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1
Maroney, Fr Simon Mary of the Cross M. Carm. "Seminary Life and Formation under Mary’s Mantle: An Exploration of Mary’s Presence and Mission in Initial Priestly Formation." IMRI - Marian Library / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=udmarian156943518492405.
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Chu, L. "Class influences on life chances in post-reform Vietnam." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16166/.
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This study provides a critical analysis of the influence of social class on life chances in post-reform Vietnam. As the country underwent a profound structural transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy in the mid-1980s, social class gradually replaced political class as a major source of inequality. Knowledge about this phenomenon is rudimentary – not least because of the continuing power of state ideology in contemporary Vietnam. Throughout the investigation, Bourdieu’s framework of class reproduction guides both a quantitative analysis of the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth 2010 and a qualitative research of 39 respondents in the Red River Delta region, including young people of the first post-reform generation – now in their 20s and 30s – and their parents. The study discusses the ways in which class determines the ability of parents to transmit different resources to their children, focusing on those that are usable and valued in the fields of education and labour. It finds that, across several areas of social life in contemporary Vietnam, implicit class-based discrimination is disguised and legitimised by explicit and seemingly universal ‘meritocratic’ principles. The study makes a number of original contributions to sociology, three of which are particularly important. (1) Empirically, it breaks new ground for a sociological understanding of both the constitution and the development of class inequalities in contemporary Vietnam. (2) Methodologically, it offers numerous useful examples of mixed-methods integration. (3) Theoretically, it proposes to think with, against and beyond some of the most relevant Bourdieusian research on this topic. The empirical application of Bourdieu’s framework in toto, as opposed to a more customary partial appropriation, facilitates comprehensive insights into: class-specified practices as governed and conditioned by internalised powers and structural resources; the multidimensionality of class-based advantages and disadvantages; and the causative transmission and activation of capital across and within generations.
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Power, Georja Jane, and res cand@acu edu au. "Organizational, Professional and Personal Roles in an Era of Change: the Case of the Catholic clergy." Australian Catholic University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp39.29082005.
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The effects of transformations in the cultural context on the structures of the Catholic organization and consequently on the identity and role of priests is explored in this research. The way these transformations affect clergy relationships with the church, diocesan authorities and parishioners, and ultimately the psychological wellbeing of priests, are investigated in the light of recent research and literature. Quantitative and qualitative data from the Catholic Church Life Surveys (CCLS) of 1996 and 2001 is analyzed, together with qualitative data generated through semi-structured interviews. The theoretical underpinning for the interpretation of changing clerical identity and roles and the relationship dynamics is personality theory, including a neoanalytic model (Horney, 1950), and a psychodynamic approach using an iconic reading of Freud (Cozzens, 2000). Social identity theory (Haslam, 2001), and Fowler’s (1996) theory of faith development also contribute to the theoretical framework. The NEO-FFI personality factors (Costa & McCrae, 1992) are used as covariates throughout the analysis. Four major themes are addressed in this research. First, ambiguities in the identity and role of clergy brought about through structural changes in the organization following the Second Vatican Council. Second, cultural changes which challenged the institutional hierarchical structure of the church and some of its theological and ecclesiological positions. Third, the contribution to satisfaction with ministry and personal wellbeing made by priests’ relationships with the organization, diocesan authorities, and parishioners, as well as intimacy with colleagues and friends. Finally, the impact of psychodynamic factors on the spiritual and psychological dimensions of priestly life. It was found that although the sacramental role of priests remains largely intact, their identity as religious and spiritual leaders is under challenge through greater participation in parish life by educated and theologically trained lay people. It is argued that the competence to appropriately express leadership, preach meaningful homilies and promote spiritual growth in parishioners rests on the attainment of mature psychological development and continued faith and spiritual formation. Analysis of personality factors showed that sound organizational and structural supports are needed to assist priests in their personal and professional lives. Over half the priests in the present study were found to be vulnerable to emotional and psychological distress, while others had strong resources to cope with increased ambiguity and complexity in ministry. A review of literature suggests that cultural changes over the last 30 years compound the effects of Vatican II, particularly the patriarchal hierarchical structure of the organisation and teachings on sexual morality that are under pressure from changing attitudes by both clergy and laity. Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that there is little support by priests for the obligation of celibacy, the successful attainment of which demands a high level of mature psychosexual development. It was argued that without a strong clerical commitment to celibacy, education and training programs currently being implemented in seminaries would be largely ineffectual. Key factors impacting on the relationships of priests with parishioners were found to be first, a decline in the authority of priests, second, the revelations of sexual abuse by priests, and third, the difficulty numbers of clergy have with establishing and maintaining close, intimate relationships. The NEO-FFI factors Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness were found to be significant predictors in the quality of relationships between priests and parishioners, with 30% of clergy experiencing difficulty in these relationships. It was argued that maturity in spiritual, psychological, and psychosexual development was found to impact significantly on clergy personal wellbeing and professional competence, which in turn contributes to satisfaction with ministry.
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Stockdale, Bret. "The new Roman Missal: Catholic identity and parish life." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105013.
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Watters, Sarah. "The measurement of quality-adjusted life years : investigations into trade-offs between longevity and quality of life." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3528/.
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In health care, decision makers are faced with increasing innovation and demand for services accompanied by escalating costs. As a result, governments and institutions have sought to promote health care value (i.e. better outcomes per moneys spent). A summary measure of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) to help decide how to allocate available resources is thus highly desirable. In no other area of public policy has a measure similar to the widely-used quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) been developed. The QALY is therefore unique in both its ambitions and in the political, philosophical and measurement challenges it faces. This thesis set out to examine health state valuation using the time-trade off (TTO), a tool used to measure HRQoL, in the context of a behavioural economic framework. Observed violations of procedural and descriptive invariance, cornerstones of decision theory (on which the TTO is based), have been witnessed in health state valuation and elsewhere. Behavioural economics offers a framework by which such inconsistencies can potentially be better understood. Although behavioural economics has gained traction in other areas of decision research, its application to health state valuation has been limited. Drawing on the decision-making literature and health-specific considerations, the empirical studies in this thesis: provide insight into why previous studies of the TTO have yielded inconsistent findings, showcase violations of internal consistency due to behavioural economic phenomena, and identify issues relevant to the choice of TTO ‘version’ (i.e. how values should be elicited). Implications of the research in terms of stated preference methods and their role in policy are discussed. A strict focus on the TTO was intended, as it is the tool most widely implemented in health state preference elicitation, both in research contexts and clinical studies that seek to demonstrate cost-effectiveness. However, importantly, the empirical findings and discussion in this thesis are relevant not only to researchers of health state valuation but to policy makers in health and other areas of social policy which seek input for their decisions through stated preference exercises.
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Taneri, Pervin Oya. "Implementation Of Constructivist Life Sciences Curriculum: A Case Study." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612257/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this qualitative case study is threefold: (1) to examine the implementation of current Life Sciences curriculum in a selected primary school from the perspectives of teachers, students and administrators<br>(2) to investigate the degree to which teachers&rsquo<br>, students&rsquo<br>and administrators&rsquo<br>perceptions were embedded in the classroom practices<br>and (3) to identify whether the implementation of the curriculum was conducive to principles of constructivist pedagogy.
