Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reformage catalytique du méthane'
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Rakib, Abdelmajid. "Valorisation du méthane en hydrogène par reformage catalytique." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828240.
Full textLeroi, Pascaline. "Etude du reformage du méthane en gaz de synthèse sur catalyseurs à base de carbure de silicium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13080.
Full textThe work which was carried out for this PhD thesis was based on the use of nickel supported on silicon carbide (SiC) catalysts for methane steam reforming (SR) and methane partial oxidation (POx). Concerning the SR process, the effect of several reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, oxidizing/reducing agent) and that of the parameters which are specific to catalysts were optimized. The post-catalytic characterizations showed that the catalysts present an increased resistance towards coke deactivation and almost no deactivation has been observed as a function of time on stream. Regarding the POx process, comparison tests demonstrated the advantage of SiC, a conductive material, over alumina, which is an insulating material. At the start of the reaction, the conversion of methane observed on alumina-based catalyst largely exceeds the thermodynamic value which means that temperature runaway has occured in the catalyst bed. This is not the case with SiC catalysts due to its high thermal conductivity which allows the rapid heat evacuation from the catalyst bed. The hot spot formation significantly alters the alumina-based catalyst morphology whereas the morphology of the SiC-based catalyst was completely retained. Post-reaction characterizations showed a great difference not only in the nature but also in the amount of carbon formed on both supports, i. E. Filamentous carbon on the alumina-based catalyst and amorphous carbon on the SiC-based catalyst
Barros, Braulio Silva. "Vaporeformage et reformage à sec du méthane sur les précurseurs catalytiques LaNiO3/α-Al2O3 et La2NiO4/α-Al2O3 préparé par combustion assistée par microondes." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6028.
Full textNickel catalysts have been used in steam or dry reforming of methane to obtain syngas. Usually, high conversion levels are obtained by these catalysts; however, the deactivation by carbon deposition is still a problem to be solved. Several approaches have been used to minimize this problem, outstanding in the last years the use of oxides with perovskite-type structures and/or related structures. The catalytic precursors LaNiO3/-Al2O3 and La2NiO4/-Al2O3 were prepared by microwaves-assisted self-combustion using urea or glycine as fuel. Additionally, the same systems were prepared using nitrates impregnation and Sol-gel method. Obtained powders were characterized before and after catalytic tests by XRD, BET, TPO, TPR, SEM and TEM. The catalytic precursors prepared by self-combustion with glycine presented conversion results in agreement with the thermodynamic data for both reforming reactions. In the other side, the prepared catalysts with urea and by impregnation showed high conversion levels in lower temperatures, indicating the occurrence of the reaction of methane cracking. The accomplished analyses by Temperature-programmed oxidation profiles and transmission electronic microscopy confirmed in these catalysts the formation of carbon nanotubos. Deposits of carbon were not detected in the prepared samples with glycine. X-ray diffraction of the tested catalysts suggests that the partial of the oxides La-Ni is responsible for the good aging and resistance to the carbon deposition. The partial reduction promotes the control of the size and a better dispersion of the metallic nickel particles
Catalisadores a base de níquel suportado em óxidos não-redutíveis, como alumina, têm sido amplamente empregados nas reações de reforma a vapor ou a seco (CO2) do metano para obtenção de H2 ou gás de síntese (H2 + CO). Normalmente, altos níveis de conversão são obtidos por estes catalisadores, entretanto, a desativação por deposição de carbono ainda é um problema a ser solucionado. Diversas abordagens têm sido empregadas no intuito de minimizar este problema, dentre as quais tem se destacado nos últimos anos a utilização de óxidos com estrutura perovskita e/ou estruturas relacionadas. Paralelamente,o uso de metodologias de síntese mais rápidas, fáceis, aplicáveis em escala industrial e que permitam o controle das características microestruturais destes catalisadores, pode em conjunto, prover a solução para este problema. Os precursores catalíticos LaNiO3/-Al2O3 e La2NiO4/-Al2O3 foram preparados pelo método de autocombustão assistida por microondas usando uréia ou glicina como combustível. Adicionalmente, os mesmos sistemas foram preparados pelos métodos de impregnação úmida de nitratos e sol-gel para efeito de comparação. As amostras preparadas foram testadas nas reformas a seco e a vapor do metano, sendo avaliados os respectivos níveis de conversão, rendimento e/ou seletividade, como também a resistência à deposição de carbono, durante o tempo sob fluxo de reagentes na temperatura de reação. As amostras foram calcinadas a 800 oC (LaNiO3/-Al2O3) e 1000 oC (La2NiO4/-Al2O3), para obtenção das fases desejadas. Os pós-obtidos foram caracterizados antes e após os testes catalíticos por difração de raios-X, medidas de área superficial especifica, oxidação e redução à temperatura programada, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. A cristalização da fase LaNiO3 foi confirmada em todas as amostras de composição LaNiO3/ - Al2O3, calcinadas a 800 oC. Para as amostras de composição La2NiO4/ - Al2O3 a fase La2NiO4 foi obtida por autocombustão com glicina sem calcinação posterior. Para todos os outros casos a calcinação a 1000 oC foi necessária. Os perfis de redução à temperatura programada das amostras preparadas por combustão com glicina apresentaram picos de redução a elevada temperatura (900 oC), sugerindo a dissolução do alumínio sobre os óxidos redutíveis contendo níquel. O mesmo foi observado em menor proporção para as amostras preparadas por combustão com uréia e sol-gel. Os precursores preparados por autocombustão com glicina apresentaram resultados de conversão em acordo com a termodinâmica de ambas as reações de reforma. Por outro lado, os catalisadores preparados com uréia e por impregnação mostraram altos níveis de conversão em temperaturas mais baixas (> 90 % a partir de 600 oC), indicando a ocorrência da reação de quebra do metano (CH4 ® C + 2H2). Por sua vez, as analises realizadas por oxidação a temperatura programada e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, confirmaram a formação de depósitos carbonáceos em significativa quantidade e na forma de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas. Depósitos de carbono não foram detectados nas amostras preparadas com glicina. Analises de DRX dos catalisadores testados sugerem que a redução parcial e não total dos óxidos La-Ni é responsável pelo bom desempenho e resistência à deposição de carbono. A redução parcial, neste caso relacionada a metodologia de preparação, promove o controle do tamanho e uma melhor dispersão das partículas de níquel metálico, além de permitir uma interação mais forte entre a espécie ativa e a superfície do suporte que contém átomos de níquel
Kroll, Vincent. "Reformage du méthane en gaz de synthèse par le dioxyde de carbone : développement de catalyseurs, mécanisme et cinétique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10230.
