Journal articles: 'Reflux index'

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Reichel, O., and W. J. Issing. "Impact of different pH thresholds for 24-hour dual probe pH monitoring in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 5 (May 23, 2007): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107008390.

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AbstractObjectives:The gold standard test for laryngopharyngeal reflux is 24-hour pH monitoring, which determines the reflux area index with a pH threshold of less than four (i.e. the reflux area index four). However, refluxed pepsin is able to cause laryngeal injury at pH levels above five.Study design:Prospective study.Materials and methods:In order to establish normative values for a reflux area index with a pH threshold of less than five (i.e. the reflux area index five), 29 healthy volunteers underwent pH monitoring. In 45 patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux, reflux area index four and reflux area index five were determined by pH study.Results:In healthy volunteers, the reflux area index five was 72.6 (95th percentile). In 29 of 44 patients, laryngopharyngeal reflux was diagnosed due to a reflux area index four of greater than 6.3. However, the reflux area index five revealed laryngopharyngeal reflux in six more patients.Conclusions:For exact analysis of pH monitoring results, two pH thresholds (less than four and less than five) must be considered. Further studies with a larger number of healthy volunteers are necessary in order to reveal normative values for the reflux area index five parameter.

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Mesallam, Tamer A., Joseph C. Stemple, Tarek M. Sobeih, and Ravindhra G. Elluru. "Reflux Symptom Index versus Reflux Finding Score." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116, no. 6 (June 2007): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600608.

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Sharma, Anshu, and Dhundi Raj Paudel. "Correlation between Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 18, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v18i2.38898.

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Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extra esophageal variant of gastro esophageal reflux disease and is characterized by change in voice, recurrent throat clearing, chronic cough, discomfort in throat, globus. The larynx and pharynx are devoid of the normal acid clearance mechanism even three episodes of reflux per week seems to be associated with a significant disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2020 in total of 65 patients presented in department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nepalgunj Medcial College and Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj. Reflux symptom index questionnaire with nine Questions were answered by patients on a 5 point scale. Reflux symptom index of more than 13 out of total score of 45 was considered to indicate Laryngopharyngeal reflux were as, reflux finding score was based on laryngoscopic findings after evaluating 8 items. Score more than 7 out of 26 was taken as an indicator for presence of Laryngopharyngeal reflux. Results: The reflux symptom index was more than 13 on 22 patients withmean11.85±3.48 and reflux finding score was more than 7 on 11 patients with mean 5.02±3.23 with statistically moderate correlation between reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (p=0.000,r=0.595). Conclusion: There is moderate correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score. The combined use of these questionnaires and laryngoscopic findings can be more precise, practical and cost effective in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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Andriani, Yunida, Muhammad Amsyar Akil, Masyita Gaffar, and Abdul Qadar Punagi. "Deteksi pepsin pada penderita refluks laringofaring yang didiagnosis berdasarkan reflux symptom index dan reflux finding score." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v41i2.48.

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Background: It is estimated that more than 50% of patients with voice disorders who come fortreatment are caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). LPR has been implicated in the etiology ofmany laryngeal disorders including subglottic stenosis, laryngeal carcinoma, laryngeal contact ulcer,laryngospasm and vocal nodule on the vocal cords. Ambulatory 24 hour double-probe (pharyngeal andesophageal) pH monitoring is the gold standard examination for diagnosing LPR, but it is still far fromideal criteria.The assessment of pepsin in airway secretions could be used as a sensitive diagnosticmarker of LPR because pepsin is not synthesized by any type of airway cells. Purpose: The aim ofthis study was to detect the presence of pepsin on laryingopharyngeal reflux patients which diagnosedbased on reflux symptom index (RSI) dan reflux finding score (RFS) at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital,Makassar. Methods: This is a comparative quantitative study. We performed RSI and RFS examinationson 51 samples, followed by saliva pepsin detection using ELISA method on 48 samples, then analyzed withSpearman’s Rho test. Result: RSI score >13 was found in 48 samples (94,12%) and RFS score >7 wasin 51 samples (100%). Pepsin was detected on all sputum samples, however there was no significant relationship betwen RSI and RFS scoring with the level of pepsin in saliva (p>0.01). Conclusion: Pepsin was detected on saliva of patients with laringopharyngeal reflux who was diagnosed based on RSI andRFS. We concluded that RSI and RFS can be used as diagnostic tools for LPR. Keywords: laringopharyngeal reflux, reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, pepsin Abstrak : Latar belakang: Diperkirakan lebih dari 50% pasien dengan gangguan suara yang datang berobatke dokter THT diakibatkan oleh refluks laringofaring (RLF). Diduga RLF berperan pada patogenesissejumlah kelainan pada laring, termasuk stenosis subglotik, karsinoma laring, laryngeal contact ulcers,laringospasme dan vokal nodul pada pita suara. Pemeriksaan ambulatory 24 hour double-probe pHmonitoring merupakan gold standard untuk mendiagnosis RLF, namun pemeriksaan ini masih jauh darikriteria ideal. Menentukan adanya pepsin pada sekret saluran napas merupakan petanda diagnostik yangsensitif untuk RLF karena pepsin tidak dihasilkan oleh sel apapun dalam saluran napas. Tujuan: Penelitianini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan pepsin pada penderita refluks laringofaring yang didiagnosisberdasarkan refluks symptom index (RSI) dan reflux finding score (RFS). Metode: Jenis penelitian iniadalah komparatif kuantitatif. Dilakukan pemeriksaan RSI dan RFS pada 51 percontoh dan dilanjutkandengan pemeriksaan pepsin saliva menggunakan metode ELISA pada 48 percontoh lalu dilakukan ujiSpearman’s Rho. Hasil: Skor RSI >13 sebanyak 48 percontoh (94,12%) dan skor RFS >7 sebanyak 51percontoh (100%). Pepsin terdeteksi pada saliva semua percontoh. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermaknaantara skoring RSI dan RFS dengan kadar pepsin pada saliva (p>0,01). Kesimpulan: RSI dan RFS dapatdigunakan dalam menegakkan diagnosis RLF. Kata kunci: refluks laringofaring, reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, pepsin

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Hutnik, Robert, Aaron Zlatopolsky, Sina Mehraban-Far, James Alrassi, Nadia McMillan, Chima Amadi, Kevin Fujita, and Melissa Mortensen. "Laryngopharyngeal reflux: Comparing improvements in reflux symptom index with reflux finding score." American Journal of Otolaryngology 41, no. 6 (November 2020): 102730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102730.

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Kwon, Tack-Kyun, and Dong Wook Kim. "Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease：Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score." Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 20, no. 1 (May 2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.2009.20.1.9.