An elementary school was chosen as a single case in an outer district of Ankara. The participants of the study were the school administrator and 2 co-administrators, 4 classroom teachers and 87 students from different 2nd and 3rd grades classrooms.
The data were collected through document analysis, observations in the Life Sciences classes, semi-structured interview with administrators, stimulated recall interview with teachers, and creative drama with students. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.
The findings indicated that the suggested Life Sciences Curriculum was conducive to the principles of constructivist pedagogy in terms of its content<br>teaching and learning processes<br>instructional methods<br>assessment methods<br>and teachers&rsquo<br>and students&rsquo<br>roles. However, the acquisitions of the LSC were not conducive to the constructivist approach.
The findings on the teachers&rsquo<br>, students&rsquo<br>and administrators&rsquo<br>perceptions about the Life Sciences curriculum indicated that in Life Sciences lessons the teachers seemed to have a role of knowledge transmitter to a group of passive students. According to the findings, the most frequently used teaching methods were lecturing, question-answer and demonstration through using textbooks, workbooks, and white boards. In addition, the most frequently used assessment methods were essay and oral exams, classroom observations and self-assessment. Overall it can be concluded from the findings that although the suggested Life Sciences curriculum was prepared in line with the principles of constructivist pedagogy, the way it was implemented had some deficiencies regarding the actualization of goals suggested by a constructivist curriculum.
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Rivière, Janine. "The distinction of dreams : dream-life, belief and reform in seventeenth-century England /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16740.pdf.
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Leung, Wai-cheong, and 梁偉昌. "Understanding the spatial development of the life insurance industry in post-reform China, 1999-2008." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48183349.
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The life insurance industry in China has experienced rapid growth and profound structural changes since the 1980s. Very much an intellectual topic indeed, the growth of the life insurance industry has received much academic attention from the economic and business perspectives. However, most if not all of the research conducted to date has been in the examination of the underlying reasons for the growth of the industry, while the comparison has been made usually on the national level. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of the life insurance industry, an area in which most geographers are passionate. Acknowledging that market forces are major determinants of the growth of the life insurance industry, this dissertation strives to identify the pertinent spatial patterns and offer possible explanations of their variation among different China’s regions.
This thesis starts with a critical evaluation of the underlying reasons of the spatial demand for life insurance in post-reform China from 1999 to 2008. What follows is an investigation of the spatial behavior on the life insurers who are the service suppliers in response to the operating and regulatory environment. An empirical study of China’s three macro-regions is then conducted. Multiple regression and ANOVA analysis using the respective macro-economic and insurance data of the studied regions have been employed for hypothesis testing. Three research findings confirmed are statistically significant; first, the growth of the life insurance industry is positively correlated with the level of economic development of a region; second, a life insurer’s market share is positively correlated with its business infrastructure; and third, the institutional and regulatory environment has a direct and positive impact on the growth of a life insurer, as testified by the two case studies of a domestic and a foreign life insurer.
The research findings underscore the importance of both the market forces and the visible hand in determining the spatial development of China’s life insurance industry. Hopefully this study can shed some light on this research matter: for academicians and regional scientists alike to appreciate the contributing factors of the spatial distribution and variations of life insurance among different China regions; for business practitioners to appraise the underlying components of insurance supply and the relevant spatial attributes for office locations and expansion; and lastly for government officials and policy-makers to cross-question the merits of the current regulations in shaping the current life insurance landscape, and to devise the pertinent measures to alleviate the regional difference, if the approach of balanced development growth for the life insurance industry is the ultimate goal.<br>published_or_final_version<br>China Development Studies<br>Master<br>Master of Arts in China Development Studies
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Fallon, Patricia, and n/a. "So Hard the Conquering: A Life of Irene Longman." Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030801.170528.
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This biography of Irene Longman is the story of a remarkable woman. A woman of integrity, intelligence, courage and compassion. It is also the story about the period in which she lived and how her life was inevitably interwoven with the lives of others and with the social structure and culture of the times. What made Irene Longman unique was that she became the first woman to sit in the Queensland Parliament. Irene Longman was elected to the Queensland Parliament in 1929, defeating the sitting Labor member in Bulimba. She was nominated by the Queensland Womens Electoral League and endorsed by the Country Progressive National Party, but held the seat for only one term as Labor swept back into power in 1932. Longmans career in the Moore government coincided with a brief interruption of continuous Labor rule in Queensland (1915-1957). No other woman was elected to State Parliament in Queensland until after Irene Longmans death in 1964 at the age of 87. Though her parliamentary career was short, Irene Longman was active in public life for over thirty years. This thesis brings to light her early childhood in Tasmania, her education and development while living in Sydney and will describe her career and the associational networks which shaped her political ideas. In 1904 at Toowoomba, Irene married Heber Longman and they made Queensland their permanent home. Although this study investigates a particular historical period in Australia, a wider account of Queensland life is incorporated to give a political context to Irene Longmans experiences in the decades after Federation. Irene Longman was involved in a wide range of social issues including town planning and the preservation of flora and fauna. But her professional and voluntary work was principally in the field of the welfare of women and children. Therefore, this thesis is not only a historical study but it also examines other discourses related to Irene Longmans experience and interest, such as feminism and womens reproductive function. I consider how the strength of maternal citizenship influences the way women lived their lives and understood their positions in the world.
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Fallon, Patricia. "So Hard the Conquering: A Life of Irene Longman." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367919.
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This biography of Irene Longman is the story of a remarkable woman. A woman of integrity, intelligence, courage and compassion. It is also the story about the period in which she lived and how her life was inevitably interwoven with the lives of others and with the social structure and culture of the times. What made Irene Longman unique was that she became the first woman to sit in the Queensland Parliament. Irene Longman was elected to the Queensland Parliament in 1929, defeating the sitting Labor member in Bulimba. She was nominated by the Queensland Women’s Electoral League and endorsed by the Country Progressive National Party, but held the seat for only one term as Labor swept back into power in 1932. Longman’s career in the Moore government coincided with a brief interruption of continuous Labor rule in Queensland (1915-1957). No other woman was elected to State Parliament in Queensland until after Irene Longman’s death in 1964 at the age of 87. Though her parliamentary career was short, Irene Longman was active in public life for over thirty years. This thesis brings to light her early childhood in Tasmania, her education and development while living in Sydney and will describe her career and the associational networks which shaped her political ideas. In 1904 at Toowoomba, Irene married Heber Longman and they made Queensland their permanent home. Although this study investigates a particular historical period in Australia, a wider account of Queensland life is incorporated to give a political context to Irene Longman’s experiences in the decades after Federation. Irene Longman was involved in a wide range of social issues including town planning and the preservation of flora and fauna. But her professional and voluntary work was principally in the field of the welfare of women and children. Therefore, this thesis is not only a historical study but it also examines other discourses related to Irene Longman’s experience and interest, such as feminism and women’s reproductive function. I consider how the strength of maternal citizenship influences the way women lived their lives and understood their positions in the world.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Philosophy (MPhil)<br>School of Humanities<br>Full Text
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Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb /." Connect to this title, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.
