Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reformage catalytique'
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Rakib, Abdelmajid. "Valorisation du méthane en hydrogène par reformage catalytique." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828240.
Full textAmbroise, Emmanuelle. "Production embarquée d’hydrogène par reformage catalytique des hydrocarbures." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/AMBROISE_Emmanuelle_2010.pdf.
Full textIsooctane reforming under conditions which are set by exhaust gas can be performed on to generate hydrogen onboard. Isooctane reforming thermodynamic simulations have proven the possibility to produce a 10-15 % H2 effluent, according to internal combustion engine conditions. Based upon these conditions, reactivity tests on reforming of isooctane have been performed with bimetallic catalysts Co-noble metal/ceria-zirconia. Variable activity of noble metals doped catalysts, depending on the nature of the noble metal (Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt), its loading, and affected by the activation process, is discussed, as the ceria/zirconia ratio and praseodymium doping on catalytic activity and stability. Cobalt speciation has been studied by various characterization techniques, allowing to define an optimal content of inserted cobalt in the mixed oxide structure, enhancing redox properties of the catalyst. The most efficient catalyst for hydrogen production was evaluated in various reactions occurring during isooctane reforming (dry reforming, partial oxidation, steam reforming), allowing to propose a reaction mechanism. The support (a ceria-zirconia based mixed oxide) with acidic and redox properties acts to break isooctane molecule into isobutene through dehydrogenating cracking (acid site) and activate water (vacancy, redox site). The noble metal performs isobutene reforming. The strong metal-support interaction provides a good lifetime to the catalytic system
Carnevillier, Christelle. "Modification de catalyseurs de reformage platine-iridium/alumine par ajout d'étain introduit par réaction d'oxydo-réduction de surface." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2307.
Full textCochegrue, Hélène. "Modélisation cinétique du reformage catalytique sur catalyseur Pt-Sn/Al2O3." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2262.
Full textVargas, Saenz Julio Cesar. "Vaporéformage du bioethanol en hydrogène sur catalyseurs oxydes mixtes Ce-Zr-Co." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13218.
Full textSafariamin, Maryam. "Valorisation catalytique du biogaz (CH4 +CO2) par reformage à sec : étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et catalytiques de solides à base de Tuthénium et Cuivre." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0281.
Full textIn this study, the reaction of methan reforming with CO2 was investigated in the presence of catalysts based on ruthenium and copper deposited on Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 binary oxides and mixed oxides from hydrotalcite precursors. The aim of this work is reduction of greenhouse gases (CH4 + CO2) to obtain the synthesis gas (H2 + CO) to be used for various applications including clean energy. The catalysts were prepared by dry impregnation and characterized by various physico-chemical methods (BET, XRD, FT-IR, UV-VIS, TPR, DTA/TG and EPR) to identify correlations between their physico-chemical properties and their catalytic performance. Influence of different conditions and solids pretreatment on the catalytic activity have been studied. Hydrogen production is strongly influenced by the nature of the metal phase and the support used. It is noteworthy that both types of catalysts (Ru and Cu/support) were not similar activities for the reaction studied. The ruthenium-based catalysts are much more active than those based on copper. Hydrotalcites have proved effective for the reforming reaction, but they produce a large amount of coke which deactivates the catalyst easily. Among all catalysts are studied, the solid containing 5% RuO2 on the support of CeO2-Al2O3 binary oxides was the most active and most stable. The high reactivity of this catalyst is associated to good dispersion of ruthenium species and to the very low amount of coke on the catalyst observed after 14 days of aging
Nawfal, Mira. "Valorisation catalytique du biogaz pour une énergie propre et renouvelable." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0392/document.
Full textThis study is related to the formation of hydrogen by the steam reforming process and the production of synthesis gas by the dry reforming process, using catalysts, leading to increased resistance to coke formation. Seven mixed oxides NiₓMg₆₋ₓAl₂ 800 (0 ≤ x ≤ 6) were obtained, by hydrotalcite route followed by calcination at 800°C. Metallic nickel is the active species in both studied reactions. Some of these oxides have been impregnated with 0.5 wt % of ruthenium and recalcined at 800°C. In steam reforming test and in absence of ruthenium, the reducing pretreatment step is necessary to activate the catalyst. Ruthenium addition improves the catalytic activity, selectivity and the resistance to coke formation, with no reducing step prior to the test. An interaction between nickel and ruthenium is in origin of these good catalytic performances since ruthenium improves the reductibility of nickel species. The catalyst Ru/Ni₆Al₂ 800 800 presents the best catalytic performances among the studied systems, because it presents a better Ru-Ni interaction
Mathieu-Deghais, Souhir. "La microbalance inertielle : étude et modélisation cinétique de la désactivation par le coke en reformage catalytique des hydrocarbures sur catalyseur Pt-Sn/AL2O3." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSL0282.
Full textHedayati, Ali. "Production in situ d'hydrogène pur par reformage d'éthanol dans un réacteur catalytique à membrane." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0246/document.
Full textIn this work, in-situ production of fuel cell grade hydrogen (pure hydrogen) via catalytic ethanol steam reforming (ESR) in a membrane reactor (MR) was investigated. A mixture of pure ethanol and distilled was used as the fuel. ESR experiments were carried out over a Pd-Rh/CeO2 catalyst in a Pd-Ag membrane reactor – named as the fuel reformer – at variety of operating conditions regarding the operating temperature, pressure, fuel flow rate, and the molar ratio of water-ethanol (S/C ratio). The performance of the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) was studied in terms of pure hydrogen production, hydrogen yield, andhydrogen recovery.Thermodynamic evaluation of the CMR was presented as a supplement to the comprehensive investigation of the overall performance of the mentioned pure hydrogen generating system. Exergy analysis was performed based on the experimental results aiming not only to understand the thermodynamic performance of the fuel reformer, but also to introduce the application of the exergy analysis in CMRs studies. Exergy analysis provided important information on the effect of operating conditions and thermodynamic losses, resulting in understanding of the best operating conditions.In addition to the experimental and thermodynamic evaluation of the reforming system, the simulation of the dynamics of hydrogen production (permeation) was performed as the last step to study the applicability of such a system in connection with a real end user, which can be a fuel cell. The simulation presented in this work is similar to the hydrogen flow rate adjustments needed to set the electrical load of a fuel cell, if fed on line by the studied pure hydrogen generating system
Mrad, Mary. "La production d'hydrogène via la valorisation de la biomasse par reformage catalytique du méthanol." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0409.