Full textGaillard, Marine. "Reformage à sec du méthane à l’aide de catalyseurs à base de molybdène : vers la valorisation catalytique du biogaz." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10163/document.
Full textIn the worldwide current energy situation, new pathways for renewable energy production are developed. In Europe, methanisation is an alternate way widely implemented since it produces biogas that contains CH4 and CO2. The reforming of this biogas could lead to the consumption of the two main greenhouse gases for the production of syngas (H2, CO), which could be industrially attractive for the Fischer-Tropsch process, eventually setting up a promising waste-to-liquids technology. Yet, the main hurdle regarding this reaction is the presence of sulfur in the biogas which poisons the catalysts.Thus, a set of molybdenum-based catalysts has been synthesized and tested for the dry reforming of methane. The influence of several parameters has been evaluated, such as (i) molybdenum loading, (ii) the addition of promoters (Ni, Co, CeO2 and MgO) or (iii) the use of different supports (Al2O3, ZrO2, Carbone, SiO2, MgO). The catalysts have been analyzed via several characterization techniques to establish structure/activity relationships, identify the main deactivation phenomena and conclude on the most stable and active composition in presence of H2S during the catalytic runs
Tanios, Carole. "Caractérisation, évaluation de la toxicité du biogaz issu de déchets ménagers et valorisation par reformage catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0474/document.
Full textThis work studies the energy recovery of the fermentable fraction of waste. Indeed, organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen and simultaneously produces biogas. One of the emerging technologies is to upgrade CH₄ and CO₂, the two major components of biogas. This is the dry reforming of methane (CH₄ + CO₂ → 2 CO + 2 H₂) (DRM), which is particularly interesting, since it makes possible to produce a synthesis gas with a H₂/CO ratio close to 1, advantageous for several industrial applications, and to get rid of two greenhouse gases. However, due to its endothermic nature, the dry reforming of methane requires the use of a catalyst, to avoid operating at very high temperatures in order to obtain sufficient conversions. Moreover, the dry reforming of methane is accompanied by secondary reactions, some of which lead to the formation of carbon. In this context, efforts have been focused on the development of catalytic systems with good activity and good resistance against carbon deposition. In this work, real biogas samples were analyzed at two biomethanation centers, one in France and the other in Lebanon. Thus, knowing the identity and the quantity of the various compounds, a study of their effect on the efficiency of the catalyst is done. Our results show that the real biogas is composed, besides the major components, CH₄ and CO₂, of NH₃, H₂S, some terpenes ans some VOCs. In addition, mixed oxides of Co, Ni, Mg and Al were prepared using the hydrotalcite route, in order to obtain interesting catalytic properties. The prepared systems were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and tested in the dry reforming of methane. The Co-Ni based system seems to be the best system joining the high activity of nickel with the high resistance of cobalt towards carbon deposition. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of some impurities that exist in biogas quch as volatile organic compounds (toluene) is also a part of this work. Finally, the toxicity of biogas collected from biomethanation centers was evaluated. Human lung cell cultures (BEAS-2B) were thus exposed at the air / liquid interface using the Vitrocell® system. After exposure of the cells, a set of toxicity markers is determined. In this study, the impact of biogas on human health will be evaluated
Wei, Yaqian. "Production d'hydrogène à basse température par reformage à sec et reformage oxydant du méthane sur divers catalyseurs à base de nickel." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0033/document.
Full textIn order to develop a sustainable hydrogen economy, it is desirable to produce hydrogen from biogas (CH4 and CO2) or greenhouses gases (GHG). Dry reforming (DRM) and oxidative dry reforming of methane (ODRM) are promising routes to produce H2 and CO from GHG and have received much attention due environment concerns. Herein, these reactions were studied at low temperatures (600 -700 °C) over CeNiX(AlZ)OY, NiXMg2AlOY mixed oxides and Ni/SBA-15 supported catalysts. Various physico-chemical techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts, such as XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and Raman. The influences of different parameters were examined, such as reaction temperature, pretreatment in H2, Ni content, mass of catalyst and reactants concentration, in particular, at 600°C in harsh conditions (feed gases without dilution) on low mass of catalyst (10 mg). The best catalytic activity and selectivity are obtained on partially reduced catalysts at appropriate temperature. The addition of O2 increases CH4 conversion but decreases CO2 conversion, and O2/CH4 = 0.3 could be the optimized condition due to high activity, selectivity and low carbon formation. Finally, an active site involving Ni species in close interactions with other cations is proposed. It is related to a partially reduced catalyst involving anionic vacancies, O2- species, and cations, which is formed during the in situ H2 treatment or CH4 flow
Mrad, Mary. "La production d'hydrogène via la valorisation de la biomasse par reformage catalytique du méthanol." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0409.
Full textIn order to study the hydrogen production via the catalytic steam reforming of methanol and to determine the influence of different parameter on this reaction, the performance of the Cu-Zn/CeO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts was evaluated. The impregnation of copper over ceria or alumina has shown better catalytic performance than the impregnation of the zinc on the same supports. In the presence of ceria, the catalytic activity has been related to the dispersion of isolated Cu²⁺ species in interaction with the matrix, which were reduced during the pre-treatment phase of the catalyst. In the presence of alumina, stable and unreduced CuAl₂O₄ spinal species were formed, leading to a lower catalytic activity. Concerning the copper based catalysts impregnated on 10Ce10Al mixed oxide, the presence of alumina has promoted the dispersion of the ceria that enhances the oxygen exchange between the active phase and the support without influencing the active phase. The agglomerated CuO species formed in the catalysts with the high copper content have contributed to lower the by-product formation during the reaction. The promoter effect of the zinc was revealed by the stabilisation of the reduced copper into Cu⁺ species that are the most active species in the steam reforming of methanol reaction. No coke formation was revealed on the copper based catalysts, unlike the zinc based catalysts where carbon species were identified. The catalytic deactivation with time on stream was attributed to the formation of those species that blocks the accessibility of the catalytic active sites
Guerrero, Jesús. "Valorisation du méthane par reformage sec en régimes stationnaire et non-stationnaire sur catalyseurs à base de nickel : mise en œuvre d'un réacteur à alimentation périodique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10162/document.
