated a swerve within the humanities—a move away from texts and exegesis, linguistics, and semiotics; a move toward the body, the senses, materiality, and physiology. A musical instrument, a scientific artifact, a collection of sounds, an antique postcard: yes, all these objects are expressive and sometimes aesthetically pleasing, and in being so they can be understood to embody an epistemology, with theories and realms of knowledge written into their every contour. Or they can be understood as traces of global exchange and displacement. But what if the object is not very good, not loveable at all? Crumbling, toxic paper or banal images, with no exit from a strange historical or cultural space, perhaps an uncomfortable space to which you feel averse (or at least, feel you should disdain, as beneath contempt)? Or what if the object is misdirecting? What if it is ephemeral, like sound, something that cannot be held? These questions are woven in this essay into a reflection on the forms taken by certain loves for opera, a reflection centered on some nineteenth-century material objects that relate to act 4 of Giacomo Meyerbeer’s opera Les Huguenots (1836).

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Yatsishen, Valeriy V. "Nanoplasmonic methods in angular spectroscopy of nanoscale biological objects." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 23, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2020.23.4.111-115.

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The paper presents the results of calculating the angular spectra of light reflection under the condition of excitation of surface plasmons in the Kretschman scheme. The silver layer in this scheme plays the role of a reference material, the minimum in the angular spectrum of which serves as a reference point for the shift of the minimum of the angular spectrum when a layer of the studied biological material is added to the considered layered system, which were melanin and biological tissue. As a result of the work, specific pronounced minima in the angular spectra were obtained, which make it possible to identify these materials with a high degree of accuracy due to the narrow resonance peaks in the angular reflection spectra, which are spaced from the peak in the reflection from the silver film by certain angles. The method contains all the characteristic features of the resonance spectroscopy method; the conditions for the excitation of a surface plasmon at the metal boundary act as resonance conditions.

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MAMZER, HANNA. "ANIMAL TURN AS A META-TURN?" Society Register 3, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2019.3.3.01.

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Human sciences as a reflection of social transformations fluctuate with dynamic changes of current cognitive paradigms. Following the textual and visual turn and the turn towards things (objects), there are intensified tendencies to think in terms of an “animal turn”, which becomes close not only to activists and pro-animal activists but also to scientifically engaged humanists. I believe, however, that the animal turn should be treated as a meta-turn: a process that requires a change in the relationship between the reflecting subject and the object of reflection, and not only as a specific kind of representation of the surrounding world. In the proposed text, I attempt to analyze the causes of the turn towards animals. I also address the theme of cognitive resistance in view of the recognition of animal studies as a fully-fledged theoretical and research area of contemporary humanities.

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Garcia-Rovira, Irene. "What About Us? – On Archaeological Objects (or the Objects of Archaeology)." Current Swedish Archaeology 23, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2015.08.

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The introduction of Object-Oriented philosophies has resulted in the development of two main atti- tudes to the study of the past. Some scholars have suggested the development of archaeologies that fo- cus on the fragmentary nature of the archaeological record – inviting a more descriptive approach to doing archaeology – whereas others have used simi- lar frameworks to revitalize the study of social pro- cesses. Both tendencies lean towards archaeologies that embrace ontological enquiry, moving away from questions of human access. In a reflection re- garding things, archives and social processes, this article strives for enquiries which favour theoretical examination that encompasses the study of reality as well as the study of the ways in which archaeolo- gists gain knowledge about the past.

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Skorobogatova, Natalia. "Objects of Intellectual Property Right in the Accounting System." Accounting and Finance, no. 1(91) (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-1(91)-20-28.

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The rapid introduction of software products and other objects of intellectual property rights in the context of the fourth industrial revolution requires the improvement of methodical approaches to identifying the costs of their acquisition and creation. Such approaches will allow unambiguously determining the corresponding costs in the accounting system and reflecting them in the financial statements. The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence and identification of criteria for the recognition of intellectual property objects in the accounting system, taking into account the specifics of the use of information and communication technologies. Based on the analysis of domestic regulatory and methodical documents regulating the accounting for intangible assets, and international accounting standards, a number of inconsistent points have been identified on identifying the costs of acquiring and creating intellectual property objects and the conditions for their inclusion in current expenses or the initial cost of fixed assets. For the purpose of justified identification of these costs as an accounting object, the criteria for recognizing costs for the acquisition and creation of intellectual property objects have been systematized using the example of software products. The approach proposed by the author will contribute to the reasonable formation of the corresponding costs and their reflection in the accounting and reporting of the enterprise. Based on this, it will be possible to determine the objective financial results of the enterprise and evaluate its value. It was also proposed to apply a unified approach to determining the value of an object of intellectual property rights as an object of accounting and an investment object. This will allow introducing a unified monitoring system for long-term expenses in the accounting of the enterprise.