Full textIn order to study the hydrogen production via the catalytic steam reforming of methanol and to determine the influence of different parameter on this reaction, the performance of the Cu-Zn/CeO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts was evaluated. The impregnation of copper over ceria or alumina has shown better catalytic performance than the impregnation of the zinc on the same supports. In the presence of ceria, the catalytic activity has been related to the dispersion of isolated Cu²⁺ species in interaction with the matrix, which were reduced during the pre-treatment phase of the catalyst. In the presence of alumina, stable and unreduced CuAl₂O₄ spinal species were formed, leading to a lower catalytic activity. Concerning the copper based catalysts impregnated on 10Ce10Al mixed oxide, the presence of alumina has promoted the dispersion of the ceria that enhances the oxygen exchange between the active phase and the support without influencing the active phase. The agglomerated CuO species formed in the catalysts with the high copper content have contributed to lower the by-product formation during the reaction. The promoter effect of the zinc was revealed by the stabilisation of the reduced copper into Cu⁺ species that are the most active species in the steam reforming of methanol reaction. No coke formation was revealed on the copper based catalysts, unlike the zinc based catalysts where carbon species were identified. The catalytic deactivation with time on stream was attributed to the formation of those species that blocks the accessibility of the catalytic active sites
Maradei-Garcia, Maria-Paola. "Modèle cinétique regroupé, basé sur la génération du réseau d'étapes élémentaires, du reformage catalytique régénératif." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2262.
Full textCatalytic reforming is one of the main processes in petrochemical refining. It allows to obtain gasolines with high octane number. In petrochemical industry, it is significant to be able to control the processes in order to obtain high quality products at an acceptable economic cost. The knowledge of chemical reactions implied in the process is the response to this industrial problem. This knowledge coupled with the interest to optimize the industrial process allows the good prediction of the yields and thus a better quality control ; therefore, the use of kinetic models is essential. The "single events" method allows to kinetic modeling of a process while taking into account the interaction between molecules ; therefore, the chemical reactions are defined like elementary steps by using the chemistry of the carbocations. The kinetic constants are defined as independent of the symmetry of the molecules implied in an unspecified reaction. The experimental data obtained from the heptan or octan isomers feeds allowed us to study, on one hand, the influence of the operating conditions on the yield and selectivity of the main products and, on another hand, to estimate the kinetic parameters of the model. Otherwise, we could determine the influence of the aromatic compounds in the feed on the catalyst activity and selectivity. This influence has been taken into account in the model by introducing an adsorption constant on the acid phase for those aromatic species, what had not been done previously
Toppi, Stéphanie. "Étude mécanistique et cinétique de la réaction d'hydrodésalkylation d'alkylaromatiques dans les conditions du reformage catalytique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066355.
Full textAkdim, Ouardia. "Étude du reformage de l'éthanol en gaz de synthèse : développement et caractérisation de catalyseurs et approche mécanistique." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10298.
Full textLanaud, Christophe. "Rhéologie des lits de catalyseurs : application aux lits mobiles." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10227.
Full textBarros, Braulio Silva. "Vaporeformage et reformage à sec du méthane sur les précurseurs catalytiques LaNiO3/α-Al2O3 et La2NiO4/α-Al2O3 préparé par combustion assistée par microondes." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6028.
Full textNickel catalysts have been used in steam or dry reforming of methane to obtain syngas. Usually, high conversion levels are obtained by these catalysts; however, the deactivation by carbon deposition is still a problem to be solved. Several approaches have been used to minimize this problem, outstanding in the last years the use of oxides with perovskite-type structures and/or related structures. The catalytic precursors LaNiO3/-Al2O3 and La2NiO4/-Al2O3 were prepared by microwaves-assisted self-combustion using urea or glycine as fuel. Additionally, the same systems were prepared using nitrates impregnation and Sol-gel method. Obtained powders were characterized before and after catalytic tests by XRD, BET, TPO, TPR, SEM and TEM. The catalytic precursors prepared by self-combustion with glycine presented conversion results in agreement with the thermodynamic data for both reforming reactions. In the other side, the prepared catalysts with urea and by impregnation showed high conversion levels in lower temperatures, indicating the occurrence of the reaction of methane cracking. The accomplished analyses by Temperature-programmed oxidation profiles and transmission electronic microscopy confirmed in these catalysts the formation of carbon nanotubos. Deposits of carbon were not detected in the prepared samples with glycine. X-ray diffraction of the tested catalysts suggests that the partial of the oxides La-Ni is responsible for the good aging and resistance to the carbon deposition. The partial reduction promotes the control of the size and a better dispersion of the metallic nickel particles
Catalisadores a base de níquel suportado em óxidos não-redutíveis, como alumina, têm sido amplamente empregados nas reações de reforma a vapor ou a seco (CO2) do metano para obtenção de H2 ou gás de síntese (H2 + CO). Normalmente, altos níveis de conversão são obtidos por estes catalisadores, entretanto, a desativação por deposição de carbono ainda é um problema a ser solucionado. Diversas abordagens têm sido empregadas no intuito de minimizar este problema, dentre as quais tem se destacado nos últimos anos a utilização de óxidos com estrutura perovskita e/ou estruturas relacionadas. Paralelamente,o uso de metodologias de síntese mais rápidas, fáceis, aplicáveis em escala industrial e que permitam o controle das características microestruturais destes catalisadores, pode em conjunto, prover a solução para este problema. Os precursores catalíticos LaNiO3/-Al2O3 e La2NiO4/-Al2O3 foram preparados pelo método de autocombustão assistida por microondas usando uréia ou glicina como combustível. Adicionalmente, os mesmos sistemas foram preparados pelos métodos de impregnação úmida de nitratos e sol-gel para efeito de comparação. As amostras preparadas foram testadas nas reformas a seco e a vapor do metano, sendo avaliados os respectivos níveis de conversão, rendimento e/ou seletividade, como também a resistência à deposição de carbono, durante o tempo sob fluxo de reagentes na temperatura de reação. As amostras foram calcinadas a 800 oC (LaNiO3/-Al2O3) e 1000 oC (La2NiO4/-Al2O3), para obtenção das fases desejadas. Os pós-obtidos foram caracterizados antes e após os testes catalíticos por difração de raios-X, medidas de área superficial especifica, oxidação e redução à temperatura programada, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. A cristalização da fase LaNiO3 foi confirmada em todas as amostras de composição LaNiO3/ - Al2O3, calcinadas a 800 oC. Para as amostras de composição La2NiO4/ - Al2O3 a fase La2NiO4 foi obtida por autocombustão com glicina sem calcinação posterior. Para todos os outros casos a calcinação a 1000 oC foi necessária. Os perfis de redução à temperatura programada das amostras preparadas por combustão com glicina apresentaram picos de redução a elevada temperatura (900 oC), sugerindo a dissolução do alumínio sobre os óxidos redutíveis contendo níquel. O mesmo foi observado em menor proporção para as amostras preparadas por combustão com uréia e sol-gel. Os precursores preparados por autocombustão com glicina apresentaram resultados de conversão em acordo com a termodinâmica de ambas as reações de reforma. Por outro lado, os catalisadores preparados com uréia e por impregnação mostraram altos níveis de conversão em temperaturas mais baixas (> 90 % a partir de 600 oC), indicando a ocorrência da reação de quebra do metano (CH4 ® C + 2H2). Por sua vez, as analises realizadas por oxidação a temperatura programada e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, confirmaram a formação de depósitos carbonáceos em significativa quantidade e na forma de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas. Depósitos de carbono não foram detectados nas amostras preparadas com glicina. Analises de DRX dos catalisadores testados sugerem que a redução parcial e não total dos óxidos La-Ni é responsável pelo bom desempenho e resistência à deposição de carbono. A redução parcial, neste caso relacionada a metodologia de preparação, promove o controle do tamanho e uma melhor dispersão das partículas de níquel metálico, além de permitir uma interação mais forte entre a espécie ativa e a superfície do suporte que contém átomos de níquel
Sierra, Gallego German Alberto. "Valorización del gas natural utilizando precursores catalíticos del tipo perovskita." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2312.