Full textNowadays the society is concerned about the greenhouse effect, and the necessity to find alternative procedures and more sustainable and durable processes to obtain the products made from petroleum. The valorization of CH4 with CO2 (dry reforming) brings the advantage of consuming gases which contribute strongly to the greenhouse effect. This reaction produces H2 and CO, which jointly or separately, are the raw materials for different processes producing energy and chemicals.Ni-Ce-O and Ni-Mg-Al-O based catalysts were successfully prepared. The influence of different parameters was studied, such as the Ni loading and the reaction temperature (600°C-800°C). The main difficulties are the formation of coke leading to rapid catalyst deactivation due to the high operating temperatures and the simultaneous presence of CO2 (reactant) and hydrogen (product) which leads, by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS), to a loss in selectivity. A process which can avoid this kind of problematics consists in exposing alternately each of the reactants. Initially the solid acts as oxygen carrier reacting with methane to form carbon monoxide (1 mole) and hydrogen (2 moles). As the solid is regenerated at each cycle, the deactivation by carbon deposition is avoided. The activity and selectivity of the solid is provided by the presence of a reducible oxide (CeO2) and a metal (Ni, Co), which cannot be reoxidized under the experimental conditions ensuring the activation of methane. Different physicochemical characterizations were performed on catalysts to find correlations between the catalytic activity and properties of the solids
Li, Tong. "Etude de catalyseurs à base de carbure de molybdène pour le reformage à sec du méthane et la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10213/document.
Full textMolybdenum carbide catalysts have been studied in dry methane reforming (DMR) and in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). For the DMR reaction, For the DMR, different contents of Ni promoted Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated. The results indicated nickel increased the activity and stability of Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts. The addition of nickel promoted the re-carburization of Mo species from oxycarbide to carbides species and led to the rapid increase of activity during reaction. The different preparation methods also had a significant influence on the nickel promoted Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts. For FTS, different supports and different promoters have been investigated for the Mo2C based catalysts. The results suggested that alumina supported catalyst exhibited higher light olefins selectivity. Increasing the potassium contents lead to a decreased in t CO hydrogenation activities and also inhibited the water gas shift reaction. However, it obviously increased the olefins selectivity and carbon chain growth properties. At last, DMR under pressure and FTS in the presence of CH4 or CO2 were investigated. The results showed that an increase in pressure led to high carbon deposition over the catalyst surface and the addition of CH4 and CO2 in the syngas decreased the CO hydrogenation activity and affect the products distribution
Vitidsant, Tharapong. "Reformatage catalytique du méthane à la vapeur en lit fluidisé : étude cinétique et modélisation du réacteur." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT039G.
Full textBassil, Siréna. "Procédé propre de production de chaleur et d'électricité à partir d'un biogaz produit à l'échelle domestique : exemples de matériaux catalytiques de reformage du méthane." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10055.
Full textThe catalytic reforming of methane into hydrogen, for direct operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) on methane, was studied on anode materials such as NiO/CeO2, NiO-Y2O3-ZrO2 and La0.8Sr0.2TiO3+δ. The first group of catalysts was synthesized by two methods: the impregnation technique both in aqueous and organic media (commercial and laboratory made CeO2 and Y2O3-ZrO2), and also using sol-gel process. Lanthanumtitanium oxide host structure doped with strontium was prepared both by co-precipitation and sol-gel process. The method of preparation has an important effect on the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized catalysts and affects consequently both their catalytic performances in methane reforming and their resistance to poisoning by carbon deposition. In order to limit carbon formation on the catalytic surface and to increase the lifetime of catalysts during the catalytic reforming of methane, ceria supported nickel based-catalysts were doped with magnesium oxide (forming MgO-NiO solid solution) as well as with lanthanum oxide (La2O3-NiO). The obtained results show that the effect of promotion of NiO active phase by MgO and La2O3 decreases carbon deposition but also the catalytic performances. Physico-chemical properties and catalytic performances of NiO-Y2O3-ZrO2 (Ni-YSZ) prepared by the sol-gel process were compared with those of commercial (Aldrich and Jülich) materials having the same composition. The experimental results showed that materials synthesized by the sol gel method are more active in methane steam reforming than commercial catalysts while sol gel and commercial samples show similar performances in methane dry reforming. Amounts of graphitic carbon, although being higher for sol gel samples compared to commercial ones, remain low (< 2%). This carbon deposit provokes only a slight decrease of catalytic performances of sol gel prepared materials in methane dry reforming, probably by decreasing the number of active sites
Baudouin, David. "Design, préparation et caractérisation de catalyseurs pour le reformage du méthane par le dioxyde de carbone à basse température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10234.
Full textLow temperature dry reforming (LT-DR), < 600 °C, coupled with membrane technology to overcome thermodynamically low conversion, has drawn attention as an alternative approach to industrial 850-950°C operating conditions. The aim of this work has then been to design and develop nickel-based catalysts that are active and stable under LT-DR. In that context, we developed methods to prepare well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles on silica and to modify silica support, addressing detailed characterization at each step with various techniques (H2 & CO2 chemisorption, TPX, TEM, XRD, EXAFS, IR and NMR spectroscopy). We studied the effect of particle size, preparation methods (organometallic, colloidal… approaches), metal dopants and poisons for the support and the nanoparticles on the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst in LT-DR. Overall, we showed that supported Ni particles are indeed good candidate in LT-DR by comparison with noble metals, which are the reference catalysts for the corresponding High-Temperature DR. In particular, small Ni particles supported on lanthanum doped silica surface provided the best performances, while the use of pure lanthanide oxide or mixed oxide supports led to limited activity in Low-temperature DR. Finally, using a colloidal approach to synthesize Ni nanoparticles has proven to be very efficient and versatile, allowing one to deposit nickel particles with remarkable properties on any supports
Périllat-Merceroz, Cédric. "Titanates de structures pérovskite et dérivées : influence des éléments constitutifs et de la dimensionnalité sur les propriétés d’anode SOFC." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10130/document.
