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1

WIDDICOMBE, J. G., and M. TATAR. "Upper Airway Reflex Control." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 533, no. 1 The Sudden In (1988): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb37254.x.

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2

Verbruggen, Frederick, Maisy Best, William A. Bowditch, Tobias Stevens, and Ian P. L. McLaren. "The inhibitory control reflex." Neuropsychologia 65 (December 2014): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.014.

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3

Tracey, Kevin J. "Reflex control of immunity." Nature Reviews Immunology 9, no. 6 (2009): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2566.

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4

Stein, R. B., S. DeSerres, and D. J. Bennett. "Gain control in reflex pathways." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 11, no. 4 (1992): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/51.257012.

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5

Hegland, Karen W., Donald C. Bolser, and Paul W. Davenport. "Volitional control of reflex cough." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 1 (2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01299.2011.

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Multiple studies suggest a role for the cerebral cortex in the generation of reflex cough in awake humans. Reflex cough is preceded by detection of an urge to cough; strokes specifically within the cerebral cortex can affect parameters of reflex cough, and reflex cough can be voluntarily suppressed. However, it is not known to what extent healthy, awake humans can volitionally modulate the cough reflex, aside from suppression. The aims of this study were to determine whether conscious humans can volitionally modify their reflexive cough and, if so, to determine what parameters of the cough wav
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6

Nadel, Jay A., and John G. Widdicombe. "REFLEX CONTROL OF AIRWAY SIZE*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 109, no. 2 (2006): 712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13499.x.

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7

Qiang Huang and Y. Nakamura. "Sensory reflex control for humanoid walking." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 21, no. 5 (2005): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2005.851381.

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8

Kallenbach, J. M., T. Webster, R. Dowdeswell, S. G. Reinach, R. N. Scott Millar, and S. Zwi. "Reflex Heart Rate Control In Asthma." Chest 87, no. 5 (1985): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.87.5.644.

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9

Türker, Kemal S. "Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 13, no. 1 (2002): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300109.

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The aim of this review is to discuss what is known about the reflex control of the human masticatory system and to propose a method for standardized investigation. Literature regarding the current knowledge of activation of jaw muscles, receptors involved in the feedback control, and reflex pathways is discussed. The reflexes are discussed under the headings of the stimulation conditions. This was deliberately done to remind the reader that under each stimulation condition, several receptor systems are activated, and that it is not yet possible to stimulate only one afferent system in isolatio
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10

Nishihira, Shigeki, and Thomas V. Mccaffrey. "Reflex Control of Nasal Blood Vessels." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 96, no. 3 (1987): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988709600308.

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The effect of stimulation of vagal afferent fibers on nasal blood vessels was studied in 36 cats. Volume change of the nasal capacitance vessels was measured by plethysmographic balloons inserted into the nose. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve produced a vasodilatation of nasal mucosa. Pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation by veratridine alkaloid and progressive lung inflation in open-chest cats also produced a vasodilatation of the nasal mucosa. These reflexes were abolished by sectioning the vagus nerves. These results suggest a reflex arc between the lung and nasal capacitance ves
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11

Euler, D. E., B. Olshansky, and S. Y. Kim. "Reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 3 (1996): H870—H875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.3.h870.

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The reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization was investigated in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs. A monophasic action potential was recorded from the right atrium, and the action potential duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was determined every cardiac cycle. beta-Adrenergic receptors were blocked with timolol (0.1 mg/kg). Under baseline conditions, sinus slowing during sinus arrhythmia was accompanied by a significant shortening of APD90 (24 +/- 4.0 ms). Transient occlusion (30 s) of the descending thoracic aorta increased systolic aortic pressure from 138 +/- 2.8 to 181 +/- 3.3
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12

Thomas, Adrian. "Gut motility, sphincters and reflex control." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 2 (2006): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/anes.2006.7.2.57.

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13

Greene, A. S., and M. J. Brunner. "Concerning reflex summation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 5 (1988): H1244—H1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.5.h1244.

