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1
Gold, Daniel. "Lobbying Regulation in Canada and the United States: Political Influence, Democratic Norms and Charter Rights." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40908.
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Lobbying should be strictly regulated – that is the major finding of this thesis. The thesis presents many reasons to enact stricter regulations. The principle one being that, as lightly regulated as it is, lobbying is corroding democracy in both Canada and the United States.
The thesis opens with a deep investigation of how lobbying works in both countries. There are examples taken from the literature, as well as original qualitative interviews of Canadian lobbyists, former politicians, and officials. Together, these make it clear that there is an intimate relationship between lobbying and campaign financing. The link between the two is sufficiently tight that lobbying and campaign financing should be considered mirrors of each other for the purposes of regulatory design and constitutional jurisprudence. They both have large impacts on government decision-making. Left lightly regulated, lobbying and campaign financing erode the processes of democracy, damage policy-making, and feed an inequality spiral into plutocracy. These have become major challenges of our time.
The thesis examines the lobbying regulations currently in place. It finds the regulatory systems of both countries wanting. Since stricter regulation is required to protect democracy and equality, the thesis considers what constitutional constraints, if any, would stand in the way. This, primarily, is a study of how proposed stronger lobbying regulations would interact with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 2 (free expression and association rights) and s. 3 (democratic rights). The principal findings are that legislation which restricted lobbying as proposed would probably be upheld by the Canadian court, but struck down by the American court, due to differences in their constitutional jurisprudence. The thesis contends that robust lobbying regulations would align with Canadian Charter values, provide benefits to democracy, improve government decision-making, increase equality, and create more room for citizen voices.
The thesis concludes with a set of proposed principles for lobbying reform and an evaluation of two specific reforms: limits on business lobbying and funding for citizen groups. Although the thesis focuses on Canadian and American lobbying regulations, its lessons are broadly applicable to any jurisdiction that is considering regulating lobbying.
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Rutherford, Patricia (Patricia Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Medical education reform in Canada." Ottawa, 1996.
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Clarke, Gregory Eugene. "Popular sovereignty and constitutional reform in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23687.pdf.
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MacMillan, Patricia Helene. "Feminism and female prison reform in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24875.pdf.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Bhatia, Vandna Coleman William D. "Political discourse and policy change: Health reform in Canada and Germany /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Zambelli, Pia. "Refugee status determination in Canada and the path to radical reform." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114562.
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This thesis presents a comprehensive structural and ideological reform proposal for refugee status determination in Canada designed to advance the interests of stakeholders. We propose an alternative model for refugee determination, new approaches to fact finding and credibility assessment in the asylum context, and a shift in systemic values. The alternative refugee status determination model proposed envisions moving from a quasi-judicial initial determination body to either a wholly-judicial one, similar to the Tax Court of Canada or a para-judicial/interdisciplinary one, similar to the Tribunal administratif du Québec. New approaches to fact finding and credibility assessment have centered on the notion that truth in the asylum context is relative, not fixed, and that dialogue and unfettered refugee speech should be privileged as much as possible in the hearing room. The new systemic values advanced have been accuracy (achieved through undistorted reception of information and dissemination of high quality contextual information), efficiency (achieved through simplicity, economy and timeliness being built into adjudicative structures) and juridical sensitivity to context (achieved through appropriate selection criteria, context-specific interdisciplinary training, and the fostering of a juristic culture around asylum decision making). The proposals find their inspiration in empirical data, interdisciplinary academic thought and previous reform initiatives, and are designed to conform to the challenges inherent in refugee status determination.La présente thèse soumet des propositions de transformations structurelles complètes et de réformes idéologiques du processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié au Canada. Ces propositions sont conçues pour promouvoir les intérêts des parties prenantes. Un nouveau modèle du processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié, de nouvelles approches en matière d'enquête et d'évaluation de la crédibilité dans le contexte de demande d'asile, ainsi qu'un changement des valeurs systémiques sont proposés dans la présente thèse. Pour modifier le processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié en vigueur, il est suggéré de mettre sur pied un modèle qui repose sur un organisme entièrement judiciaire, similaire à la Cour canadienne de l'impôt, ou sur un organisme parajudiciaire ou interdisciplinaire, comme le Tribunal administratif du Québec, pour remplacer l'actuel organisme quasi judiciaire chargé d'effectuer la détermination initiale. Les nouvelles approches en matière d'enquête et d'évaluation de la crédibilité sont axées sur la notion que la vérité, dans le contexte de la demande d'asile, est relative et qu'elle n'est pas établie. Dans la mesure du possible, on devrait également privilégier le dialogue et la libre parole des réfugiés dans la salle d'audience. Les nouvelles valeurs systémiques mises de l'avant sont : la précision (apportée par la réception de renseignements non faussés et par la diffusion d'informations contextuelles de haute qualité); l'efficacité (assurée par la simplicité, l'économie et la rapidité mises sur pied dans les structures d'arbitrage); et la sensibilité de l'appareil judiciaire au contexte (exprimée par la sélection de critères appropriés, par une formation interdisciplinaire propre au contexte et par la promotion d'une culture juridique entourant le processus de prise de décision en matière d'asile). Ces propositions puisent leur inspiration dans des données empiriques, des réflexions universitaires interdisciplinaires et des initiatives antérieures de réforme. Elles sont conçues pour s'adapter aux défis inhérents au processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié.
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Crandall, Erin. "Understanding judicial appointments reform: comparing Australia, Canada and the United States." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117059.