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Printza, Athanasia, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Eirini Oikonomidou, and Stefanos Triaridis. "Assessing Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms with the Reflux Symptom Index." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 6 (October 10, 2011): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811425142.

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Objective. To validate the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in Greek patients and estimate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in the Greek population. Study Design. Prospective, controlled validation study. Setting. Tertiary referral hospital and primary care. Subjects and Methods. For validation purposes, the instrument was administered to 53 patients with confirmed LPR. Sex- and age-matched controls with no LPR or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms presenting in a primary care setting composed the control group. Reliability and construct validity were statistically appraised. Using the RSI, the authors estimated the prevalence of LPR in a randomly selected sample of the Greek adult population. Results. The mean (SD) RSI score of the 172 sex- and age-matched controls was 3.2 (3.5). The mean (SD) RSI score of the 53 confirmed LPR patients was 19.9 (6.8). Cronbach α was 0.865. Factor analysis verified that the RSI instrument consists of 2 principal factors. To estimate the prevalence of LPR, a representative sample of the Greek adult population (188 subjects) completed the RSI questionnaire: 36.3% were male, and 29.6% were smokers. Mean (SD) age was 53.4 (17.7) years. The instrument was able to discriminate 16 patients with LPR symptoms with a mean (SD) score of 18.91 (6.39). Conclusion. The authors evaluated the internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the RSI for the Greek population. Factor analysis of the Greek translation of the RSI demonstrated that it can be a reliable tool in the diagnostic approach of LPR patients. Using the RSI, the authors recorded that the prevalence of LPR in a representative sample of the Greek population is 8.5%.

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Thejas, SaaiRam, Ganganamoni Rajamohan, Mohan Sindu, and Kowsalya Swarna. "Usefulness of the reflux symptom index in laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology and Voice 11, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlv.jlv_11_20.

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DEHGHANI, Seyed Mohsen, Seyed Alireza TAGHAVI, Hazhir JAVAHERIZADEH, and Maryam NASRI. "COMBINED 24-HOURS ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING AND MULTICHANNEL INTRALUMINAL IMPEDANCE FOR COMPARISON OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN WITH TYPICAL VERSUS ATYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 53, no. 3 (September 2016): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032016000300002.

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ABSTRACT Background - Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common esophageal disorder in pediatrics. Objective - The aim of this study was to compare reflux parameters of typical and atypical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease using 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal impedance in pediatric population. Methods - In this prospective study, 43 patients aged less than 18 year with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the main presenting symptoms (typical versus atypical). Twenty four-hour pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal impedance were performed in all the patients for comparing these two group regarding association of symptoms and reflux. Number of refluxes, pH related reflux, total reflux time, reflux more than 5 minutes, longest time of the reflux, lowest pH at reflux, reflux index were recorded and compared. Data comparison was done using SPSS. Results - The mean age of the patients was 5.7±3.4 years and 65.1% were male. Out of 43 patients 24 cases had typical symptoms and 19 had atypical symptoms. The mean reflux events detected by multichannel intraluminal impedance was more than mean reflux events detected by pH monitoring (308.4±115.8 vs 69.7±66.6) with P value of 0.037, which is statistically significant. The mean symptom index and symptom association probability were 35.01% ± 20.78% and 86.42% ± 25.79%, respectively in multichannel intraluminal impedance versus 12.73% ± 12.48% and 45.16% ± 42.29% in pH monitoring (P value <0.001). Number of acid reflux was 46.26±47.16 and 30.9±22.09 for atypical and typical symptoms respectively. The mean symptom index was 18.12% ± 13.101% and 8.30% ± 10.301% in atypical and typical symptoms respectively (P=0.034). Bolus clearance was longer in atypical symptoms compared typical symptoms(P<0.05). Conclusion - Symptom index was significantly higher in atypical symptoms compared to typical symptoms. Higher number of acid reflux was found in children with atypical symptoms of reflux. Longer duration of bolus clearance was found in group with atypical symptoms of reflux.

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Wang, Lu, Jia-Jie Tan, Ting Wu, Rui Zhang, Jia-Nuan Wu, Fang-Fang Zeng, You-Li Liu, Xiao-Yan Han, Yan-Fei Li, and Xiang-Ping Li. "Association between Laryngeal Pepsin Levels and the Presence of Vocal Fold Polyps." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816676471.

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Objective To determine whether pepsin, the main component of refluxed gastric contents, is significantly associated with vocal fold polyps and to evaluate the diagnostic value of pepsin in vocal fold polyps’ tissues. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Subjects and Methods The study included 32 patients with vocal fold polyps and 16 healthy controls between 2011 and 2012. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score assessments, 24-hour combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring, and biopsy of the vocal fold polyp tissues or posterior laryngeal mucosa (healthy controls) for immunohistochemical pepsin staining were performed. Results The expression of pepsin was significantly higher in patients with vocal fold polyps than in controls (28/32, 75% vs 5/16, 31.25%; P < .001). The pepsin levels were significantly positively correlated with upright position pharyngeal acid reflux and esophageal reflux parameters adjusted by age. Based on pepsin staining data, the sensitivity and negative predictive values of 24-hour pH monitoring, the reflux symptom index, and the reflux finding score were 70% to 84.62%, whereas their specificity and positive predictive values were relatively low (20%-31.58%). Conclusion Pepsin reflux may be a risk factor for vocal fold polyps formation. In addition, pepsin immunohistochemical analysis of polyp biopsy samples appears to be a more sensitive and effective test for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux than the reflux symptom index, the reflux finding score, and 24-hour pH monitoring in a clinical setting.

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Shilpa, C., S. Sandeep, Swathi Chandresh, Akash Grampurohit, and T. Shivaram Shetty. "Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and GERD: Correlation Between Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 71, S1 (August 23, 2018): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-018-1480-7.

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Habermann, Walter, Christoph Schmid, Kurt Neumann, Trevor DeVaney, and Heinz F. Hammer. "Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score in Otolaryngologic Practice." Journal of Voice 26, no. 3 (May 2012): e123-e127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.02.004.

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Marcum, Kristin K., Catherine R. Lintzenich, Susan G. Butler, and S. Carter Wright. "Can the Reflux Symptom Index Score Predict the Reflux Finding Score?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 2_suppl (August 2011): P78—P79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811416318a120.

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Chen, Meixiang, Chenjie Hou, Ting Chen, Zhihui Lin, Xin Wang, and Yanling Zeng. "Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in 91 asymptomatic volunteers." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 138, no. 7 (February 22, 2018): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2018.1436768.

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Hamizan, A. W., Y. Y. Choo, P. V. Loh, N. F. Abd Talib, M. F. Mohd Ramli, F. D. Zahedi, and S. Husain. "The association between the reflux symptoms index and nasal symptoms among patients with non-allergic rhinitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 135, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120002492.

