Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Refluo industriale'
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Garofalo, Alessia. "Ottimizzazione della produzione di polisaccaridi e lipidi nella diatomea marina Phaeodactylum tricornutum in coltura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12647/.
Full textMartinelli, Andrea. "Valorizzazione di acque reflue mediante recupero di fosfati per adsorbimento." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19238/.
Full textGalli, Leonardo. "Valorizzazione di acque reflue mediante recupero di ammonio per adsorbimento." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20687/.
Full textMalerba, Matteo. "Allestimenti di reattori multistadio per la digestione anaerobica dei reflui agro-industriali e confronto con processo convenzionale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2523/.
Full textDibello, Genny. "Studio di processi di recupero dell'ammonio da acque reflue tramite adsorbimento: materiali e strategie innovative." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21703/.
Full textSilva, Alberto Luis Camelier da. "Desenho industrial: abuso de direito e o reflexo na concorrência do mercado de reposição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-02042013-111046/.
Full textThe antitrust law, currently under Law 12,529, of November 30, 2011, and the intellectual property law is within the Brazilian juridical ordination, seeking to rule conducts and procedures intended to protect the free competition, on one hand, and to stimulate the innovation and technological development of the country, on the other hand. In the performance of both rights, conflicts are many times observed, which apparently reveal a contradiction: the granting of exclusivity for the exploitation of intangible goods, such as patents and industrial designs, conflicts with the free competition, excluding one another. Said contradiction, however, has been overcome, as it will be noticed. Our juridical system encompasses no absolute rights liable to justify the pure and simple dominance of one on the other, without assessing the consequences. The balance is searched by means of the legal prevention of the abuses of right, especially the abuses of the intellectual property law and the abusive exercise of the economic power. In addition, the Federal Constitution subordinates the use of property to its social function. This study analyzes the issues involving this apparent conflict and the abuses resulting from the enforcement of said rights. The theme is introduced with the analysis of the interface between the intellectual property right and the antitrust one and the resulting legal issues. Then, the abuse of right, the abuse of economic power and the abuse of the dominant position are analysed, pointing out the understanding of the existence of a tying arrangement, even though the binding occurs with deferral in time. The study proceeds by analyzing the free initiative and the free competition, as well as the industrial design institute and its eventual abusive use. The parts reposition and parts of complex products and their repercussion in Brazil and overseas, the CADE´s position as to eventual anticompetitive conducts are also analyzed. The commented jurisprudence illustrates the several opinion of jurists on this matter. Would the monopoly resulting from the intellectual property right benefit the market efficiency and regulation, despite the eventual effects against the consumer interests ? This paper seeks to reply such a question, by deepening the debate on the conflicts between the monopoly granted by industrial design to spare parts of complex objects and the consumer´s free choice. It also offers a legislative proposal intended to ensure the balance between the involved parties´ rights.
Swanson, Tayler John. "Properties of Mixing SAC Solder Alloys with Bismuthcontaining Solder Alloys for a Low Reflow Temperature Process." Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812766.
Full textThe subject of extensive research has been the establishing of lower temperature soldering of electronic assemblies that are similar to the once common yet still preferred eutectic Tin-Lead (SnPb) soldering manufacturing processes that are below 217 °C. This research opportunity will contribute data on mixed solder alloy assemblies that can be formed at lower process temperatures. There are many environmental and economic benefits of avoiding the current reliability concerns of assembling electronics at the standard high temperatures which peak at 230 °C 260 °C. To reduce this temperature the use of Bismuth containing solder pastes are mixing with the standard high temperature SAC solders for electronic assemblies. The materials evaluated are the (in weight percentages) 96.5Tin/3Silver/.5Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) solder ball mixed with each solder paste, the eutectic 58Bismuth/42Tin (58Bi/42Sn), 57Bi/42Sn /1Ag and a propriety alloy that has a lower Bismuth content along with various micro alloys, 40-58Bi/Sn/X (X representing proprietary micro alloys or doping). In the assembly portion of this research the solder alloys were exposed to three different peak temperatures 180 °C, 195 °C, 205 °C. Another reflow profile attribute of focus was times above 138 °C the melting point of the