Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reflux index

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reflux index'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reflux index"

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Reichel, O., and W. J. Issing. "Impact of different pH thresholds for 24-hour dual probe pH monitoring in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 5 (May 23, 2007): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107008390.

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AbstractObjectives:The gold standard test for laryngopharyngeal reflux is 24-hour pH monitoring, which determines the reflux area index with a pH threshold of less than four (i.e. the reflux area index four). However, refluxed pepsin is able to cause laryngeal injury at pH levels above five.Study design:Prospective study.Materials and methods:In order to establish normative values for a reflux area index with a pH threshold of less than five (i.e. the reflux area index five), 29 healthy volunteers underwent pH monitoring. In 45 patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux, reflux area index four and reflux area index five were determined by pH study.Results:In healthy volunteers, the reflux area index five was 72.6 (95th percentile). In 29 of 44 patients, laryngopharyngeal reflux was diagnosed due to a reflux area index four of greater than 6.3. However, the reflux area index five revealed laryngopharyngeal reflux in six more patients.Conclusions:For exact analysis of pH monitoring results, two pH thresholds (less than four and less than five) must be considered. Further studies with a larger number of healthy volunteers are necessary in order to reveal normative values for the reflux area index five parameter.
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Mesallam, Tamer A., Joseph C. Stemple, Tarek M. Sobeih, and Ravindhra G. Elluru. "Reflux Symptom Index versus Reflux Finding Score." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116, no. 6 (June 2007): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600608.

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Sharma, Anshu, and Dhundi Raj Paudel. "Correlation between Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 18, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v18i2.38898.

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Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extra esophageal variant of gastro esophageal reflux disease and is characterized by change in voice, recurrent throat clearing, chronic cough, discomfort in throat, globus. The larynx and pharynx are devoid of the normal acid clearance mechanism even three episodes of reflux per week seems to be associated with a significant disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2020 in total of 65 patients presented in department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nepalgunj Medcial College and Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj. Reflux symptom index questionnaire with nine Questions were answered by patients on a 5 point scale. Reflux symptom index of more than 13 out of total score of 45 was considered to indicate Laryngopharyngeal reflux were as, reflux finding score was based on laryngoscopic findings after evaluating 8 items. Score more than 7 out of 26 was taken as an indicator for presence of Laryngopharyngeal reflux. Results: The reflux symptom index was more than 13 on 22 patients withmean11.85±3.48 and reflux finding score was more than 7 on 11 patients with mean 5.02±3.23 with statistically moderate correlation between reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (p=0.000,r=0.595). Conclusion: There is moderate correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score. The combined use of these questionnaires and laryngoscopic findings can be more precise, practical and cost effective in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
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Andriani, Yunida, Muhammad Amsyar Akil, Masyita Gaffar, and Abdul Qadar Punagi. "Deteksi pepsin pada penderita refluks laringofaring yang didiagnosis berdasarkan reflux symptom index dan reflux finding score." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v41i2.48.