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AbstractBackgroundLaryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms assessed with the reflux symptom index can overlap with non-allergic rhinitis symptoms. This study aims to explore the association between the reflux symptom index and nasal symptoms in non-allergic rhinitis patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive adults with non-allergic rhinitis. The reflux symptom index (score of more than 13 = laryngopharyngeal reflux) and nasal symptoms (categorised as mild (total score of 0–3), moderate (4–7) or severe (8–12)) were assessed.ResultsThe study included 227 participants (aged 58.64 ± 12.39 years, 59.5 per cent female). The reflux symptom index scores increased with total nasal symptom scores (mild vs moderate vs severe, 8.61 ± 6.27 vs 12.94 ± 7.4 vs 16.40 ± 8.10; p < 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that laryngopharyngeal reflux is more likely in patients with severe nose block (odds ratio 5.47 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.16–13.87); p < 0.01).ConclusionLaryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms are associated with nasal symptom severity, and nasal symptoms should be primarily treated. Those with predominant nose block and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms are more likely to have laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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Satish, Deepthi, H. C. Badari Datta, B. V. Manjula, Brinda A. Poojari, and Bhaskar Reddy Molluru. "Correlation between reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux: Our experience." Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights 3 (2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.96.

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Masaany, M., M. B. Marina, W. P. Sharifa Ezat, and A. Sani. "Empirical treatment with pantoprazole as a diagnostic tool for symptomatic adult laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 5 (February 28, 2011): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111000120.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the sensitivity and specificity of intensive empirical treatment with pantoprazole in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux in adults.Study design:This was a prospective, double-blind study.Subjects and methods:Fifty-five patients with either a Reflux Symptom Index of more than 13 or a Reflux Finding Score of more than 7 were enrolled. All patients underwent 24-hour, double-probe pH monitoring before commencing pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily; both investigators and patients were blinded to pH monitoring results. The Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score were reassessed during the second, third and fourth month of follow up.Results:The sensitivity of empirical pantoprazole treatment in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux was 92.5 per cent. The specificity was 14.2 per cent, the positive predictive value 86 per cent and the negative predictive value 25 per cent. There was significant reduction in the total Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score after the second, third and fourth month of treatment. There was no correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux and body mass index.Conclusion:Our results suggest that intensive empirical treatment with proton pump inhibitors is effective in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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Thejas, Saai Ram, Ganganamoni Rajamohan, Sindu Mohan, and Kowsalya Swarna. "Usefulness of The Reflux Symptom Index in the Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 28, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2020.v28i3.294.

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Introduction Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is highly prevalent in the general population and its impact on health systems is growing dramatically by the day. The contents of the stomach flowing back into the oesophagus, pharynx and larynx because of a transient relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter leads to a spectrum of symptoms diagnosed as LPR and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). The aim was to study in detail the symptoms of LPR and to ascertain if and how they hamper the routine of an individual by using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). Materials and Methods The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) is a self-administered nine-item outcomes instrument for LPR. Ninety-one patients with clinically diagnosed LPR were taken up for this study and were issued the RSI (translated into the local language for better results) before and after treatment. Data was assessed at the end of 3 months and 6 months. Results The tabulated data showed significant improvement in the symptomatic index after treatment. Conclusion It can thus be concluded that RSI is still highly valid in the follow-up for patients with LPR because it can be easily administered and gives accurate results with excellent validation.

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Erdas Karakaya, Nermin, Sevtap Akbulut, Hande Altintas, Mehmet Gokhan Demir, Necdet Demir, and Derya Berk. "The Reflux Finding Score: Reliability and Correlation to the Reflux Symptom Index." Journal of Academic Research in Medicine 5, no. 2 (August 14, 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jarem.2015.698.

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George, Binu Raju, Ajayan P.V, and Saify Samad. "Prevalence and Symptomatology of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease in a Medical College Hospital in Kerala." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 27 (July 5, 2021): 2467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/457.

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BACKGROUND Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a common clinical condition encountered in Otolaryngology practice. It is one of the major causes of laryngeal inflammation. It presents with a constellation of symptoms making the diagnosis difficult. Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score are two tools which aid in diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal reflux. The main objective of this study was to study the agent, host and environment factors of epidemiology of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease using Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala. The study period was for one year from December 2017 to December 2018. Demographic data of the patients was recorded, and patients were evaluated for Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease using Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score using 70 degree / flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy. The clinical data collected was then tabulated and analysed. RESULTS From the study conducted in 100 patients, 59 % were females and 41 % males. Most common symptom noted was frequent clearing of throat which was present in 88 % cases. Least frequent symptom was choking episode (in 5 %). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease was commonest in the 31 to 40 years age group with mean age was 37.8 ± 2.35 years. The male to female ratio were 1:1.43. The disease was common in labourers and housewives. Risk factors were consumption of tea/coffee, inadequate sleep of less than 6 hrs. Lower socioeconomic group populations were more vulnerable than higher income group. The RSI score was between 13 and 15 in 53 % of the patients. KEYWORDS Laryngopharyngeal Reflux, Reflux Symptom Index, Reflux Finding Score

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Beech, T. J., G. Campbell, A. L. McDermott, and A. J. Batch. "The effect of anti-reflux treatment on subjective voice measurements of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 6 (May 3, 2013): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113000832.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of anti-reflux treatment and speech therapy on subjective voice measurements of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux.Methods:This paper reports a prospective study of patients seen in a voice clinic over a three-year period who were being treated for laryngopharyngeal reflux. Patients were assessed at presentation using the reflux symptom index and voice symptom scale, and were reassessed at three months and six months post-treatment. Treatment entailed twice daily proton pump inhibitor therapy and speech therapy.Results:The study comprised 74 patients. The reflux symptom index and voice symptom scale scores significantly improved following treatment at both three and six months. There was a correlation between improved reflux symptom index scores and improved voice symptom scale scores.Conclusion:Treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux with twice daily proton pump inhibitors and speech therapy resulted in improved subjective voice measurements for patients.

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Nilakhe, Sachin, Ankitha Puranik, and Ashok Purohit. "A study of relationship between reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux." Journal of Laryngology and Voice 9, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlv.jlv_6_19.

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Hunziker, Manuela, and Prem Puri. "Familial Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Related Morbidity in Relatives of Index Patients with High Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux." Journal of Urology 188, no. 4S (October 2012): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.024.

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Coplen, D. E. "Familial Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Related Morbidity in Relatives of Index Patients with High Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux." Yearbook of Urology 2013 (January 2013): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yuro.2013.07.004.

