Journal articles on the topic 'Reformatory prison'

In the autumn of 1851, a group of philanthropists, magistrates, and prison officials sent out a circular inviting like-minded persons to a conference on ‘the Condition and Treatment of the “Perishing and Dangerous Classes” of Children and Juvenile Offenders.’ On December 9 and 10, this conference met in Birmingham and adopted a number of resolutions advocating that destitute and criminal children be sent to reformatory institutions instead of prison. It also appointed a committee to advance the reformatory cause, and this group subsequently presented the Birmingham Conference's resolutions to the Home Secretary (Sir George Grey).

This article explores the origins and nature of the reformatory in Cape colonial society between 1882 and 1910. Born in a period of economic transition, its concern was with the reproduction of a labouring population precipitated by colonial conquest. Unlike the prison and compound, which gained their distinctive character from the way in which they were articulated to an emerging industrial capitalist society, the reformatory was shaped by the imperatives of merchant capital and commercial agriculture. Although based on the English model, local social realities quickly began to mould the particular nature of the reformatory in the Cape Colony. Firstly, classification for the purposes of control came to mean segregation in a colonial context. secondly, the needs of commercial agriculture meant that in Porter there was a much greater stress on the apprenticing of inmates than there was in the internal operations of the British reformatory.

This article analyses the situation of a child placed in an isolation facility in the context of contemporary trends in treating children and adolescents by the judiciary and in educational and resocialisation facilities. The system of juvenile re-socialisation in Poland, regulated by the Act on Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings of 1982, covers children and adolescents in connection with their depravation or with committing a punishable offence and it provides for institutional educational measures and reformatory measures in the form of sending a minor to a juvenile detention centre. Although a prison sentence passed on minors is an exception to the rule of adjudicating educational and reformatory measures, according to international regulations, the category of juvenile imprisonment is broader than serving a sentence in prison. It is our intention to consider the situation of a child placed outside their home in an institution where they are exposed to confinement by a court or another administrative body.

In the 1850s, tens of thousands of children were imprisoned in Ireland. At that time there was a growing concern internationally that incarceration of children with adult criminals was inappropriate. This concern resulted in the passage of legislation in 1858 which facilitated the opening of reformatory schools in Ireland. By 1870, ten reformatories had opened, yet, as this article argues, three quarters of children given custodial sentences in that year were sent to prison and not to the new institutions. In the second half of the nineteenth century, there were attempts to improve conditions for children in prison; however, as the century drew to a close, there was a general agreement that any form of imprisonment was unsuitable for children. New laws, culminating in the Children Act of 1908, gradually brought about the removal of children from prisons, so that by 1912 there were only five children imprisoned in Ireland.

Human rights jurisprudence has greatly contributed to criminal reforms and has had an impact on India. Crime reforms across the globe also have an impact on India. The conceptualization with respect to penal reform originated in the reformist theory of punishment.[1] The time prison must have such meaning that enhances the values ​​of the reform in it. The reformer's appearance is about to add a sense of humanity in the system of criminal reformation and also to add the human values ​​into the system of prison and prison officials have to work to achieve it.[2] The level of protection guaranteed by the law for the reformatory therapy of prisoners must be carried out within a national legal framework and India does not have the same.

High prison occupancy – regardless of the type of violation – is a serious problem and a significant obstacle to reformatory, reintegrational, and educational work. Neither the negative side effects of imprisonment, nor the harmful effect of overcrowding are uniquely Hungarian, but according to Eurostat data on the prison population between 2015 and 2017, the highest level of prison overcrowding was observed in Hungary. What could be the reason for this? Are there any peculiarities that could serve as an explanation and that make domestic conditions so different? Can repressive criminal policy really be the cause, or strict sentencing practices, or new rules in the Criminal Code, such as mid-scale sentencing? Or will the change in civic attitudes and the associated criminal policy affect professionals? Is it that public security is becoming a political issue? Maybe historical roots or other objective reasons (such as the nature of the buildings) lead us here? This study seeks answers to this situation.