Full textAuprêtre, Fabien. "Production d'hydrogène par vaporeformage de l'éthanol : application aux piles à combustible." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2312.
Full textThis work was devoted to the study of the ethanol catalytic steam reforming reaction for the on-board hydrogen production for fuel cells. The performances of various metals (Rh, Pt, Pd, Ru, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe) supported on oxides (Al2O3, CeO2, CeZrO2, ZrO2, CeO2-Al2O3, NixMg1-xAl2O4, MgO), in the ethanol steam reforming reaction carried out at atmospheric and intermediate pressure, was checked. The nature of the metal and the dispersion play an important role on the activity of the catalyst. The nature of the support conditions the activity, the selectivity and the stability of the catalysts. From the activity point of view, the support must exhibit a good hydrophilicity (water activation) and the surface hydroxyls groups should be strongly mobile. The control of acid-base properties allows to initially direct the reaction preferentially towards the formation of ethylene (C2H4) or of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and to influence the selectivity and the stability of the catalyst
Nitsch, Xavier. "Craquage et reformage des goudrons de gazéification de biomasse en phase homogène et hétérogène." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1122.
Full textOne of the main bottleneck in the development of industrial scale gasification of biomass is the formation of tars inside the reactor that prevent the direct use of syngas in energetic applications. The aimof this work is to study tar cracking in the homogeneous and heterogeneous phases at 850°C in the representative conditions of a dual fluidized bed gasifier. In order to achieve this, a fixed bed reactor (Aligator) and gas preparation and analysis devices were developed and validated. Conversion of phenol in the homogeneous phase, and then on catalysts (olivine, Fe/olivine and Ni/olivine) and on biomass chars was experimented. Results show a strong influence of H2 over the distribution of the products in the homogeneous phase, and a reaction scheme was proposed. An aging study of the catalysts didn’t show any substantial deactivation after 200 cycles of oxidation/reduction in the conditions of a circulating dual fluidized bed. Experiments with different gaseous atmospheres showed that a concentration of 10% of H2 O and 20% of H2 allow a very important improvement in the catalytic activity of olivine
Ello, Serge. "Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques PtGe/Al2O3 par voie organométallique pour une application en reformage." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2303.
Full textThe objective of this work was centered on the preparation of bimetallic catalysts Pt-Ge/Al2 O3 and the evaluation of their performances for a possible application in reforming. The catalysts were prepared by organometallic grafting. This technique of preparation made it possible to deposit very small quantity of germanium on the surface of the catalyst Pt/Al2O3. These catalysts then underwent various techniques of characterization: microscopy electronic by transmission (MET), chemisorption of hydrogen, carbon monoxide chemisorption and tests of characterization: the hydrogenation of benzene, the dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and the transformation of the ethylcyclopentane. We have obtained bimetallic catalysts of various structures according to the quantity of gemanium deposited. For the low contents we obtain a deposit (selective) germanium on the sites of high coordination (faces) then for the strong germanium contents, the deposit becomes nonselective. Beyond half monocouche of germanium, compounds definis are formed PtXGey. For the performance evaluation, the rearrangement of n-hexan, and n-heptan were selected for model reaction. In the case of n-hexane one obtained the results according to; For small germanium contents (P76Ge1/8, P60Ge1/8, P60Ge1/2), there is a high selectivity in isomerization, deshydrocyclisation (methyclopentane) and very little fragmentation and aromatization. For strong content (P76Ge2, P60Ge1, P60Ge2) we obtain also more aromatization than catalysts with weak addition, less isomers, and products cyclized and much of fragmentation. For catalysts with low content of germanium, there is a reduction in the selectivity of the products resulting from fragmentation, an increase in isomerization and a reduction in the deshydrocyclisation compared to the catalyst Pt/Al2O3. Catalysts with strong content prove more reactive for the reactions of deshydrocyclisation (aromatization), of fragmentation, but less active for isomerization
Vitidsant, Tharapong. "Reformage catalytique du méthane à la vapeur en lit fluidisé étude cinétique et modélisation du réacteur /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619166z.
Full textTanios, Carole. "Caractérisation, évaluation de la toxicité du biogaz issu de déchets ménagers et valorisation par reformage catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0474/document.