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The appointment of a judge, regardless of the process followed, is a political act. With the global expansion of judicial power, the topic of judicial appointments has become one of growing political importance. However, comparative research on judicial appointments reform has so far been limited. This dissertation proposes and tests a theory for understanding the timing and nature of reforms to judicial appointments systems, the Judicial Politics Trigger Theory, by looking at the final courts of appeal in Canada, Australia, and the United States. Examining these three courts from their respective origins to the present day, the dissertation situates contemporary interest in judicial appointments reform within the larger framework of each court's institutional history. Drawing upon in-depth interviews and archival research, it finds that changes to judicial appointments systems in these cases have tended to evolve incrementally over time. In addition, the dissertation highlights the importance that institutional rules can play in structuring the opportunities for and outcomes of reform, and confirms that there is a correlation between the perception of increased judicial empowerment and calls for judicial appointments reform. Consequently, as the judicial branches in various countries continue to gain political power, interest in and attempts to reform the judicial appointments processes of these courts are likely to continue, making research of such reform all the more essential.La nomination d'un juge, quelle que soit la procédure suivie, est un acte politique. Avec l'expansion mondiale du pouvoir judiciaire, le sujet de la sélection des juges est devenu d'une importance politique plus forte. Cependant, la recherche comparative sur la réforme des processus de nominations judiciaires a été limitée jusqu'a present. Cette thèse propose et teste une théorie pour comprendre le calendrier et la nature des réformes des systèmes de sélection des juges, la théorie du «Judicial Politics Trigger», en examinant les tribunaux de dernière instance au Canada, en Australie et aux États-Unis. En faisant l'examen de ces trois tribunaux de leurs origines respectives à aujourd'hui, la thèse situe l'intérêt contemporain pour la réforme des systemes de sélection des juges dans le cadre plus large de l'histoire institutionnelle de chaque tribunal. S'appuyant sur des entretiens avec les élites politiques et des recherches dans les archives, la thèse etablit que les changements de processus de nominations judiciaires dans ces cas ont eu tendance à évoluer progressivement au fil du temps. En outre, la thèse met en évidence l'importance que les règles institutionnelles peuvent jouer dans la structuration des possibilités et des résultats de la réforme, et confirme qu'il existe une corrélation entre la perception de l'augmentation du pouvoir judiciaire et les appels à la réforme des systemes de selection des juges. Par conséquent, parce les branches judiciaires continuent de conquérir le pouvoir politique, l'intérêt et les tentatives de réformer les processus de sélection des juges de ces tribunaux sont susceptibles de se poursuivre, ce qui rend la recherche de telles réformes d'autant plus indispensable.
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O'Connor, Eileen. "Regulating healthy bodies: Health, medicine, and dress reform in Victorian Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6255.
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In the complex process of constructing, regulating and negotiating gender identities, the language of dress communicates messages of power and control. During the Victorian period, acceptable dress for middle-class women included wearing a long dress, corset, crinoline, petticoat, and heeled shoes. This was not a constant or fixed dress code however, and through various campaigns, attempts were made to reform women's dress. A study on change in dress, in particular, dress reform, reveals how boundaries of acceptable dress were constantly negotiated by various groups who employed clothing as a means to regulate gender, race and class. Yet, what were dress reform discourses? Who articulated them? What does dress reform reveal about gender and power relations in the nineteenth century? In this dissertation, I explore the process of problematizing dress in Victorian Canada through an analysis of discourses articulated by members of the medical community; reformers and WCTU women active in moral reform and social purity campaigns; as well as commercial retailers. Overall, this dissertation strives to enhance our understanding of the ways in which the dress reform campaign reveals attitudes towards women's bodies, behaviour and their roles in society. This dissertation argues that in Victorian Canada, it was the medical community who assumed the principle role in educating the public on healthy dress. The medical discussion on clothing covered many topics, but centered on three main themes: the need to maintain warm body temperatures through dress; the effects of tight clothing on organs; and the 'unnaturalness' of fashionable dress. The professionalization of Gynaecology and Obstetrics resulted in more physicians trained as experts on women's bodies, and by extension, on all matters related to women's lifestyle and behaviour. Thus, discourses on women's dress often constructed and reinforced a paradigm in which "fashion" was construed as a danger to women's bodies. Hence, medical discourses on women's dress went beyond placing clothing within a localized disease etiology, and addressed broader issues related to Victorian women's lifestyle, marriage and motherhood.
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White, Donna Gayle. "Benthamite utilitarianism and law reform in Canada: A criminal law perspective." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7756.
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Jackson, Nancy S. "Competence as "good management practice" : a study of curriculum reform in the community college." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28841.
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In the last decade, the concept of competence has become a powerful ideological force as a component of public policy in the post-compulsory sector of vocational/technical education in Canada. It has served as a device for articulating vocational policy and practice to the changing conditions for capital accumulation in the context of economic and social restructuring. This process of articulation is most readily visible at the level of broad public policy statements and political rhetoric calling for reform of the relation between education and work. Less clear is how competency measures give practical expression to these broad policy objectives at the level of routine curricular and institutional arrangements. These issues form the central empirical focus of the thesis, through an investigation of the work process of teachers and administrators involved in implementing competency measures in the college setting.