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Khan, Piyali Chandra. "Study on efficiency measurement of life insurance companies of India in the post reform era." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2830.
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Ghosh, Amlan. "Analysis of reforms in life insurance sector in India and identification of determinants of insurance demand in post reform era." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1411.
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Mamphodo, Aifheli Douglas. "Baseline study of the quality of life of land reform beneficiaries in Limpopo Province a case study of Gertrudsburg /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212007-152303.
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Kruczek-Aaron, Hadley. "Struggling with moral authority religion, reform, and everyday life in nineteenth-century Smithfield, New York /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. https://login.libezproxy2.syr.edu/login?qurl=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1441187511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Raab, Roman. "Pension Reform and Retirement Incentives: Evidence from Austria." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07312008-120625/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.<br>Title from file title page. Sally Wallace, committee chair; Bruce A. Seaman, Klara S. Peter, Stephen J. Kay, committee members. Electronic text (116 p. : col. ill. ) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115).
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Shen, Yang. "Transforming life in China : gendered experiences of restaurant workers in Shanghai." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3205/.
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Internal migration has played a major role in the transformation of post-reform China. To explore how migrants have experienced change I consider three aspects of the lives of a particular group of migrants working in a restaurant in Shanghai: work experiences, intimate relationships with partners and families, and leisure time. I aim to highlight both men and women’s experiences in order to analyse the significance of gender alongside social class and hukou status as markers of social division in China. Based on more than seven months of participant observation and interviews, mainly with migrant workers, between 2011 and 2014, my thesis aims to illuminate how this shift in location has affected their lives: how gender operated in their daily lives; how their experiences were gendered; and how agency was exercised, how subjectivity was expressed. In examining these different dimensions I consider how these migrants dealt with a range of tensions and hierarchies, such as the denigration they encountered from customers; the inconsistency between job hierarchy and gender hierarchy; how they reinterpreted filial piety; and how their income and time-constrained leisure formed part of their coping strategies in gender-differentiated ways. Primary findings are that these migrant workers experienced change in complex and contradictory ways. Some male workers in the lowest-level jobs, whose work primarily depended on physical labour, were disadvantaged in this gendered, feminised and hierarchical workplace. Their financial disadvantage made it difficult for them to find wives and to conform to the image of primary breadwinner post-marriage. However, men despite their disadvantaged position in the work place and in partner finding still exercised their male privilege in everyday gender relations and likewise the women still experienced sexual harassment. In comparison, the female migrant workers benefited in some ways by moving away from the tedium of rural lives and by becoming financially independent wage labour, but at the same time they still performed their filial obligation of financially supporting their natal families. These workers negotiated their changed circumstances in gendered ways. I argue that their subjectivities were influenced by a range of factors, including consumer culture and the patriarchal system, which was mediated through filial piety.
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Stoll, Mark J. "An analysis of the formation of the particular law on priestly life and ministry of the Diocese of Sioux City, Iowa in light of the 1983 Code of canon law." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Kovacs, Katherina Antonia. "Student participation in Career and Life Management, policy and program analysis and educational reform in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0011/NQ59614.pdf.
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Foot, Sarah Rosamund Irvine. "Anglo-Saxon ministers AD 597-ca 900 : the religious life in England before the Benedictine reform." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292202.
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Hollar, Danielle S. "The Creation and Illustration of Quality of Life: A Conceptual Model for Examining Welfare Reform Impacts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29842.
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Policymakers, public administrators, the media, and others are celebrating the "success" of the latest version of welfare reform, codified into law in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Most often, success is defined in terms of declining caseloads or in some other economic form - a practice that does not provide a true sense of the impact of policy changes such as welfare reform. Assessing the human impact of policy change requires more than the evaluation of economic outcomes; it requires knowing about the resources of beneficiaries of social services and their conditions of life from various perspectives. Thus, we have to strive for greater understanding about the socio-cultural aspects of people's lives that create the whole person, aspects such as health, family and friendship networks, housing situations, public and private support service and program use, conditions of work, and so forth (Erikson, 1993). This is how we come to understand one;s quality of life. The present research creates a conceptual model called quality of life, and illustrates the model using data from a follow-up study of former welfare recipients in a county in northern Virginia. Evaluation activities premised on a quality of life model will assist policy actors in understanding policy impacts and how to strategically manage public institutions within their very complex contexts, especially in an era of welfare reform.<br>Ph. D.
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Combs, Sara T. "Race reform in the early twentieth century South the life and work of Willis Duke Weatherford /." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1105104-232647/unrestricted/CombsS111604f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1105104-232647 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Combs, Sara Trowbridge. "Race Reform in the Early Twentieth Century South: The Life and Work of Willis Duke Weatherford." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/953.
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Willis Duke Weatherford, a liberal pioneer in Southern race reform, argued that the ethics of Christianity obligated Southerners to address the social and economic problems faced by blacks in the early twentieth century. His strategy for improving race relations centred on educating Southerners and promoting economic uplift for blacks. Weatherford advocated race reform through the Young Men's Christian Association, the Southern Sociological Congress, and other voluntary organizations. He published books, taught courses, preached sermons, organized conferences, and raised funds from Northern philanthropists. Through an analysis of Weatherford's published writings and of his papers archived at the Southern Historical Collection, the present study provides a biographical profile of Weatherford's life and career, examines the development of Weatherford's racial views in the social and political context of his time, describes Weatherford's program of race education developed for college students, and discusses an interracial conference held at the Blue Ridge Assembly in 1917.
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Ni, Chen. "Lost in transition : the reality of reform in a local SOE in modernising China." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lost-in-transition-the-reality-of-reform-in-a-local-soe-in-modernising-china(00632883-e8c7-4ca2-9218-87039d70497b).html.
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China's SOE restructuring has always been an important challenge in the country's economic reform. However, despite a growing literature dealing with the macro perspective of China's SOE reform and the large national champions in the country, there have been few attempts to focus on the smaller local SOEs and their employees who also endured all these massive economic and social changes. This study, based on interviewing employees of a once successful small SOE in Suzhou China about their dramatic work-life changes, provides another angle to examine China's SOE reform. It also presents the impacts of the reform measures on a company and, more importantly, on its employees, by allowing the employees to make their own interpretation on the SOE reform and the changes. By doing so, it brings recognition to the employees of China's local SOEs who seemed to be ignored in past studies and connects the macroeconomic policies and reform measures in China's transitional period to a more concrete discussion of the actual individuals involved.
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Ghosh, Amlan. "Analysis of reforms in life insurance sector in India and identification of determinants of insurance demand in post reform era." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3657.
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Devey, Richard Michael. "Employment and quality of life of participants in the land redistribution programme in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : a comparison of different models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/employment-and-quality-of-life-of-participants-in-the-land-redistribution-programme-in-kwazulunatal-south-africa-a-comparison-of-different-models(991297ea-a239-44aa-b92d-633a8eb6f4f7).html.