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Background: It is estimated that more than 50% of patients with voice disorders who come fortreatment are caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). LPR has been implicated in the etiology ofmany laryngeal disorders including subglottic stenosis, laryngeal carcinoma, laryngeal contact ulcer,laryngospasm and vocal nodule on the vocal cords. Ambulatory 24 hour double-probe (pharyngeal andesophageal) pH monitoring is the gold standard examination for diagnosing LPR, but it is still far fromideal criteria.The assessment of pepsin in airway secretions could be used as a sensitive diagnosticmarker of LPR because pepsin is not synthesized by any type of airway cells. Purpose: The aim ofthis study was to detect the presence of pepsin on laryingopharyngeal reflux patients which diagnosedbased on reflux symptom index (RSI) dan reflux finding score (RFS) at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital,Makassar. Methods: This is a comparative quantitative study. We performed RSI and RFS examinationson 51 samples, followed by saliva pepsin detection using ELISA method on 48 samples, then analyzed withSpearman’s Rho test. Result: RSI score >13 was found in 48 samples (94,12%) and RFS score >7 wasin 51 samples (100%). Pepsin was detected on all sputum samples, however there was no significant relationship betwen RSI and RFS scoring with the level of pepsin in saliva (p>0.01). Conclusion: Pepsin was detected on saliva of patients with laringopharyngeal reflux who was diagnosed based on RSI andRFS. We concluded that RSI and RFS can be used as diagnostic tools for LPR. Keywords: laringopharyngeal reflux, reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, pepsin Abstrak : Latar belakang: Diperkirakan lebih dari 50% pasien dengan gangguan suara yang datang berobatke dokter THT diakibatkan oleh refluks laringofaring (RLF). Diduga RLF berperan pada patogenesissejumlah kelainan pada laring, termasuk stenosis subglotik, karsinoma laring, laryngeal contact ulcers,laringospasme dan vokal nodul pada pita suara. Pemeriksaan ambulatory 24 hour double-probe pHmonitoring merupakan gold standard untuk mendiagnosis RLF, namun pemeriksaan ini masih jauh darikriteria ideal. Menentukan adanya pepsin pada sekret saluran napas merupakan petanda diagnostik yangsensitif untuk RLF karena pepsin tidak dihasilkan oleh sel apapun dalam saluran napas. Tujuan: Penelitianini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan pepsin pada penderita refluks laringofaring yang didiagnosisberdasarkan refluks symptom index (RSI) dan reflux finding score (RFS). Metode: Jenis penelitian iniadalah komparatif kuantitatif. Dilakukan pemeriksaan RSI dan RFS pada 51 percontoh dan dilanjutkandengan pemeriksaan pepsin saliva menggunakan metode ELISA pada 48 percontoh lalu dilakukan ujiSpearman’s Rho. Hasil: Skor RSI >13 sebanyak 48 percontoh (94,12%) dan skor RFS >7 sebanyak 51percontoh (100%). Pepsin terdeteksi pada saliva semua percontoh. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermaknaantara skoring RSI dan RFS dengan kadar pepsin pada saliva (p>0,01). Kesimpulan: RSI dan RFS dapatdigunakan dalam menegakkan diagnosis RLF. Kata kunci: refluks laringofaring, reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, pepsin
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Hutnik, Robert, Aaron Zlatopolsky, Sina Mehraban-Far, James Alrassi, Nadia McMillan, Chima Amadi, Kevin Fujita, and Melissa Mortensen. "Laryngopharyngeal reflux: Comparing improvements in reflux symptom index with reflux finding score." American Journal of Otolaryngology 41, no. 6 (November 2020): 102730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102730.

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Kwon, Tack-Kyun, and Dong Wook Kim. "Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease：Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score." Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 20, no. 1 (May 2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.2009.20.1.9.

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Printza, Athanasia, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Eirini Oikonomidou, and Stefanos Triaridis. "Assessing Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms with the Reflux Symptom Index." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 6 (October 10, 2011): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811425142.

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Objective. To validate the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in Greek patients and estimate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in the Greek population. Study Design. Prospective, controlled validation study. Setting. Tertiary referral hospital and primary care. Subjects and Methods. For validation purposes, the instrument was administered to 53 patients with confirmed LPR. Sex- and age-matched controls with no LPR or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms presenting in a primary care setting composed the control group. Reliability and construct validity were statistically appraised. Using the RSI, the authors estimated the prevalence of LPR in a randomly selected sample of the Greek adult population. Results. The mean (SD) RSI score of the 172 sex- and age-matched controls was 3.2 (3.5). The mean (SD) RSI score of the 53 confirmed LPR patients was 19.9 (6.8). Cronbach α was 0.865. Factor analysis verified that the RSI instrument consists of 2 principal factors. To estimate the prevalence of LPR, a representative sample of the Greek adult population (188 subjects) completed the RSI questionnaire: 36.3% were male, and 29.6% were smokers. Mean (SD) age was 53.4 (17.7) years. The instrument was able to discriminate 16 patients with LPR symptoms with a mean (SD) score of 18.91 (6.39). Conclusion. The authors evaluated the internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the RSI for the Greek population. Factor analysis of the Greek translation of the RSI demonstrated that it can be a reliable tool in the diagnostic approach of LPR patients. Using the RSI, the authors recorded that the prevalence of LPR in a representative sample of the Greek population is 8.5%.
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Thejas, SaaiRam, Ganganamoni Rajamohan, Mohan Sindu, and Kowsalya Swarna. "Usefulness of the reflux symptom index in laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology and Voice 11, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlv.jlv_11_20.

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DEHGHANI, Seyed Mohsen, Seyed Alireza TAGHAVI, Hazhir JAVAHERIZADEH, and Maryam NASRI. "COMBINED 24-HOURS ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING AND MULTICHANNEL INTRALUMINAL IMPEDANCE FOR COMPARISON OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN WITH TYPICAL VERSUS ATYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 53, no. 3 (September 2016): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032016000300002.