The central argument is that competency measures effect a fundamental transformation in the organization of curriculum decision making in the college setting. They accomplish the suppression of broad, long-term educational goals in favour of narrow, short-term ones, as a means to increase "flexibility" in labour supply. They limit the use of educational theory as the basis of curriculum decisions and replace it with a set of ideological procedures for constituting "needs" and "requirements" related to job performance. These changes are brought about in part through the imposition of formal, documentary information systems to replace the discretionary judgment and interpretive practices of instructors, making the instructional process accountable within a centrally determined policy process. Through this re-organization of educational decision-making, learning is displaced by managing as the form of praxis which gives shape to curricular organization. The form of competence that is brought into being is not a feature of the performance ability of individuals but an aspect of "good management practice" in educational settings.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
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Gordon, Robert Macaire. "Mental disorders, law, and state : a sociological analysis of the periods of reform in Canadian mental health law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28791.
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A survey and analysis of Canadian statutes and cases affecting the management of the mentally disordered demonstrates that this area of law has experienced several periods of reform since 1900. In the early 1900's, legislation was characterized by 'limited legalism'. Governments subsequently eased, removed, and then re-imposed forms of judicial and quasi-judicial supervision over the activities of medical practitioners, and the periods of reform are referred to as 'medicalization', 'enhanced medicalization', and the 'new legalism'.
The law reforms are associated with changes in state strategies for the management of the mentally disordered, and the relationship between these reforms and changes, the state, structural conditions (e.g., shifts in economic policy), and human agency (e.g., the work of reformers) is explored through an analysis of the emergence of 'enhanced medicalization' in the 1950's/60's, and the rise of the 'new legalism' in the 1970's/80's. This includes a detailed case study of shifts in strategy and the process of law reform in the province of British Columbia. This component of the research involved an analysis of documentary and archival materials, and the structuralist theoretical trajectory within the neo-Marxist sociology of state and law is utilized to explain the changes.
Enhanced medicalization was an integral part of a strategy involving de-institutionalization, an abandonment of segregated confinement, and the use of community-based resources integrated with the health care component of a Keynesian, 'welfare state'. Institutions were seriously over-crowded, ineffective, expensive, and discredited, and the emergence of social assistance and other features of the welfare state enabled the development of alternatives. The conditions were favourable to the efforts of a group of reformers that was an auxiliary part of the state apparatus; namely, the Canadian Mental Health Association. The latter constructed a strategy and supporting legislation which advanced the interests of psychiatry and resolved the state's order maintenance and legitimation problems in a manner consistent with welfare state expansion.
Economic difficulties and changes which began to emerge in the 1970's created new problems for the state, and cost-stabilization and restraint measures were imposed throughout the politically sensitive health care field. The strategy for the management of the mentally disordered consequently shifted to, in particular, accelerated de-institutionalization aimed at hospital closure. In order to facilitate and legitimate the shift, the state has adopted reforms proposed by the patients' rights movement and, despite the objections of organized psychiatry, introduced legislation which limits the use of hospitals and erodes medical domination (i.e., the new legalism).
The contributions to the sociologies of social control, state and law are discussed and the convergence of these fields is identified. The implications for the neo-Marxist theoretical research programme are examined.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Kirkham, Della. "The Reform Party of Canada, a discourse on race, ethnicity, and equality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1994. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ26891.pdf.
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Kirkham, Della (Della Marie) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "The reform Party of Canada; a discourse on race, ethnicity, and equality." Ottawa, 1994.
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Pément, Nancy-Jean. "Pressure groups and law reform a case study of pornography in Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5373.
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Mattina, Anne F. "Shattered silence : the rhetoric of an American female labor reform association /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250098488.
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Lusztig, Michael. "The Canadian Senate as a component of intrastate federalism : an examination of the Canadian Senate in the context of second chambers in other developed states." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61815.
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Burbidge, Anne Leslie. "Breaking the code, the 1995 immigration policy of the Reform Party of Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/MQ30204.pdf.
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Lorenzino, Lisa M. "Educational reform and the process of change in Canadian university music education programs." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30185.
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This study examined the perceptions of music education students, professors, administrators and music teachers in the field with respect to the call for reform in Canadian music teacher training programs. The role that these various groups envision themselves having in this process was also investigated. Fifty-five subjects from the provinces of Quebec and Alberta responded to items on a written questionnaire. From within this subject pool, 19 subjects participated in a series of two interviews in order to gain further insight on various questionnaire items. Results demonstrated a moderate degree of similarity in responses from the stakeholder groups on numerous issues including the current status of music education programs, recommendations for future reform, and effective methods to enact such reforms. Results highlighted the need (a) to increase collaboration levels amongst all stakeholders involved in the process of music teacher training reform and (b) to better align the curriculum content of the university classroom with the needs of the teaching field. Implications for further practises are discussed.
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Raney, Tracey 1972. "Redrawing the map of Canada, identity and community constructions in the citizenship and nationalist discourses of the Reform Party of Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36846.pdf.
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Dochuk, Darren T. "Redeeming the time, conservative evangelical thought and social reform in Central Canada, 1885-1915." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ28191.pdf.
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Dhall, Yashika. "A South Asian Presence: A Study Into NACOI and Its Influence in Shaping Federal Policy Relating to Immigration and Multicultural Policy from 1976 to 1993." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40136.