Speedwell Military Hospital was a hospital for veterans of the Canadian Expeditionary Force located in the newly-built Ontario Reformatory in Guelph. Speedwell was part of a nation-wide program administered by the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-Establishment (DSCR) during the First World War intended to neutralize some of the social dangers associated with demobilization. As the health of individual veterans at Speedwell became closely associated with the nation’s economic strength, the ultimate goal of hospitals like Speedwell was the transformation of sick and wounded veterans into healthy and productive workers. However, as the needs of patients changed after the war, the initial promise of Speedwell as a site of rehabilitative labour made it clearly unsuitable for veterans in need of long-term convalescence care.

This article argues in favour of ‘coercive confinement’ as a useful addition to the criminological lexicon. It suggests that to properly understand a country’s level of punitiveness requires consideration of a range of institutions that fall outside the remit of the formal criminal justice system. It also requires a generous longitudinal focus. Using Ireland as a case study, such an approach reveals that since the foundation of the state, the prison has gradually become ascendant. This might be read to imply a punitive turn. But when a broader view is taken to include involuntary detention in psychiatric hospitals, confinement in Magdalen homes and mother and baby homes, and detention in industrial and reformatory schools, the trajectory is strongly downward. This might be read to imply a national programme of decarceration. (In recent years, asylum seekers have been held in congregate settings that are experienced as prison-like and they must be factored into the analysis.) While some of these institutions may have been used with peculiar enthusiasm in Ireland, none are Irish inventions. It would be profitable to extend the idea of ‘coercive confinement’ to other nations with a view to adding some necessary nuance to our understanding of the reach and grip of the carceral state.

Статья посвящена изучению религиозных истоков системы одиночного тюремного содержания нового типа, возникшей в Великобритании и США в конце XVIII – начале XIX в. Эпоха Просвещения привела к радикальным изменениям в системе уголовного правосудия. Этот период принято считать началом «эры карательной сдержанности»: постепенное законодательное ограничение санкций в виде смертной казни привело к качественным изменениям всей системы уголовных наказаний. Английские протестанты впервые предложили рассматривать наказание как средство перевоспитания осужденного в условиях одиночного заключения. Идеальной моделью реформатория стал образ «кита Ионы» как места и обстоятельства, когда грешник, преступивший закон, сможет установить невероятное соединение с Господом, покаяться и получить искупление. Исход такой теологии – надежда на то, что Бог позволит «вырваться из тюрьмы измененной личностью». This article is devoted to the study of the religious origins of the modern prison system of solitary confinement, that was developed in the UK and the USA in the late XVIII – early XIX century. The period of the Enlightenment led to radical changes in the system of criminal justice. This period is considered to be “the era of punitive restraint”: gradual legislative restrictions put on such sanctions as death penalty led to qualitative changes in the entire system of criminal penalties as a whole. Religious principles of the Protestants expressed in the model of solitary confinement. The ideal model of the reformatory was the image of the “Jonah’s Whale” as a place and circumstance when the sinner (prisoner) was able to establish an incredible connection with God, to repent and atone for his crimes. The outcome of this theology was the hope that God would break out of prison “the reborn identity”.

This article will examine the unique power structure that governed the lives of inmates of Ireland's borstal institution from its foundation in 1906 until the end of British rule in 1921. The borstal system was developed at the close of the nineteenth century at a time when penal administrators were searching for new and more enlightened modes of detention. Reform became something of a catchphrase and the borstal was one of two approaches, the other being the inebriate reformatory system that captured the imagination of Home Office officials. During this time there was a transition of leadership in the British penal system as those who subscribed to the more outdated idea of imprisonment without reform were replaced with more enlightened idealists. Borstal offenders in Ireland and Britain were subjected to an authoritarian structure unlike that experienced by prisoners within mainstream institutions of the penal systems in both countries. The division of power involved a three-way process in Clonmel borstal between 1906 and 1921. Three different but inextricably linked bodies, the General Prisons Board (G.P.B.), the institutional management, and the aftercare body, the Borstal Association of Ireland (B.A.I.), cooperated in a type of alliance with the aim of bringing about the reform of the juvenile-adult offender. Ultimate power rested in the hands of G.P.B. administrators but it is clear that governors, warders and aftercare officials had considerable influence in the decision-making process.