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Mezzacappa, Maria Aparecida, and Ana Cecília Rosa. "Clinical predictors of abnormal esophageal pH monitoring in preterm infants." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 45, no. 3 (September 2008): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032008000300013.

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BACKGROUND: Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease in preterm neonates have not been yet clearly defined. AIM: To identify factors associated with increased esophageal acid exposition in preterm infants during the stay in the neonatal unit. METHODS: A case-control study in preterm infants who had undergone prolonged monitoring of distal esophageal pH, following clinical indication. Eighty-seven preterms with reflux index (percentage of total time of esophageal pHmetry) >10% (cases) and 87 unpaired preterms were selected with reflux index <10% (controls). Demographic variables, signs and symptoms, main diagnoses and some aspects of treatment were studied. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for birthweight and postconceptional age at the pH study were used. RESULTS: The factors associated with a greater chance of reflux index >10% in preterms were: vomiting, regurgitation, Apnea, female gender. The variables that were associated with a lower frequency of increased reflux index were: volume of enteral intake at the onset of symptoms >147 mL/kg/day, and postnatal corticoid use. CONCLUSIONS: Vomiting, regurgitation, apnea, female gender and acute respiratory distress during the first week of life were variables predictive of increased esophageal acid exposition in preterm infants with birthweight <2000 g. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and use of caffeine were not associated with reflux index >10%.

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Pribuišienė, Rūta, Virgilijus Uloza, and Limas Kupčinskas. "Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of laryngoscopic signs of reflux laryngitis." Medicina 44, no. 4 (April 23, 2008): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44040036.

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Objective. To assess the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the laryngoscopic signs of reflux laryngitis. Material and methods. Using original quantitative evaluation system, the laryngoscopic signs of 108 patients with reflux laryngitis and 90 healthy people were subjected to comparative analysis in this study. Summing up all evaluations of laryngeal changes, laryngoscopic reflux index was proposed. Results. Mucosal lesions and edema of vocal cords along with mucosal lesions of the interarytenoid notch were found to be most significant for diagnostics of reflux laryngitis. Presence of mucosal lesions of the interarytenoid notch (roughness, hypertrophy, keratosis, granuloma) increases the odds ratio to attribute the patient to the reflux laryngitis patient group 21 times (OR=21.32, 95% CI 4.38–103.93; P<0.001). Mucosal lesions (hypertrophy, keratosis, granuloma) and edema of vocal cords were determined as the most sensitive and rather specific laryngoscopic signs. Roughness and grade II hypertrophy of interarytenoid notch were found to be the most specific (98%) and sensitive (56%) laryngoscopic signs of reflux laryngitis. Abnormal values of laryngoscopic reflux index (higher than 5 points) reflect a diagnostic sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 97% differentiating patients with reflux laryngitis from healthy persons. Conclusions. Mucosal lesions and edema of vocal cords along with mucosal lesions of the interarytenoid notch are found to be the most significant laryngoscopic signs for diagnostics of reflux laryngitis. Laryngoscopic reflux index was found to be the most sensitive and specific diagnostic criterion for reflux laryngitis.

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Wilson, Janet A., Deborah D. Stocken, Gillian C. Watson, Tony Fouweather, Julian McGlashan, Kenneth MacKenzie, Paul Carding, et al. "Lansoprazole for persistent throat symptoms in secondary care: the TOPPITS RCT." Health Technology Assessment 25, no. 3 (January 2021): 1–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta25030.

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Background Persistent throat symptoms are commonly attributed to ‘laryngopharyngeal reflux’. Despite a limited evidence base, these symptoms are increasingly being treated in primary care with proton pump inhibitors. Objective To assess the value of proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with persistent throat symptoms. Design This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised Phase III trial. Setting This was a multicentre UK trial in eight UK ear, nose and throat departments. Participants A total of 346 participants aged ≥ 18 years with persistent throat symptoms and a Reflux Symptom Index score of ≥ 10, exclusive of the dyspepsia item, were recruited. Intervention Random allocation (1 : 1 ratio) to either 30 mg of lansoprazole twice daily or matched placebo for 16 weeks. Main outcome measure Symptomatic response (i.e. total Reflux Symptom Index score after 16 weeks of therapy). Results A total of 1427 patients were screened and 346 were randomised. The mean age was 52 years (standard deviation 13.7 years, range 20–84 years); 150 (43%) participants were male and 196 (57%) were female; 184 (53%) participants had a mild Reflux Symptom Index minus the heartburn/dyspepsia item and 162 (47%) had a severe Reflux Symptom Index minus the heartburn/dyspepsia item. A total of 172 patients were randomised to lansoprazole and 174 were randomised to placebo. Main outcomes A total of 267 participants completed the primary end-point visit (lansoprazole, n = 127; placebo, n = 140), of whom 220 did so between 14 and 20 weeks post randomisation (‘compliant’ group); 102 received lansoprazole and 118 received placebo. The mean Reflux Symptom Index scores at baseline were similar [lansoprazole 22.0 (standard deviation 8.0), placebo 21.7 (standard deviation 7.1), overall 21.9 (standard deviation 7.5)]. The mean Reflux Symptom Index scores at 16 weeks reduced from baseline in both groups [overall 17.4 (standard deviation 9.9), lansoprazole 17.4 (standard deviation 9.9), placebo 15.6 (standard deviation 9.8)]. Lansoprazole participants had estimated Reflux Symptom Index scores at 16 weeks that were 1.9 points higher (worse) than those of placebo participants (95% confidence interval –0.3 to 4.2; p adj = 0.096), adjusted for site and baseline severity. Secondary outcomes Ninety-five (43%) participants achieved a Reflux Symptom Index score in the normal range (< 12) at 16 weeks: 42 (41%) in the lansoprazole group and 53 (45%) in the placebo group. A total of 226 participants completed the end-of-trial follow-up visit (lansoprazole, n = 109; placebo, n = 117), of whom 181 were ‘compliant’. The mean Reflux Symptom Index scores at 12 months reduced from baseline in both groups [lansoprazole 16.0 (standard deviation 10.8), placebo 13.6 (standard deviation 9.6), overall 14.7 (standard deviation 10.2)]. A total of 87 (48%) participants achieved a Reflux Symptom Index score in the normal range at 12 months: 33 (40%) in the lansoprazole group and 54 (55%) in the placebo group. Likewise, the Comprehensive Reflux Symptom Score and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux – Health Related Quality of Life total scores and subscales all showed very similar changes in the lansoprazole and placebo cohorts at both 16 weeks and 12 months. Limitations Drop-out rate and compliance are issues in pragmatic clinical trials. The Trial Of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Throat Symptoms (TOPPITS) aimed to detect clinically relevant difference with 90% power. The 346 randomised participants reduced to 283 at the primary end point; 267 completed the primary outcome measure, 220 within the protocol time scale. Despite this, the powers to detect the clinically relevant difference in Reflux Symptom Index score at 16 weeks were 82% (compliant comparison) and 89% (pragmatic comparison). The lack of difference between lansoprazole and placebo is generalisable across NHS clinics. Conclusions Participants on lansoprazole did not report significantly better outcomes than participants on placebo on any of the three patient-reported outcome tools (Reflux Symptom Index, Comprehensive Reflux Symptom Score and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux – Health Related Quality of Life). This multicentre, pragmatic, powered, definitive Phase III trial found no evidence of benefit for patients by treating persistent throat symptoms with lansoprazole. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38578686 and EudraCT number 2013-004249-17. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Tikhonov, S. V., V. I. Simanenkov, N. V. Bakulina, V. A. Vorzheinova, K. V. Papin, N. V. Rodionova, and T. M. Korzhilova. "Multitarget therapy in patients with GERD and obesity." Medical alphabet 1, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-6-8-13.