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Rural South Africa shows high levels poverty, inequality and unemployment and land reform is one strategy adopted to address these problems. However, the land reform programme appears to have limited success in meeting the objectives of poverty reduction, reducing inequality and creating employment. The main research question is ‘How has the implementation of market-based land reform (MBLR), within the three delivery models, contributed to agrarian change in South Africa?’ Sources of data used to answer this question include the 2005 Department of Land Affairs Quality of Life Survey and case studies of contract farming land reform projects in the KwaZulu-Natal sugarcane sector. Analysis of the survey demonstrates land reform has been implemented in a haphazard manner. A number of redistribution projects achieve some degree of commercial success but household participation in projects is generally low. However, beneficiary households do use project land for private purposes so productive activity, albeit not of a commercial nature, is evident. Beneficiary households rely on an array of livelihoods to survive, of which employment on a land reform project is the least prevalent. Satisfaction with land reform is not strongly correlated with profit or employment on a project suggesting owning land holds more value than adopting its previous productive process. Analysis of the contract farming case studies provides deeper insight into the neoliberal land reform model. While productivity gains are evident, ownership of the process of production is uneven and not in favour of the beneficiary. A close relationship between state and industry is critical for land reform to succeed. The capital-intensive nature of the industry and the share of profit across a greater number of owners indicate it would be difficult to scale up this model. MBLR appears to have little impact on existing economic and social structures which reproduce inequality.
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Pettit, Harry. "Without hope there is no life : class, affect, and meritocracy in middle class Cairo." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3673/.
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This thesis examines the lives of a group of young middle-class Egyptian men who experience a mismatch between their aspirations and their chances of realising them. It analyses the historical emergence of an under-recognised ‘falling’ middle-class in contemporary Egypt, by comparing their relative fall with another middle-class population which has experienced a dramatic rise in wealth and status in the aftermath of neoliberal economic change. I contribute to literature examining the rise of the middle-classes across the Global South in recent years. First, I reveal the importance of historically-owned rural land, cultural privilege, the legal and political remnants of state socialism, and international migration in the socio-economic rise of an Egyptian middle-class. Second, I move away from a predominant focus on consumption, and instead highlight how educational markers, and ‘character’ differences enable the exercise of a new form of ‘open-minded’ middle-class distinction. But finally, I challenge existing literature by uncovering the emergence of an alternative, less-celebratory middle-class in the late-20th and early-21st century, one which has experienced relative decline as the public sector jobs, education, and subsidies they relied on to forge their middle-class lives have been stripped away. The rest of the thesis uses eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork stretched over two years to delve into the lives of a group of young men in this falling middle-class category as they attempt to make the transition from education to ‘aspired to’ employment. It first establishes the existence of a rupture in the Bourdieu-like congruence between their aspirations for a globalised middle-class life, and their ability to reach it. The three main empirical chapters analyse the consequences of this ‘mismatch.’ By applying affect theory to the study of class immobility, I recast existing understandings of how people navigate conditions of ‘waithood,’ in particular through reintroducing a focus on stability and power. I argue that these young men survive their classed and aged immobility through forming a ‘cruel attachment’ to a discursive and material terrain of Egyptianised meritocracy that affects them with hope for the future. This terrain was continuously extended by certain labour market industries and institutions, such as training centres, recruitment agencies, and an entrepreneurship ‘scene,’ that constituted part of Cairo’s ‘hopeful city.’ The thesis therefore demonstrates how Egypt’s capitalistauthoritarian regime also survives, securing the compliance of young middle-class men, despite denying them access to respectable middle-class living, by continually regurgitating a hopeful promise of future fulfilment.
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Wu, Di. "The everyday life of Chinese migrants in Zambia : emotion, sociality and moral interaction." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1018/.
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In recent years, Chinese engagement with Africa has expanded dramatically but has also become increasingly diverse as a wide range of Chinese institutions and individuals have undertaken activities on the continent. This phenomenon has attracted significant interest from scholars in different disciplines; however, most of the research carried out to date has been relatively macro-level, e.g. looking into international political-economic relations between states. This thesis aims to contribute to the recently emerging research perspective that focuses on Sino-African interactions from the ground up. It is based on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork carried out mainly in two sites near Lusaka, Zambia: a Chinese state-sponsored ‘agricultural technology demonstration farm’ and a private farm that is owned and run by a Chinese family. With their respective modes of organization and operation, fieldwork in these two farms provided access to very different types of interlocutors and situations. The primary focus in the thesis, building on data from these two contrasting settings, is on everyday situational interactions within the Chinese community itself and, to a lesser extent, between Chinese migrants and their Zambian hosts. The daily patterns of interaction among the Chinese migrants illustrate the essential role that emotion plays in forming and reproducing social relations and groups. On the one hand, in the Chinese folk understanding emotions are stressed and they are seen to be more important than instrumental exchanges when it comes to achieving sustainable relationships. On the other hand, as they are embedded in everyday moral interaction and conversational situations, the empathetic realization of embedded emotions is held to encourage convivial communication and group formation. At the pragmatic level, I argue that the significant role given to emotion within the folk understanding of social life may actually hinder interaction with ‘outsiders’. This can be manifested in the form of mismatched ethical practices in the course of everyday interaction. In this particular setting, it therefore causes tension between Chinese migrants and their Zambian hosts. Theoretically, against Potter’s claim that emotion is largely irrelevant in Chinese society, I argue that emotion, with an extensive connotation, is in fact the fundamental factor in the formation and reproduction of Chinese social relations.
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Evans, Jason Wyeth. "On his own terms : ecclesiastical reform, kingship, and the personal piety of William the Conqueror /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418017.
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Courtin, Emilie. "Do living arrangements affect depression in later life? : evidence from Europe and the United States." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3734/.
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Living arrangements of older people in Europe and the US have changed considerably in the last decades. The impact of these changes on mental health in later life is not fully understood. Making use of interdisciplinary ageing datasets (the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Health and Retirement Study in the US), this thesis aims to evaluate how changes in the way older people live influence depressive symptoms in old age – focusing on two types of living arrangements: intergenerational co-residence and housing tenure. Composed of four empirical chapters, this PhD thesis makes four methodological and substantive contributions to the literature. The first chapter sets the stage for a cross-national comparison of the effect of living arrangements on depression. It assesses the comparability of commonly used depressive symptoms measures in the primary ageing datasets (Euro-D and CES-D scales). The second chapter focuses on the effect of early access to homeownership (before the age of 35) and housing stability on later life depression in the US. The findings suggest that accessing the housing ladder early on in the life course and remaining in that home are associated with both lower levels of depressive symptoms and slower progression of depression in later life. The third empirical chapter investigates the association between changes in housing tenure and depression in later life in the US. Using individual fixedeffects models, this analysis assesses whether within-person changes in housing tenure are associated with within-person changes in depressive symptoms. The analyses show that acquiring a home after 50 brings mental health benefits. The fourth empirical chapter evaluates the effects of intergenerational co-residence in 14 European countries. Using an instrumental variable approach to account for reverse causality, the findings suggest that co-residing with an adult child in the context of the 2008 economic crisis can yield mental health benefits for their parents. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis underscore the importance of living arrangements as key life course determinants of depression in old age.