This article addresses one of the many issues of Nigerian prisons conditions utilizing helpful equity activity against the conventional criminal equity framework, which puts much accentuation on the awaiting trials and the accused person in the prison facilities and subsequently making prison population to increase. The re-integrative Rehabilitation theory was utilized to support the discussion. Logically, to reestablish equity is to correct offenders and degenerates, and re-set up and revivify repelled connections and breakdown of law and order in society. Rehabilitation is a developing non-caretaker, non-reformatory and humanistic procedure for the treatment not punishment of offenders without recourse to legal battle that often results in remanding one party in prison custody. Considering the encompassing merits of rehabilitation justice, there is an urgent need to officially integrate this alternative to incarceration intervention programme into the Nigerian legal system, as this will go a long way in decongesting the seemingly overpopulated correctional institutions in Nigeria. The rehabilitation/restorative justice facilitators, victims and their families, offenders and their families, and ‘community’ as a sole owner of every individual living in it, collectively strive to restore justice, order, security, property, and core values in Nigeria.

Building on recent feminist scholarship on the complicity of feminist antiviolence movements in the build-up of mass incarceration, this essay analyzes the epistemic occupation of feminist antiviolence work by carceral logic, taking the Gender-Responsive Justice and Community Accountability movements as countervailing examples. Both strategies claim to be a feminist response to violence. Gender-Responsive Justice arises from feminist criminology and has genealogical roots in the American prison reformatory movement. Community Accountability stems from grassroots intersectional and decolonial feminisms that are fundamentally at odds with the professionalization and state-centrism of the mainstream antiviolence movement. We argue that Gender-Responsive Justice is a form of carceral humanism that repackages carceral control as the caring provision of social services, while Community Accountability advances a radically creative abolitionist and decolonial project of an irreducibly epistemological order.

The object of study is a domestic penitentiary system in the late XIX – early XX century. The subject is a study of the process happened with the educational work transformation in the Russian prisons of the stated period. The penal correction system is an important component of the government apparatus. It imposes sanctions established by the court for criminal offence. In this article the author compares methods, used in prisons, of the implementation of cultural and educational activities in the Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in the early XX century. It should be noted that the change of approaches to the penitentiary system had not been implemented revolutionary, but in a reformatory way since the middle of the XIX century. In order to identify the common features and peculiarities of each system, the author has carried out a comparative analysis of the main regulatory legal acts that controll the entire process of enduring the sentence, including educational activities in places of imprisonment. If in the tsarist period most of the educational work had a religious orientation, then in Soviet prisons prisoners could acquire a certain working profession, which would allow them to socialize in the society. The author demonstrates continuity of the educational work aimed at reeducation of prisoners in the Russian prisons of the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary period. This article will be of interest for the researchers engaged in the study of the domestic penitentiary system in the late XIX – early XX century.

Raziskava osvetljuje življenje in delo teologa in literarnega zgodovinarja Jožeta Rajhmana, ki je v drugi polovici 20. stoletja zaznamoval slovenski prostor z duhovno vzgojo velikega števila duhovnikov mariborske škofije, bil predavatelj duhovne in pastoralne teologije na Teološki fakulteti z Oddelkom v Mariboru, predvsem pa je v svojem raziskovalnem delu izjemno prispeval k osvetlitvi dela in življenja slovenskega reformatorja Primoža Trubarja. Zaradi obsežnega opusa avtorja je prikazan le del teološkega opusa in nekoliko obširneje njegovo literarnozgodovinsko delo, ki pa je neločljivo vezano na teološke raziskave slovenskega protestantizma v 16. stoletju. Rajhman predstavlja del ožjega vodstva oživljenega mariborskega bogoslovja izpred 50 let, z delom na področju slovenske protestantike pa spada med pomembnejše ekumenske delavce na Slovenskem v drugi polovici 20. stoletja.