eutectic Sn58Bi alloy. The ball and paste assembly portion of this research used the times above melting of 120sec and 240sec to represent process extremes and verify their significance on improving mixing level results. These times above melting did not consistently improve the mixing levels and therefore are not recommended or required during mixed low temperature solder assemblies. The results in this study suggest the recommended and optimum reflow profile to have a time above the melting point to be less than or equal to 90 seconds for mixed solder alloy assemblies in “low” (< 200 °C) peak temperature reflow oven profiles. This attribute ensures a reflow window similar to that of the eutectic SnPb processing. The second leg of this research was with a component assembly of a large ball grid array at the same various peak temperatures with a single time above 138 °C, 90sec. This “large” (> 20mm a side) component is a SAC405 solder balled BGA with the dimensions of 42 × 28 × 0.8mm. With any large component the temperature gradient across the component is a risk factor and the results show that there are significantly differences of mixing from the center of the component to the edge due to an average 2.3 °C temperature difference during convection reflow. The average mixing % levels recorded for Tpeak= 180 °C for the solder pastes with a 58Bi = 47%, 57Bi = 47% and 40-58Bi = 44%. The average mixing % levels recorded for Tpeak= 195 °C for the solder pastes with a 58Bi = 69%, 57Bi = 77% and 40-58Bi = 57%. The conclusions found also match previous work identifying the reflow peak temperatures remain a significant factor on the mixing %. This work’s goal was to add to the knowledge of the electronics industry to better understanding the microstructure and mixing mechanisms of Bi/Sn/X-SAC solder joints for low temperature reflow assembly processes.
Cohen-Codar, Rébecca. "Le traitement du reflux gastro-oesophagien : aspects marketing, Lanzor 15mg, rétrospective, perspectives." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P166.
Full textReid, Pamela Patrice. "Variable Frequency Microwave Reflow of Lead-Free Solder Paste." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5011.
Full textHalilaj, Megi. "Analisi di un impianto di depurazione a fanghi attivi relativo ad acque reflue industriali alimentari: impianto di depurazione dell'azienda Tampieri s.p.a." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAmora, Júnior Marcelo Ramalho. "Avaliação em unidade piloto da desativação de catalisadores industriais de hidrotratamento." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/23176.
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The main objective of this work is to study the residual catalyst activity and the mechanisms of deactivation of catalyst from a lube-oil hydroprocessing industrial unit. In order to accomplish this, pilot plant tests were carried out followed by spent catalysts characterization. The residual catalytic activity was determined by HDA, HDS and HDN conversions and adjusted by a power law apparent kinetic model. Pilot plant tests revealed different levels of residual activity for spent catalyst samples. Catalyst samples taken from the first and last of the five catalytic beds showed higher deactivation than others. Catalyst characterization results pointed out two mechanisms as the main reason for the catalytic deactivation through the industrial reactor: poisoning by metal deposition (mainly Si and As) and coke deposition. Poisoning was the main deactivation mechanism for the first bed spent catalyst sample, while coke deposition was predominant at the last catalytic bed sample. Reactor temperature was identified as the most important operational parameter considering coke aging.
O objetivo principal é determinar a atividade catalítica residual e as causas da desativação de amostras de catalisadores de uma unidade de HDT de lubrificantes. Foram realizadas corridas em unidade piloto, caracterização dos catalisadores e coletados dados do histórico operacional da unidade industrial. A atividade catalítica foi determinada através das conversões das reações de HDA, HDS e HDN bem como pelos parâmetros cinéticos aparentes de um modelo de lei das potências e lei de Arrhenius. Os catalisadores dos leitos principais de entrada e saída dos reatores industrial foram os mais desativados e o menos desativado o do leito intermediário sendo estabelecida a seguinte ordem de atividade catalítica residual: R1L3 (meio) > R1L2 (topo) ³ R2L2 (fundo). Os resultados de teor e características do coque, contaminantes e propriedades texturais sugerem que mecanismos distintos tenham causado a desativação desses catalisadores: deposição de metais e deposição de coque. Os mecanismos de desativação foram fortemente influenciados pelo posicionamento das amostras no interior do leito catalítico. No início do leito, a contaminação por metais (notadamente Si e As) revelou-se o principal mecanismo de desativação. Já no final do leito, a deposição de coque foi o mecanismo preponderante e a temperatura de reação identificada como a principal causa para o maior envelhecimento do coque.
Ortega, Silva Matías Arturo. "Evaluación técnica y económica de tecnologías para calentar refino de una pila de biolixiviación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112108.