Full textSOFC anode materials working under methane have to display excellent catalytic properties for fuel oxidation without coke formation. The influence of the structure dimensionnality on catalytic and electrochemical properties was studied. After synthesis of the materials by a Pechini-type method and structural characterization by means of X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction, the catalytic activation of samples toward methane steam reforming was pursued in slightly humidified methane (CH4:H2O=10:1). Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out in temperature and at low oxygen partial pressure. Then, the electrochemical response of these materials was evaluated by impedance spectroscopy using symmetrical and complete cell under humidified H2, under or without a current bias. Among all tested compounds, the best candidate is the x=0.80-member of the LaxSr1-xTiO3+d family, which displays a lamellar structure exhibiting long range ordered over-stoichiometric oxygen. Low electrical performance when compared to 3D compounds (about 10-2 S.cm-1 at 1073K in Ar/H2(2%)), is compensated by very high catalytic and electrochemical activity
Saab, Elias. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques des systèmes oxydes de Ce, Al et Mn dans l'oxydation totale des particules carbonées et le vaporeformage du méthanol." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0180.
Full textThe carbonaceous particles are one of the sources of the air pollution. Their collection is done by particulate filters followed by their elimination by catalytic or thermal ways. Another possibility for the reduction of the air pollution will be to change towards sources of clean energy to replace fossil energies. To this end, catalysts containing cerium, aluminum and manganese were studied in the combustion of the carbon black like in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol in order to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. Concerning the combustion of the carbon black, two types of contacts between the carbon particles and the catalyst were studied. The weak contact and the strong contact. The carbon black is characterized by the presence of intrinsic paramagnetic centres which are sensitive to oxygen in air. The formation of new species ascribable to localised paramagnetic spins with the interface of catalyst-NC, is highlighted following the strong contact between the two solids. Under these conditions, the ceria and contrary to alumina, is powerful in the reaction of combustion of the carbon black. Catalysts xMn/Ce and xMn/Al (x can change from 10-4 to 1) were prepared and activated at 600°C. The manganese addition improves the catalytic reactivity of these solids in the combustion of carbon black. The increase in the manganese content returns the oxidation of the possible carbon black at temperatures close to those obtained in a muffler. The catalysts present primarily the Mn2O3 phase at their surface with more marked presence of Mn(II) species in the case of alumina compared to the ceria. The setting in contact of the carbon black with the manganese deposited on the ceria causes the reduction of the manganese species and contributes to the reactivity of these solids. The low reactivity of the Mn/Al catalysts was explained by the strong stability of the manganese species being on alumina. All these catalysts are completely selective for the formation of CO2. The catalytic performances of these solids used in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol for the production of the hydrogen gas, remain below those obtained for transition metal oxide bases catalysts (Cr, Co, Ni, Mo,. . . ) considered as the current state of art in this field. Nevertheless, catalysts containing copper impregnated on a binary system ceria-alumina, show themselves very powerful and promising for the production of H2 supplying the fuel cells
Cesário, Moisés Rômolos. "Vaporeformage catalytique du méthane : amélioration de la production et de la sélectivité en hydrogène par absorption in situ du CO2 produit." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999401.
Full textCroissant, Baptiste. "Intensification du procédé de vaporeformage du gaz naturel : fonctionnalisation catalytique d'échangeurs-réacteurs." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0115.
Full textThe Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) process is still today the most profitable industrial synthesis process of hydrogen. The efficiency of this technique is however facing intrinsically technical limitations due to the design of production units. In order to intensify the global process, exchangers-reactors are under investigation at AIR LIQUIDE. Thanks to recent progresses in metallic additive manufacturing, new compact equipment can be designed. Structures made of millimetric channels allow optimizing heat and mass transfers. New catalyst architecture design needs to be developed to reach high conversion rates despite extreme low contact times in such devices. Stable and highly active rhodium-based catalysts supported on spinel MgAl2O4 have been prepared in this aim. The impact of rhodium loading, properties of supports, as well as thermal treatments have allowed us understanding active phase and support interactions. Catalyst properties under SMR conditions have been linked to active phase morphologies. Functionalization of exchangers-reactors channels through a dip-coating technique has been detailed in this thesis. The formulations of suspensions of washcoat have been optimized thanks to rheological behavior characterizations to achieve very low viscosities. A procedure to deposit homogeneous coatings with controlled thicknesses on the internal channels has been validated on a pilot structure. These new intensified exchangers-reactors have been successfully tested for methane conversion during several hundred of hours
Karam, Leila. "New routes of preparation of active and stable mesoporous Ni-alumina based catalysts for methane dry reforming and CO2 methanation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS163.pdf.
Full textDry reforming of methane (DRM) is a process that converts CH4 and CO2 gases into syngas, a gaseous mixture of H2 and CO. Ni based catalysts proved to be suitable for the reaction due to their good activity, wider availability and lower cost than noble-based materials. However, these catalysts are not stable due to Ni sintering and coke deposition. In this thesis we developed two different synthesis routes of mesoporous Ni-Al2O3 based catalysts that can occlude Ni inside the pores achieving high activity and stability in DRM. A set of complimentary physicochemical techniques was systematically applied to thoroughly investigate the materials properties at all steps of preparation and activation. The first approach embraces synthesis of mesoporous Ni-Mg-Al2O3 materials by one-pot EISA strategy. Results demonstrate that 15 wt% Mg (optimum loading) based sample contribute to high and homogenous dispersion of both Ni and Mg, preserving ordered mesoporous Al2O3 walls. The good structural and textural characteristics in addition to the enhanced basicity reinforce activity and stability. The second method involves synthesizing new mesoporous Ni-Al2O3 materials using metal-organic framework as sacrificial template. This procedure results in small Ni nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed and stabilized within the high surface area support resisting sintering and inhibiting carbon nanotubes formation during reforming reaction. Based on catalytic tests completed by thermodynamics calculations, the synthesized materials proved to be eficient not only for dry reforming of methane, but also for CO2 methanation reaction and dry reforming of waste pyrolysis products
Mbodji, Mamadou. "Conception et dimensionnement de réacteurs-échangeurs microstructurés pour la production de gaz de synthèse par vaporeformage du méthane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0256/document.