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Zebley, Kathleen Rosa. "God and Liberty: the Life of Charles Wesley Slack." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603362324341883.
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Atkinson, Joseph Logan. "Through the telescopic lens of literature, social life and the reform of English quarantine law, 1665-1722." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26898.pdf.
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Atkinson, Joseph Logan Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Through the telescopic lens of literature; social life and the reform of English quarantine law 1665-1722." Ottawa, 1997.
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Smidt, Andrea J. "Fiestas and fervor: religious life and Catholic enlightenment in the Diocese of Barcelona, 1766-1775." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135197557.
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Stock, Inka. "Transit to nowhere : how Sub-Saharan African migrants in Morocco confront life in forced immobility." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28525/.
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This thesis is based on an ethnographic study of the lives of Sub-Saharan African migrants residing in Morocco. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of these migrants live in the urban centres of the country, mostly without migration status and with very limited access to formal employment, social services and legal protection. While many of these migrants wish to move on to another country, return to their home countries or, in some cases, settle permanently in Morocco, most are unable to do so and are 'stuck' in a situation of 'forced immobility' for indeterminate periods of time. The study describes how migrants narrate their particular migratory trajectories to Morocco, their arrival in the country, their dealings with fellow migrants and their efforts to survive. It analyses the processes by which they become alienated in space and time from their existential quest for a better life. While in Morocco, migrants' lives are focused on the present and their social relations are often marked by hierarchical and exploitative structures of dependence. These circumstances make them question their feelings of belonging, their values and their ideas about themselves and the meaning of migration as an existential quest. Drawing on Albert Camus' idea of the absurd, migrants' feelings of alienation are compared with an absurd situation, in which old values lose their meanings in an apparently senseless world. Rather than approaching migrants as passive victims or hopeless individuals, the study seeks to explore how migrants' lives in liminal times and spaces are shaped by the various strategies they employ in an attempt to take control of their own destiny. Social theories of waiting and time are used in this context to highlight how migrants' action - or inaction - can be understood as purposeful from their own perspective. From an existential point of view, waiting for onward migration constitutes a kind of revolt against the absurd conditions they are facing in forced immobility and gives at least some meaning to their lives. The thesis is framed against conventional discourses of transit migration, which conceive of migrants in Morocco as criminal trespassers of borders or else as victims who have little choice over their actions. This discourse often serves as a justification for increasingly restrictive migration policies and measures to control and prevent migrants from settling or moving through countries bordering the European Union. The thesis argues that the 'transit migrant' is a normative and political construct that does not reflect the reality of migrants coming to Morocco. Furthermore, policies designed to control migrants' movement and stay do nothing to improve their situation in Morocco but rather contribute to their increasing marginalisation. The thesis also draws attention to problems with the relief-based nature of much short-term humanitarian aid granted to migrants in Morocco, showing how these type of activities do not address or take into account migrants' complicated relation to the present.
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Alvarez, de Toledo Cayetana. "Politics and reform in Spain and New Spain : the life and thought of Juan de Palafox 1600-1659." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339959.
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Cowley, Stephen Graham. "Rational piety and social reform in Glasgow : the life, philosophy and political economy of James Mylne (1757-1839)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8941.
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The philosopher James Mylne (1757-1839) vindicated the rational powers of humanity against the sceptical and “common sense” philosophies of his Scottish predecessors and earned the trust of his contemporaries for his Whig politics. He and the largely neglected philosophy and political economy classes he taught in Glasgow clearly merited closer study. My thesis thus contains a biography of Mylne and interpretative essays on his lectures on moral philosophy and political economy and his political views. James Mylne attended St Andrews University where he acquired a liberal education in the Scottish tradition and a particular knowledge of theology. He became a Deputy-Chaplain with the 83rd Regiment of Foot during the American War of Independence and his experience sheds light on his later advocacy of a militia. Thereafter he served for 14 years as a Minister in Paisley where he was exposed to the literary culture of Glasgow and the radical tinged politics of the French revolutionary era. From 1797 until his death he was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow University, where he delivered effective lectures on moral philosophy and political economy. His impact of his teaching was enhanced by student exercises in essay-writing, following the method of George Jardine. He was also active and influential in the Whig politics of the day. Mylne broke with the political caution of Adam Smith, Thomas Reid (1710-96) and James Beattie. Smith’s warning of a “daring, but often dangerous spirit of innovation” in politics contrasts with the “speedy and substantial reform” advocated by Mylne, who extended the Whig thought of John Millar (1735-1801). The lectures contain material common to Scottish traditions of mental philosophy. However, Mylne’s philosophy is anchored in a tradition of “rational piety” that places individual judgements at the core of mental life and in a philosophy of history that sees intellectual progress at the heart of social, economic and political developments. In place of the scepticism of David Hume (1711-76) and the common sense of Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart (1753-1828), he proposed a constructive account of experience, developing directly from John Locke (1632-1704) and his French follower Condillac (1714-80). In two particular respects, Mylne’s thought diverges from the ‘moral sense’ and ‘common sense’ traditions associated with Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid in Glasgow. These are his doctrine of the external world and his account of free will and providence. Mylne draws on Condillac to argue that there is no need to draw on common sense to explain belief in an external world as this is explicable by an analysis of touch. He considers that the mind is determined to act by rational motives and the concept of freedom without motive is incoherent. As a result of these views, Mylne reinstates reason as the guiding principle of conscience and argues for utility as the predominant criterion of morality. His views of political reform and the concept of value in his political economy lectures on the emerging market economy are related loosely to these features of his philosophy. The influence of Mylne’s teaching was extensive both in Scotland and the English-speaking world. This can be documented by acknowledgements and reminiscences by his students, many of whom who went on to teach themselves and by comparison of their published works with the content of Mylne’s teaching. More distantly, I argue that Mylne had an indirect influence on the ethos of the early Idealist movement in Glasgow. Mylne’s philosophy evinces a sense of the unity of experience, drawn initially from the universal elements of sensation and judgement, but with religious overtones. His commitments to inquiry and social reform and critique of the common sense school prepared the ground for the Glasgow idealists.
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Alvarez, de Toledo Cayetana. "Politics and reform in Spain and viceregal Mexico : the life and thought of Juan de Palafox, 1600-1659 /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392359050.
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Diz, Agustin. "The afterlife of abundance : wageless life, politics, and illusion among the Guaraní of the Argentine Chaco." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3460/.