Full textLa biolixiviación de cobre en pilas es un método en crecimiento para la extracción de minerales sulfurados. Es sabido que a medida que aumenta la temperatura, aumenta la extracción de cobre, ya que se activa la acción de microrganismos que pueden lixiviar la calcopirita. El presente trabajo de título es una evaluación técnica y económica, a nivel de pre factibilidad, realizada en JHG Ingeniería, sobre distintas tecnologías para calentar el refino que se riega a las pilas de biolixiviación ROM de una compañía minera. En particular, se analizan tecnologías de tres fuentes energéticas: fósil (calderas), eléctrica (calentadores) y solar (colectores cilindro-parabólicos). Estas tecnologías se dimensionaron para aumentar la temperatura del refino en 5 y 10 ºC cada vez que pase por el sistema de calentamiento, considerando un flujo de refino de 16.500 m3/h. La información del efecto del aumento de temperatura sobre la extracción de cobre fue provista por una empresa externa, tomando en cuenta la influencia de distintos factores como el flujo de riego, la mineralogía, el plan de carga de la pila, la cinética y la termodinámica de las reacciones de lixiviación, el balance de masa y de energía y por supuesto la variación de la temperatura del refino. Todas estas variables fueron dadas por las condiciones de operación de la minera en estudio, bajo acuerdo de confidencialidad. Los resultados de esta modelación indican que existe aumento en la extracción de cobre al aumentar la temperatura del refino en 5 y 10 ºC en 18.000 y 41.000 ton anuales respectivamente con respecto a la extracción base de 208.000 ton/año. La evaluación económica al calentar el refino en 5 y 10 ºC revela que la inversión es respectivamente de MUS$ 16,8 y 29,8 para las calderas, MUS$ 35,9 y 68,5 para los calentadores eléctricos y MUS$ 284,0 y 568,0 para los colectores cilindro-parabólicos. Esta última, a pesar de ser la tecnología de mayor inversión, es la que entrega el VAN más alto para el periodo de evaluación de 15 años; MUS$ 442,8 y 1.068,3.
Pinto, Manuel. "Proyecto editorial: carátulas del grupo musical Los Jaivas. Testimonio histórico, reflejo de identidad e imagen de marca." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101092.
Full textAzevedo, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de. "Regulação ambiental e mudança tecnica na industria de refino de petroleo : o caso da refinaria de Paulinia." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287039.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Resumo: A dissertação discute a influência da regulação ambiental na adoção de novas técnicas produtivas e na modificação de técnicas existentes na indústria de refino de petróleo, particularmente na Refinaria de Paulínia (REPLAN). Para isso, são caracterizadas as técnicas adotadas para adequar os processos de refino à regulação que controla impactos locais (relacionados à proteção de recursos como água, ar e solo) e as técnicas adotadas para produzir diesel e gasolina menos poluentes, outra exigência dos órgãos de regulação ambiental. A pesquisa caracteriza tecnologias adotadas na REPLAN no final da década de 90 e as medidas regulatórias relacionadas à sua adoção. Sob a ótica da economia evolucionista, que considera que a tecnologia evolui conjuntamente ao contexto sócio-econômico, a regulação ambiental é apresentada como um elemento contextual determinante da busca e seleção de tecnologias que permitam atender à regulação com rentabilidade econômica, sendo um fator determinante da adoção de novas técnicas na indústria de refino. Na REPLAN, verifica-se que a regulação ambiental trouxe a necessidade de volumosos investimentos para a adequação de processos e produtos aos padrões estabelecidos
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Abstract: This dissertation discusses the influence of environmental regulation on the adoption of new production techniques and on the improvement of existing techniques in the refining petroleum industry, namely at the Paulínia Refinery (REPLAN). The dissertation describes the techniques adopted in order to fit refining processes into the regulation about environmental impacts (related to the protection of resources like water, air and soil), and also techniques adopted in order to produce less pollutant diesel and gasoline. The research characterizes technologies adopted in REPLAN at the end of the 90s and the regulatory measures related to the adoption of these techniques. The environmental regulation is presented under an evolutionary approach, considering that technology develops along whith the socio-economic context, the environmental regulation is a related element which determines the search and selection of technologies able to comply whith regulation ensuring economic viability. Regulation is also a determinant factor for the adoption of innovations in the refining industry. In REPLAN, the environmental regulation requires large investments in order to comply processes and products with the established standards
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Bauer-Lenoir, Virginie. "Le cinéma australien contemporain 1975-1988 : reflet d'une société." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030046.