Full textSteam Methane Reforming (SMR) of natural gas is characterized by generation of an excess of steam and their low thermal efficiency resulting in a very large device with important heat losses. One of the possible keys to make this process more profitable is to optimize heat transfer by changing the reactor design. A microstructured heat exchanger reactor has been retained. It enables to have fast heat and mass transfers and therefore allow increasing catalytic activity. However, this change in production technology must be accompanied by the development of highly active catalysts (MgAl2O4) that enable to reach high methane conversion (80%, 20 bar, 850°C) at low residence time (150 ms). The concept feasibility and catalysts performance have been validated on one channel in industrial process conditions. Then, a detailed model for acquisition of reaction kinetics has been developed and validated from experimental catalytic tests. For heat exchanger reactor design, two modeling approaches have been developed: by considering that the catalyst is highly active and enables to reach instantaneous equilibrium conversion on the coated catalytic walls of the reactor and by tacking the measured kinetics. Simulation of these models by considering technical constraints on the design enabled to find channel characteristic dimensions, heat power needed and the optimum number of channel which determine the heat exchanger reactor volume. Two fast methods for preliminary design of heat-exchanger reactors have been developed. By using heat exchanger reactor, it is possible to suppress steam excess generation and to reduce syngas production cost
Swirk, Katarzyna. "Design of new catalysts for chemical CO2 utilization." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS367.
Full textReforming of methane, belonging to the Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies, is considered an attractive route for syngas production. Double-layered hydroxides (DLHs) with Ni, Al2O3, MgO components were reported to have promising properties. Promotion with yttrium, zirconium or cerium also positively influence the catalytic performance. Thus, the goal of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the catalytic behavior of Ni/Mg/Al DLHs promoted with Y, and Zr or Ce in dry reforming of methane (DRM), partial oxidation of methane (POM), partial oxidation combined with methane reforming (CRPOM), and tri-reforming of methane (TRM). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, N2 sorption, TPR-H2, TPD-CO2, H2 chemisorption, TEM, HRTEM, TGA and Raman spectroscopy and tested in TPSR from 600 to 850°C, and at 700°C for 5h. In DRM, the Y promotion increased Ni dispersion and SBET, especially with 2 wt.%. Zr and Y co-impregnation resulted in the YSZ phase formation leading to better stability. The Zr and Y introduction during co-precipitation step increased the Ni dispersion and the total basicity, similarly as for Ce and Y promoted materials. In the oxidative reforming, HTNi and HTNi-Y2.0 were tested. In POM, both were active and stable with H2/CO≈2.0. CRPOM tests showed higher CH4 conversion, but lower for CO2 as compared to DRM. Addition of O2 in the gas feed greatly contributed to the C removal. The carbon formation was inhibited when CO2/H2O=1 during TRM tests. However, with CO2/H2O=0.5, a high amount of C was formed, and the structural stability of Y-catalyst was negatively influenced as periclase was transformed into hydroxides
Liu, Hongrui. "CO2 Chemical Utilization through Dry Reforming of Methane : Development of Non-Noble Metals Catalysts Supported on Natural and Synthetic Clays." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS480.
Full textThe development strategy of “growth-at-any-cost” has not been applied to the current development with the increased attention of various countries to environmental issues. But the dependence on fossil fuels such as petroleum will be still high in a short period of time based on the consideration of economic and social development. Thus, the focus on the production of hydrogen, syngas or other products using CO2 and/or CH4 that has attracted more attention in chemical products is the process of dry reforming of methane. Thus, this research focuses on proposing new supports loaded with different promoters to enhance the catalytic selectivity and stability of nickel-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane, and analyze the catalytic performance of prepared catalysts by associating temperature effects with multiple characterizations such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, and CO2-temperature programmed desorption. First, different promoters with nickel are impregnated on natural clay or Fe/Cu-modified clay from Tunisia. Second, the synthetic clay derived catalysts are prepared by co-precipitation method to research the influences of structure on the DRM. In the end, the catalysts having the same composition as excellent Ni-hydrotalcite derived catalysts are further synthesized by ball milling to compare the effect of rotational speed and preparation
Caudal, Jean. "Simulation numérique du reformage autothermique du méthane." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862538.
Full textRêgo, de Vasconcelos Bruna. "Phosphates-based catalysts for synthetic gas (syngas) production using CO2 and CH4." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0004/document.
Full textAmong the products resulting from biomass or organic waste transformation, CO2 and CH4 are important chemical intermediates. They also have a strong environmental impact since they are primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect and their mitigation is a key issue. An attractive way of valorization of such gases is the dry reforming of methane (DRM), which converts CO2 and CH4 into syngas (mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). This mixture can be used for several applications, such as the production of methanol, dimethyl ether, hydrogen and liquid hydrocarbons. Despite such interest, the exploitation of DRM on industrial scale has not emerged yet. The main reason is the rapid deactivation of the catalysts due to the severe operating conditions of the process (high temperature, carbon deposition). This thesis focuses on the development of new catalysts based on calcium phosphate (CaP) doped with transition metals for the valorization of CO2 and CH4 through DRM. Actually,CaP has advantageous properties in heterogeneous catalysis, as the simultaneous presence of acid and basic sites, good thermal stability, and wide range of surface area... Initially, a study on the catalyst synthesis methods and an investigation of the performance of different transition metals (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni) were carried out in order to select the catalyst system and the preparation method. Secondly, a fixed-bed reactor capable of operating at high temperature and pressure and for log time on stream was built and implemented during this work in order to properly evaluate the performance of the preparedcatalysts. Then, a detailed parametric study was conducted. The influence of parameters such as catalyst pre-treatment, temperature (T = 400-700°C) and pressure (P = 1-25bar) of the reaction and support (hydroxyapatite, alumina-based supports) were investigated. Finally, the catalytic stability was studied for 300h of time on stream (TOS). The CaP catalysts showing higher yields on syngas were compared to commercial catalysts. Our catalysts showed to be competitive in the same operating conditions (T = 700°C, P = 1bar, WHSV = 12272mLh-1gcat-1,TOS = 300h). This work shows the interest of CaP catalysts for high temperature process, such as dry reforming of methane
Ambroise, Emmanuelle. "Production embarquée d’hydrogène par reformage catalytique des hydrocarbures." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/AMBROISE_Emmanuelle_2010.pdf.