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ABSTRACT Background - Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common esophageal disorder in pediatrics. Objective - The aim of this study was to compare reflux parameters of typical and atypical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease using 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal impedance in pediatric population. Methods - In this prospective study, 43 patients aged less than 18 year with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the main presenting symptoms (typical versus atypical). Twenty four-hour pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal impedance were performed in all the patients for comparing these two group regarding association of symptoms and reflux. Number of refluxes, pH related reflux, total reflux time, reflux more than 5 minutes, longest time of the reflux, lowest pH at reflux, reflux index were recorded and compared. Data comparison was done using SPSS. Results - The mean age of the patients was 5.7±3.4 years and 65.1% were male. Out of 43 patients 24 cases had typical symptoms and 19 had atypical symptoms. The mean reflux events detected by multichannel intraluminal impedance was more than mean reflux events detected by pH monitoring (308.4±115.8 vs 69.7±66.6) with P value of 0.037, which is statistically significant. The mean symptom index and symptom association probability were 35.01% ± 20.78% and 86.42% ± 25.79%, respectively in multichannel intraluminal impedance versus 12.73% ± 12.48% and 45.16% ± 42.29% in pH monitoring (P value <0.001). Number of acid reflux was 46.26±47.16 and 30.9±22.09 for atypical and typical symptoms respectively. The mean symptom index was 18.12% ± 13.101% and 8.30% ± 10.301% in atypical and typical symptoms respectively (P=0.034). Bolus clearance was longer in atypical symptoms compared typical symptoms(P<0.05). Conclusion - Symptom index was significantly higher in atypical symptoms compared to typical symptoms. Higher number of acid reflux was found in children with atypical symptoms of reflux. Longer duration of bolus clearance was found in group with atypical symptoms of reflux.
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Wang, Lu, Jia-Jie Tan, Ting Wu, Rui Zhang, Jia-Nuan Wu, Fang-Fang Zeng, You-Li Liu, Xiao-Yan Han, Yan-Fei Li, and Xiang-Ping Li. "Association between Laryngeal Pepsin Levels and the Presence of Vocal Fold Polyps." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816676471.

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Objective To determine whether pepsin, the main component of refluxed gastric contents, is significantly associated with vocal fold polyps and to evaluate the diagnostic value of pepsin in vocal fold polyps’ tissues. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Subjects and Methods The study included 32 patients with vocal fold polyps and 16 healthy controls between 2011 and 2012. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score assessments, 24-hour combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring, and biopsy of the vocal fold polyp tissues or posterior laryngeal mucosa (healthy controls) for immunohistochemical pepsin staining were performed. Results The expression of pepsin was significantly higher in patients with vocal fold polyps than in controls (28/32, 75% vs 5/16, 31.25%; P < .001). The pepsin levels were significantly positively correlated with upright position pharyngeal acid reflux and esophageal reflux parameters adjusted by age. Based on pepsin staining data, the sensitivity and negative predictive values of 24-hour pH monitoring, the reflux symptom index, and the reflux finding score were 70% to 84.62%, whereas their specificity and positive predictive values were relatively low (20%-31.58%). Conclusion Pepsin reflux may be a risk factor for vocal fold polyps formation. In addition, pepsin immunohistochemical analysis of polyp biopsy samples appears to be a more sensitive and effective test for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux than the reflux symptom index, the reflux finding score, and 24-hour pH monitoring in a clinical setting.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reflux index"

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Oliveira, Andrea Dean de. "Parametros da monitorização do pH intra-esofagico em diferentes apresentações clinicas da doença de refluxo gastroesofagico." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309092.