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The article presents the results of a clinical study involving 59 overweight or obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Non-erosive reflux disease was diagnosed in 30 (51%), erosive esophagitis A (Los Angeles endoscopic classification) in 29 (49%) patients. The severity of the main symptoms of GERD was assessed, physical examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, daily pH impedance monitoring of the upper gastrointestinal tract, psychometric testing were performed. The body mass index correlated with age (0.35); the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia (0.32); cough (0.35); pH in the stomach (0.30); the number of slightly alkaline gastroesophageal refluxes (0.32); slightly alkaline time in the esophagus in minutes (0.30) and percent (0.32); reactive anxiety (0.30), number of points of FF scale (–0.26) and MH scale of the SF-36 questionnaire (–0.25). Waist circumference correlated with the presence of erosive esophagitis (0.25); male sex (0.32); diaphragm hernia of (0.40); duodenogastric reflux (0.42); DeMeester index (0.31), the duration of the longest acid gastroesophageal reflux (0.25). Patients with erosive esophagitis compared with patients with non-erosive reflux disease more often consumed alcohol; had higher BMI; more often had epigastric pain and oral bitterness, longer bolus time in the esophagus and poorer quality of life according to the MH scale of the SF-36 questionnaire. Taking into account the revealed features of pathogenesis, the drugs of choice in the treatment of GERD in overweight and obese patients may be multitarget molecules of itopride hydrochloride (Itomed®), ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursosan®) and rebamipid (Rebagit®).

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Aulia, Wita. "Refluks Laringofaring." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 64–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v2i1.3956.

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Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a disease in which retrograde flow occurs from the contents of the stomach to the larynx and pharynx and then this material is in contact with the upper esophagus. This disease is different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A man, 58 years old laborer, came with complaints of hoarseness since 3 months ago. Complaints are accompanied by swallowing pain and throat pain that has worsened since 1 month. The patient also complained that the sound had disappeared within 1 month. The patient has a history of smoking and claims that he has had a long-standing heartburn. Physical examination found blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, pulse 102 x/minute, breathing 20 x/minute, temperature 37.9ºC. Investigations were done using the Fiber Optic Laryngoscope (LFO) and revealed a rigid epiglottis and bilateral hyperemic arytenoids and minimal edema. RSI score calculation results have been 18 and RFS score results have been 9. This pateint’s diagnosis is Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Pharmacological management for this patient is Omeprazole 40 mg 2x1 tablet, Sucralfate syrup 3x1 teaspoon, and N-acetylcysteine 3x1 tablet. Non-pharmacological management is by telling the patient to give 2 hours time between eating and lying down. The patient is also told to reduce the consumption of fatty foods, coffee, soda, alcohol, and low-acid diets, and position the head slightly higher when lying down. Keywords: Fiber Optic Laryngoscope, laryngopharyngeal reflux, Reflux Finding Score, Reflux Symptom Index Refluks laringofaring adalah penyakit dimana terjadi aliran retrograde dari isi lambung ke laring dan faring kemudian cairan ini bersentuhan dengan saluran esofagus bagian atas. Penyakit ini berbeda dengan gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Seorang laki-laki, usia 58 tahun seorang buruh datang dengan keluhan suara serak sejak 3 bulan yang lalu. Keluhan disertai dengan nyeri menelan dan nyeri tenggorokan yang memberat sejak 1 bulan ini. Pasien juga mengeluhkan suara sempat hilang timbul dalam 1 bulan ini. Pasien memiliki riwayat merokok dan mengaku bahwa menderita sakit maag sejak lama. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan tekanan darah 150/90 mmHg, nadi 102 x/menit, pernapasan 20 x/menit, suhu 37,9ºC. Pada pemeriksaan penunjang Fiber Optic Laryngoscope (LFO), didapatkan epiglotis yang kaku serta aritenoid hiperemis bilateral dan edema minimal. Pada perhitungan skor RSI didapatkan hasil 18 dan skor RFS didapatkan hasil 9. Diagnosis pada pasien ini adalah refluks laringofaring. Penatalaksanaan pada pasien berupa medikamentosa yaitu Omeprazole tablet 40 mg 2x1 tablet, Sukralfat syrup 3x1 sendok teh, dan N-asetilsistein 3x1 tablet. Non-medikamentosa dengan memberitahukan kepada pasien untuk jarak makan dan berbaring kurang lebih 2 jam, mengurangi konsumsi makanan berlemak, kopi, soda, alkohol, dan diet rendah asam, serta memberitahukan kepada pasien untuk memposisikan kepala sedikit lebih tinggi saat berbaring Kata kunci: Fiber Optic Laryngoscope, refluks laringofaring, Reflux Finding Score, Reflux Symptom Index

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Bhargava, Anuja, Prasoon Varshney, Shikhar Saxena, Mohammad Shakeel, Amit P. Srivastava, and Ekta Agarwal. "Role of Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score in Evaluation of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux." International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology 7, no. 2 (2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1141.

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MENDES-FILHO, Antonio Moreira, Joaquim Prado Pinto MORAES-FILHO, Ary NASI, Jaime Natan EISIG, Tomas Navarro RODRIGUES, Ricardo Correa BARBUTTI, Josemberg Marins CAMPOS, and Décio CHINZON. "Influence of exercise testing in gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 27, no. 1 (March 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202014000100002.