Full textIsooctane reforming under conditions which are set by exhaust gas can be performed on to generate hydrogen onboard. Isooctane reforming thermodynamic simulations have proven the possibility to produce a 10-15 % H2 effluent, according to internal combustion engine conditions. Based upon these conditions, reactivity tests on reforming of isooctane have been performed with bimetallic catalysts Co-noble metal/ceria-zirconia. Variable activity of noble metals doped catalysts, depending on the nature of the noble metal (Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt), its loading, and affected by the activation process, is discussed, as the ceria/zirconia ratio and praseodymium doping on catalytic activity and stability. Cobalt speciation has been studied by various characterization techniques, allowing to define an optimal content of inserted cobalt in the mixed oxide structure, enhancing redox properties of the catalyst. The most efficient catalyst for hydrogen production was evaluated in various reactions occurring during isooctane reforming (dry reforming, partial oxidation, steam reforming), allowing to propose a reaction mechanism. The support (a ceria-zirconia based mixed oxide) with acidic and redox properties acts to break isooctane molecule into isobutene through dehydrogenating cracking (acid site) and activate water (vacancy, redox site). The noble metal performs isobutene reforming. The strong metal-support interaction provides a good lifetime to the catalytic system
Rijo, Gomes Sérgio. "Production d'hydrogène par reformage dans la boucle EGR." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Rijo-Gomes-Sergio/2010-Rijo-Gomes-Sergio-These.pdf.
Full textThis research work is devoted to the study of catalytic reforming of exhaust gas recirculation (REGR) for gasoline engines. The aim of this technology is to improve fuel economy and to reduce pollutant emissions, keeping practically the same engine. A lot of catalysts, containing 1wt% of Rh, supported on alumina doped by ceria, Al(Cex) and/or baryum, AlBa(Cex) or on zirconia doped by rare earth oxides ZLNY(Cex), were characterized and evaluated in REGR conditions for high (580°C) and l ow (450°C) temperatures. The Rh(1wt%)/ZLNY(Cex) catalysts present the best activity and/or stability, the Rh(1wt%)/ZLNY catalyst being the most selective for hydrogen production. From the best catalytic formulation, two fundamental studies were carried out in REGR conditions in order to understand the role of the co-reactants and the surface species on the catalyst performance and deactivation, and to determine the reaction scheme for the main reactions (steam reforming, dry reforming and methane formation)
Gueritey, Nicolas. "Valorisation chimique du méthane par oxydation catalytique sélective." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL034N.
Full textCochegrue, Hélène. "Modélisation cinétique du reformage catalytique sur catalyseur Pt-Sn/Al2O3." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2262.
Full textCarnevillier, Christelle. "Modification de catalyseurs de reformage platine-iridium/alumine par ajout d'étain introduit par réaction d'oxydo-réduction de surface." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2307.
Full textRival, Olivier. "Aromatisation du méthane dans un réacteur catalytique à membrane." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ55879.pdf.
Full textBozo, Christine. "Matériaux catalytiques thermostables supports pour la combustion catalytique du méthane." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10043.
Full textAlvarenga, Marinho Andre Luiz. "Development of catalytic process for biogas upgrading : study of structure and oxygen mobility on Ni and Pt nanoparticles encapsulated catalysts." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2272.
Full textDry reforming of methane (DRM) is a catalytic process able to convert the biogas generated from biomass degradation into syngas, which has many industrial applications. However, coke formation and metal sintering are the main drawbacks to upgrade this technology to an industrial scale. This work evaluates the effect of Ni encapsulation in two different structures: embedded nanoparticles and distributed nanoparticles over mesoporous support. Results showed that Ni embedded in ceria improved the resistance to sintering along the reduction at high temperature (800 °C) and led to a higher metal-support interaction compared to impregnated catalyst. Doping ceria with Zr inhibited the growth of CeO2 and Ni clusters in embedded catalysts and increased the oxygen mobility as revealed by oxygen isotopic exchange experiments. The doping with Gd and Sm did not enhance thermal stability on the material and the sintering is still observed. The nature of metal exchanging Ni by Pt did not affect the promotional effects of encapsulation in embedded structures. Ni-based mesoporous mixed CeO2-Al2O3 oxide catalysts prepared by one pot Evaporation Induced Self Assembly (EISA) presented small metallic Ni particles (< 5 nm). Different behavior occurs with CeO2-Al2O3 oxide prepared by EISA method when Ni is post-impregnated because of the presence of isolated larger Ni particles which promotes the decomposition of CH4. Finally carbon deposits were not detected over embedded Ni@CeZrO2 after 24 h of reaction and meosoporous 10Ni- CeO2-Al2O3 after 72 h of reaction and, therefore, these catalysts presented promising results in this work for biogas upgrading process by dry reforming of methane reaction
Vernoux, Philippe. "Reformage interne progressif du méthane dans les piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0155.
Full textVargas, Saenz Julio Cesar. "Vaporéformage du bioethanol en hydrogène sur catalyseurs oxydes mixtes Ce-Zr-Co." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13218.
Full textFleys, Matthieu. "Conversion catalytique du méthane en gaz de synthèse par oxydation partielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_FLEYS_M.pdf.