Full textThe only way to account for the evolution of the australian film production from 1975 to 1988 is to study the policy of the australian federal governement and of the seven states as regard to the organization of the film industry, the dedication of the men and women who contributed to enrich the australian film heritage and the film themselves. The study of all these aspects comes as an answer to my desire to understand better the political, social and cultural beckground in which such a profound renewal of film production could take place in this country. It also makes possible to define the specificity of australian cinema
Silveira, Cíntia. "Proteção passiva de estruturas e sistemas elétricos contra incêndio aplicada a uma unidade de refino de petróleo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5778.
Full textGupta, Navin. "Reflexo dos gastos em P&D e inovação no valor de mercado das empresas químicas brasileiras." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8334.
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The objective of this dissertation is to study the importance of expenses on R & D and Innovation in the market value of companies in the chemical industry. This was a topic of debate in the restructuring of the petrochemical industry and resulted in the creation of Braskem, the first integrated petrochemical company in Brazil. The justifications for such vertical integration were the bigger capacity for investment in R & D and the increase in the value of companies in order to compete internationally. However, economists debated about the monopoly power of the new company and the possible increase of prices for the end consumers. Thus, this study analyzed data from the brazilian chemical industry from 1996 to 2008, obtained from the Yearbook of the Brazilian Chemical Industry (ABIQUIM). The models were estimated using estimators of fixed and random effect for an unbalanced panel data. The fixed effects estimation was chosen both for the estimation of the additive model, and for the multiplicative model. It is believed that the multiplicative model, besides being more general, is best suited for the modeling of interest, since it treats the differences between the sizes of the companies considered by linearization, and subsequent smoothing of the model. The estimated elasticity of expenditure on R & D and innovation in relation to market values of companies, indicated a positive relationship between these expenditures and the increase in value of companies. The coefficient of 0.26 indicates that a 1% increase in spending on R & D generate, on average, an increase of 0.26% in market value of these companies.
O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar a relevância dos gastos em P&D e Inovação no valor de mercado das empresas da indústria química brasileira. Este foi um tema de grande debate na reestruturação da indústria petroquímica e que resultou na criação da Braskem, a primeira petroquímica integrada brasileira. As justificativas para a referida integração vertical foram a maior capacidade para investimentos em P&D e o aumento do valor das empresas para poderem competir conforme os moldes internacionais. Por outro lado, economistas debatiam sobre o poder de monopólio da nova empresa e, consequentemente, o possível aumento de preços para o consumidor final. Desta forma, foram analisados nesse estudo os dados da indústria química brasileira de 1996 a 2008, obtidos no Anuário da Indústria Química Brasileira. Os modelos foram estimados utilizando estimadores de efeito fixos e aleatórios para um painel de dados não balanceado. A estimação por efeitos fixos foi escolhida, tanto para a estimação do modelo aditivo,quanto para o modelo multiplicativo. Acredita-se que o modelo multiplicativo, além de mais geral, seja o mais adequado para a modelagem de interesse, uma vez que ele trata as diferenças entre o porte das empresas consideradas por meio da linearização, e conseqüente suavização, do modelo. A elasticidade estimada dos gastos em P&D e inovação, com relação aos valores de mercado das empresas, indicou relacionamento positivo entre estes gastos e o aumento de valor das empresas. O coeficiente de 0,26 indica que um aumento de 1% nos gastos com P&D geram, em média, um aumento de 0,26% no valor de mercado destas empresas.
Clément, Sophie. "Les techniques de percussion : un reflet des changements techniques durant l’Acheuléen ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100033/2019PA100033.pdf.