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Background : Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a worldwide prevalent condition that exhibits a large variety of signs and symptoms of esophageal or extra-esophageal nature and can be related to the esophagic adenocarcinoma. In the last few years, greater importance has been given to the influence of physical exercises on it. Some recent investigations, though showing conflicting results, point to an exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux during physical exercises. Aim : To evaluate the influence of physical activities in patients presenting with erosive and non erosive disease by ergometric stress testing and influence of the lower esophageal sphincter tonus and body mass index during this situation. Methods : Twenty-nine patients with erosive disease (group I) and 10 patients with non-erosive disease (group II) were prospectively evaluated. All the patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, followed by upper digestive endoscopy, manometry and 24 h esophageal pH monitoring. An ergometric testing was performed 1 h before removing the esophageal pH probe. During the ergometric stress testing, the following variables were analyzed: test efficacy, maximum oxygen uptake, acid reflux duration, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, influence of the lower esophageal sphincter tonus and influence of body mass index in the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux during these physical stress. Results : Maximum oxigen consumption or VO 2 max, showed significant correlation when it was 70% or higher only in the erosive disease group, evaluating the patients with or without acid reflux during the ergometric testing (p=0,032). The other considered variables didn't show significant correlations between gastroesophageal reflux and physical activity (p>0,05). Conclusions : 1) Highly intensive physical activity can predispose the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with erosive disease; 2) light or short sessions of physical activity have no influence on reflux, regardless of body mass index; 3) the lower esophageal sphincter tonus does not influence the occurrence of reflux disease episodes during exercise testing.

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Ren, Jian-Jun, Yu Zhao, Xue Ren, and Jing Wang. "Is reflux symptom index reliable to assess the reflux status of chronic rhinosinusitis patients?" Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 33, no. 6 (June 2017): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2017.02.002.

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Starostina, S. V., V. M. Makhov, O. A. Storonova, A. V. Bolshakov, I. V. Kuprina, A. S. Trukhmanov, and V. T. Ivashkin. "Сapabilitу of 24-hour esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in the diagnosis of GERD-associated laryngeal diseases." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 16 (November 14, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-16-62-72.

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Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), despite the improvement of methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with this pathology, still remain an urgent problem of medicine and cause increased attention of clinicians and researchers. In some cases, patients with GERD do not present typical complaints of heartburn, regurgitation; the disease may manifest extraesophageal manifestations, such as chronic cough, hoarseness, reflux laryngitis, and others caused by the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LFR) – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts with possible morphological changes associated with direct and indirect (reflex) exposure to gastroduodenal reflux. The occurrence of LFR is possible due to a violation of the motor function of the esophagus and insufficiency of the upper esophageal sphincter, as well as a decrease in the tone of the pharyngeal muscles. The most accessible methods of diagnosis of LFR are registration of complaints according to the questionnaire “index of reflux symptoms”, assessment of the clinical and functional state of the larynx using a visually analog “scale of reflux signs”. A positive response to the empirical use of proton pump inhibitors in combination with procinetics and determination of pepsin content in saliva can also be alternative diagnostic methods. To date, 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring is a method that allows the most accurate diagnosis of all types of reflux, regardless of the pH value, to verify high reflux in combination with its physical properties, as well as to estimate the time of chemical and volumetric esophageal clearance. In addition to performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the use of this method is indicated in patients with suspected extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. The article presents clinical examples of patients with extraesophageal manifestations of GERD, describes the possibilities of 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring of the esophagus in the diagnosis of LFR and reflux-associated diseases of the larynx.

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Marques, Ilza Lazarini, Luiz Carlos Silveira Monteiro, Luiz de Souza, Heloísa Bettiol, Catarina Hissako Sassaki, and Renise de Assumpção Costa. "Gastroesophageal Reflux in Severe Cases of Robin Sequence Treated with Nasopharyngeal Intubation." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 4 (July 2009): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-120.1.

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Objective: To study the prevalence of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux in infants with Robin sequence who had severe respiratory obstruction treated with nasopharyngeal intubation and to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical treatment. Design: Longitudinal prospective study. Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients: Twenty infants with severe isolated Robin sequence treated with nasopharyngeal intubation. Interventions: We performed 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring on each child at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Respiratory and feeding status were evaluated. We considered abnormal gastroesophageal reflux as reflux index values above the 95th percentile of the Vandenplas reference for normal children. Results: The prevalence of reflux index above the 95th percentile at the first exam was 6/20, a value significantly higher than the reference (5/103, p < .01). At the second and third exams, reflux index values were decreased. Ninety percent of the infants showed improvement of respiratory difficulty and developed oral feeding capacity. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux is higher in infants with severe cases of Robin sequence than in normal infants. Nonsurgical procedures improved respiratory and feeding difficulties of most of these infants.

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Cathcart, R. A., N. Steen, B. G. Natesh, K. H. Ali, and J. A. Wilson. "Non-voice-related throat symptoms: comparative analysis of laryngopharyngeal reflux and globus pharyngeus scales." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110001866.

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AbstractBackground:This study calculated the comparability of two throat symptom assessment scales devised to evaluate either laryngopharyngeal reflux or globus.Setting:United Kingdom hospital out-patient departments.Method:A total of 334 subjects, with and without throat symptoms, completed the Reflux Symptom Index and/or the Glasgow and Edinburgh Throat Scale. The following were calculated for the resultant data: Cronbach's α coefficient, principal component analysis, Kaiser normalisation, varimax and oblimin rotation, and eigenvalues.Results:Analysis of data from the Reflux Symptom Index and the Glasgow and Edinburgh Throat Scale revealed clearly similar symptom domains regarding (1) coughing and blockage, and (2) globus or postnasal drip or throat-clearing, as did combined analysis of their amalgamated items. Both instruments had good overall internal consistency (α = 0.75 and 0.81, respectively). The ‘heartburn or reflux’ item in the Reflux Symptom Index mapped poorly to each underlying factor.Discussion:The most commonly used laryngopharyngeal reflux and globus assessment questionnaires appear to detect very similar symptom clusters. The management of throat disorders may previously have been over-reliant on the presenting pattern of throat symptoms. Our findings indicate a need to revisit the traditional clinical classification of throat symptoms.

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Arlen, Angela M., Michael Garcia-Roig, Aaron D. Weiss, Traci Leong, Christopher S. Cooper, and Andrew J. Kirsch. "Vesicoureteral Reflux Index: 2-Institution Analysis and Validation." Journal of Urology 195, no. 4 Part 2 (April 2016): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.03.094.

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KAWAUCHI, AKIHIRO, YUTAKA YAMAO, OSAMU UKIMURA, KAZUMI KAMOI, JINTETSU SOH, and TSUNEHARU MIKI. "EVALUATION OF REFLUX KIDNEY USING RENAL RESISTIVE INDEX." Journal of Urology 165, no. 6 Part 1 (June 2001): 2010–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)66282-9.