Full textMethane is the main component of natural gas. It can be transformed into synthesis gas (H2+CO) by the partial oxidation reaction (POM). The main goal of this work is to understand the kinetic mechanism of the POM reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in two different kinds of reactor: a perfectly jet-stirred reactor where both gas phase and surface reactions can be studied simultaneously and a fixed bed reactor. In a first part, lanthanum oxide La2O3 is used as a catalyst. From comparisons between experimental and simulated data (Chemkin®/Chemkin Surface®), a hetero-homogeneous mechanism having the ability to explain experimental observations is proposed. In a second part, the efforts were focused on two nickel based catalysts (Ni/La2O3 and Ni/CeO2) which exhibit a good and stable activity. The discussion on the catalytic performances was done on the basis of experimental observations and catalyst characterizations
Di, Giuliano Andrea. "Synthesis, characterization and industrial applicability of combined sorbent-catalyst materials for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF065/document.
Full textSorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR), steam methane reforming (SMR) with in situ CO2 sorption by a solid sorbent, can lead to a sustainable exploitation of natural gas to produce H2. (CSCM). This thesis, as a part of ASCENT (Advanced Solid Cycles with Efficient Novel Technologies) project, deals with Ni-CaO-mayenite combined sorbent-catalyst material for SESMR, to study the effect of Ni fraction, its precursor salt (Ni nitrate or Ni acetate), and free CaO fraction. ICP AES, XRD, BET and BJH methods, SEM EDS, TEM EDS, TPR and TGA were used to characterize synthesized materials. Their reactivity was evaluated by tests in a packed bed microreactor, which served also as a screening tool to choose the most promising materials. Their industrial applicability was assessed by multicycle SESMR/regeneration tests in an automated packed bed bench scale rig
Hafsaoui, Julien. "Membrane duale de reformage et de filtration pour la production d'hydrogène par réaction de craquage de méthane." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425050.
Full textIn a context of rarefaction and increasing of prices of fossil energetic resources, it is necessary to diversify the energetic offer. Hydrogen seems to be one of the most promising vectors, although technological matters associated to its production slow down its development. In this context, the present work aims at elaborating a system able to produce pure hydrogen from hydrocarbon, and in particularly from methane. It is constituted of three membranes, which specific roles are reforming, separation and retitution of molecular hydrogen. The first membrane is porous and is made of a cermet BaCe0. 85Y0. 15O3-α / nickel. The second one is dense and is elaborated either simply from BaCe0. 85Y0. 15O3-α, or from the same cermet as the first membrane, depending whether the system operates in a galvanic or in a non-galvanic mode. The last one is of the same nature and morphology as the first one. The three membranes are fabricated and coupled one with the others by the process called co-tape-casting in organic solvent followed by a step of co-sintering. More precisely, on the free surface of the first membrane a layer of a mixture of powders Xj / Ni, where Xj and Ni are respectively the support and the catalyst for methane cracking reaction (Xj = CeO2, Silica, Nanodiamonds, zeolithes,…), is deposited via a humid route. Then, by feeding with methane this system, with for example the presence of the highly efficient couple CeO2/Ni, the production of hydrogen is made possible and deposited carbon atoms form nanotubes with Ni particles at their tops, which are then always in the methane flux, and which then do not suffer from deactivation. Hydrogen enters then in the porosity of the first membrane where it is oxidized when meeting with triple phases boundaries. In a non-galvanic system, protons and electrons can go through the second membrane, following the percolating proton and ion conducting paths, to reach the third membrane. In a galvanic system, electrons are transported toward the third membrane via an external circuit, which imposes a voltage. At the third membrane triple phase boundaries, electrons and protons recombine to form pure molecular hydrogen. These two systems galvanic and non galvanic have been designed and fabricated, and the motivation that has led to the choice of the materials used was given at each step of the process. Thanks to the comprehension of the different phenomena taking place during operating conditions, a rather optimized process leading to a system of production and purification of hydrogen was realized. Finally, a numeric model was developed, in order to tailor the influence of all the different parameters that may influence the performances of the object
Nawfal, Mira. "Valorisation catalytique du biogaz pour une énergie propre et renouvelable." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0392/document.
Full textThis study is related to the formation of hydrogen by the steam reforming process and the production of synthesis gas by the dry reforming process, using catalysts, leading to increased resistance to coke formation. Seven mixed oxides NiₓMg₆₋ₓAl₂ 800 (0 ≤ x ≤ 6) were obtained, by hydrotalcite route followed by calcination at 800°C. Metallic nickel is the active species in both studied reactions. Some of these oxides have been impregnated with 0.5 wt % of ruthenium and recalcined at 800°C. In steam reforming test and in absence of ruthenium, the reducing pretreatment step is necessary to activate the catalyst. Ruthenium addition improves the catalytic activity, selectivity and the resistance to coke formation, with no reducing step prior to the test. An interaction between nickel and ruthenium is in origin of these good catalytic performances since ruthenium improves the reductibility of nickel species. The catalyst Ru/Ni₆Al₂ 800 800 presents the best catalytic performances among the studied systems, because it presents a better Ru-Ni interaction
Hedayati, Ali. "Production in situ d'hydrogène pur par reformage d'éthanol dans un réacteur catalytique à membrane." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0246/document.
Full textIn this work, in-situ production of fuel cell grade hydrogen (pure hydrogen) via catalytic ethanol steam reforming (ESR) in a membrane reactor (MR) was investigated. A mixture of pure ethanol and distilled was used as the fuel. ESR experiments were carried out over a Pd-Rh/CeO2 catalyst in a Pd-Ag membrane reactor – named as the fuel reformer – at variety of operating conditions regarding the operating temperature, pressure, fuel flow rate, and the molar ratio of water-ethanol (S/C ratio). The performance of the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) was studied in terms of pure hydrogen production, hydrogen yield, andhydrogen recovery.Thermodynamic evaluation of the CMR was presented as a supplement to the comprehensive investigation of the overall performance of the mentioned pure hydrogen generating system. Exergy analysis was performed based on the experimental results aiming not only to understand the thermodynamic performance of the fuel reformer, but also to introduce the application of the exergy analysis in CMRs studies. Exergy analysis provided important information on the effect of operating conditions and thermodynamic losses, resulting in understanding of the best operating conditions.In addition to the experimental and thermodynamic evaluation of the reforming system, the simulation of the dynamics of hydrogen production (permeation) was performed as the last step to study the applicability of such a system in connection with a real end user, which can be a fuel cell. The simulation presented in this work is similar to the hydrogen flow rate adjustments needed to set the electrical load of a fuel cell, if fed on line by the studied pure hydrogen generating system
Haid, Jürgen. "Recherches sur un procédé de conversion catalytique de méthane en hydrocarbures supérieurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL113N.