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Orientador: Elizete Aparecida Lomazi da Costa Pinto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T00:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_AndreaDeande_M.pdf: 1182861 bytes, checksum: 40afd327a643407a1f1a9d4fa020e977 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Na faixa etária pediátrica, a apresentação clínica da doença do refluxo gastroesofãgico é bastante inespecífica, dificultando o diagnóstico clínico da doença. A monitorização prolongada do pH intra-esofágico determina a freqüência e duração dos episódios de refluxo ácido para o esôfago, mas, em crianças acima de 2 anos, a relação entre os valores do índice de refluxo e as diferentes apresentações clinicas da doença de refluxo gastroesofãgico tem sido pouco avaliada. O presente estudo pretendeu identificar os resultados dos estudos prolongados do pH intra-esofágico e associá-los ao quadro clinico dos pacientes. A apresentação clínica foi dividida em quatro grupos, de acordo com a sintomatologia predominante: regurgitador, digestivo, respiratório e portadores de paralisia cerebral. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio de estudo transversal, retrospectivo e analítico, através do levantamento dos resultados de monitorizações prolongadas do pH intra-esofágico realizadas no Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2004. Análises descritivas e de associação foram realizadas, foi utilizado o teste Qui Quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Os dados clínicos de 131 pacientes (1 a 20,6 anos) e seus respectivos exames foram revisados. Os motivos que mais freqüentemente determinaram a investigação laboratorial foram: vômitos, anemia, baixo ganho ponderal e pneumonias de repetição. Encontrou-se que 89 (67,9%) dos pacientes tinham um estudo de pHmetria anormal, mas no grupo regurgitador, o exame foi alterado em apenas 4 de 18 pacientes. Nenhuma das queixas clínicas esteve associada a valores de índice de refluxo > 4. Não houve associação significativa entre presença de esofagite péptica diagnosticada pela endoscopia digestiva alta e o valor do índice de refluxo. A distribuição dos valores de índice de refluxo em MPE não guardou relação com a manifestação clínica ou a presença de esofagite num grupo de crianças avaliadas em hospital universitário
Abstract: A diversity of symptoms may be attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. A 24-h pH monitoring of the lower esophagus identifies frequency and duration of the acid reflux episodes, but the association between symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and pH-monitoring data has been investigated in few studies involving children. This study aimed to identify data of the pH-monitoring studies in children and correlate them to the clinical picture. Data of pH-monitoring studies performed from January 1999 to December 2004 in a Medical School Hospital were analyzed. Patients were classified into four groups according to their predominant clinical symptom: infant regurgitation, digestive symptoms, respiratory symptoms and cerebral palsy. Clinical data and pH-monitoring reports from 131 patients (1 to 20.6 years) were analyzed. The most frequent reasons for laboratorial investigation were vomiting, anemia, poor weight gain and recurrent pneumonia. It was found that 89 (67.9%) patients had an abnormal pH-metry study, although only 4 of 18 patients in the regurgitation group. No clinical group was related to reflux index >4. There was no significant association between peptic esophagitis, confirmed by upper digestive endoscopy, and reflux index. In this group of children reflux inex were not associated to clinical presentation or to upper digestive endoscopy data
Mestrado
Pediatria
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Nilsson, Magnus. "Etiology of gastroesophageal reflux /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-852-1/.

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Musser, Joy D. "A Comparison of rating scales and measures used in the diagnosis of extraesophageal reflux." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1235593478.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Lisa Kelchner PhD (Committee Co-Chair), Jean Neils-Strunjas PhD (Committee Co-Chair), Marshall Montrose PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 28, 2009). Keywords: Extraesophageal reflux; pH probe monitoring; Reflux Area Index; Reflux Symptom Index; Reflux Finding Score. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gunnbjörnsdóttir, María Ingibjörg. "Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in Nordic Countries, Environmental and Personal Risk Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7076.

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The overall aims of our studies were to identify risk factors for respiratory symptoms and asthma in indoor environment but even to look at some personal risk factors such as body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux. The study population is based on participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I and II.

In the first study, water damage and visible moulds were reported in 7.4% and 17% of the homes respectively. The combination of water damage and visible moulds was independently associated with attacks of breathlessness when resting and after activity and also to long term cough. In the second study, the prevalence of nocturnal GER increased with higher BMI and the same pattern could be seen for habitual snoring. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms increased in prevalence along with the BMI gradient. In the multivariable analysis, obesity and nocturnal GER were independent risk factors for onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Habitual snoring was an independent risk factor for onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms, but not for onset of asthma. In the third study, a total of 18% of the subjects reported indoor dampness in the last 12 months and 27% of the subjects reported indoor dampness since the previous survey. Respiratory symptoms and asthma were significantly more prevalent in individuals exposed to indoor dampness and indoor dampness was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms and asthma after adjusting for possible confounders. Indoor dampness was an independent risk factor for onset of respiratory symptoms but not for asthma onset. Remission of respiratory symptoms was less likely to occur if subjects reported indoor dampness. In the fourth study, the lowest prevalence of atopy and the lowest levels of all indoor allergens, bacteria and moulds were found in Iceland. A positive association was found, between cat allergen exposure and asthma symptoms and between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the amount of viable mould in indoor air.

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OShea, Brittany L. "Eye Movement Control: An Index for Athleticism." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5039.

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Athletic potential is one of the most complex human traits. An elite athlete is produced from a complex interaction of an innumerable number of traits exhibited by the athlete. However, it’s not clear whether these traits are innate, allowing the athlete to excel, or, alternatively, are a consequence of practice. To be successful, athletes rely heavily on sensory information from the visual and vestibular systems. This study investigated the relationship eye movement control has with innate athleticism by comparing the saccadic and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) responses of former, no longer practicing, elite athletes against their age and gender matched counterparts who were non-elite or non-athletes. Results showed subjects who participated in athletic activities longer (regardless of type or level achieved), showed both significantly better VOR suppression capabilities, as well as higher head velocities while suppressing their VOR. Although, these results are correlative in nature, they do not support the potential that VOR suppression is a learned trait of athletes. A longitudinal study would be required to assess this relationship fully.
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Nelson, Jakob James Filion Diane L. "Startle eye-blink reflex as an index of emotion regulation in high and low monitors." Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in psychology." Advisor: Diane L. Filion. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120). Online version of the print edition.
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Garabedian, Charles. "Développement d’un nouvel indice reflet du bien être fœtal : le Fetal Stress Index." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S022/document.