Full textThis work studies the energy recovery of the fermentable fraction of waste. Indeed, organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen and simultaneously produces biogas. One of the emerging technologies is to upgrade CH₄ and CO₂, the two major components of biogas. This is the dry reforming of methane (CH₄ + CO₂ → 2 CO + 2 H₂) (DRM), which is particularly interesting, since it makes possible to produce a synthesis gas with a H₂/CO ratio close to 1, advantageous for several industrial applications, and to get rid of two greenhouse gases. However, due to its endothermic nature, the dry reforming of methane requires the use of a catalyst, to avoid operating at very high temperatures in order to obtain sufficient conversions. Moreover, the dry reforming of methane is accompanied by secondary reactions, some of which lead to the formation of carbon. In this context, efforts have been focused on the development of catalytic systems with good activity and good resistance against carbon deposition. In this work, real biogas samples were analyzed at two biomethanation centers, one in France and the other in Lebanon. Thus, knowing the identity and the quantity of the various compounds, a study of their effect on the efficiency of the catalyst is done. Our results show that the real biogas is composed, besides the major components, CH₄ and CO₂, of NH₃, H₂S, some terpenes ans some VOCs. In addition, mixed oxides of Co, Ni, Mg and Al were prepared using the hydrotalcite route, in order to obtain interesting catalytic properties. The prepared systems were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and tested in the dry reforming of methane. The Co-Ni based system seems to be the best system joining the high activity of nickel with the high resistance of cobalt towards carbon deposition. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of some impurities that exist in biogas quch as volatile organic compounds (toluene) is also a part of this work. Finally, the toxicity of biogas collected from biomethanation centers was evaluated. Human lung cell cultures (BEAS-2B) were thus exposed at the air / liquid interface using the Vitrocell® system. After exposure of the cells, a set of toxicity markers is determined. In this study, the impact of biogas on human health will be evaluated
Stefanescu, Anca Valentina. "Revêtement de microstructures par des catalyseurs à base de nickel pour produire de l'hydrogène par vapo-reformage d'essence." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10044.
Full textFerraz, Simha Cláudia. "SACRE : Système d'aide au contrôle de résultats expérimentaux /." Paris : Université Paris 13 : diff. Ed. Technip, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356480198.
Full textPortha, Jean-François Pons Marie-Noëlle. "Méthodologie pour tenir compte de l'impact environnemental d'un procédé lors de sa conception." S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_PORTHA_J_F.pdf.
Full textJahel, Ali. "Étude de l'ajout d'un promoteur au système Pt-Sn supporté sur alumine chlorée utilisé en reformage catalytique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20233.
Full textThis work consists of a detailed study on the effect of indium in alumina supported trimetallic PtSnIn-based naphtha reforming catalysts. These catalysts were reproduced using different preparation protocols and the indium effect was investigated using 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, XANES, EXAFS spectroscopies, IR-CO, STEM, CO chemisorption, TPR and TPD. It appears that the nature of the metallic active centres depends on the method with which indium was introduced. When co-precipitating the indium precursor with the Al source, PtxSn alloys were formed, whereas when metals were impregnated on the surface, substitutional Pt-Sn alloys were observed. Increasing the In content in the frst type of catalysts leads to an increase in the Sn concentration in PtxSn alloys, whereas a gradual replacement of Sn by indium in susbstitutinal alloys is observed in the second type of catalysts. These results allowed preparing catalysts with high Pt3Sn alloy contents using the effect of indium in catalysts prepared by Sn organometallic controlled surface reactions (CSR). From a catalytic point of view, n-heptane reforming tests show that trimetallic PtSnIn-based catalysts are less selective to hydrogenolysis and hydrocracking reactions, and highly selective to isomerisation, compared to the bimetallic PtSn-based catalyst
Leroi, Pascaline. "Etude du reformage du méthane en gaz de synthèse sur catalyseurs à base de carbure de silicium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13080.
Full textThe work which was carried out for this PhD thesis was based on the use of nickel supported on silicon carbide (SiC) catalysts for methane steam reforming (SR) and methane partial oxidation (POx). Concerning the SR process, the effect of several reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, oxidizing/reducing agent) and that of the parameters which are specific to catalysts were optimized. The post-catalytic characterizations showed that the catalysts present an increased resistance towards coke deactivation and almost no deactivation has been observed as a function of time on stream. Regarding the POx process, comparison tests demonstrated the advantage of SiC, a conductive material, over alumina, which is an insulating material. At the start of the reaction, the conversion of methane observed on alumina-based catalyst largely exceeds the thermodynamic value which means that temperature runaway has occured in the catalyst bed. This is not the case with SiC catalysts due to its high thermal conductivity which allows the rapid heat evacuation from the catalyst bed. The hot spot formation significantly alters the alumina-based catalyst morphology whereas the morphology of the SiC-based catalyst was completely retained. Post-reaction characterizations showed a great difference not only in the nature but also in the amount of carbon formed on both supports, i. E. Filamentous carbon on the alumina-based catalyst and amorphous carbon on the SiC-based catalyst
Airault, Alain. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs platine-rhodium sur alumine et sur zircone par spectroscopie XPS et réactions catalytiques." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2322.
Full textMarseault, David. "Synthèse et caractérisation de solides de type aluminosilicates à micro- et mésoporosité contrôlées pouvant être utilisés en catalyse acide." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0593.
Full textHallassi, Manel. "Elaboration, caractérisation et mesure d'activité catalytique et/ou photocatalytique sur des matériaux oxydes binaires et/ou ternaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR032.
Full textBimetallic (NiM (M=Cr, Fe), ZnM (M=Cr, Fe)) and trimetallic (NiZnM (M=Cr, Fe)) double lamellar oxide (DLO) catalysts with nominal compositions of Ni/M = 2 or 3 and Ni+Zn/Fe and Ni+Zn/Cr = 3, respectively, were prepared from the double lamellar hydroxides (DLH) using the co-precipitation method. The structure, texture and reducibility of the obtained catalysts were monitored by several physicochemical techniques: XRD, Raman, BET, XPS, TPR and SEM-EDX. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the dry reforming of methane reaction (CH4 + CO2 à 2H2 + 2CO). The structural study by XRD and Raman shows that the hydrotalcite structure was present at room temperature and stable up to 250 °C. The interspaces decreased as the temperature increased, with a lattice parameter and interspaces of 3.018 Å and 7.017 Å, respectively. The solids decompose completely into oxide after calcination at 500 °C. NiO, ZnO and spinel phases (NiM2O4 and ZnM2O4 M = Cr or Fe) were observed in NiM, Zn (M = Cr, Fe) and Cr2O3 were detected for chromium formulations. The NiFe and ZnFe catalysts show low activity in the DRM reaction over the entire temperature range studied. In contrast, the Cr-containing systems showed interesting CH4 and CO2 conversions and excellent H2 selectivity at low reaction temperatures. CH4 and CO2 conversions of 18-20% with H2/CO of about 0.7 at temperatures as low as 500°C, but transient behavior and deactivation were observed at higher temperatures or at long reaction times. The sequence was attributed to the stabilization of Ni metal particles formed during the reduction of the NiO phase due to the presence of NiCr2O4, paving the way for the use of these materials in periodic or looping processes for low temperature methane reforming
Kroll, Vincent. "Reformage du méthane en gaz de synthèse par le dioxyde de carbone : développement de catalyseurs, mécanisme et cinétique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10230.