Full textDuring Acheulean period, thousands of bifacial tools have been knapped from a vast range of raw materials like flint, volcanic stones (e.g.basalt, phonolite), bone or limestone. Technical and morpholigical variability of these emblematic tools can’t be denied and led to diverse interpretations regarding the means adopted to produce them. The percussion techniques often got presented as having an impact on the quality of execution or the degree of completion. This PhD aimed at understanding the link between percussion techniques and technical changes through the prism of grained and resistant raw materials by renewing the methodological approach. An experimentation completed only with african raw materials including knapped stones and percussive tools, in addition with a specific evaluation grid, entitles us to observe physical reactions and to talk about scarrecognition. Structural analysis of bifacial tools related to percussion techniques helps to define the link between those techniques and the morphological shapes of the tools and thererefore understanding the resulting hierarchy. More analysis of archaeological lithic assembling from sites in southern France and an other experimentation on quartizte underline the importance of the original (or initial) concept and of the tool’s structure. These perspectives entitle us to propose a new reflexion about the importance of those percussion techniques during Acheulean period
Falivene, Riccardo. "Revamping di un depuratore, studio dei parametri e verifica dei rendimenti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textIandoli, Mariaclara. "Applicazione di fiocchi di fibre di polistirene sindiotattico per la rimozione di composti organici volatili da matrici acquose." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23253/.
Full textVasconcelos, Geovane Vitor. "A Técnica Iterativa de Reconstrução Tomográfica Baseada em Sistemas de Partículas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10255.
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A tomografia computadorizada tem se consolidado como uma alternativa bastante eficiente na investigação do processo industrial do refino de petróleo. O seu produto final, a imagem reconstruída, é objeto de estudo em uma área de intenso interesse, e inclui métodos de reconstrução advindos dos mais distintos campos de pesquisa. Esta tese apresenta um método de reconstrução iterativo baseado numa abstração chamada em computação gráfica de sistemas de partículas, o PSIRT. O método foi concebido originalmente para atuar em arranjos de tomógrafo com limitado número de trajetórias de raios gama, um requerimento de extrema importância para as aplicações industriais. O PSIRT representa fragmentos do objeto a ser reconstruído como partículas sujeitas a um campo de forças em torno das trajetórias. Tal campo é gerado pelas diferenças entre os dados de entrada de atenuação da trajetória e os dados computados numa dada iteração, baseados na quantidade de partículas presentes num envelope em torno da trajetória. O posicionamento do conjunto de partículas é iterativamente modificado para que essas diferenças atinjam um valor aceitável. Algumas iterações de ajustes de parâmetros são aplicadas de forma alternada com as iterações da dinâmica das partículas. Praticamente todos os diversos resultados da aplicação do PSIRT em dados simulados e também em dados experimentais sugerem uma superioridade qualitativa em relação a métodos algébricos consagrados. Os sinogramas simulados foram produzidos a partir de diferentes tipos de fantomas, incluindo duas configurações estacionárias observadas no estudo de fluidodinâmica, e as comparações foram feitas com o algoritmo ART e alguns de seus variantes, e incluiu uma métrica concebida para capturar formas geométricas. Uma das características mais marcantes do PSIRT é a ausência de ruídos de ordem global, um dos problemas enfrentados por outros métodos em número limitado de trajetórias. Os sinogramas de dados experimentais foram produzidos num tomógrafo de alta velocidade de raios gama (tomógrafo HSGT), como também num tomógrafo de 1ª geração. Embora os dados ruidosos tenham afetado sensivelmente o desempenho do PSIRT, verificou-se que este fato se deu menos no método do que nos métodos algébricos. Tais considerações presentes nesta tese conferem ao PSIRT a condição de um método bastante competitivo em aplicações de tomografia industrial.
José, Andreia Silva de São. "Identificação de indicadores globais para as áreas de sustentabilidade ambiental e responsabilidade social: estudo de caso em uma indústria de fornecimento de insumos para o refino de petróleo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2617.
Full textThe integration of environmental sustainability with social responsibility has increasingly been the focus of numerous discussions worldwide. The appreciation of the worker and environmental preservation gain importance as a management tool, not only to fulfill the law, but also to improve quality, competitiveness and demands of society. The social and environmental indicators as a tool of support, seek to meet the needs of social and environmental information with business expectations. In this context, this study highlights the need for the proposition that global indicators integrated and systemic assist in managing business results excel for the development of convergent way to sustainability in the various areas that make up the industry in supplying inputs for petroleum refining. With the use of a questionnaire on relevance and availability of data on indicators and using the methodology of the weighted sum was organized a priority between the indicators surveyed in the company, adjacent to the proposition of indicators of social responsibility. Were then prepared their global indicators: environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Thus, larger studies are recommended for the continued development of global indicators to contribute to positioning theory and evaluation of practical performances
Mazzacani, Valentina. "La gestione delle acque nell'industria ceramica: il caso di studio della Florim Ceramiche SpA." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textWary, Marc. "Développement d'un nouvel alliage de brasage sans plomb pour des applications à haute température en microélectronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE000.