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In Argentina, indigenous populations have been marginalised from the nation-state’s projects of enfranchisement even though their labour has often been in high demand. The Guaraní of the Argentine Gran Chaco are a case in point. Once highly involved in the extractive frontier economy of the region, they have had very little access to broader political projects of belonging. Over the last few years, however, this historical trend has been reversed. On the one hand, Guaraní settlements currently constitute a surplus population whose labour is no longer demanded by the regional economy. On the other, state-sponsored cash transfer programmes secure the subsistence of Guaraní families while multicultural legislation has sought to enfranchise them in new ways. At the local level, these simultaneous processes of inclusion and exclusion have created a series of tensions and contradictions that mark everyday life. To investigate these processes, this thesis explores the various motivations, opportunities, and challenges that characterise the political and economic life of Guaraní settlements. It considers the gendered impacts of unemployment and welfare dependency at the settlement level and analyses the ways in which autonomy and dependency play out in local politics. This leads to an ethnographic exploration of factional conflict and to an appreciation of how people negotiate legal projects of institutionalisation. It is shown that practices of egalitarianism, hierarchy, autonomy, and representation are intertwined with ideas about gender, work, and plurality. The thesis argues that a concern with abundance lies at the heart of Guaraní life. Two subjunctive moments – an annual harvest celebration and the game of football – are explored as particular instances in which the Guaraní appear to attain such desirable states of abundance; at the same time, it is argued that these moments create a space of ‘illusion’ wherein the gendered ties of dependency and control that underpin abundance are fundamentally misrecognised. The thesis elaborates a theory of Amerindian political economy in which wageless life and abundance partially displace more classic themes of labour and scarcity. In doing so it provides new understandings of how collectivities are fashioned among subaltern populations, while highlighting how inclusion and exclusion are achieved and experienced in the everyday.
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Osgood, Aurea Kay. "Does Working Hurt? How Welfare Reform Work Policies Affect Child Well-Being." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1229976707.
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Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb." University of Western Australia. School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.
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This thesis establishes the concept of affective form as a means of examining urban design – being the intersection of architecture, planning and landscape – in relation to techniques of governance. Affective form broadly describes a built environment where people are encouraged to amend, or govern, their actions according to particular socio–political ideas. Exploration of the concept’s application as a theoretical tool is undertaken here in order to generate a means of discussing the ethical function of urban design. The emergence of notions of affective form will be located in the eighteenth century, alongside the growing confidence in the ability for humankind to effect social and cultural progress. In a series of examples, stretching throughout the twentieth century, the implicit relation of planning, architectural and landscape form to social effect is discussed. The language, and design models, used to delineate affective form are described, alongside discussion of the level of intentionality apparent in the conceptions of urban form’s social effect. Critique through affective form allows an analysis that brings together the underlying utopian elements of projects – the traces of ideology and sociological theories – with an evaluation of the formal concepts projected. As the second area of investigation, the city of Perth in Western Australia provides a contextual focus for the examination of concepts of affective form. Through a series of appropriations of urban design models a suburban archetype emerged in Perth of a planned, homogenous field of low–rise, single–family, detached dwellings within a gardenesque landscape. The process of appropriation is described as a continuing negotiation between local expectations and the implicit conceptions of affective form within the imported models. Connecting the two primary concerns of the thesis, the ability of form to influence social change and the evolution of Perth’s garden suburb ideal, is the association of that developing garden suburb model with notions of affective form. The associations are outlined through three case studies. The first is an account of the planning of the City of Perth Endowment Lands Project during the 1920s. The second describes the planning and architecture of the athlete’s village built for the VIIIth British Empire and Commonwealth Games held in Perth in 1962. The third study details the development in the 1990s of Joondalup, a satellite city in the Perth metropolitan region. The account of Perth’s garden suburb ideal is intertwined with the consideration of the varying ways in which the conceptualization of affective form has been expressed. Each case study is contextualized by a preceding chapter that discusses the particular conceptions of affective form used in its examination. Thus the main body of the thesis comprises three parts – each associated with a case study, each containing two linked chapters
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Mejia, Pailles Gabriela. "A life course perspective on social and family formation transitions to adulthood of young men and women in Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/357/.
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This research examines the trajectories that young men and women in Mexico experienced during their transition to adulthood in the 1980s and 1990s. The study, particularly, considers two groups of significant markers of adulthood: social transitions (leaving education, entry into the labour force, parental home leaving), and family formation transitions (first sex, first partnership, and first birth). The thesis investigates the ways that these transitions were experienced among Mexican youth: first, by establishing the main interactions between social transitions and family formation transitions to adulthood; and second, by providing evidence of the main trajectories followed by young men and women in their passage to adulthood from a life course perspective. Applying Event History techniques to retrospective data from the 2000 Mexican National Youth Survey, results show that young men and women experienced different patterns of trajectories in their transit to adulthood marked by a strong gender component. While young men showed a lag between the experience of social and family formation transitions characterized by work-oriented trajectories, young women often experienced almost simultaneous occurrence of social and family formation transitions leading to predominantly family-oriented trajectories to adulthood. Differences between urban and rural respondents were also found to be significant. Another conclusion of the study is that many young people found great difficulty in obtaining their first job after leaving education, leading to high unemployment. Despite the lack of employment opportunities for Mexican young people, family formation transitions were not substantially postponed until later ages unlike many developed nations. The findings also confirm the importance of education on the experience of transitions to adulthood. The study shows the need to restructure the Mexican educational system to enable young people to work and study simultaneously, without having to leave education immediately after entering the labour force. These findings highlight the need to strengthen and reinforce current education policies to stimulate labour force participation of young women.
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Lipton, Jonah. "Family business : work, neighbourhood life, coming of age, and death in the time of Ebola in Freetown, Sierra Leone." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3747/.
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In 2014 the Ebola virus entered Sierra Leone, soon to become the epicentre of a global health crisis. A state of emergency was declared, propped up by a large-scale and far-reaching humanitarian intervention; characterised by stringent bureaucratic and biomedical protocols, restrictions on social and economic life, and novel monetary flows. Based on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital, immediately before and during the state of emergency, the thesis presents an intimate account of the lives and social worlds of young men living in an urban neighbourhood. The thesis outlines the centrality of the domestic sphere – home, neighbourhood, and family – in young men’s projects of coming of age, as well as in surviving and brokering ‘crisis’ and foreign intervention. Rather than ‘crisis’ halting the processes of social reproduction, such processes became central means through which a conflict between ‘foreign’ and ‘local’ expectations – brought to the fore by external intervention – was reconciled and negotiated. The thesis demonstrates how a political economy of crisis maps onto core social tensions between independence and dependence that young men ambiguously negotiate around the home, and how resultant social practices and understandings connect to Freetown’s deeper and more recent histories of intervention, crisis, and entanglement with the Atlantic World.
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Newby, Andrew G. "The life and times of Edward McHugh (1853 - 1915), land reformer, trade unionist, and labour activist /." Lewiston, NY [u.a.] : Mellen, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy052/2004059452.html.
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Nguyen, Phuong An. "Between 'still society' and 'moving society' : life choices and value orientations of Hanoi University graduates in post-reform Vietnam." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13106.
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Bruno, Adriana. "The construction of an new accrual accounting system evidence from laboratory life: Campania region." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1775.