Full textGaillard, Marine. "Reformage à sec du méthane à l’aide de catalyseurs à base de molybdène : vers la valorisation catalytique du biogaz." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10163/document.
Full textIn the worldwide current energy situation, new pathways for renewable energy production are developed. In Europe, methanisation is an alternate way widely implemented since it produces biogas that contains CH4 and CO2. The reforming of this biogas could lead to the consumption of the two main greenhouse gases for the production of syngas (H2, CO), which could be industrially attractive for the Fischer-Tropsch process, eventually setting up a promising waste-to-liquids technology. Yet, the main hurdle regarding this reaction is the presence of sulfur in the biogas which poisons the catalysts.Thus, a set of molybdenum-based catalysts has been synthesized and tested for the dry reforming of methane. The influence of several parameters has been evaluated, such as (i) molybdenum loading, (ii) the addition of promoters (Ni, Co, CeO2 and MgO) or (iii) the use of different supports (Al2O3, ZrO2, Carbone, SiO2, MgO). The catalysts have been analyzed via several characterization techniques to establish structure/activity relationships, identify the main deactivation phenomena and conclude on the most stable and active composition in presence of H2S during the catalytic runs
Bespalko, Nicolas. "Préparation de nouveaux catalyseurs à base d'oxydes mixtes de lanthane et zirconium et application au réformage d'éthanol pour la production d'hydrogène." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6129.
Full textThis thesis is based on the catalytic steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production. The catalysts used are systems based on noble metals or transition metal cations in the presence of dopants and oxide supports which may alter the redox properties and acid-base. As a first step, various mixed oxides Ni-La-Zr and Co-la-Zr were synthesized by different preparation techniques and characterized by various physicochemical techniques of volume and surface. In a second step catalysts doped with 1 % rhodium (Rh-Ni-La-Zr and Rh-Co-La-Zr) were prepared and studied to determine the catalytic effect of Rh in the reaction of reforming ethanol at the level of activity, selectivity and deactivation in hydrogen. For the evaluation of these mixed oxides in reforming of ethanol, and in agreement with the thermodynamic analysis and knowledge of the physicochemical properties of catalysts, the following operating conditions were chosen: reaction temperature between 500 and 650 ° C , molar ratios ofwater-ethanoI9: 1 or 6: 1. Additional tests with occasional injections OfC02 were carried out in order to explain the differences in behavior between Ni and Co in the distribution ofreaction products. The catalysts Ni-La-Zr and Co-Zr-La after reaction were characterized by means ofvarious techniques in order to understand the causes of deactivation. Overall, the results of the physico-chemical characterization before and after test-coupled catalytic results have allowed us to understand the catalytic act as a whole: activity, deactivation and reaction mechanism
Bouamra, Kahina. "Physico-chimie d'une décharge électrique impulsionnelle dans un mélange air iso-octane : application au reformage par association plasma-catalyseur." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112320.
Full textThis thesis deals with the hydrogen production (reforming), for use in a fuel-cell vehicle, from a hydrocarbon: iso-octane, using a non-equilibrium plasma coupled to a catalyst. This work is part of a PSA Peugeot Citroen and LPGP program. A Dielectric Barrier Discharge is used as a non-equilibrium plasma, with or without a reforming catalyst of iso-octane. The experiments show that characteristics of the electric discharge (voltage, current, energy) are dependent on the flowing gas temperature and the presence of water vapour. Plasma chemical decomposition of iso-octane is higher and increased with temperature: 80 % at ambient temperature and 280 J/l energy, 100 % at 600°C and 30 J/l. The conversion by-products are analysed outlet discharge and post-discharge, namely H₂, CO, CO₂, hydrocarbons, ketones and olefins. . . The formation of these molecules is explained using kinetic schemes for the oxidation of iso-octane. From 1000 ppm of iso-octane in 1 l/min of air, a few hundred ppm of hydrogen are measured. Lt's insufficient for an industrial application. In order to improve the plasma efficiency, a reforming rhodium-catalyst of iso-octane is coupled to the discharge. We showed that a plasma pretreatment of the gas at 80 J/l and 250°C induced a catalyst activation at a temperature below its normal minimal operating temperature
Saab, Elias. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques des systèmes oxydes de Ce, Al et Mn dans l'oxydation totale des particules carbonées et le vaporeformage du méthanol." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0180.