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This thesis studies the history of the National Associations of Canadians of Origins in
India (NACOI) and its role in helping to shape and impact federal policy relating to immigration reform and multicultural policy in Canada. Ethnic political associations in Canada have a long and extensive history of impacting federal policy. However, the role of NACOI has been underreported when looking into the history of South Asian political advocacy in Canada. The institutionalization of multicultural policy created a framework for ethnic associations to discuss issues that mattered to them. NACOI’s establishment in 1976, five years after multiculturalism became government policy, allowed it to take the helm of these new discussions. Furthermore, NACOI is significant because it represents one of the first attempts to create an organization that aimed to federate all South Asian groups under one umbrella with a solely political goal. This
thesis aims to understand whether NACOI was successful in its endeavours to impact federal policy as well as which struggles led to the decline of the organization. Alongside these questions, this thesis also seeks to explore whether NACOI aided in the integration of East Indians in Canada by the mid-1970s to the early 1990s through their efforts as a political advocacy group. Using NACOI’s quarterly publications, published material produced by the group, internal reports, and interviews with some of the founding members of the organization, this thesis also attempts to provide a micro-history of the organization by detailing its formation, growth and eventual dissolution by the early 1990s.
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Rochon, Sophie. "Age and presence of chronic conditions, education and the health system reform : impact on utilization of health care services by the Canadian elderly." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79806.
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This study examines the importance of age, education, and the health system reforms in the mid 1990's on the utilization of five health services: specialists' visits, family doctor visits, non-physician health professional visits, hospital use, and home care services. The analysis focuses on the Canadians 45 and over, and uses data from the National Population Health Survey.Results. Age per se has only a minor effect on utilization; the relative high utilization rates observed among the aged relate to the use of services by people with chronic conditions, whose prevalence is higher among the aged. Education has little impact on use of services among the aged. The reforms had only significant effect for four services. They increased utilization of non-medical health professional consults, and increased probability of consulting a specialist. They reduced length of stay, and decreased the number of visits made to family doctors.
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Reid, Robert Donald. "Randomized trial of telephone counselling in association with the Guide Your Parents to a Smoke-Free Future program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22231.pdf.
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Webbe, Jaime Alexandra. "An analysis of the feasibility of developing a network of residential outdoor schools within the Canadian Biosphere Reserve Association /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33947.
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Residential outdoor schools are multi-day learning camps that provide unique settings in which to deliver environmental education. However, such schools are also very complex to develop and difficult to maintain and operate. Within Canada though, there are many examples of successful outdoor school operations, three of which are considered here: the North Vancouver Outdoor School, the Olympic Park Institute and the Golden Ears Learning Centre. From these case studies lessons can be learned regarding issues such as: land tenureship, program design, staffing options, administrative systems, facility requirements, finance options and abilities to attract students. The discussion of these factors can then be applied to the development of a nation wide network of residential outdoor schools within the framework of Canadian Biosphere Reserves.Currently there are ten Biosphere Reserves in Canada which, when analyzed, prove to be very adequate sites for environmental education from both physical and social stand points. The Canadian Biosphere Reserve Association is the coordinating body which fosters communication and cooperation between individual Reserves. If a network of residential outdoor schools were to be developed within this association framework, it would serve, both to fulfill the Canadian Biosphere Reserve Associations mandate to support environmental education and would help partially alleviate the lack of adequate environmental education facilities in Canada today.
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Grabarkiewicz-Davis, Christina. "The rise and fall of regional parties : the Reform Party of Canada, the Northern League of Italy, and the Western Canada Concept Party /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341502704.
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Leadbetter, Brian S. "Public service reform in the government of Canada, an analysis of the La Relève initiative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/MQ49390.pdf.
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Cowley, Peter. "The drift of the Canadian Young Men's Christian Association toward secularity 1851-1970 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Gollapudi, Anantha Srinivasa Babu. "Molecular variants of bovine GH and GHR and their association with milk production traits in Canadian Holstein bulls." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32996.
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In dairy cattle, treatment with exogenous growth hormone (GH) affects growth and function of mammary gland. The actions of GH are mediated via interaction with GH receptors (GHR). The first step in signal transduction is homodimerization of two GHR molecules by GH. This step is critical since mutation in either GH or GHR can block dimerization and thus target cell activation. However, association between milk related traits and combination of GH and GHR variations are not known. Accordingly, DNA genotypes in the GH and GHR genes were investigated for association with milk, fat and protein lactation yields in Holsteins. The marker data were obtained on 873 progeny tested bulls by using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP analysis. There were five markers in GH and three in GHR. Estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained from Canadian Dairy Network for milk, fat, and protein lactation yields for the 873 genotyped bulls.There was significant difference among GH6.1 alleles (C-to-G transversion at position 2141) for the milk yield (P < 0.05) and protein yield (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in GHR AluI (A-to-T transversion at -1182) for milk (p < 0.05) and fat (p < 0.05), and GHR StuI (C-to-T transversion at -232) for fat (p < 0.0001) and protein (p < 0.05). Allele frequencies for GH6.1 (C), GHR AluI (A) and GHR StuI (C) alleles in bulls genotyped were 0.95, 0.63 and 0.95, respectively. Bulls with GH6.1 (C/G) genotype had higher milk EBV (p < 0.05) compared to C/C bulls. Bulls with GHR AluI (A/A) genotype had higher milk EBV (p < 0.01) and fat EBVs (p < 0.05). Bulls with StuI (C/C) genotype had higher fat EBV (p < 0.0001) and protein EBV (p < 0.05) compared to StuI (C/T). This study indicates that the combination of GH and GHR markers could serve as a tool to aid in selection for improving milk, fat, and protein production.
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Campbell, Zoe. "The impact of trade reform on the research and development incentives for Canadian dairy producers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2451.