Full textMainly used as electronic solders, lead and lead containing materials are considered to be a major threat to human health and environment. Recent EU directive RoHS has established the maximum concentration at 0.1%. However, there is a lack of substitutes for PbSnAg alloy for high-operating temperature applications in the electronics industry so that this PhD aims at developing one possible reliable substitutional alloy without lead considering reflow soldering. Several alloys with different chemical compositions were selected based on literature and thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc. They were then elaborated and characterized through microstructure as well as physical-chemical, electrical and mechanical properties: one them was finally preserved but its low thermal conductivity obliged us to add reinforcements with high conductivity leading to an interesting composite alloy (λ = 61 W.m-1.K-1). Several properties linked to service life and aging still remain to be assessed on industrial assemblies
Delgado, Aguilar Marc. "Nanotecnología en el sector papelero: mejoras en calidad y permanencia de las fibras de alto rendimiento y secundarias en una economía circular mediante el uso de nanofibras y el refino enzimático." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/326743.
Full textL’aplicació de la bio i la nano tecnologia en el sector paperer en general i, més concretament, en el subsector del reciclatge i les pastes d’alt rendiment és pràcticament inexistent o molt incipient. En aquest sentit, en aquesta tesi s’utilitzen nanofibres de cel·lulosa (CNF), tant en massa com en superfície, per tal d’incrementar les propietats físico-mecàniques del paper de fibres secundàries i d’alt rendiment. A més, amb l’objectiu d’assolir fins i tot propietats físico-mecàniques superiors, es van utilitzar tècniques de refinat enzimàtic en combinació amb l’addició de CNF. Es va constatar que el refinat mecànic de les fibres secundàries permet la fabricació de papers amb les mateixes prestacions físico-mecàniques que el paper original, sense la possibilitat d’incrementar les propietats. D’altra banda, l’addició de CNF i el refinat enzimàtic doten als papers de propietats que els obren les portes a nous horitzons d’aplicació on els requeriments físico-mecànics són superiors.
Morita, Dione Mari. "Tratabilidade de águas residuárias contendo poluentes perigosos: estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-05052017-083302/.
Full textTraditionally, raw materials from solvent recovery and from reclaimed lubricating oil industries are considered hazardous solid waste. Consequently, the best control technology is incineration. This work was developed in order to characterize and to study ways of treating wastewaters from lubricating oil refinery and solvent recovery industries. The experimental part was divided in two phases. The preliminar step aimed to evaluate the biodegradability of combined wastewater from both industries. The second phase was basically carried out in a pilot plant composed by an air stripping unit/equalization tank, pH correction tanks and bioreactors with different retention times, followed by sedimentation tanks. Other than these assays, tests were performed to evaluate the removal of soluble material in n-hexane of the wastewater of the lubricating oil refinery industry and of the supernatant of the sedimentation tank after the bioreactor of 20 days retention.The buble aeration unit operating with a 15 mmHg suppresion to the gas exit, with a specific air flow of 20 mL/L.min. and with a retention time of 5 days was efficient to remove acetone, pyridine, benzene, toluene, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone and probably chlorinated solvents. There was no significative removal of alcohols, that were efficiently degraded in the subsequent biological system. BOD and COD removal efficiencies were better than 90% in the biological process with retention times of 20 and 30 days, and about 80% for the rest. The responses of biological systems to the transient inputs of solvents were well, except for toluene and isopropilic alcohol. Several physico-chemical processes for soluble material in n-hexane removal were studied. The only one to present effluent concentration under the legal limit was the addition of the sodium xylene-sulphonate base demulsifier to the supernatant of the sedimentation tank the bioreactor of 20 days retention.
Wathier, Ludivine. "Modifications de l’amplitude du réflexe de l’oreille moyenne après inhalation de solvant. Conséquences physiologiques pour les expositions au bruit." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0211/document.