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Iannella, Giannicola, Claudio Vicini, Antonella Polimeni, Antonio Greco, Riccardo Gobbi, Filippo Montevecchi, Andrea De Vito, et al. "Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Diagnosis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Using the Pepsin Salivary Test." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112056.

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Background: To investigate the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) employing the salivary pepsin concentration method. To compare the results of pepsin concentration with the severity of the pathology. Methods: Seventy-five OSA patients (44 males, 31 females) were enrolled in the study. For each patient, the AHI (apnea–hypopnea index) and the BMI (body mass index) were initially evaluated. All the patients enrolled were assessed using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) in order to perform a clinical diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In all patients a salivary sample was taken to estimate the presence of pepsin and its concentration. Results: The incidence of LPR (laryngopharyngeal reflux) in OSA patients, evaluated using the salivary pepsin concentration test (PEP-test), was found to be 32% of cases. Linear regression testing did not show any correlation between AHI and pepsin concentration in salivary samples (p = 0.1). Conclusion: A high number of patients with OSA seem to show positivity for salivary pepsin, correlated to an LPR. There does not appear to be a correlation between the severity of apnea and the grade of salivary pepsin reflux. On the other hand, direct correlation between BMI and the value of pepsin in salivary specimens was observed.

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Oh, Jae Ho, Yong Bae Ji, Chang Myeon Song, Jin Hyuk Jung, Bong Joon Jin, and Kyung Tae. "Correlation between Ambulatory 24 Hour Dual Probe pH Monitoring and Reflux Finding Score, Reflux Symptom Index in the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 56, no. 11 (2013): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2013.56.11.706.

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Garcia-Roig, Michael, Derrick E. Ridley, Courtney McCracken, Angela M. Arlen, Christopher S. Cooper, and Andrew J. Kirsch. "Vesicoureteral Reflux Index: Predicting Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux Resolution in Children Diagnosed after Age 24 Months." Journal of Urology 197, no. 4 (April 2017): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.008.

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Zhai, Rihong, Feng Chen, Geoffrey Liu, Li Su, Matthew H. Kulke, Kofi Asomaning, Xihong Lin, et al. "Interactions Among Genetic Variants in Apoptosis Pathway Genes, Reflux Symptoms, Body Mass Index, and Smoking Indicate Two Distinct Etiologic Patterns of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 14 (May 10, 2010): 2445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.2790.

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Purpose Apoptosis pathway, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (reflux), higher body mass index (BMI), and tobacco smoking have been individually associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) development. However, how multiple factors jointly affect EA risk remains unclear. Patients and Methods In total, 305 patients with EA and 339 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. High-order interactions among reflux, BMI, smoking, and functional polymorphisms in five apoptotic genes (FAS, FASL, IL1B, TP53BP, and BAT3) were investigated by entropy-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), classification and regression tree (CART), and traditional logistic regression (LR) models. Results In LR analysis, reflux, BMI, and smoking were significantly associated with EA risk, with reflux as the strongest individual factor. No individual single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with EA susceptibility. However, there was a two-way interaction between IL1B + 3954C>T and reflux (P = .008). In both CART and MDR analyses, reflux was also the strongest individual factor for EA risk. In individuals with reflux symptoms, CART analysis indicated that strongest interaction was among variant genotypes of IL1B + 3954C>T and BAT3S625P, higher BMI, and smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.76; 95% CI, 2.48 to13.38), a finding independently found using MDR analysis. In contrast, for participants without reflux symptoms, the strongest interaction was found between higher BMI and smoking (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.88 to 5.68), also echoed by entropy-based MDR analysis. Conclusion Although a history of reflux is an important risk for EA, multifactor interactions also play important roles in EA risk. Gene-environment interaction patterns differ between patients with and without reflux symptoms.

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Khitaryan, A. G., A. E. Neimark, A. V. Mezhunts, O. B. Starzhinskaya, A. A. Orekhov, O. V. Voronova, I. P. Chumburidze, M. Y. Shtilman, and D. A. Melnikov. "PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILIARY REFLUX AFTER MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 5 (December 26, 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-5-22-30.

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INTRODUCTION. MGB is considered to be the best alternative to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) due to the shorter operation time and fewer possible complications. The OBJECTIVE of this study was to determine biliary reflux in patients undergoing MGB with a hand-sewn gastroenteroanastomosis, and MGB with a stapler gastroenteroanastomosis.MATERIAL AND METHODS. This study included the analysis of results of treatment of 122 patients with morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome who had undergone laparoscopic MGB. Patients were divided into two clinical groups depending on the method of applying gastroenteroanastomosis. Clinical and endoscopic assessment was used to determine bile reflux; biliary reflux index (BRI) was used. In the postoperative period, the possibility of developing biliary reflux using fibrogastroscopy with biopsy of the gastric mucosa, microscopy of biopsy materials was evaluated. Microscopy of biopsy specimens was performed by a pathologist who evaluated each sample of gastric tissue in accordance with the system for determining the biliary reflux index (BRI).RESULTS. During fibrogastroscopy, biliary reflux was diagnosed in 9 (15.5 %) cases in the study group and 16 (26.6 %) cases in the control group. In the study group of patients, biliary reflux index (BRI) > 14 was determined in 3 patients (5.153 %). In the control group of patients, BRI> 14 was in 7 cases (10.94 %). The difference was significant (p<0.05).CONCLUSION. Determination of BRI index in patients undergoing MGB could be used as a screening method for diagnosing the biliary reflux in order to prevent and develop the tactic for further management of patients from a risk group of complications associated with the toxic effects of an aggressive bile refluxate.The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.

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Melashchenko, Sergii, Viacheslav Chernobrovyi, and Oleg Ksenchyn. "PREVALENCE OF ACIDIC AND NON-ACIDIC REFLUXES IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND ITS RISK FACTORS INVESTIGATED BY MEANS OF MULTICHANNEL INTRALUMINAL PH-MONITORING." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 4 (2019): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201904119.