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Canada has long been a proponent of free trade while at the same time defending the current supply management system that protects the dairy industry from import competition. In the most recent Doha Development Round of talks amongst nations belonging to the World Trade Organization, the validity of Canada's protectionist position has been questioned and it is conceivable that Canada may have to make significant changes in the dairy industry to allow more liberal trade policies to be enacted. The key purpose of this study is to find out how free trade will affect the research and development (R&D) incentives of Canadian dairy farmers. On one hand they may be induced to perform more R&D due to competition effects in order to lower costs and achieve a competitive advantage over the main competitor, the United States. On the other hand they may be induced to perform less R&D due to the spillover effect, which allows the Canadian R&D efforts to be used by the United States at no additional cost. It is found that the outcome of these two opposing forces depends on the market scale effect. If Canada is a net importer when the border opens the spillover effect may dominate and Canadian dairy producers may invest less into R&D than under the current protectionist policies. These results however will switch if Canada is found to be the net exporters. The results also depend on the level of the quota currently in place. If the current quota is chosen at a quantity relatively close to the amount supplied at the monopolistic level, a free trade regime may promote R&D efforts more so than supply management. On the other hand, if the current quota level in Canada is closer to the quantity that would be supplied in a competitive industry, Canadian dairy producers may invest less heavily in R&D efforts under a free trade regime than a supply management system.
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Dowsett, Kathleen Joan. "The Women's Art Association of Canada and its designs on Canadian handicraft, 1898-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37947.pdf.
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Hudson, Stephanie Lee. "Freedom of association in Canada : the dilemma for trade unions in a liberal society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28239.
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Trade unions in a liberal society are caught on the horns of a dilemma over freedom of association. In respect to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, unions are faced with relying on the positive freedom to associate as a defence for union security clauses, and, at the same time, denying freedom from association claims of those who do not wish to participate in union membership and/or union activities. The aim of this thesis is to explore that dilemma, and to assess some of the possible strategies union leaders could employ to come to terms with it.
The dilemma that trade unions face consists of several elements. The source of the dilemma is found in the conflict over negative and positive liberty and the nature of freedom, and more specifically over competing visions of freedom of association in the trade union context. This conflict has found its way into the courts; in particular, the Lavigne case, which challenges political expenditures by unions (in certain circumstances), has generated much controversy and resulted in two opposing judicial decisions. However, the courts are not the only arena in which an attempt is being made to balance the competing claims of liberty; the political realm offers another avenue through which trade unions could attempt to influence labour legislation. However, unlike other intervenors such as women's or aboriginal groups, the trade union movement was largely absent from pre-Charter Joint Committee hearings. In hindsight it is quite clear that labour's non-participation represented a missed opportunity to influence the wording of freedom of association in a way that would make challenges from a negative liberty standpoint more difficult. In addition, the post-Charter prospects of lobbying government to implement legislation which would prevent negative liberty claims from succeeding (possibly through the "notwithstanding" clause in the Charter) appear quite dismal. Thus, a trade union strategy which would look for a political avenue out of its dilemma was not implemented pre-Charter and looks doubtful post-Charter.
Nonetheless, in terms of the individual and his freedom (of association) in a liberal society, a fair balance between negative and positive liberty claims should be struck; one which allows limited coerion of the individual in the form of union security (the agency shop), but also restricts trade unions in the form of limits on political expenditures. This balance may, however, seriously threaten the political role of the trade union community. But, while individuals retain their right to exercise negative liberty claims, whether or not they exercise them depends upon their moral beliefs. And an individual convinced of the importance of the trade union community and the threat to that community posed by negative liberty claims, will be much less likely to exercise his right to invoke freedom from association. Unions might be able to meet this difficulty, however, by working towards a consensus about the importance of the trade union community and, more particularly, its political objectives. Such a strategy may be the most suitable alternative that trade unions can adopt in a liberal society.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
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Russell, Lisa Y. "Where you stand depends on where you sit, Canada and reform of the United Nations organization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ49436.pdf.
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Rudkin, Aaron. "Frame Analysis of Canadian Copyright Reform 2008-2012: From "Made-in-Canada" to a "Balanced Solution"." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31601.
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From 2008-2012, the Harper government engaged in an effort to reform Canada's copyright legislation. This thesis uses a frame analysis approach to identify two distinct frames advanced by the government during this reform. 2008's Bill C-61 was unsuccessfully framed as a "Made-in-Canada" bill in order to combat opposition claims that American pressure unduly influenced the policy process. Following the failure of this bill, the government embarked on a public consultation on copyright. Although the government did not substantively modify subsequent reform bills, it was able to leverage the consultation process and Supreme Court of Canada jurisprudence to lend legitimacy to its new frame of the reform as a "balanced approach", build a coalition of support, and mitigate opposition. The thesis' analysis supports key conclusions of existing framing literature and creates a space for the role of ideas in the study of copyright reform in Canada.
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Stephen, Mark Douglas. "Artisans, plebeians, and radical reform in the British Isles, New South Wales, and Upper Canada, 1790-1838." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/MQ47684.pdf.
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MacKinnon, Colin Corey. "The appointment process for the Supreme Court of Canada, reconciling reform with the Canadian system of government." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57256.pdf.
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King, Michael R. "Distributional politics and central bank independence : monetary reform in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2275/.