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(Christoph Mauntel, Tübingen) Dokumente zur Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches und seiner Verfassung 1360, bearb. v. Ulrike Hohensee / Mathias Lawo / Michael Lindner / Olaf B. Rader (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum, 13.1), Wiesbaden 2016, Harrassowitz, L u. 414 S., € 120,00. (Martin Bauch, Leipzig) Dokumente zur Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches und seiner Verfassung 1361, bearb. v. Ulrike Hohensee / Mathias Lawo / Michael Lindner / Olaf B. Rader (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum, 13.2), Wiesbaden 2017, Harrassowitz, VI u. 538 S. (S. 415 – 952), € 140,00. (Martin Bauch, Leipzig) Forcher, Michael / Christoph Haidacher (Hrsg.), Kaiser Maximilian I. Tirol. Österreich. Europa. 1459 – 1519, Innsbruck / Wien 2018, Haymon Verlag, 215 S. / Abb., € 34,90. (Jörg Schwarz, Innsbruck) Weiss, Sabine, Maximilian I. 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Eine Untersuchung zu Wirtschaftsstil und Wirtschaftskultur einer geistlichen Gemeinschaft (Schriften zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 35), Hamburg 2020, Dr. Kovaç, 530 S. / graph. Darst., € 139,80. (Maria Weber, München) Fuchs, Gero, Gewinn als Umbruch der Ordnung? Der Fall des Siegburger Töpfers Peter Knütgen im 16. Jahrhundert (Rechtsordnung und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 19), Tübingen 2019, Mohr Siebeck, XIII u. 195 S. / Abb., € 59,00. (Anke Sczesny, Augsburg) Lotito, Mark A., The Reformation of Historical Thought (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, XX u. 542 S. / Abb., € 160,00. (Andreas Bihrer, Kiel) Georg III. von Anhalt, Abendmahlsschriften, hrsg. v. Tobias Jammerthal / David B. Janssen (Anhalt‍[er]‌kenntnisse), Leipzig 2019, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 440 S., € 48,00. (Eike Wolgast, Heidelberg) Bauer, Stefan, The Invention of Papal History. 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Die Vorträge der Tagung des Instituts für kunst- und musikhistorische Forschungen der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, des Niederösterreichischen Instituts für Landeskunde und des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung der Universität Wien, Krems, 28. bis 29. Oktober 2016 (Studien und Forschungen aus dem Niederösterreichischen Institut für Landeskunde, 71), St. Pölten 2018, Verlag Niederösterreichisches Institut für Landeskunde, 432 S. / Abb., € 25,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Die „litterae annuae“ der Gesellschaft Jesu von Otterndorf (1713 bis 1730) und von Stade (1629 bis 1631), hrsg. v. Christoph Flucke / Martin J. Schröter, Münster 2020, Aschendorff, 154 S. / Abb., € 24,90. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Como, David R., Radical Parliamentarians and the English Civil War, Oxford 2018, Oxford University Press, XV u. 457 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Torsten Riotte, Frankfurt a. M.) Corens, Liesbeth, Confessional Mobility and English Catholics in Counter-Reformation Europe, Oxford / New York 2019, Oxford University Press, XII u. 240 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Ulrich Niggemann, Augsburg) Asche, Matthias / Marco Kollenberg / Antje Zeiger (Hrsg.), Halb Europa in Brandenburg. Der Dreißigjährige Krieg und seine Folgen, Berlin 2020, Lukas, 244 S. / Abb., € 20,00. (Michael