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Introduction: Previous studies performed by conventional pH-monitors showed that a significant proportion of patients with functional dyspepsia have abnormal acidic gastroesophageal reflux. The investigation, using advantages of multichannel intraluminal pH-monitoring, were not conducted. The aim to reveal the prevalence of all types of refluxes in patients with functional dyspepsia and to estimate risk provoking factors for abnormal reflux. Methods and materials: Patients were divided into 6 groups. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups covered 127 adult patients with epigastric pain syndrome, postprandial distress syndrome and mixed variant respectively. The 4th included 69 NERD patients suffered from frequent (more than one episode per week) heartburn. The 5th group also consisted of 22 NERD patients without heartburn or with rare heartburn-regurgitation. The reference group included 30 subjects without dyspeptic complaint and established diagnoses of gastro-esophageal diseases. For all persons the 200-min MII-pH-monitoring was performed with standardized stimulating breakfast (507kcal, 100 mg caffeine, 300ml) recording basal and postprandial phases. Results: It was found that the difference in comparison to the reference group in the number of refluxes is determined by the number of acid refluxes and not by weakly-acidic and weakly-alkaline refluxes. Patients with functional dyspepsia from all subgroups had an excessive amount of acidic refluxes in comparison with the reference group - 3.7±0.7, 4.7±0.8 and 2.8±0.7 vs 1.8±0.3 episodes (p<0.05). Using the previously obtained threshold values for abnormal acidic reflux (> 6 episodes per 200 min.) and total refluxes (>17 episodes per 200 min.) it was revealed that 22.8% patients with FD had abnormal GER. In addition, 16.5% had an isolated excess of non-acidic reflux. All three dyspeptic groups didn’t have a significant difference in the distribution of patients among subtypes of abnormal presence or absence of acidic/non-acidic refluxes. Conclusion: In functional dyspepsia abnormal acidic reflux are common and affect 22.8% of patients. It is independently associated with hiatal hernia (OR=4.17), previously healed a peptic ulcer (OR=3.90), occasional heartburn (OR=1.25), body mass index (OR=1.11), younger age (OR=0.97).

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Alanazi, Rawan, Ahmed Alrahim, Sara Bayounos, Abdulrahman Al-Ghuwainem, and Mohammad H. Al-Bar. "Association Between Voice Handicap Index and Reflux Symptom Index: A cross-sectional study of undiagnosed general and teacher cohorts in Saudi Arabia." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 18, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.03.014.

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Objectives: This study aimed to assess potential associations between self-reported symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and voice disorders among two undiagnosed cohorts in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2017 in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Validated Arabic versions of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and 10-item Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) were distributed to 400 teachers at 13 schools and 300 members of the general population attending an ear, nose and throat clinic in Khobar. Scores of >13 and >11 on the RSI and VHI-10 indicated a potential subjective diagnosis of LPR and voice disorders, respectively. Results: A total of 446 individuals took part in the study, including 260 members of the general population (response rate: 86.7%) and 186 teachers (response rate: 46.5%). The mean age was 32.5 years. In total, 62.2% complained of voice and/or reflux problems, with the remaining 37.8% not reporting/unaware of any problems in this regard. Among the teachers, 30.6% and 18.3% had positive RSI and VHI-10 scores, respectively, while 43.1% and 14.6% of the individuals from the general population had positive RSI and VHI-10 scores, respectively. Overall, VHI-10 scores were significantly associated with RSI scores (P <0.001). Conclusion: A significant association between RSI and VHI-10 scores suggests that there may be an association between LPR and voice disorders. These tools would therefore be a valuable method of monitoring patients; however, they cannot be used to confirm a diagnosis. Thus, more detailed studies are needed to confirm this association using a larger sample size.Keywords: Voice Disorders; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Hoarseness; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; School Teachers; Saudi Arabia.

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Pokharel, Apar, Jaya Prakash Mayya, and Hari Prasad Upadhyay. "Comparison of Proton Pump Inhibitor and Triple Therapy Regimen for Laryngospharyngeal Reflux Disease." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2493.

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Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is retrograde flow of contents of the stomach to the larynx and the pharynx. The study aims to compare two regimens (proton pump inhibitor monotherapy versus triple therapy) on the outcome of Helicobactor pylori positive laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Methods: The presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was determined by reflux symptom index and reflux finding score. The presence of Helicobactor pylori in the tissue was confirmed by rapid urease test. All urease test negative laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were given a course of proton pump inhibitors and results were evaluated. All urease test positive patients were divided into two groups. One group was given a course of proton pump inhibitors and another group was given a course of triple therapy and the results were compared. Results: A total number of 704 laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were screened for urease test. Among them 138 patients (19.6 %) were urease test negative and were given proton pump inhibitor therapy. Improvement in both reflux finding score (average score 11.75) and reflux symptom index (average score 5.25) score was observed after 3 months with p-value<0.05. In urease test positive patients, improvement in scores was observed in both proton pump inhibitors and triple therapy group, however marked improvement in the clinical features was observed in triple therapy group with p-value<0.05. Conclusions: The study reveals association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and Helicobactor pylori. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is sufficient if no Helicobactor pylori is detected, however incase of presence of Helicobactor pylori, triple therapy gives better results. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; laryngopharyngeal reflux disease; rapid urease test

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Mesallam, Tamer A., and Mohamed Farahat. "Self-Perception of Swallowing-Related Problems in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients Diagnosed with 24-Hour Oropharyngeal pH Monitoring." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7659016.

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Background and Objectives.Swallowing difficulty is considered one of the nonspecific symptoms that many patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux complain of. However, the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and swallowing problems is not clear. The purpose of this work is to explore correlation between swallowing-related problems and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in a group of patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal pH monitoring and to study the effect of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the patients’ self-perception of swallowing problems.Methods.44 patients complaining of reflux-related problems were included in the study. Patients underwent 24-hour oropharyngeal pH monitoring and were divided into positive and negative LPR groups based on the pH monitoring results. All patient filled out the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaires. Comparison was made between the positive and negative LPR groups regarding the results of the DHI and RSI ratings. Also, correlation between DHI scores, RSI scores, and pH monitoring results was studied.Results.Significant difference was reported between positive and negative LPR groups regarding DHI scores, RSI scores, and overall rating of swallowing difficulty. There was significant correlation demonstrated between DHI scores, RSI scores, and 24-hour oropharyngeal pH results.Conclusion.Laryngopharyngeal reflux appears to have a significant impact on patients’ self-perception of swallowing problems as measured by DHI.

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Belafsky, Peter C., Gregory N. Postma, and James A. Koufman. "Validity and Reliability of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)." Journal of Voice 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(02)00097-8.

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Lapeña, José Florencio F., Giancarla Marie C. Ambrocio, and Ryner Jose D. Carrillo. "Validity and Reliability of the Filipino Reflux Symptom Index." Journal of Voice 31, no. 3 (May 2017): 387.e11–387.e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.013.

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Akbulut, Sevtap, Fatma Esen Aydinli, Oğuz Kuşçu, Esra Özcebe, Taner Yilmaz, Clark A. Rosen, and Jackie Gartner-Schmidt. "Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Reflux Symptom Index." Journal of Voice 34, no. 6 (November 2020): 965.e23–965.e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.05.015.

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Farahat, Mohamed, Khalid H. Malki, and Tamer A. Mesallam. "Development of the Arabic Version of Reflux Symptom Index." Journal of Voice 26, no. 6 (November 2012): 814.e15–814.e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.03.010.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reflux index'

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