Full textThe carbonaceous particles are one of the sources of the air pollution. Their collection is done by particulate filters followed by their elimination by catalytic or thermal ways. Another possibility for the reduction of the air pollution will be to change towards sources of clean energy to replace fossil energies. To this end, catalysts containing cerium, aluminum and manganese were studied in the combustion of the carbon black like in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol in order to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. Concerning the combustion of the carbon black, two types of contacts between the carbon particles and the catalyst were studied. The weak contact and the strong contact. The carbon black is characterized by the presence of intrinsic paramagnetic centres which are sensitive to oxygen in air. The formation of new species ascribable to localised paramagnetic spins with the interface of catalyst-NC, is highlighted following the strong contact between the two solids. Under these conditions, the ceria and contrary to alumina, is powerful in the reaction of combustion of the carbon black. Catalysts xMn/Ce and xMn/Al (x can change from 10-4 to 1) were prepared and activated at 600°C. The manganese addition improves the catalytic reactivity of these solids in the combustion of carbon black. The increase in the manganese content returns the oxidation of the possible carbon black at temperatures close to those obtained in a muffler. The catalysts present primarily the Mn2O3 phase at their surface with more marked presence of Mn(II) species in the case of alumina compared to the ceria. The setting in contact of the carbon black with the manganese deposited on the ceria causes the reduction of the manganese species and contributes to the reactivity of these solids. The low reactivity of the Mn/Al catalysts was explained by the strong stability of the manganese species being on alumina. All these catalysts are completely selective for the formation of CO2. The catalytic performances of these solids used in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol for the production of the hydrogen gas, remain below those obtained for transition metal oxide bases catalysts (Cr, Co, Ni, Mo,. . . ) considered as the current state of art in this field. Nevertheless, catalysts containing copper impregnated on a binary system ceria-alumina, show themselves very powerful and promising for the production of H2 supplying the fuel cells
Abou, Rached Jihane. "Production d'hydrogène par reformage catalytique du toluène sur des oxydes mixtes Ni-Mg-Al : Effet de l'ajout de cérium ou de lanthane." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0442/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out in the context of the valorization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene. This study aimed to optimize efficient catalysts for the elimination of toluene by dry and steam reforming of toluene. Hydrotalcite solids were chosen because of the interesting properties of the oxides obtained by their calcination. The Ni, Mg and Al-based catalysts were prepared via hydrotalcite road. In order to improve the catalytic activity, the elements Ce and La were incorporated into the solids to substitute a part of the element A1 and the effects were studied. Initially, the mixed oxides were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques including X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR),... In a second step, the mixed oxides were tested in the dry reforming of toluene reaction. The progressive substitution of Mg²⁺ ions by Ni²⁺ ions improves the activity of the catalysts. Cerium or lanthanum played a role in the reaction mechanism, to improve selectivity and reduce carbon deposition. The catalytic performances of the oxydes are tested in the steam reforming of toluene reaction, showing that the reactivity improves with the increase in the magnesium content. The promoters have enhanced the toluene conversion and hydrogen selectivity. According to the physico-chemical characterizations after the catalytic test, the catalysts showed no coke formation. A comparison between the best catalyst of this study and an industrial catalyst is performed
Koerin, Régis. "Influence du mode de synthèse de la boehmite sur l’état de surface de l’alumine gamma mise en forme : application au reformage catalytique." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2030.
Full textThis work investigates the relationships between the surface state of-alumina, its acidity after chlorination (1wt. %Cl) and the performances of the associated Pt/Al2O3-Cl catalysts in naphtha reforming. The alumina surface state, characterized by IR spectroscopy, strongly depends on the morphology of the parent boehmite, the proportions of its crystallographic faces being determined by XRD. Different conditions for kneading/extrusion and thermal treatments are applied to each boehmite to obtain alumina extrudates with similar textural properties. These additional treatments also modified the alumina surface state. Rehydration of the extrudates, the first step of the Pt active phase impregnation, tends to level these differences. 2,6-Lutidine thermo-desorption monitored by IR spectroscopy reveals differences in acidity related to both the chlorine content and the alumina morphology. It is also observed that with smaller particles, the concentration of Brønsted acid sites increases, indicating that edge sites play a key role in generating the Brønsted acidity of alumina particles. For alumina with a high proportion of (110) surface (70%), the increased chlorine content leads to a higher amount of Brønsted acid sites, whereas the opposite occurs with a lower proportion (50%) of such a surface. The catalytic performances in the reforming of n-C7 indicate that the only Brønsted acid sites involved are those closest to platinum nanoparticles. Finally we provide evidence for a relationship between the Lewis acid sites strength and the hydrogenolysis selectivity
Luneau, Mathilde. "Reformage autotherme de biogaz modèle sur des catalyseurs au nickel." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1129/document.
Full textHydrogen is expected to play an increasingly important role in the energy sector in the years to come. Nowadays, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels. The extensive use of fossil fuels is unsustainable and therefore, hydrogen production from renewable sources is of great interests. Autothermal reforming of biogas, a renewable source of methane, was studied over nickel catalysts at 700°C and at atmospheric pressure. This study focused on model biogas composed of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide, reacting with oxygen and steam respecting the composition: 42% H2O, 14% CH4, 9% CO2, 7% O2 diluted in argon. First and foremost, a screening of different catalyst compositions was carried out with a six parallel-flow reactor set-up. This high-throughput technology showed that a NiRh bimetallic catalyst supported on magnesium spinel was active and very stable, still fully converting methane after 200 hours of reaction. On the other hand, its noble-metal free equivalent deactivated after only 2 hours. Our study showed that deactivation was caused by the formation of nickel spinel NiAl2O4. Its formation is a consequence of the exothermicity of the combustion reaction taking place at the catalyst inlet. The high temperatures induce a disorder in the crystal structure of the support and, in presence of NiO, Ni2+ ions can then diffuse into the vacancies of the support. The inactive NiAl2O4 phase is formed. Finally, a kinetic study was performed on structured catalysts. A kinetic model was developed, which also allowed the description of the deactivation profile caused by the loss of active sites
Settar, Abdelhakim. "Etude des transferts thermique et massique au sein d'un échangeur multifonctionnel en présence d'une réaction catalytique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0291.
Full textHydrogen is not a primary energy; we must produce it, transport it and store it before use. It cans be produced by chemical, biological or electrolytic processes from renewable resources or not. Fossil fuels represent the first hydrogen resource, with 96% of total world production, which 48% is made from natural gas containing methane. In this thesis, we focus on the generation of hydrogen by the steam-methane reforming process, which is the most used conversion method. The aims consist first to explore, through numerical studies, the thermal and mass performances of a wall coated steam-methane reformer, wherein a discrete distribution of the catalyst is adopted, combined or not, with an insertion of a highly porous metal foam, and secondly to analyze, by an experimental approach completed by a numerical inverse procedure to estimate the unknown heat flux received by the gas mixture. The geometric configurations adopted in the numerical studies are modeled by the conservation equations and the boundary conditions. The kinetic reaction is governed by a model based on power laws, and the system of equations is solved by the finite volume method. For the estimation of heat flux, an experimental device approachingthe reactor heating system is designed to measure the temperature distribution, and an inverse code based on the function specification method. The results show that the steam methane reforming process performances can be improved by adopting a good distribution of the catalyst on the walls of the reactor fitted on its catalytic region with metal foam. The improvements obtained in terms of methane conversion, compared to a conventional configuration, are of the order of 44.6%. In addition, the combination of experimental and numerical approaches was used to determine the net quantity of heat transferred from the heating system to the steam reformer
MULLER, ANNE. "Activite catalytique des oxydes de tungstene et de molybdene pour le reformage des hydrocarbures : importance de l'etat de surface de ces catalyseurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13199.
Full textGuerrero, Jesús. "Valorisation du méthane par reformage sec en régimes stationnaire et non-stationnaire sur catalyseurs à base de nickel : mise en œuvre d'un réacteur à alimentation périodique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10162/document.