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A simple, linear, noninteractive model of the reflex control of blood pressure was developed to demonstrate that simple linear addition of the responses of the baroreceptor reflexes can produce observations that appear to have resulted from a redundant control system. Our analysis indicated that common experimental paradigms such as hemorrhage with sequential reflex ablation, which are often used to evaluate reflex interactions, can be simply interpreted. Complex nonlinear interactions need not be postulated to explain data that appear to indicate a redundant control system.
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14

Hobson, J. A., R. Lydic, and H. A. Baghdoyan. "When is a reflex not a reflex? The riddle of behavioral-state control." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 3 (1986): 426–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00046525.

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15

NISHIHIRA, SHIGEKI. "REFLEX CONTROL OF THE NASAL BLOOD VESSELS." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 91, no. 6 (1988): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.91.865.

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16

Wikman, Thomas S., and Wyatt S. Newman. "Reflex control for safe autonomous robot operation." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 53, no. 3 (1996): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(96)00044-0.

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17

Murray, A. "Cardiovaurular Reflex Control in Health and Disease." Cardiovascular Research 28, no. 11 (1994): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1736a.

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18

Ogonowski, Zbigniew. "Sound reflex compensation in active noise control." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (1999): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424834.

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19

Rowell, Loring. "Reflex Control of the Circulation during Exercise." International Journal of Sports Medicine 13, S 1 (1992): S25—S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024583.

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20

Mancia, G., J. Cl�roux, A. Daffonchio, A. U. Ferrari, C. Giannattasio, and G. Grassi. "Reflex control of circulation in the elderly." Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 4, S6 (1991): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00114224.

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21

Fadel, P. J. "Reflex control of the circulation during exercise." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 25 (November 19, 2015): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12600.

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22

Tchelidze, Tamara, and Bernhard J. M. Hess. "Noncommutative Control in the Rotational Vestibuloocular Reflex." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (2008): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00804.2007.

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To investigate the role of noncommutative computations in the oculomotor system, three-dimensional (3D) eye movements were measured in seven healthy subjects using a memory-contingent vestibulooculomotor paradigm. Subjects had to fixate a luminous point target that appeared briefly at an eccentricity of 20° in one of four diagonal directions in otherwise complete darkness. After a fixation period of ∼1 s, the subject was moved through a sequence of two rotations about mutually orthogonal axes in one of two orders (30° yaw followed by 30° pitch and vice versa in upright and 30° yaw followed by
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23

Mancia, Giuseppe, Gino Seravalle, Cristina Giannattasio, et al. "Reflex cardiovascular control in congestive heart failure." American Journal of Cardiology 69, no. 18 (1992): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(92)91251-x.

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24

Hoogkamer, Wouter, Frank Van Calenbergh, Stephan P. Swinnen, and Jacques Duysens. "Cutaneous reflex modulation and self-induced reflex attenuation in cerebellar patients." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (2015): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00381.2014.

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Modulation of cutaneous reflexes is important in the neural control of walking, yet knowledge about underlying neural pathways is still incomplete. Recent studies have suggested that the cerebellum is involved. Here we evaluated the possible roles of the cerebellum in cutaneous reflex modulation and in attenuation of self-induced reflexes. First we checked whether leg muscle activity during walking was similar in patients with focal cerebellar lesions and in healthy control subjects. We then recorded cutaneous reflex activity in leg muscles during walking. Additionally, we compared reflexes af
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25

Futagi, Yasuyuki, Yasuhisa Toribe, and Yasuhiro Suzuki. "The Grasp Reflex and Moro Reflex in Infants: Hierarchy of Primitive Reflex Responses." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/191562.

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The plantar grasp reflex is of great clinical significance, especially in terms of the detection of spasticity. The palmar grasp reflex also has diagnostic significance. This grasp reflex of the hands and feet is mediated by a spinal reflex mechanism, which appears to be under the regulatory control of nonprimary motor areas through the spinal interneurons. This reflex in human infants can be regarded as a rudiment of phylogenetic function. The absence of the Moro reflex during the neonatal period and early infancy is highly diagnostic, indicating a variety of compromised conditions. The cente
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26

Jones, GM. "The Remarkable Vestibuloocular Reflex." Physiology 2, no. 3 (1987): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1987.2.3.85.