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Why do politicians change the legislation governing the central bank to give this institution operational independence in the setting of monetary policy. This thesis examines the political debates over central bank independence in New Zealand, Canada, Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s. These cases were selected due to the variation in their levels of central bank independence, while holding key institutional variables constant. Four hypotheses are suggested by the political economy literature to explain the timing of this legislative change: the need to signal creditworthiness to international financial markets, in response to lobbying by domestic interest groups opposed to inflation, in response to proposals from an epistemic community of monetary experts or based on the self-interest of politicians concerned with re-election. The case studies find that politicians delegate to the central bank when this reform has the consensus support of an epistemic community of monetary experts, and a key politician is willing to champion the legislation through parliament. This epistemic community has increased influence during periods of economic uncertainty, such as following a financial crisis. A key politician is motivated to support this reform due to ideological or electoral reasons. This reform was facilitated by political institutions characterised by few checks and balances that concentrated power in the hands of the executive and offered few obstacles to changing the central bank's statute. Central bank independence was rejected in the cases where the epistemic community did not hold a consensus on the need for reform, and politicians saw only electoral risks from changing the central bank's statute. This study finds that politicians retain room to manoeuvre despite the rise of financial globalisation.
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Kino, Junko Carleton University Dissertation History. "The genesis of reform politics in Upper Canada; the opposition group of the fifth parliament, 1809-1812." Ottawa, 1988.
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Blackadar, Kerry Jean. "A content analysis of US newspaper coverage of Canada and the UK’s healthcare systems during America’s healthcare reform." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27836.
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This study examines how Canadian Medicare and the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) were represented in US newspaper coverage between January 2008 and the first quarter of 2010, a period marked by changing healthcare policy in America and dramatic shifts in the journalism industry at large. Through a content analysis of print news from the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and USA Today, this paper tracked and assessed reporting dimensions and coverage themes to illustrate the quantity and quality of coverage. The analysis was based on the seminal work of Pauline M. Vaillancourt Rosenau, who performed a content analysis of newspaper coverage of Canada’s healthcare system between 2000 and mid-June 2005 in the NYT and WSJ.
Findings from this thesis reveal that recent US newspaper coverage of Medicare, though narrow, is more accurate and balanced compared to coverage during Rosenau’s study timeframe. The NHS received far greater attention in US newspapers, indicating that outside factors, potentially including collaboration in the Iraq war, have spawned greater US media interest in the UK at large. On occasion, this study found coverage of the NHS to be critical, relying on anecdotal evidence to suggest systematic failure of aspects of healthcare in the UK. With respect to coverage themes, wait lines for treatment was a dominant issue in US newspaper reporting of both Canadian Medicare and the NHS. Medical tourism and problems associated with paying for universal healthcare also emerged in US representation of the NHS.
This paper concludes with a discussion of outside factors that may have influenced American newspaper coverage during the study period. Considering the current state of print journalism, this paper predicts that, in the years ahead, American print coverage of foreign healthcare will continue to decline. However, in conjunction with this, it is likely that increased online representation of foreign healthcare stories will occur, as new journalism platforms, such as blogs, continue to proliferate. Finally, as American reporters continue to gain greater access to online healthcare research databases, this study suggests that the quality of US coverage of Medicare and the NHS is likely to improve.
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Christy, Keith M. "Intercollegiate athletic reform examining the support for athletic reform of faculty athletic representitive [sic], athletic director, senior woman administrator, and head coach /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186504077.
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Rowntree, Lenore Ruth. "Innovations in the law of lending : a study of the participation mortgage and a proposal for reform of the law of commercial mortgages." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26145.
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The period of high inflation during the late 1970s and early 1980s forced lenders to reconsider their methods of financing commercial real estate projects. During this period, lenders began experimenting with various new forms of mortgage documentation designed to support innovative financing techniques. Many of the innovative techniques developed included a participation feature whereby the lender, in addition to earning a fixed rate of interest, also participated in either the income from a project or the increased value in its equity, or both. As a result of instituting these techniques, both lenders and developers expanded their view of what a commercial mortgage entails. It is unlikely that lenders will return to viewing their role as that of simple renters of money. Since the law of mortgages in Canada has not been sufficiently flexible to adequately accommodate these innovative techniques, there is a need for reform of the law of commercial mortgages.
In this paper, the writer will review the current commercial lending practices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used forms of participation financing. The conclusion will set out a proposal for the reform of the law of commercial mortgages. Central to its recommendations will be the concept that the commercial mortgage should be regarded as a contract for a debt and not as a conveyance of an interest in property. This concept will allow the commercial lender and borrower the contractual freedom to enter into the bargain that best reflects their financing intentions without being hampered by the historical incidents of a common law mortgage.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Choko, Maude. "La liberté d'association au Canada et la liberté syndicale à l'OIT : synonymes?" Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111565.
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On June 8, 2007, the Supreme Court of Canada [SCC] overruled its jurisprudence of the past twenty years on freedom of association. The majority of the judges agreed that section 2d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the right to the process to collective bargaining. In doing so, the SCC rejected the ratio of the majority enunciated in the 1987 trilogy and, at last, gave place to international labour law, in particular to freedom of association principles elaborated by the International Labour Organization's supervisory bodies. The analysis of these principles, focused on three related rights, i.e. the right to collective bargaining, the right to strike and the right not to associate, allows the author to conclude that for the first time, Canada is showing greater respect for its international obligations. What the SCC will decide for the right to strike remains to be seen.
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Foster, Bruce Wayne. "New Right, old Canada, an analysis of the political thought and activities of selected contemporary right-wing organizations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56543.pdf.
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Lee, Chih-Hao. "The Workers' Educational Association and the pursuit of Oxford idealism, 1909-1949." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285111.