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2012 - 2013<br>In recent decades the dissemination and the adoption of New Public Management (NPM) ideas has been significant within the new public sector (Hood 1991, 1995). The New Public Management is a model that privileges “quantification”, often by adopting managerial instruments from the business sector. The main points of NPM could be summarized as a replication of private sector practices focus on quantification, especially in accounting (Olson , et al., 1998). One such key innovation is the adoption of accrual accounting from business enterprise. The debates about the adoption of accrual accounting and financial reporting techniques by the public sector have been widespread over the last decade. Accrual-based system are not necessarily consistent with Public entities. Many scholars have discussed the (in)appropriateness of accrual-based accounting systems, as an alternative to cash-based or obligation-based systems (Pollit & Bouckaert, 2004; Broadbent & Guthrie, 2008). Conversely, some note that cash-based accounting does not allow the government to obtain all necessary information regarding liabilities and potential benefits related to investments (Christensen & Parker, 2010). Thus, the study of accrual accounting by governments is challenging for researches.
In the literature on accrual accounting in the public sector, it is possible to distinguish at least two big opposite main streams, the first of these reflect questions as “why the adoption is desirable”. The study underlines the benefit and useful of information in terms of managerial effectiveness to move to accrual accounting (Hyndman & Connolly, 2011; Ryan, 1998); proponents of public sector reform depict bundles of techniques as politically neutral mechanisms for enhancing strategic decision making and for improved efficiency in evaluating performance and service costs (Guthrie, 1998). Most accrual accounting studies are ex-post studies; however, recently, the debate about accrual accounting has shifted recently onto implementation issue (Caccia & Steccolini, 2006; Lapsley & Wright, 2004; Broadbent & Guthrie, 2008). Thus, the second one ponders questions pertaining to the “complexity” in the translation of the accrual based methodologies adopted by private sector organizations into public sector agencies. This research is located in this stream.
A literature review on NPM reveals that accrual accounting is depicted as self-evident in New Public Management literature (Lapsley, et al., 2009 ). However is problematic its implementations. After several years of this reform the unresolved question is: what is accrual accounting means in practice for government? For the majority of cases, our current knowledge is based on ex post studies, that is why we focus on the emergence of a system to enrich our understanding of what accrual accounting means in practice for government. This research analyzes the initial stage of development of an accrual accounting system. The research site is Italy, a country where a process of reform is underway across the whole government (Legislative Decree n. 118/2011). This research focus on the specific context of regional government also offers distinctive evidence because it has been neglected by the extant national (Caperchione, 2008) and international (Broadbent and Guthrie, 2008; Jagalla et al., 2011) literature.
This research is largely informed by the social construction of science studies, whose most eminent scholar is Latour (Latour, 1979, 2013). Indeed, in science and technology studies there is a body of social studies that focuses on the creation of scientific facts and examines how the scientist interact to produce accepted technologies: the “social construction of technology” (SCOT). This research analyzes the initial stage of development of an accrual accounting system as the emergence of new technologies (Latour, 1987). Policy documents are the text by which government reform takes place. Adopting this framework, (policy as a blueprint) the analysis of relevant policy documents facilitates the capture of the meaning of accrual accounting and enhances understanding of how the process of reform takes place. Before analyzing the shaping of accrual accounting in the public sector, it is necessary to understand the meaning of accounting and to focus our attention on the analysis of two key elements behind a government process of reform: the first one is the policy documents by which the reform is disclosed; the second one is the networking of institutional actors behind the text and controversies between key institutional players, the policy makers.
In this research the social-constructionism approach is adopted. The study setting for this research is the regional level of government (Campania region) where a trial period is underway. This work
aims to participate in the debate on the effects of the decision to adopt accrual accounting in government, particularly in regional bodies. Campania is a region in the South of Italy where accrual accounting has not yet been implemented. Thus, the experimental introduction of accrual accounting in regional government offers an exceptional opportunity to study the manner by which such systems are enacted, constructed, fabricated (Preston, et al., 1992). The data for this study was collected in several ways: compiling and analyzing law and key policy documents, monitoring dedicated institutional websites. The discussions which took place through video- conversations in a region in the trial are analyzed.
The main result of this research is: the adoption of accrual accounting is seen as self-evident by NPM advocates (Lapsley, et al., 2009 ). However, the evidence collected to date reveals an absence of a well- defined template for the implementation of accrual accounting in government. In particular problematic aspects in some technical issues: the interpretation and fabrications related to the shaping of the standard; the identification of administrative phenomena on an accrual basis, the introduction of new procedures to carry out the process, adaption of the structure for managing new information flows. This study contributes to understand the complexity of apparently neutral tools involved in a Public Sector reform. This research reveals the emergence of an accrual accounting system that relates to technical, managerial, and political influence.
Accrual accounting implementation in central government has been studied in many countries with similar findings of difficulties in detecting effective systems in use. More recent studies of accrual accounting in Australia highlight the significant role of management consultants as interpreters of what accrual accounting is, or should be, the authors talked about a phantom image of accrual accounting” (Christensen and Parker, 2010). A recent study reveals that the reform in UK established accounting practice was reshaped by the adopters of accrual accounting, but the subsequent practices were still very different from private sector practice. The policy outcome is defined as “accounting mutations” (Lapsley, 2012). This work aims to participate in the debate on the effects of the decision to adopt accrual accounting in government, particularly in regional bodies. In the past, this perspective has been deployed in studies of accounting in action (Miller & O’Leary, 1990; Robson, 1992; Preston et al., 1992). [edited by author]<br>XII n.s.
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Karadakic, René. "Unemployment benefit generosity in a life-cycle model with endogenous job-serch effort." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352203.
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Unemployment in Austria has been considerably low in the past decades compared to other European countries. Nevertheless, recent increases in the past five years started a controversial discussion about the generous unemployment insurance system in place. The current government, therefore, argues to change the insurance system similar to the German HARTZ IV reform, although the effects on unemployment have proven to be ambiguous in Germany. I introduce a discrete time life-cycle model with endogenous job-search effort to inquire the potential effects of such a reform on long- and short-term unemployment, as well as individuals' job-search incentives. Individuals are ex-ante heterogeneous in their labour income possibilities and are subject to exogenous layoffs throughout their life. The model suggests that the proposed reform would reduce long-term unemployment substantially, however, to the cost of a larger amount of short-term unemployment spells and decreased overall welfare. Job-search effort over the whole life-cycle appears to increase, with the largest differences at the end of the life-cycle.
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Ivanova, Katya. "The life of norms : a critical assessment of the construction and diffusion of the race anti-discrimination norm." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3390/.
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This thesis examines the genesis and evolution of the anti-discrimination norm directed at race and ethnicity. The thesis seeks to answer: how is the antidiscrimination norm linked to race and ethnicity produced and diffused transnationally and how is it internalised in domestic institutions and government practices? The inquiry mainly assesses the constructivist model of the norm life cycle proposed by Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink. The model presents the development of international norms as a process that consists of three stages: emergence, cascading and domestic internalisation driven by three different sets of actors who employ different mechanisms to bring about normative change. The thesis investigates and ultimately challenges certain assumptions of the proposed model by examining the factors that account for the construction and domestic institutionalisation of the racial anti-discrimination norm in five contexts – the USA (First and Second Reconstruction periods, 1865-1877 and 1954-1975), the UK (1960s-1970s), the EU (1990s-2000s), the Czech Republic (1990s- present) and Hungary (1990s-present). It uses process tracing to re-consider and problematise the model’s claims about the primary agents that drive the production and the institutionalisation of the anti-discrimination norm in each of the five cases, their motives and the mechanisms they employ to facilitate normative change. The thesis disputes several of the main assumptions of Finnemore and Sikkink’s model. The findings demonstrate that national political elites are a key factor that determines the progress of the racial anti-discrimination norm in each stage of the norm life cycle model. They also problematise the ideational basis for the motives of norm entrepreneurs, which, in fact, consist of a complex mixture of ideational and instrumental considerations. The thesis further develops the stages of the norm life cycle model. It challenges the overall design of the model and its assumed linear progression of norm evolution.