Full textThe middle-ear reflex (MER) reduces acoustic energy carried by the high intensity noises rich in low frequencies at entering the cochlea. His bilateral trigger thus protects the cochlea. Disruption of this reflex by solvents can increase cochleo-traumatic effects of noise, especially among industrial workers, where noise and solvent are often associated. The main objective of this work was to develop a screening test capable of identifying the volatile substances that could modify the reflex. Moreover, the choice of solvents allowed us to study the mode of action of solvents on the neurons involved in the reflex circuit. For this purpose, Brown Norway rats were anesthetized and then exposed to aromatic solvents selected according to their lipophilicity (log Kow) and/or their structure. The amplitude of the MER is determined by measuring cubic distortion product oto-acoustic emissions. For that, aromatic solvents appear to act directly on the neuronal targets involved in the acoustic reflex circuit, rather than on membrane fluidity. The affinity of this interaction is determined by stereospecific parameters rather than lipophilocity. Additionally, NMR spectra for brain microsomes confirmed that brain lipid fluidity was unaffected by toluene exposure. In conclusion, the MER can be used to detect hazardous volatiles substances for the hearing when co-exposed to noise. Moreover, this study revealed that aromatic solvents have a neuropharmacological and/or cochleotoxic action that can act separately on the hearing of workers exposed to noise and solvents simultaneously
Liu, Pei-min, and 劉沛民. "A Study of Industrial Development, Technological Innovation and Marketing Strategies for Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52951276514898730416.
Full text美和技術學院
經營管理研究所
98
The highly competitive scenario of digital single lens reflex (DSLR) market has been playing out with their advanced technology overwhelmingly overshadowing the conventional SLR, as can be attested to by the sharply rising popularity and sales, rapidly predominating in terms of market share. The three global market giants, Canon, Nikon and Sony compete heatedly in regard to specifications, functions and marketing strategy, trying to take the lead in technical evolution. Customer perception is the factor determining which company will become the top brand in the world of high-quality digital images. Based on technological innovation and marketing strategy, this study aimed to examine the factors that influence the market of DSLR, and how the enterprises managed their affairs in the market during the past five years to achieve their planned sales target and market share growth. In this research, 10 major sales channel managers across Taiwan were interviewed deeply to explore the factors that might influence the three big brands’ the market share. The research has reached the following findings: 1. User-friendly “technological innovation” rapidly increases the sales for the whole industry. 2. Current product technology has been almost mature. Technological innovation can raise short-term sales, but the other dominating factor is marketing strategy. Finally, the conclusions and proposed suggestions are offered as reference for the industry.
Ferreira, Ana Mónica da Luz 1985. "O ferro na arquitectura : a sua expressão e reflexo no processo de pensar." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11067/3262.
Full textExame público realizado em 6 de Fevereiro de 2013
A seguinte dissertação pretende explorar as possibilidades e capacidades do ferro como material de arquitectura. Durante a Revolução Industrial no século XIX, engenheiros e arquitectos tomaram conhecimento do mesmo, alterando o modo tradicional de fazer arquitectura. Este material ganha um forte impacto devido às suas particularidades, sendo por isso um material utilizado até os dias de hoje. Deste modo é pretendido ao longo deste trabalho contextualizar o ferro na história da arquitectura, analisando as suas possibilidades e capacidades, onde é aplicado e o porquê de ser ainda um material essencial para os arquitectos actualmente. Foi elaborada uma análise de várias obras de diferentes autores, em diferentes épocas, as quais serviram como referência conceptual para o projecto elaborado ao longo do 5.º ano da Faculdade, também apresentado nesta dissertação.
Beaudoin-Jobin, Charles. "Uranium à Sept-Îles : ethnographie d'un refus. Essai de résistance populaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9156.
Full textThis thesis focuses on a social critical phenomenon that recently has gained in importance in Quebec: the rise of popular resistance groups against the exploitations of natural resources. Based on an empirical study, the author explores the questions of collective struggles and highlights the various modalities of commitments that, by their structures and compositions, of "expert systems", are reflected in the public space that, slowly, becomes an important factor in the political arena. The dynamics of these resistance movements also tend to influence upstream development projects and to materialize downstream, in the early stages of territorial appropriation, that is to say, the first exploratory work as such. Based on the observation of Terra Ventures project on Quebec’s North-Shore uranium explorations, the author focuses on the multiple collective references that are all perspectives of understanding for this phenomenon. Through the study of this popular resistance, specifically in the city of Sept-Îles, which has emerged against the explorative project, it is the Quebec mining industry, its history, its myths, and its memory that appear as a fundamental landmark.