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This study examines the practical application of Oxford Idealism to education reform and the adult education movement. According to Idealist philosophy, enlightened and active citizenship was the cornerstone of a participatory democracy. This thesis thus explores how Oxford Idealists used the Workers' Educational Association (WEA) to pursue the aim of cultivating good citizenship and forming a common purpose for the future society they wished to see emerging. The WEA, founded in 1903, embodied the Idealist vision by promoting its two-fold practices: first, it organised university tutorial classes to foster mutual learning and fellowship between intellectuals and workers; second, it campaigned for a state-funded 'educational highway', from nursery to university, so that every citizen would have the opportunity to receive the kind of liberal education which had hitherto been limited to upper and middle classes. By exploring the development of the dual initiative, this thesis examines the achievement and limitations of the Idealist project. In particular, it investigates whether and how this pursuit, in the long run, contributed to the rise of professionalism, a trend which has been ascribed to the efforts of Idealists but which in many ways contradicted the ideal of participatory democracy. In so doing, this thesis explains why the influence of Oxford Idealism-this highly moralistic philosophy which inspired a generation of intellectuals and politicians and lent a distinctive flavour to British public policy at the beginning of the twentieth century-gradually ebbed in the public domain.
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Davies, Louise. "The association between pain, low mood and challenging behaviour in intellectual disability." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3902/.
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Both volume I and II of this thesis are submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Clinical Psychology (ClinPsyD) at the University of Birmingham. Volume I includes the research component, comprising of three papers; a literature review, empirical paper and public domain briefing document. Both the literature review and empirical paper were prepared for submission to the American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, although contrary to journal requirements (see Appendix A for author’s guidelines), tables and figures have been integrated into the text. Volume II includes the clinical component, comprising of five papers; a formulation of one client from two psychological perspectives, a service evaluation, a single case experimental design and two case studies. Client anonymity is ensured throughout through the use of pseudonyms which have been applied to all individuals included within each report.
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Duru, Edward K. "The liberal welfare state and the politics of pension reform : a comparative analysis of Canada and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4351/.
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The provision of state pensions in the advanced countries faces two significant and reinforcing challenges. Demographic change and global economic pressure impact the provision of public pensions by increasing social spending and depending on the method of financing, the base of government’s revenues from which these programmes are funded. Countries belonging to the liberal welfare model, such as the UK and Canada, hold a common view on the primacy of the market and actively adapt measures that keep social benefits modest. Yet the reforms adopted by the UK and Canadian government reveal divergence. This presents a puzzle as the welfare state literature predicts convergence. Canada with its small domestic market and open economy has greater exposure to risks of globalisation than the UK, but it is the UK and not Canada that adopted the more radical reforms. To explain this puzzle, this thesis examines four cases: two different pensions’ schemes in each of the two countries – Canada and the UK. The thesis argues that the concentration of political authority is central to explaining the variation, although not the sole factor.
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Chen, Hong. "The association between long-term exposure to traffic- related air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Ontario, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104720.
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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is suggestive evidence that chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution may increase the incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. However, in few studies has the health effects of traffic-related air pollution been examined at the relatively lower concentrations of pollution such as observed in Canadian cities. In addition, the few studies using land use regression models to assess exposures of traffic-related air pollution at fine geographic resolutions have had modest sample sizes, so statistical power was limited. The purpose of this dissertation was to further our understanding of the aetiology of traffic-related air pollution in relation to cardiovascular outcomes through improved estimates of exposure derived through the juxtaposition of accurate information on residential addresses with improved methods of estimates of spatial concentrations of traffic-related air pollution. Methods: To achieve the research objectives of this dissertation, three studies were conducted. First, I conducted a systematic review of epidemiological evidence between 1950 and 2011 regarding the chronic health effects of ambient air pollution. Second, I developed three new methods of estimating historical exposure to traffic-related air pollution at fine geographic scales through extrapolating “current” land use regression models back in time. These three extrapolation methods entailed multiplying the predicted concentrations of NO2, a marker of traffic-related air pollution, by the ratio of past estimates of concentrations from fixed-site monitors, such that they reflected the change in the spatial structure of NO2 from measurements at fixed-site monitors. Third, I conducted a population-based cohort study to determine whether an association exists between traffic-related air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular mortality among adults living in Ontario, Canada. This population-based cohort study used as a sampling frame the Canadian Federal income tax file and subjects living in Hamilton, Toronto, and Windsor were included in the analyses. I made use of estimates of exposure to traffic-related air pollution using land use regression models and the back extrapolation methods. I carried out adjusted Cox regression models included known individual risk factors and selected ecological covariables and I carried out sensitivity analyses using indirect methods to adjust for smoking that was not available on individuals in the cohort.Results and Discussion: In the Ontario tax cohort study, I found that for each increase of 5 parts per billion (ppb) of NO2, the rate ratios for mortality for all cardiovascular disease and for ischemic heart disease, using different models, varied between 1.04 (95%CI: 1.00-1.09) and 1.10 (95%CI: 1.00-1.21). I found no associations between traffic pollution and cerebrovascular mortality (excess rates of mortality of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.89-1.02)). These results support the hypothesis that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the mortality of cardiovascular disease.Introduction: Les maladies cardiovasculaires représentent la principale cause de mortalité dans le monde. Il existe une preuve suggestive que l'exposition chronique à la pollution atmosphérique d'origine automobile puisse augmenter l'incidence et la mortalité attribuable aux maladies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, peu d'études