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Yang, Xin Mi, Ge Lan Jiang, Xue Guan Liu, and Cheng Xiang Weng. "Suppression of Specular Reflections by Metasurface with Engineered Nonuniform Distribution of Reflection Phase." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560403.

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We make preliminary investigations on a new approach to reducing radar cross section (RCS) of conducting objects. This approach employs novel planar metasurfaces characterizing nonuniform distribution of reflection phase. The operation principle of this approach and the design rule of the associated metasurfaces are explained using a simplified theoretical model. We then present a design example of such metasurfaces, in which three-layer stacked square patches with variable sizes are utilized as the reflecting elements. The proposed RCS-reduction approach is verified by both numerical simulations and measurements on the example, under the assumption of normal plane wave incidence. It is observed that, in a fairly wide frequency band (from 3.6 to 5.5 GHz), the presented example is capable of suppressing the specular reflections of conducting plates significantly (by more than 7 dB) for two orthogonal incident polarizations.

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Musiał, Janusz, Serhiy Horiashchenko, Kostyantin Horiashchenko, and Joanna Wilczarska. "Diagnosis of multilayer structures and composite parts by multifrequency phase detection." MATEC Web of Conferences 332 (2021): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133201020.

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The article considers the issue of diagnosing the condition of multilayer elements and structures. Probing methods are considered. A multiphase detection method has been proposed to generate diagnostic information that allows the reflected signals from several consecutive layers to be obtained. The reflection distance is determined for each layer. The presentation of a two-dimensional model of structural sounding in the presence of two objects of study was considered. The three-dimensional model of search of objects of research of concrete designs considered in work provides probing by spherical waves of a detail, measurement of phase shifts of signals reflected from internal objects of research in three points. Division by means of one of mathematical models of signals are reflections from each object of research and determination of coordinates of objects of research and can by means of the mathematical model was represent. The equipment of a measuring instrument was developed to study the analytical multifrequency phase method of distance measurement. This system can be used to diagnose defects in multilayer structures that can transmit radio waves. Also it can be used for quality control of the put coverings and for the analysis of thickness of composite materials, isolation layers in the equipment.

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Chaisilprungraung, Thitaporn, and Michael McCloskey. "Axes of Real-World Objects: Evidence from Orientation Reflection Errors." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.409.

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Inakage, Masa. "Caustics and specular reflection models for spherical objects and lenses." Visual Computer 2, no. 6 (December 1986): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01952422.

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Belyaev, B. I., L. V. Katkovskii, and V. P. Nekrasov. "Reflection spectra of natural objects and calibration of spectral devices." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 65, no. 2 (March 1998): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02680481.

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Popelo, V. D., and I. R. Fakhurtdinov. "Systematic errors in measurements of the reflection characteristics of small objects with coherent type of reflection." Measurement Techniques 53, no. 9 (November 30, 2010): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-010-9608-5.

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Delfini, Andrea, Roberto Pastore, Fabrizio Piergentili, Fabio Santoni, and Mario Marchetti. "Experimental Reflection Evaluation for Attitude Monitoring of Space Orbiting Systems with NRL Arch Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 8632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188632.

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The increasing number of satellites orbiting around Earth has led to an uncontrolled increase in objects within the orbital environment. Since the beginning of the space age on 4 October 1957 (launch of Sputnik I), there have been more than 4900 space launches, leading to over 18,000 satellites and ground-trackable objects currently orbiting the Earth. For each satellite launched, several other objects are also sent into orbit, including rocket upper stages, instrument covers, and so on. Having a reliable system for tracking objects and satellites and monitoring their attitude is at present a mandatory challenge in order to prevent dangerous collisions and an increase in space debris. In this paper, the evaluation of the reflection coefficient of different shaped objects has been carried out by means of the bi-static reflection method, also known as NRL arch measurement, in order to evaluate their visibility and attitude in a wide range of frequencies (12–18 GHz). The test campaign aims to correlate the experimental measures with the hypothetical reflection properties of orbiting systems.

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Varsano, Paula. "Disappearing Objects/Elusive Subjects." Representations 124, no. 1 (2013): 96–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2013.124.1.96.

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This paper examines changes in the philosophical and literary representations of mirrors—and mirroring—in a foundational period of Chinese history beginning with the pre-classical period and ending in the medieval Tang Dynasty. Inspired by the peculiarity of this object, which acts upon subjects at least as much as it is acted upon by them, this study of the literary mirror, of reflection and reflexivity, provides a glimpse into the larger issue of the construction of subjectivity in premodern China. Through the examination of each stage of the literary mirror’s gradual transformation from metaphor, to lyrical stimulus, and ultimately to its subsumption as an evocative predicate, it is possible to observe concomitant shifts in the construction of the literary subject as it displays increasing—but never absolute—degrees of specificity, distinctness, and autonomy.