Full textNowadays the society is concerned about the greenhouse effect, and the necessity to find alternative procedures and more sustainable and durable processes to obtain the products made from petroleum. The valorization of CH4 with CO2 (dry reforming) brings the advantage of consuming gases which contribute strongly to the greenhouse effect. This reaction produces H2 and CO, which jointly or separately, are the raw materials for different processes producing energy and chemicals.Ni-Ce-O and Ni-Mg-Al-O based catalysts were successfully prepared. The influence of different parameters was studied, such as the Ni loading and the reaction temperature (600°C-800°C). The main difficulties are the formation of coke leading to rapid catalyst deactivation due to the high operating temperatures and the simultaneous presence of CO2 (reactant) and hydrogen (product) which leads, by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS), to a loss in selectivity. A process which can avoid this kind of problematics consists in exposing alternately each of the reactants. Initially the solid acts as oxygen carrier reacting with methane to form carbon monoxide (1 mole) and hydrogen (2 moles). As the solid is regenerated at each cycle, the deactivation by carbon deposition is avoided. The activity and selectivity of the solid is provided by the presence of a reducible oxide (CeO2) and a metal (Ni, Co), which cannot be reoxidized under the experimental conditions ensuring the activation of methane. Different physicochemical characterizations were performed on catalysts to find correlations between the catalytic activity and properties of the solids
Juste, Enrique. "Elaboration de réacteurs catalytiques membranaires à microstructures et architectures contrôlées." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0decb987-3264-4264-8bb3-b83c1092abe9/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4045.pdf.
Full textSince twenty years, syngas (H2+CO) production from natural gas, has been presented an increasing interest as source of energy and chemical feedstock. Catalytic Membrane Reactors (CMR) are economical attractive processes for natural gas reforming to syngas. The CMR studied consisted of a mixed ionic and electronic conductor dense layer (La(1-x)SrxFe(1-y)GayO3-d) which can separate oxygen from air and transport it, a porous support to ensure the mechanical strength of the reactor and a catalytic layer improving methane reforming. Firstly, a material with a good dimensional stability was chosen and shaped by tape casting. Secondly, the influence of the microstructure of the membrane and the architecture of multilayer reactors on semipermeability properties was studied. Finally, a multilayer dense membrane was elaborated in order to improve performances of the CMR in industrial working conditions
Zhao, Wei. "Dehydrogenation mechanisms of methyl-cyclohexane on γ-alumina supported platinum subnanometric-clusters : DFT coupled with experimental kinetics and kinetic modelling." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN052/document.
Full textCatalytic reforming aims at transforming naphta into high octane aromatics and producing simultaneously dihydrogen. The catalyst used is composed of platinum-based sub-nanometric clusters highly dispersed on a gamma-alumina support which behavior under reaction conditions is the subject of numerous questions. We investigate experimentally and theoretically one model reaction probing the metal sites, the dehydrogenation of methyl-cyclohexane into toluene. A detailed atomic scale understanding of the mechanisms involved, and their related kinetic parameters, is required. We undertook DFT calculations with PBE and PBE-dDsC functionals on a relevant Pt13/γ-alumina model, in order to determine the intermediates, transition states and their free energies. The reaction mechanism was explored by assuming sequential C-H breaking steps. Reconstructions of the cluster and hydrogen migrations occur along the reaction pathway, highlighting its high fluctionality (also confirmed by molecular dynamics). Free energies of activation for C-H bond breaking, H migration and cluster’s reconstruction were systematically determined at T=625 K. The highest activation Gibbs free energy (ΔrG‡=95 kJ/mol) is found for the third C-H bond breaking on methyl-cyclohexene, while the most stable intermediate is the {toluene+H2} adsorbed product. However, other C-H bond breaking steps and eventually toluene desorption may compete. A comparison with the Pt (111) surface is also given. Rate constants of elementary steps estimated by DFT are introduced in 8 Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) kinetic models based on a single rate determining step (RDS) concept, or on a limiting steps sequence deduced from an energetic span analysis. We finally carried out experimental tests on Pt/γ-alumina catalysts (0.3 wt% Pt) at various temperatures, space times, hydrogen and methyl-cyclohexane partial pressures, to provide experimental kinetic data. The calculated apparent activation enthalpy is predicted to be 196 kJ/mol in close agreement with the experimental one (195 kJ/mol) for the best LH model (third C-H bond breaking as RDS). Moreover, the dependence of reaction rates on hydrogen and methyl-cyclohexane partial pressures are discussed with respect to experimental trends and models. Although the main trends are recovered by the kinetic model, some discrepancies are revealed. This work paves the way for a future microkinetic modeling
Laprune, David. "Application de catalyseurs encapsulés à base de nickel au réformage d’un gaz modèle issu de la gazéification de la biomasse." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1129/document.
Full textEurope is facing climate and energy challenges and aims at increasing the utilization of biomass in the production of renewable fuels. Many technological difficulties remain, for instance, biomass gasification produces a syngas rich in tars and H2S that can lead to catalyst poisoning in downstream reactors. Our goal was to develop stable catalysts that could fully reform producer gas. Nickel nanoparticles encapsulated inside hollow silicalite-1 single crystals were studied. The encapsulation was expected to limit particle sintering and coking under harsh reforming conditions. These particles could still sinter within each single crystal. The synthesis of a novel hollow structure ("multi-hollow", i.e. a single zeolite crystal with multiple mesoporous cavities) was developed. The size-exclusion of large aromatic compounds from the sample was demonstrated. This material also enabled improving the initial dispersion of metal nanoparticles. The sample activity was yet adversely affected by two main factors associated with the preparation steps, i.e. the formation of a silica over-layer and phosphorus-poisoning. During the reforming of a simulated producer gas, the silicalite-1 membrane could not prevent tar-related deactivation of embedded nickel particles, because those were cracked at typical reforming temperatures into smaller aromatic compounds, which could diffuse throughout the MFI-type layer. The preparation of Rh-based multi-hollow analogues could not be achieved. Alumina-supported Rh and Ni-based catalysts were then tested. H2S induced a large drop of the reforming activity and Rh catalysts were the least impacted by coking and S-poisoning. Methane reforming rate were proportional to the Rh metal surface area. The use of high reaction temperatures (>875°C) was shown to be necessary to limit deactivation by coking
Wei, Yaqian. "Production d'hydrogène à basse température par reformage à sec et reformage oxydant du méthane sur divers catalyseurs à base de nickel." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0033/document.