ont été menées à ce jour pour évaluer les effets sanitaires de la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic à des concentrations relativement faibles telles que celles mesurées dans les villes canadiennes. De plus, les quelques études qui se sont servi de modèles de régression de type Land-use regression pour évaluer l'exposition de la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic à haute résolution spatiale ont été réalisées à partir d'échantillons de taille modeste, et sont conséquemment de puissance statistique limitée. Le but de cette thèse est d'approfondir notre compréhension du lien entre la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic et les maladies cardiovasculaires, ce à l'aide de meilleures estimations de l'exposition environnementale obtenues par la juxtaposition d'information précise sur les adresses résidentielles avec de meilleures estimations des concentrations spatiales de pollution atmosphérique liée à la circulation.Méthodes: Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de recherche de cette thèse, trois études ont été menées. Tout d'abord, un examen systématique des données épidémiologiques associées aux effets chroniques de la pollution de l'air sur la santé entre 1950 et 2011 a été effectué. Deuxièmement, trois nouvelles méthodes ont été développées pour estimer rétrospectivement l'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic à fine résolution spatiale par extrapolation des modèles de régression ‘actuels' de type Land use regression. Ces trois méthodes d'extrapolation impliquaient la multiplication des concentrations prédites de NO2, un marqueur de la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic, par le ratio des estimations des concentrations passées aux sites d'échantillonnage fixes, de sorte qu'elles reflètent les variations spatiales des concentrations de NO2. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse présente une étude de cohorte menée afin de déterminer s'il existe une association entre la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic et des causes spécifiques de mortalité cardiovasculaire chez les adultes vivant en Ontario, Canada. L'échantillon de la cohorte est tiré des bases de données fédérales d'impôt sur le revenu des particuliers. Nous avons utilisé les valeurs estimées de l'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique automobile générées par des modèles de régression de type Land-use regression et des méthodes de rétro-extrapolation. Les modèles de Cox ajustés incluent des facteurs de risque individuels connus et des covariables environnementales, alors que des analyses de sensibilité ont été réalisées avec des méthodes indirectes afin d'ajuster pour le tabagisme.Résultats et discussion: Peu d'études ont été menées pour explorer les associations entre la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic dans les villes et la mortalité cardiovasculaire. Les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que, pour chaque augmentation de 5 parties par billiard (ppb) de NO2, les estimations du risque accru de cardiopathies ischémiques et de mortalité pour l'ensemble des maladies cardiovasculaires variaient entre 1.04 (95%CI: 1.00-1.09) and 1.10 (95%CI: 1.00-1.21). Par ailleurs, nous n'avons trouvé aucune association statistiquement significative entre la pollution liée au trafic et la mortalité cérébrovasculaire (taux de mortalité en excès de 0.95 (95%CI: 0.89-1.02). Cette thèse soutient l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'exposition à long terme à la pollution causée par le trafic accroit la mortalité cardiovasculaire, et plus particulièrement la mortalité due à une cardiopathie ischémique.
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Thompson, Allison (Heather Allison) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "A worthy place in the art of our country: the Women's Art Association of Canada 1887-1987." Ottawa, 1989.
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Isaac, Annette. "Education reform in the Eastern Caribbean : implications of a policy and decision-making program by an external donor." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37901.
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This study analyzes the participation of foreign donors in long-term education reform in the small countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Central to this reform is the development of suitable and sustainable policy and decision-making structures, a relatively new activity for the sub-region's planners and educators. This research seeks to investigate how Canada's input into strengthening and supporting these key policy and decision-making structures of the education reform project may affect the sub-region's expectations for a more indigenous and relevant education system.The background for these issues arose out of my familiarity with the challenges facing OECS Ministries of Education in reconciling their own needs in education with the interests of the donor community. In addition, in colonial times, Britain had considerable influence on every aspect of education in the Caribbean, and, in the post-colonial period, Canada had long-term involvement in human-resource development in the sub-region. This raises questions of the viability of reform of the OECS education system to reflect its own development priority needs, culture and values, when a foreign force is significantly involved in funding the development of the key policy and decision-making structures. How dependent are the OECS countries on Canadian assistance to implement their education reform agenda? The dynamics between aid and sovereignty are also of critical importance, given the Eastern Caribbean's history of colonialism and dependency. These issues have frequently been debated in the context of international assistance in the OECS but, to date, there has not been much in-depth qualitative research on such topics, from the academic community.
Drawing on dependency theory, and on qualitative research techniques, this thesis critically examines the historical, social, and international development factors of significance in such an inquiry. The study also makes recommendations for future relationships between the donor community and the OECS in the education sector.
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Woods, Eric Taylor. "The anglican church of Canada and the Indian residential schools : a meaning-centred analysis of the long road to apology." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/340/.
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The Canadian residential school system, which operated from the 1880s until the 1970s, was a church-state enterprise designed to assimilate Aboriginal children into Euro-Canadian culture and was characterized by poor sanitation and widespread abuse. Recently, it has been the object of the most significant and most successful struggle for redress in Canadian history. However, for most of its long history, the many failings of the residential school system went unacknowledged by the organizations formerly involved in its operation. In this thesis, I seek to explain why. In doing so, I provide a framework for further study on the residential schools and on comparable cases. To resolve my question, I conduct a comparative historical analysis of the Anglican Church of Canada, which was formerly an important partner in the operation of the residential schools. My data is drawn from a wide range of archival material. My analysis is framed by a meaningcentred approach to social behaviour referred to as the Strong Program. In sum, I argue that the initial meaning of the school system as a sacred enterprise hindered acknowledgement of its failings. For the church to acknowledge the failings of the residential schools, such a meaning needed to be replaced with a new meaning emphasizing the tragic consequences of the school system. This could only occur once the balance of social power had shifted away from the defenders of the sacred meaning and towards its detractors.