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The amazing ability of the eye to remain fixed on a target during rapid movements of the head depends on the familiar automatic control mechanism known as the vestibuloocular reflex. This article presents new information about this reflex in the control of eye movement and the stabilization of eye position. The reflex is found to be highly adaptive, including the curious recent finding that imaginary visual information can initiate plastic changes.
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27

Bánk, J., E. Bense, and Cs Király. "The Blink Reflex in Migraine." Cephalalgia 12, no. 5 (1992): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1205289.x.

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The blink reflex is an objective and useful method to study the trigeminal system. It was recorded in 43 migraine patients and the findings compared with those of 31 healthy controls. The latencies of the R1 component were in the normal range in both groups. The R2 latencies ranged between 30 and 32 ms in the control group. In contrast, more than half of the patients with migraine had R2 latencies between 32 and 35 ms in the migraine group. Some migraine patients had latencies above 35 ms. The R2 latency was statistically significantly different between controls and migraineurs ( p < 0.0001
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28

Bilello, Giuseppa, and Antonella Fregapane. "Gag Reflex Control through Acupuncture: A Case Series." Acupuncture in Medicine 32, no. 1 (2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010377.

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Background Many patients avoid dental appointments because of severe gagging when they have work performed, such as taking impressions. There are several methods known to alleviate gagging, and some studies have suggested that acupuncture may be effective in reducing gag reflex. The aim of the present study therefore was to evaluate whether acupuncture can produce a reduction of the gag reflex. Methods A total of 20 patients, aged between 19 and 80 years, with history of gag reflex on taking dental impressions, were recruited. All patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria had an upper and low
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29

Steinberg, Benjamin E., Eva Sundman, Niccolo Terrando, Lars I. Eriksson, and Peder S. Olofsson. "Neural Control of Inflammation." Anesthesiology 124, no. 5 (2016): 1174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001083.

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Abstract Inflammation and immunity are regulated by neural reflexes. Recent basic science research has demonstrated that a neural reflex, termed the inflammatory reflex, modulates systemic and regional inflammation in a multiplicity of clinical conditions encountered in perioperative medicine and critical care. In this review, the authors describe the anatomic and physiologic basis of the inflammatory reflex and review the evidence implicating this pathway in the modulation of sepsis, ventilator-induced lung injury, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, a
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30

Murphy, P. R. "Adaptive fusimotor reflex control in the decerebrate cat." Brain Research 821, no. 1 (1999): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01055-0.

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31

Mancia, G. "Reflex cardiovascular control in health and cardiovascular disease." European Journal of Pharmacology 183, no. 1 (1990): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)91383-m.

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32

Harder, Hermann, Jordi Serra, Fernando Azpiroz, and Juan-R. Malagelada. "Reflex control of intestinal gas dynamics and tolerance." Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (2000): A689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)84890-8.

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33

Burke, Robert E. "The significance of supraspinal control of reflex actions." Brain Research Bulletin 50, no. 5-6 (1999): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00150-1.

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34

Capaday, Charles. "Control of a ‘simple’ stretch reflex in humans." Trends in Neurosciences 23, no. 11 (2000): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01664-7.

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35

Clarac, François, Daniel Cattaert, and Didier Le Ray. "Central control components of a ‘simple’ stretch reflex." Trends in Neurosciences 23, no. 5 (2000): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01535-0.

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36

Yokoyama, O., N. Ootsuka, K. Komatsu, et al. "Forebrain muscarinic control of micturition reflex in rats." Neuropharmacology 41, no. 5 (2001): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00102-2.

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37

Kosch, P. C., P. W. Davenport, J. A. Wozniak, and A. R. Stark. "Reflex control of inspiratory duration in newborn infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 6 (1986): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.6.2007.

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We applied graded resistive and elastic loads and total airway occlusions to single inspirations in six full-term healthy infants on days 2–3 of life to investigate the effect on neural and mechanical inspiratory duration (TI). The infants breathed through a face mask and pneumotachograph, and flow, volume, airway pressure, and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) were recorded. Loads were applied to the inspiratory outlet of a two-way respiratory valve using a manifold system. Application of all loads resulted in inspired volumes decreased from control (P less than 0.001), and changes were progress
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38

Zoccali, C., F. Mallamaci, M. Ciccarelli, S. Parlongo, F. Salnitro, and A. Curatola. "The Reflex Control of Vasopressin in Haemodialysis Patients." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 6, no. 9 (1991): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/6.9.631.