Full textMathieu-Deghais, Souhir. "La microbalance inertielle : étude et modélisation cinétique de la désactivation par le coke en reformage catalytique des hydrocarbures sur catalyseur Pt-Sn/AL2O3." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSL0282.
Full textAbbas, Ghaleb Reine. "Production d'énergie propre à partir d'une source renouvelable : combustion catalytique du biogaz." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10031.
Full textThis study concerns the total methane oxidation at high temperature on catalysts made from palladium. The aim of our application is the production of thermic energy by using the biogas produced by fermentation of landfill waste. If the biogas contains essentially methane that we can used to produce energy, it contains also many other compounds like sulphur compounds. The presence of sulphur compounds can reduce the catalyst activity. Catalysts made from palladium were putted on supports chosen because of their excellent thermostability and their different acido-basic properties: MgAl2O4, yttrium stabilized zirconia, alumina stabilised with lanthanium and boron alumina. The catalyst Pd/Al2O3 was also studied. Catalysts were characterized by differents physico-chemical characterization methods and studied in the methane combustion with or without H2S. According to the used support, we observe a variable interaction between the active phase and the support. This interaction affect the catalytic activity, PdO stability and the sulphur resistance
Maradei-Garcia, Maria-Paola. "Modèle cinétique regroupé, basé sur la génération du réseau d'étapes élémentaires, du reformage catalytique régénératif." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2262.
Full textCatalytic reforming is one of the main processes in petrochemical refining. It allows to obtain gasolines with high octane number. In petrochemical industry, it is significant to be able to control the processes in order to obtain high quality products at an acceptable economic cost. The knowledge of chemical reactions implied in the process is the response to this industrial problem. This knowledge coupled with the interest to optimize the industrial process allows the good prediction of the yields and thus a better quality control ; therefore, the use of kinetic models is essential. The "single events" method allows to kinetic modeling of a process while taking into account the interaction between molecules ; therefore, the chemical reactions are defined like elementary steps by using the chemistry of the carbocations. The kinetic constants are defined as independent of the symmetry of the molecules implied in an unspecified reaction. The experimental data obtained from the heptan or octan isomers feeds allowed us to study, on one hand, the influence of the operating conditions on the yield and selectivity of the main products and, on another hand, to estimate the kinetic parameters of the model. Otherwise, we could determine the influence of the aromatic compounds in the feed on the catalyst activity and selectivity. This influence has been taken into account in the model by introducing an adsorption constant on the acid phase for those aromatic species, what had not been done previously
Toppi, Stéphanie. "Étude mécanistique et cinétique de la réaction d'hydrodésalkylation d'alkylaromatiques dans les conditions du reformage catalytique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066355.
Full textOsuna, Sanchez Hector. "Étude et modélisation d’un réacteur de production d‘hydrogène par décomposition catalytique du méthane." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10028.
Full textArtizzu, Paola. "Combustion catalytique du méthane à haute température : application dans les turbines à gaz." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10261.
Full textLanaud, Christophe. "Rhéologie des lits de catalyseurs : application aux lits mobiles." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10227.
Full textAkdim, Ouardia. "Étude du reformage de l'éthanol en gaz de synthèse : développement et caractérisation de catalyseurs et approche mécanistique." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10298.
Full textSierra, Gallego German Alberto. "Valorización del gas natural utilizando precursores catalíticos del tipo perovskita." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2312.
Full textAuprêtre, Fabien. "Production d'hydrogène par vaporeformage de l'éthanol : application aux piles à combustible." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2312.
Full textThis work was devoted to the study of the ethanol catalytic steam reforming reaction for the on-board hydrogen production for fuel cells. The performances of various metals (Rh, Pt, Pd, Ru, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe) supported on oxides (Al2O3, CeO2, CeZrO2, ZrO2, CeO2-Al2O3, NixMg1-xAl2O4, MgO), in the ethanol steam reforming reaction carried out at atmospheric and intermediate pressure, was checked. The nature of the metal and the dispersion play an important role on the activity of the catalyst. The nature of the support conditions the activity, the selectivity and the stability of the catalysts. From the activity point of view, the support must exhibit a good hydrophilicity (water activation) and the surface hydroxyls groups should be strongly mobile. The control of acid-base properties allows to initially direct the reaction preferentially towards the formation of ethylene (C2H4) or of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and to influence the selectivity and the stability of the catalyst
Nitsch, Xavier. "Craquage et reformage des goudrons de gazéification de biomasse en phase homogène et hétérogène." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1122.
Full textOne of the main bottleneck in the development of industrial scale gasification of biomass is the formation of tars inside the reactor that prevent the direct use of syngas in energetic applications. The aimof this work is to study tar cracking in the homogeneous and heterogeneous phases at 850°C in the representative conditions of a dual fluidized bed gasifier. In order to achieve this, a fixed bed reactor (Aligator) and gas preparation and analysis devices were developed and validated. Conversion of phenol in the homogeneous phase, and then on catalysts (olivine, Fe/olivine and Ni/olivine) and on biomass chars was experimented. Results show a strong influence of H2 over the distribution of the products in the homogeneous phase, and a reaction scheme was proposed. An aging study of the catalysts didn’t show any substantial deactivation after 200 cycles of oxidation/reduction in the conditions of a circulating dual fluidized bed. Experiments with different gaseous atmospheres showed that a concentration of 10% of H2 O and 20% of H2 allow a very important improvement in the catalytic activity of olivine