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La surveillance du bien-être fœtal pendant le travail repose essentiellement sur l’enregistrement du rythme cardiaque fœtal (RCF). Celui-ci, même continu pendant le travail, ne permet pas d’évaluer parfaitement l’oxygénation du fœtus ni le risque d’asphyxie néonatale. En effet, cet outil est imparfait et son évaluation subjective avec une importante variabilité d’interprétation inter et intra opérateur. Des examens dits de seconde ligne sont utilisés en pratique courante pour caractériser l’état fœtal : le prélèvement de sang fœtal au scalp pour l’étude de l’équilibre acido-basique du fœtus (pH ou lactates) ou la pose d’électrode au scalp pour étudier l’ECG fœtal (analyse du segment ST). Ces techniques sont néanmoins invasives et sont soumises à des contraintes techniques. Il y a donc un intérêt à développer des moyens d’évaluation du bien être fœtal à la fois objectifs et non invasifs afin de diminuer la survenue d’une asphyxie périnatale. En effet, celle-ci touche 3 à 8 nouveaux nés pour 1000 naissances. La mortalité en période post-natale est de 25 à 50% des cas et ceux qui survivent développeront des troubles sévères (épilepsie, retard neuro-cognitif et comportemental, paralysie cérébrale…). Au cours de l’accouchement, l’asphyxie périnatale se caractérise par une diminution du pH artériel ombilical. Cette mesure du pH sanguin est donc la mesure de référence pour déterminer la sévérité de l’asphyxie.Une des voies étudiées pour améliorer le dépistage des fœtus à risque d’acidose est l’analyse des modifications du système nerveux autonome (SNA) par analyse de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque fœtal. En effet, la fréquence cardiaque fœtale est en permanence sous l’influence du système nerveux autonome et sa variabilité (VFC) est un reflet de la balance sympathique / parasympathique. Le CHU de Lille a développé une nouvelle méthode d’analyse continue de la VFC ayant montré son efficacité chez l’adulte et chez le nouveau né pour l’évaluation du SNA. L’objectif de ce travail de Thèse est d’adapter cette technologie à l’analyse du SNA fœtal pour obtenir un nouvel indice appelé Fetal Stress Index (FSI) et d’évaluer sa pertinence en situation d’acidose.Cette preuve de concept a été effectuée de manière expérimentale chez le fœtus de brebis. Elle s’est réalisée en 2 temps. Nous avons tout d’abord évalué la performance du FSI par rapport aux méthodes classiques d’analyse de la VFC en termes d’aptitude à détecter les variations du SNA. Après injection d’Atropine, parasympatholytique, ou de Propranolol, sympatholytique, nous avons montré que le FSI était une méthode efficace et spécifique d’évaluation des variations du tonus parasympathique du SNA. Cette étude a également montrée la supériorité du FSI par rapport aux méthodes classiques d’analyse de la VFC en termes de sensibilité et de spécificité. Dans un second temps, nous avons évalué ce nouvel indice comme facteur prédictif de l’état acido basique du fœtus dans 2 modèles expérimentaux d’occlusion cordonale. Dans le premier modèle, l’acidose était obtenue par une occlusion continue du cordon avec une réduction de partielle du débit ombilical. Dans le second, nous réalisions des occlusions totales répétées à intervalles réguliers afin de mimer les contractions utérines lors du travail. Dans les 2 études, nous avons observé une hausse du FSI en cas d’acidose avec une corrélation significative entre le FSI et le pH, mais aussi entre le FSI et les lactates dans le second modèle.En conclusion, le FSI constitue un bon reflet de l’activité parasympathique fœtale. Cet indice permet d’étudier les variations du SNA fœtal avec une meilleure sensibilité et une meilleure spécificité que les méthodes usuelles d’analyse de la VFC et semble bien corrélé à l’état acido basique fœtal. Il s’agit donc d’un indice prometteur qu’il sera intéressant d’incorporer dans une analyse multi paramétrique du rythme cardiaque fœtal
The monitoring of fetal well being during labor is essentially based on fetal heart rate (FHR) analysis. The recording of FHR, even continuously during labor, does not fully assess fetal oxygenation or neonatal risk of asphyxia. Indeed, this tool is imperfect and subjective with an important inter and intra-operator variability. Second-line examinations to characterize the fetal state are currently used in routine practice, i.e. scalp fetal blood sampling to study the fetal acid-base balance (pH or lactates) or scalp electrode placement to study the fetal ECG (ST segment analysis). These techniques are nevertheless invasive and subject to technical constraints. There is therefore an interest in developing both objective and non-invasive means of evaluating fetal wellbeing to reduce neonatal encephalopathy. Indeed, its prevalence is about 3 to 8 per 1000 births. Post natal mortality is about 25 to 50% and survivors will hav severe diseases (epilepsy, neurologic impairment, cerebral palsy…).One of the possibilities studied to better identify fetuses at risk for acidosis is the analysis of changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to hypoxia.Indeed, the regulation of heart rate is dependent on the ANS and thus, its variability is a reflection of the sympathetic / parasympathetic balance. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a recognized non-invasive tool that is used to assess ANS regulation. The CHU Lille has developed a new continuous tool for the analysis of HRV, which demonstrated its efficacity in adults and neonates to evaluate the ANS. The objective of this thesis was to develop its index, called Fetal Stress Index (FSI), in the fetus and to evaluate it in conditions of acidosis.The study was experimental in a sheep model chronically instrumented and was in 2 steps. First, we evaluate the performance of our method compared to commonly used HRV analysis, regarding the ability to detect the variation of variations of the ANS. After injection of atropine, to inhibit parasympathetic tone, or propranolol to block sympathetic activity, we shown that our method appeared to be effective in detecting parasympathetic inhibition and, moreover, was superior to classical analysis of HRV in terms of sensibility and specificity.In a second time, we evaluated this new index as a predictive factor of the fetal acid-base state in 2 experimental models of fetal hypoxia by occlusion of the cord. In the first one, acidosis was obtained through a partial occlusion of the umbilical cord and in the second one, though repetitive complete occlusion as uterine contractions during labor. In those two studies, we observed a raise of our index in case of acidosis with a correlation beetween FSI and pH and also FSI and lactates in the second model.In conclusion, the FSI reflects fetal parasympathetic activity, has a better detection than others usual methods, and seems well correlated to fetal acid-base status. It is a promising index and it will be interesting to incorporate it in a multi parametric analysis of fetal heart rate to predict acidosis
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Mallon, Kelsey N. "Altering the Gag Reflex via a Hand Pressure Device: Perceptions of Pressure." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1398622026.