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Chen, Jianhang, Daniel Mas Montserrat, Qian Lin, Edward J. Delp, and Jan P. Allebach. "Extra FAT: A Photorealistic Dataset for 6D Object Pose Estimation." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 8 (January 26, 2020): 221–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.8.imawm-221.

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We introduce a new image dataset for object detection and 6D pose estimation, named Extra FAT. The dataset consists of 825K photorealistic RGB images with annotations of groundtruth location and rotation for both the virtual camera and the objects. A registered pixel-level object segmentation mask is also provided for object detection and segmentation tasks. The dataset includes 110 different 3D object models. The object models were rendered in five scenes with diverse illumination, reflection, and occlusion conditions.

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Scarrott, S. M., and T. M. Gledhill. "Magnetic Fields and Star Formation: Imaging Polarimetry of Two Reflection Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 140 (1990): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900190370.

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Imaging polarimetry has shown that extended objects within star forming clouds may appear polarised due to passage of the light through an intervening region of magnetically aligned dust grains. Two such objects are considered here.

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FRUMIN, DAN, and BENNO VAN DEN BERG. "A homotopy-theoretic model of function extensionality in the effective topos." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 588–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129518000142.

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We present a way of constructing a Quillen model structure on a full subcategory of an elementary topos, starting with an interval object with connections and a certain dominance. The advantage of this method is that it does not require the underlying topos to be cocomplete. The resulting model category structure gives rise to a model of homotopy type theory with identity types, Σ- and Π-types, and functional extensionality. We apply the method to the effective topos with the interval object ∇2. In the resulting model structure we identify uniform inhabited objects as contractible objects, and show that discrete objects are fibrant. Moreover, we show that the unit of the discrete reflection is a homotopy equivalence and the homotopy category of fibrant assemblies is equivalent to the category of modest sets. We compare our work with the path object category construction on the effective topos by Jaap van Oosten.

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Motoh, Helena. "Orphan(ed) Scroll: the Case of Contextualizing a Late Qing Object in a Slovenian Museum." Ming Qing Yanjiu 24, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340045.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the methodological problem of contextualizing singular, ‘orphaned’ museum objects when provenance is unknown. In the late 1940s in Slovenia/Yugoslavia, the haste and non-transparent process of confiscation and subsequent reappropriation took many objects from collections that they were part of and placed them in new contexts, often leaving them unexhibited due to their problematic origin. The paper takes up one such singular object, a rare late nineteenth-century Jesuit missionary scroll from Shanghai that was left without information about its provenance or former owner. It first presents the steps taken in the identification of the object, its content, and background. Then the struggle of contextualizing the object is presented, along with the limitations of this process. Finally, a reflection on the status of ‘orphaned’ objects follows, with an attempt to assess the potential of such examples against the contextualizing approaches of museum representations.

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Pietrzak, Wit. "The Self among its objects." English Text Construction 7, no. 1 (April 28, 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.7.1.01pie.

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This article explores W. B. Yeats’s “A Dialogue of Self and Soul” as a space of irresolvable tension between the destitution of bodily life, imaged forth by the Soul, and the capacity of poetry to compensate for that destitution, which is projected by the Self. The analysis shows the poem to be a dense structure of mirror-like internal relations, primarily between the Self and Soul but also between the Self and the objects it chooses as opposition to the Soul’s vision. These lines of reflection, which carry the poem’s imaginative energy, will be investigated vis-à-vis Jacques Lacan’s theorisation of the ideas of the gaze and objet petit a.

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Pessoa, Rosane Rocha, and Maria Aparecida Yasbec Sebba. "Sources and types of change: a study with three English teachers." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 9, no. 1 (2009): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-63982009000100013.

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Based on the assumption that change is more likely to happen if it is not imposed upon teachers, but rather developed by them, we invited three English teachers to take part in a study in which they would have the opportunity to reflect collaboratively upon their teaching. Based on these reflections, some themes were defined for theoretical readings, which also became objects of reflection. The analysis of the eight reflective sessions and the final interview allowed us to detect eight sources of declared changes. The results showed that experiences which belong to the realm of practice are more relevant than theory to foster teacher change and that changes seem to have happened both cognitively and behaviorally. In addition, the more experienced teachers performed changes that were more "reflective" than "technical", confirming that less experienced teachers are more worried about the technicalities of teaching while more experienced or reflective teachers are more concerned with the consequences of what they do to students.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reflection of objects'

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