Rohrschneider, Bonn) Fiedler, Beate-Christine / Christine van den Heuvel (Hrsg.), Friedensordnung und machtpolitische Rivalitäten. Die schwedischen Besitzungen in Niedersachsen im europäischen Kontext zwischen 1648 und 1721 (Veröffentlichungen des Niedersächsischen Landesarchivs, 3), Göttingen 2019, Wallstein, 375 S. / Abb., € 29,90. (Niels Petersen, Göttingen) Prokosch, Michael, Das älteste Bürgerbuch der Stadt Linz (1658 – 1707). Edition und Auswertung (Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 18), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 308 S. / Abb., € 50,00. (Beate Kusche, Leipzig) Häberlein, Mark / Helmut Glück (Hrsg.), Matthias Kramer. Ein Nürnberger Sprachmeister der Barockzeit mit gesamteuropäischer Wirkung (Schriften der Matthias-Kramer-Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Geschichte des Fremdsprachenerwerbs und der Mehrsprachigkeit, 3), Bamberg 2019, University of Bamberg Press, 221 S. / Abb., € 22,00. (Helga Meise, Reims) Herz, Silke, Königin Christiane Eberhardine – Pracht im Dienste der Staatsraison. Kunst, Raum und Zeremoniell am Hof der Frau Augusts des Starken (Schriften zur Residenzkultur 12), Berlin 2020, Lukas Verlag, 669 S. / Abb., € 70,00. (Katrin Keller, Wien) Schaad, Martin, Der Hochverrat des Amtmanns Povel Juel. Ein mikrohistorischer Streifzug durch Europas Norden der Frühen Neuzeit (Histoire, 176), Bielefeld 2020, transcript, 249 S., € 39,00. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Overhoff, Jürgen, Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724 – 1790). Aufklärer, Pädagoge, Menschenfreund. Eine Biografie (Hamburgische Lebensbilder, 25), Göttingen 2020, Wallstein, 200 S. / Abb., € 16,00. (Mark-Georg Dehrmann, Berlin) Augustynowicz, Christoph / Johannes Frimmel (Hrsg.), Der Buchdrucker Maria Theresias. Johann Thomas Trattner (1719 – 1798) und sein Medienimperium (Buchforschung, 10), Wiesbaden 2019, Harrassowitz, 173 S. / Abb., € 54,00. (Mona Garloff, Innsbruck) Beckus, Paul, Land ohne Herr – Fürst ohne Hof? Friedrich August von Anhalt-Zerbst und sein Fürstentum (Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Sachsen-Anhalts, 15), Halle 2018, Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 604 S. / Abb., € 54,00. (Michael Hecht, Halle) Whatmore, Richard, Terrorists, Anarchists and Republicans. The Genevans and the Irish in Time of Revolution, Princeton / Oxford, Princeton University Press 2019, XXIX u. 478 S. / Abb., £ 34,00. (Ronald G. Asch, Freiburg i. Br.) Elster, Jon, France before 1789. The Unraveling of an Absolutist Regime, Princeton / Oxford 2020, Princeton University Press, XI u. 263 S. / graph. Darst., £ 34,00. (Lars Behrisch, Utrecht) Hellmann, Johanna, Marie Antoinette in Versailles. Politik, Patronage und Projektionen, Münster 2020, Aschendorff, X u. 402 S. / Abb., € 57,00. (Pauline Puppel, Berlin) Müchler, Günter, Napoleon. Revolutionär auf dem Kaiserthron, Darmstadt 2019, wbg Theiss, 622 S. / Abb., € 24,00. (Hans-Ulrich Thamer, Münster) Prietzel, Sven, Friedensvollziehung und Souveränitätswahrung. Preußen und die Folgen des Tilsiter Friedens 1807 – 1810 (Quellen und Forschungen zur Brandenburgischen und Preußischen Geschichte, 53), Berlin 2020, Duncker & Humblot, 408 S., € 99,90. (Nadja Ackermann, Bern) Christoph, Andreas (Hrsg.), Kartieren um 1800 (Laboratorium Aufklärung, 19), Paderborn 2019, Fink, 191 S. / Abb., € 69,00. (Michael Busch, Rostock / Schwerin)