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Buřival, Tomáš. "Opravy DPS s BGA a FC pouzdry." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217906.

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Graduation thesis is specialized on dilemma of the integrated circuits with ball grid array. Chapter two describes several types of packages and confrontation of their characteristics. Chapter three considers possibilities of corrections these boards bedded with packages, mounting and demounting of these packages, method of camera control and also inspection of the soldering process. Chapter four attend to practical measuring of thermal profiles and their optimalization.
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Tolonen, P. (Pekka). "Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity:primary, intermediate, and long-term results including quality of life studies." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288722.

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Abstract Morbid obesity is the most rapidly increasing health threat of developed countries, and the costs caused by it are already higher than those of smoking. In an increasing number of developing countries both starvation and morbid obesity are increasing simultaneously. Obesity in children and adolescents is also increasing rapidly. Conservative treatment almost invariably fails when treating morbid obesity. Results of pharmacotherapy have been disappointing after great expectations. Laparoscopic gastric banding has been used in the treatment of morbid obesity since 1993. The method was first used mostly in Europe. In the USA either an open or laparoscopic gastric bypass have been the most common methods of surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the operation results of 280 patients operated in Vaasa Central Hospital during the 11 years after March 1996. Of these patients, 123 have been followed at least 5 years. The results have been analyzed with BAROS that measures the quality of life. Quality of life was measured prospectively 1 year after surgery with the 15D questionnaire that is validated in the Finnish population. The effect of gastric banding in esophageal motility and reflux was studied prospectively in 31 patients. Late results were analyzed in 123 patients 11 years after the first operation. Mean excess weight loss (EWL) was 56% in patients who had their band in place 7 years after surgery, and 46% in all patients. There was no mortality related to the operation, and there was only one serious complication. Disease-specific quality of life improved in 78.8% of the patients in 28 months of follow-up. Health-related quality of life was significantly improved 12 months after surgery, but improvement was not connected to the amount of weight loss. The band inhibited reflux 19 months after surgery. Complications, failures, and reoperations increase with longer follow-up. Weight loss is moderate 9 years after a gastric banding operation, and in carefully selected patients this operation is still a good option in the treatment of morbid obesity.
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Books on the topic "Reflux index"

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Heart-burn, Gastro-esophageal Reflux, Acid Reflux: Index of New Information and Guide-book for Consumers, Reference and Research. Abbe, 2001.