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Wekesa, Eliud. "A new lease of life : sexual and reproductive behaviour among PLWHA in the ART era in Nairobi slums." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/466/.
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The availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is enabling people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) to reconsider their sexual and reproductive lives. The sexual and reproductive health (SRH) decisions that PLWHA make have implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Yet very little is known about SRH of PLWHA in subSaharan Africa, as studies as well as prevention strategies have historically neglected them and SRH matters are often not part of HIV/AIDS treatment and care services. This study looks at how HIV-positive men and women negotiate their sexual and reproductive lives and the barriers to the realisation of SRH needs in Nairobi slums. This study employs a mixed methods study design involving both quantitative (survey n=513) and qualitative (in-depth interviews n=41 and key informant interviews n=14). Respondents were systematically recruited from the community in two slums in Nairobi for quantitative interviews, a subset of which was followed on for in-depth interviewing. Quantitative analyses include univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling. Qualitative data were transcribed, and coded and thematically analysed. SRH outcomes of the study include sexual activity/inactivity, condom use, multiple sexual partnerships, fertility intentions, contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning. Quantitative and qualitative components of the entire study are integrated throughout both analysis and interpretation. The findings show that the SRH outcomes of PLWHA are somewhat different from the general population, but similar with other PLWHA in similar settings. Condom use at last sex is high although consistent use is an issue. PLWHA exhibit fertility desires and contraceptive behaviour that is more geared towards limiting fertility, but face barriers, and hence the high unmet need for contraception. The SRH outcomes are shaped by demographic (e.g. age, parity), socio-cultural (gender, societal norms)relationship (disclosure, intimacy, pleasure) and health factors (ART use, duration of HIV and side-effects and health concerns). Their SRH outcomes are reflective of their efforts for social approval. However, there is a conflict between social validation and moral pressures for HIV prevention presenting a dilemma to many about “proper” SRH behaviour in the ART era. There is need to include SRH counselling and services as part of the standard HIV treatment and care services for PLWHA.
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Gomes, Diego Braz Pereira. "Essays on health care reform, wealth inequality, and demography." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16498.
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Previous issue date: 2013-01-13<br>This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter uses a general equilibrium framework to simulate and compare the long run effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and of health care costs reduction policies on macroeconomic variables, government budget, and welfare of individuals. We found that all policies were able to reduce uninsured population, with the PPACA being more effective than cost reductions. The PPACA increased public deficit mainly due to the Medicaid expansion, forcing tax hikes. On the other hand, cost reductions alleviated the fiscal burden of public insurance, reducing public deficit and taxes. Regarding welfare effects, the PPACA as a whole and cost reductions are welfare improving. High welfare gains would be achieved if the U.S. medical costs followed the same trend of OECD countries. Besides, feasible cost reductions are more welfare improving than most of the PPACA components, proving to be a good alternative. The second chapter documents that life cycle general equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents have a very hard time reproducing the American wealth distribution. A common assumption made in this literature is that all young adults enter the economy with no initial assets. In this chapter, we relax this assumption – not supported by the data – and evaluate the ability of an otherwise standard life cycle model to account for the U.S. wealth inequality. The new feature of the model is that agents enter the economy with assets drawn from an initial distribution of assets. We found that heterogeneity with respect to initial wealth is key for this class of models to replicate the data. According to our results, American inequality can be explained almost entirely by the fact that some individuals are lucky enough to be born into wealth, while others are born with few or no assets. The third chapter documents that a common assumption adopted in life cycle general equilibrium models is that the population is stable at steady state, that is, its relative age distribution becomes constant over time. An open question is whether the demographic assumptions commonly adopted in these models in fact imply that the population becomes stable. In this chapter we prove the existence of a stable population in a demographic environment where both the age-specific mortality rates and the population growth rate are constant over time, the setup commonly adopted in life cycle general equilibrium models. Hence, the stability of the population do not need to be taken as assumption in these models.<br>Esta tese contém três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo usa um modelo de equilíbrio geral para simular e comparar os efeitos de longo prazo do Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) e de reduções de custos de saúde sobre variáveis macroeconômicas, orçamento do governo e bem-estar dos indivíduos. Nós encontramos que todas as políticas foram capazes de reduzir a população sem seguro, com o PPACA sendo mais eficaz do que reduções de custos. O PPACA aumentou o déficit público, principalmente devido à expansão do Medicaid, forçando aumento de impostos. Por outro lado, as reduções de custos aliviaram os encargos fiscais com seguro público, reduzindo o déficit público e impostos. Com relação aos efeitos de bem-estar, o PPACA como um todo e as reduções de custos melhoram o bem-estar dos indivíduos. Elevados ganhos de bem-estar seriam alcançados se os custos médicos norte-americanos seguissem a mesma tendência dos países da OCDE. Além disso, reduções de custos melhoram mais o bem-estar do que a maioria dos componentes do PPACA, provando ser uma boa alternativa. O segundo capítulo documenta que modelos de equilíbrio geral com ciclo de vida e agentes heterogêneos possuem muita dificuldade em reproduzir a distribuição de riqueza Americana. Uma hipótese comum feita nesta literatura é que todos os jovens adultos entram na economia sem ativos iniciais. Neste capítulo, nós relaxamos essa hipótese – não suportada pelos dados – e avaliamos a capacidade de um modelo de ciclo de vida padrão em explicar a desigualdade de riqueza dos EUA. A nova característica do modelo é que os agentes entram na economia com ativos sorteados de uma distribuição inicial de ativos. Nós encontramos que a heterogeneidade em relação à riqueza inicial é chave para esta classe de modelos replicar os dados. De acordo com nossos resultados, a desigualdade Americana pode ser explicada quase que inteiramente pelo fato de que alguns indivíduos têm sorte de nascer com riqueza, enquanto outros nascem com pouco ou nenhum ativo. O terceiro capítulo documenta que uma hipótese comum adotada em modelos de equilíbrio geral com ciclo de vida é de que a população é estável no estado estacionário, ou seja, sua distribuição relativa de idades se torna constante ao longo do tempo. Uma questão em aberto é se as hipóteses demográficas comumente adotadas nesses modelos de fato implicam que a população se torna estável. Neste capítulo nós provamos a existência de uma população estável em um ambiente demográfico onde tanto as taxas de mortalidade por idade e a taxa de crescimento da população são constantes ao longo do tempo, a configuração comumente adotada em modelos de equilíbrio geral com ciclo de vida. Portanto, a estabilidade da população não precisa ser tomada como hipótese nestes modelos.