Full textIn order to develop a sustainable hydrogen economy, it is desirable to produce hydrogen from biogas (CH4 and CO2) or greenhouses gases (GHG). Dry reforming (DRM) and oxidative dry reforming of methane (ODRM) are promising routes to produce H2 and CO from GHG and have received much attention due environment concerns. Herein, these reactions were studied at low temperatures (600 -700 °C) over CeNiX(AlZ)OY, NiXMg2AlOY mixed oxides and Ni/SBA-15 supported catalysts. Various physico-chemical techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts, such as XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and Raman. The influences of different parameters were examined, such as reaction temperature, pretreatment in H2, Ni content, mass of catalyst and reactants concentration, in particular, at 600°C in harsh conditions (feed gases without dilution) on low mass of catalyst (10 mg). The best catalytic activity and selectivity are obtained on partially reduced catalysts at appropriate temperature. The addition of O2 increases CH4 conversion but decreases CO2 conversion, and O2/CH4 = 0.3 could be the optimized condition due to high activity, selectivity and low carbon formation. Finally, an active site involving Ni species in close interactions with other cations is proposed. It is related to a partially reduced catalyst involving anionic vacancies, O2- species, and cations, which is formed during the in situ H2 treatment or CH4 flow
BENSADDIK, ABDELTIF. "Etude structurale exafs en conditions reactionnelles de reduction, sulfuration et reformage des systemes industriels (pt et ptre)/al#2o#3-cl : relations avec l'activite catalytique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112098.
Full textCai, Weijie. "Production d'hydrogène par reformage de l'éthanol sur catalyseurs à base d'iridium et rhodium supportés sur cérine." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430733.
Full textDaoura, Oscar. "Towards anti-coking and anti-sintering Ni@Silica based catalysts for the dry reforming of methane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS679.
Full textDry reforming of methane is a process for the conversion of CH4 and CO2 into “syngas”, a gaseous mixture of H2 and CO (with a molar ratio value of 1) that can serve as feedstock for the production of liquid fuel by the mean of Fischer-Tropsch procedure. Nickel-based catalysts are promising candidates for this reaction displaying high activity, lower cost and wider availability than noble metal-based materials but deactivating by sintering and/or coke deposition. Stabilization of Ni0 nanoparticles within siliceous supports either by confinement and/or by improving their dispersion and interaction with the support are among the best and the less expensive methods to overcome the deactivation in dry reforming which represents the main objective for this work. Here, new stable nickel-based catalysts were synthesized, characterized and tested in dry reforming. Three main issues were examined: (i) Testing the efficiency of new mesoporous supports (mesocellular silica foams) using different nickel precursors (salt or colloidal form) incorporated by impregnations or pH adjustment assisted one-pot methods, (ii) designing highly dispersed nickel-based mesoporous monoliths through an original sol-gel method (iii) controlling the nickel size, dispersion and therefore its interaction with the support onto non-porous silica carriers by the mean of phyllosilicates. Monoliths of the SBA-15 type incorporating Ni0 by a one-pot method, and Ni0 obtained through the reduction of nickel phyllosilicates turned out to be the most stable and efficient catalysts
Araque, Marin Marcia Carolina. "Glycerol valorisation by catalytic steam reforming for hydrogen production." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/ARAQUE_MARIN_Marcia_Carolina_2011.pdf.
Full textThis work presents the H2 production by glycerol steam reforming (GSR) using as catalysts mixed fluorite-type oxides of Ce-Zr-(Ru/Rh) and Ce-Zr-Co-(Ru/Rh). The effect of the active phase (Ru, Rh, Co-Ru, Co-Rh), the amount of the noble metal (0. 5% wt, 1. 2 % wt), and the mass CeO2/ZrO2 ratio (0. 65/0. 35, 0. 8/0. 2, 0. 2/0. 8) were studied. The characterisation of the catalysts before test showed that the introduction noble metals favoured the redox properties of the mixed oxides by lowering the temperature of reduction. However only with the presence of Co and the noble metal the reducibility capacity of the mixed oxides increased (% Ce reduced). The redox properties were also enhanced by the higher amount of Ce in the mixed oxide. The presence of the noble metals (Ru/Rh) increases the catalytic activity and stability respect to Ce-Zr and Ce-Zr-Co catalysts. The increase in the amount of noble metal did not present a significant change but the increase in the Ce amount enhanced the stability and selectivity towards H2. The comparison between equivalent series of Ru and Rh catalysts shows that the Rh oxides exhibit a better catalytic behaviour. The catalyst with the best performance towards the production of H2 was the Ce-Zr-Co-Rh mixed oxide rich in cerium. Additional tests were performed using this catalyst and it was found that improvements of the process of GSR can be achieved by modification of the catalytic bed configuration (favour the steam reforming of glycerol decomposition by-products) and by the addition of low quantities of O2 to the reactant flow (improve carbon gasification and catalyst stability)
Maillet, Tony. "Oxydation d'hydrocarbures sur Pd et PdRh déposés sur Al2O3 et ZrO2 - caractérisation par échange 18 O2/16 O2 et par spectroscopie infrarouge de CO et de NO." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2261.
Full textIzquierdo, Colorado Armando. "Reforming of model biogas mixtures at moderate temperatures over Ni-containing catalysts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS147.
Full textThe increasing concern about the possible dramatic effects of greenhouse gases emissions to our atmosphere, is leading to propose sustainable alternatives, aiming either capture/storage or capture/utilization of CO2. Among the different technologies, dry reforming of methane has attracted much attention in the past decades because it consumes two of main greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and convert them into useful chemical building blocks. In this context, biogas is another CH4-rich source, containing also non-negligible amounts of CO2, therefore, it can be upgraded into hydrogen and/or synthesis gas, as a renewable carbon source for the synthesis of alternative and carbon-neutral liquid fuels. Nickel-containing catalysts have been considered for methane reforming and its partial oxidation. This is due to its high activity and low cost. However, the sintering and carbon formation, producing catalyst deactivation. Thus, this PhD research focuses on proposing new strategies towards increasing the activity, selectivity and stability of Nickel-containing catalysts for their application in the reforming of biogas model mixtures. These strategies include the use of different supports aiming at increasing their interaction with the active nickel-phase and improving its dispersion and stability. Moreover, different approaches for the deposition of this Ni-phase and its activation have been investigated. The results were correlated with multiple characterizations, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3 and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)