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39

Romaniuk, J. R., G. S. Supinski, and A. F. DiMarco. "Reflex control of diaphragm activation by thoracic afferents." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 1 (1993): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.1.63.

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Recent studies suggest that chest wall reflexes may have a role in modulating diaphragm activation. The purpose of this study was to more closely examine this issue by assessing the diaphragmatic motor response to airway occlusion. Studies were performed in vagotomized mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG) and phrenic neurogram (ENG) responses to airway occlusion were evaluated at different precontractile respiratory muscle lengths, achieved by passive inflation and deflation with a volume syringe during the preceding expiration. Lung volume wa
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40

Webber, S. E., and J. G. Widdicombe. "Reflex control of the tracheal vasculature of sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 5 (1993): 2173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2173.

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Arteries to the cervical trachea were perfused at constant flow in anesthetized sheep. Perfusion pressures (PP), blood pressure (BP), and changes in tracheal smooth muscle tone (Ptr) were measured. Stimulation of pulmonary C-fiber receptors decreased PP (-6.5%) and BP (-16.8%) and increased Ptr (+61.5%), changes prevented by vagotomy and therefore reflex. Stimulation of cardiac receptors and slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors decreased PP (-7.9%) and BP (-21.0) and increased Ptr (+19.0%), changes reversed by vagotomy and therefore reflex. Stimulation and inhibition of slowly adapting
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41

Dang, HQ, S. Naser-ud-Din, GC Townsend, and KS Türker. "Reflex control of human mastication by periodontal mechanoreceptors." Australian Dental Journal 52, S4 (2007): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb06152.x.

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42

Nakazawa, K., S. I. Yamamoto, T. Ohtsuki, H. Yano, and T. Fukunaga. "Neural control: novel evaluation of stretch reflex sensitivity." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 172, no. 4 (2001): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00868.x.

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43

Weng, Shyh-Woei, and Kuu-young Young. "An impact control scheme inspired by human reflex." Journal of Robotic Systems 13, no. 12 (1996): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4563(199612)13:12<837::aid-rob5>3.0.co;2-w.

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44

Kosch, P. C., P. W. Davenport, J. A. Wozniak, and A. R. Stark. "Reflex control of expiratory duration in newborn infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 2 (1985): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.2.575.

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We investigated the effect on expiratory duration (TE) of application of graded resistive and elastic loads and total airway occlusions to single expirations in 9 full-term healthy infants studied on the 2nd or 3rd day of life. The infants breathed through a face mask and pneumotachograph, and flow, volume, airway pressure, and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) were recorded. Loads were applied to the expiratory outlet of a two-way respiratory valve using a manifold system. Application of all loads resulted in expired volumes (VE) decreased from control (P less than 0.05), and changes were progre
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45

BOYLE, R. "Vestibulospinal Control of Reflex and Voluntary Head Movement." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 942, no. 1 (2006): 364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03760.x.

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46

Folgheraiter, Michele, and Giuseppina Gini. "Human-like reflex control for an artificial hand." Biosystems 76, no. 1-3 (2004): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.05.007.

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47

Cunningham, Emmett T., and Paul E. Sawchenko. "Reflex control of magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin secretion." Trends in Neurosciences 14, no. 9 (1991): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(91)90032-p.

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48

Beith, Iain D. "Reflex control of ipsilateral and contralateral paraspinal muscles." Experimental Brain Research 218, no. 3 (2012): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3032-9.

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49

Berger, W., J. Quintern, and V. Dietz. "Impaired reflex control of Gait in spastic paresis." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (1985): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(85)90196-8.

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50

SATOMI, Tadaatsu, Masashi KANEKO, and Kazuki TAMURA. "Study on Pupil Control System. 2nd Report. Measurements of Pupil Light Reflex and Convergence Reflex." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 62, no. 604 (1996): 4610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.62.4610.

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