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Newell-Price, John, Alia Munir, and Miguel Debono. Obesity: differential diagnosis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0081.

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This topic addresses the causes and consequences of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above. While BMI is the most commonly used measure of obesity, the waist-to-height ratio correlates better with visceral obesity. At least 1.1 billion adults are overweight worldwide, but a medical cause for obesity is found in less than 1 out of every 100 cases. The health consequences of obesity are diverse and serious. Approximately 50% of all hypertension is secondary to obesity, and the heart may also be harmed by obesity-induced chronic volume overload and ischaemic heart disease. Obesity contributes strongly to the pathophysiology of type II diabetes and its consequences. Obese patients have higher rates of stroke, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnoea, gastro-oesophageal reflux, chronic liver disease, and infertility. In addition, obesity increases the incidence of some cancers (e.g. breast, prostate, and colorectal). The psychological and social effects of obesity include higher rates of depression and anxiety, and reduced employment.
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Lambert, Heather. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0180_update_001.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood is a common problem, which is frequently dismissed as trivial because most children with UTI have a good outcome. However, UTI is an important cause of acute illness in children and causes a considerable burden of ill health on children and families. In addition, UTI may be a marker of an underlying urinary tract abnormality. UTI in a few may cause significant long-term morbidity, renal scarring, hypertension, and renal impairment that may not present until adult life. Predicting which children will go on to have long-term sequelae remains a challenge.The risk of renal scarring is greatest in infants, the very group in whom diagnosis is often overlooked or delayed because clinical features are non-specific. Delay in treatment is associated with an increased risk of scarring in susceptible children. Thus accurate and rapid diagnosis of UTI is essential and requires a very high index of suspicion particularly in the youngest.The role of vesicoureteric reflux in acquired scarring is not fully understood though there is clearly an association, possibly because it is a risk factor for acute pyelonephritis. Scarring when it occurs is in the areas affected by acute pyelonephritis. Higher grades of reflux are associated with a worse outcome.Management and investigation of children with UTI consumes considerable healthcare resources. Limited understanding of the natural history and basic pathophysiology, variations in strategy with time and setting, and lack of evidence on long-term outcomes have resulted in considerable uncertainty. Some propose a minimal approach doing little investigation unless there is clear evidence for it; others favour an approach of continuation of current practice based on clinical experience until further evidence evolves. Some of the themes behind these controversies are explored.
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Book chapters on the topic "Reflux index"

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"Index." In Practical Manual of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, 335–42. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118444788.index.

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"Index." In Diagnostic Atlas of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, 291–301. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373605-5/50009-6.

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"Subject Index." In Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Airway Disease, 353–64. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13996-16.

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"Author Index." In Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Airway Disease, 323–51. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13996-15.

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Jamróz, Barbara, Magdalena Milewska, Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak, Magdalena Lachowska, Marta Dąbrowska-Bender, Magdalena Arcimowicz, Anna Staniszewska, Anna Brytek-Matera, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "Assessment of Dysphagia as a Risk Factor of Chronic Cough." In Pharynx - Diagnosis and Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97038.

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Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with chronic cough and its relationship with the long-term persistence of these symptoms. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients. All patients underwent physical examination, ENT assessment, videolaryngoscopy, functional phoniatric assessment at rest and speech, Water-Swallow Test, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders with Reflux Finding Score. Reflux Symptom Index questionnaire was performed. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee Review Board (KB/39/A/2016). Results: The results of the RFS and the RSI questionnaire showed the risk of reflux in participating patients. The patients presented episodes of spillage, double swallows, penetration, aspiration and residue of food at the hypopharynx. The results of functional assessment correlated with the Water-Swallow Test. The correlation between Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders and Water-Swallow Test results was found for aspiration risk, spillage, and retention of saliva. Conclusion: The results of the study showed prevalence of dysphagia in most patients with chronic chough. It seems that phoniatric assessment in those cases should be expanded and the following tests should be performed: assessment of the laryngeal elevation, Water-Swallow Test, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders.
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"Index." In Trigeminocardiac Reflex, 239–45. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800421-0.00030-8.

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"Index." In Reflow Soldering, 281–85. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818505-6.00010-8.

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"Index." In Reflow Soldering Processes, 263–69. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067218-4/50013-0.

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"Index of Ear Reflex Points." In Auriculotherapy Manual, 399–411. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-3572-2.00020-3.

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"Index of ear reflex points." In Auriculotherapy Manual, 321–31. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-07162-1.50016-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reflux index"

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Holzmeister, C., A. Andrianakis, P. Kiss, U. Moser, A. Wolf, and PV Tomazic. "Reflux symptom index and clinical laryngopharyngeal reflux as predictors for snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728878.

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Nootigattu, MS, RA Evans, MC Steiner, and NJ Greening. "S103 Using salivary pepsin and the reflux symptom index as objectives markers of gastro-oesophageal reflux to predict exacerbations of COPD." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.109.

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Yu, Youmin, Y. Q. Su, S. A. Yao, Y. W. Jiang, and Sonder Wang. "A Novel Approach to Optimizing Solder Reflow Process in Assembling PQFN Packages." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89408.

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Solder void is a common defect during assembling Power Quad Flat No-lead (PQFN) packages. It is detrimental to the packages’ feature of good power management and reliability performance and needs to be controlled within certain specification. Reflow process is well considered as critical to the solder void formation for a given solder paste. The transport index of reflow oven, which determines how solder paste are reflowed through solder reflowing process within the reflow oven, has therefore been optimized by a novel approach in this study. The underlying principle of the optimization is to find such a transport index that solder paste have a best possibility to experience homogeneous heat transfer during reflow phase of the whole reflow process. Different from the traditionally experimental trial and error, the present approach first predicts the optimal transport index by calculating the relative locations of lead frame (solder paste are dispensed on it) to the heating blocks of the reflow oven and the amount of heat input at different locations on the lead frame during the reflow phase. Then only necessary experiments are conducted to validate the prediction. As the theoretic calculations already screen out part of experiments that have to be conducted in the traditional trial and error, the present approach saves time and cost in practice.
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Peng, Bao-jin, Xu Wan, Hui Wang, Hong-zhen Jin, and Yong Zhao. "Two novel methods for liquid refractive index or concentration measurement using reflex fiber optic sensors." In ICO20:Optical Design and Fabrication, edited by James Breckinridge and Yongtian Wang. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.668124.

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Okawara, Makoto, Tomiichi Hasegawa, Yoshihiko Iino, and Takatsune Narumi. "Anomalous Behavior in Interference Fringes of a Laser Through a Slot Flow." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37196.

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Flows through a slot were optically examined by Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a range of low Reynolds numbers. Fluids examined in this study are the so-called Newtonian fluids: ion exchange water, silicone oils and liquid paraffin. It was found that interference fringes of laser lights are anomalously deformed around the slot. The deformation was small but non-zero even for ion exchange water. It was getting larger and changing with time for silicone oils and liquid paraffin. Moreover, some bright lines appeared around the slot. Also it was found that there is some region around the slot where the refractive index is higher than that in the surrounding region. The flow field was visualized using reflex powders and a laser light sheet, and found to be a normal converging and diverging flows expected for the low Reynolds number realized in the present experiment. These facts mean that the region around the slot is apparently in lower temperature and it is very hard to explain it from the heat generation by the flow around the slot.
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Shen, S. C., C. T. Pan, R. F. Shyu, C. H. Chao, J. C. Huang, and C. Y. Yeh. "Fabrication of Eyeball-Like Spherical Micro-Lens Array for Optical Fiber Coupling." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86510.

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Batch-fabrication of eyeball-like spherical micro-lens not only reduces micro assembly cost, but also replaces conventional ball-lenses or costly GRINs (Gradient Reflective Index) without sacrificing performance. Compared to the conventional micro-lenses made in a half-spherical geometry, the eyeball-like micro-lens is a sphere, which allows focusing light in all directions on the substrate surface, thus providing application flexibility for optical applications. The current eyeball-like spherical micro-lens is made using photoresist SU-8. This work develops a batch process at low temperature by spin-coating SU-8 on a surface of silicon wafer. The SU-8 thick film is patterned by UV lithography to form an array of holes for holding eyeball-like spherical micro-lens. The fabrication process employs bulk micromachining to fabricate an array of nozzles on the silicon wafer. Next, this process pours viscous SU-8 into the cavity of silicon wafer and presses it through the nozzle before reflow. The eyeball-like spherical micro-balls form by balancing between surface tension and cohesion. Varying the amount of SU-8 pressed through the nozzle controls the diameter of the balls. This paper designs a pattern with a 3 × 3 lens-array with a numerical aperture of about 0.38. Diameters range from 60 to 500 um. Optical measurements indicate a diameter fluctuation within 3% and an optical insertion loss is below 2.5dB with a wavelength of 635nm in a single-mode fiber (SMF). Therefore the eyeball-like spherical micro-lens is capable of increasing coupling efficiency.
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