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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refraction effects

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Academic literature on the topic 'Refraction effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refraction effects"

1

Jiang, Ping, Kang Xie, Huajun Yang, and Zhenhai Wu. "Negative Propagation Effects in Two-Dimensional Silicon Photonic Crystals." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/702637.

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We demonstrated negative refraction effects of light propagating in two-dimensional square and hexagonal-lattice silicon photonic crystals (PhCs). The plane wave expansion method was used to solve the complex eigenvalue problems, as well as to find dispersion curves and equal-frequency contour (EFC). The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used to simulate and visualize electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in the PhCs. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations are presented. Two different kinds of negative refractions, namely, all-angle negative refraction (AANR) without a negative index and negative refraction with effective negative index, have been verified and compared.

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Wang, Lei, Ming Wei, Tao Yang, and Ping Liu. "Effects of Atmospheric Refraction on an Airborne Weather Radar Detection and Correction Method." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/407867.

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This study investigates the effect of atmospheric refraction, affected by temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, on airborne weather radar beam paths. Using three types of typical atmospheric background sounding data, we established a simulation model for an actual transmission path and a fitted correction path of an airborne weather radar beam during airplane take-offs and landings based on initial flight parameters and X-band airborne phased-array weather radar parameters. Errors in an ideal electromagnetic beam propagation path are much greater than those of a fitted path when atmospheric refraction is not considered. The rates of change in the atmospheric refraction index differ with weather conditions and the radar detection angles differ during airplane take-off and landing. Therefore, the airborne radar detection path must be revised in real time according to the specific sounding data and flight parameters. However, an error analysis indicates that a direct linear-fitting method produces significant errors in a negatively refractive atmosphere; a piecewise-fitting method can be adopted to revise the paths according to the actual atmospheric structure. This study provides researchers and practitioners in the aeronautics and astronautics field with updated information regarding the effect of atmospheric refraction on airborne weather radar detection and correction methods.

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Breznikar, Aleš, and Česlovas Aksamitauskas. "ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS IN GEODETIC LEVELLING." Geodesy and Cartography 38, no. 4 (December 21, 2012): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.755333.

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The knowledge of physical processes and changes in the atmosphere is essential when addressing the fundamental problem, i.e. the accuracy of geodetic measurements. In levelling operations, all these changes are explained as the effect of refraction, which systematically distorts the results of levelling. Different ways of addressing the effect of refraction are represented based on the modelling of the vertical temperature gradient as the quantity that has the most influence on the refraction phenomenon.

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Zareei, Athar, Milad Abdolahian, and Shahram Bamdad. "Cycloplegic Effects on the Cylindrical Components of the Refraction." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (April 2, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810782.

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It is important to predict which astigmatic patients require separate refraction for near vision. This study compared cylindrical components changes by cyclopentolate 1% for the low and high amount of astigmatism. The right eyes of 1014 healthy individuals (307 males and 707 females) with cylindrical refractive power more than −0.5 diopter on autorefractometer were selected. Both male and female patients in the age range of 17–45 years were refracted before and after cycloplegia, using 1% cyclopentolate. All volunteers were classified into 2 subgroups including the lower astigmatism group (−2.25 to −0.50) and the higher astigmatic group (−2.50 to over). Alpines’ method was used to compare the effect of cycloplegic drop on cylindrical power. The mean age in the lower astigmatism group (29.58; 95% CI: 29.18 to 29.99 years) was not significantly different from the higher astigmatic group (29.85; 95% CI: 29.07 to 30.62) and there were no significant differences in gender between these two groups (P=0.54). Differences between wet and dry refraction in J0 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.008) and J45 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.01) were significant only in the higher astigmatic group. Axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the lower astigmatism group were 3.51 (CI: 3.22 to 3.81) and axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the higher astigmatism group were 2.21 (CI: 1.73 to 2.49). In patients with a lower amount of astigmatism (−2.25 to −0.50), additional near subjective refraction could be done for precise determination of axis and in patients with a higher amount of astigmatism (−2.50 to over), near subjective refraction might be done for precise determination of power.

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Palmer, Derecke. "Imaging refractors with the convolution section." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 5 (September 2001): 1582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487103.

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Seismic refraction data are characterized by large moveouts between adjacent traces and large amplitude variations across the refraction spread. The moveouts are the result of the predominantly horizontally traveling trajectories of refraction signals, whereas the amplitude variations are the result of the rapid geometric spreading factor, which is at least the reciprocal of the distance squared. The large range of refraction amplitudes produces considerable variation in signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios. Inversion methods which use traveltimes only, employ data with a wide range of accuracies, which are related to the variations in the S/N ratios. The time section, generated by convolving forward and reverse seismic traces, addresses both issues of large moveouts and large amplitude variations. The addition of the phase spectra with convolution effectively adds the forward and reverse traveltimes. The convolution section shows the structural features of the refractor, without the moveouts related to the source‐to‐detector distances. Unlike the application of a linear moveout correction or reduction, a measure of the refractor wavespeed is not required beforehand. The multiplication of the amplitude spectra with convolution, compensates for the effects of geometric spreading and dipping interfaces to a good first approximation, and it is sufficient to facilitate recognition of amplitude variations related to geologic causes. These amplitude effects are not as easily recognized in the shot records. The convolution section can be generated very rapidly from shot records without a detailed knowledge of the wavespeeds in either the refractor or the overburden.

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DeMajistre, R., D. E. Anderson, S. Lloyd, P. K. Swaminathan, and S. Zasadil. "Effects of refraction on photochemical calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, no. D9 (1995): 18817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jd01836.

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Dodson, A. H., and M. Zaher. "REFRACTION EFFECTS ON VERTICAL ANGLE MEASUREMENTS." Survey Review 28, no. 217 (July 1985): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.1985.28.217.169.

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Illiffe, J. C., and A. H. Dodson. "REFRACTION EFFECTS ON PRECISE EDM OBSERVATIONS." Survey Review 29, no. 226 (October 1987): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.1987.29.226.181.

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Kurzyńska, Krystyna. "Local effects in pure astronomical refraction." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 309, no. 1 (1988): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113090115.

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Giulietti, D. "Refraction effects in laser-plasma interaction." Optics Communications 68, no. 6 (November 1988): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(88)90240-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refraction effects"

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Davison, M. "Refraction effects in precise surveying measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378767.

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El-Aassar, Ahmed. "MODELING OF ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION EFFECTS ON TRAFFIC NOISE PROPAGATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3804.

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Traffic noise has been shown to have negative effects on exposed persons in the communities along highways. Noise from transportation systems is considered a nuisance in the U.S. and the government agencies require a determination of noise impacts for federally funded projects. There are several models available for assessing noise levels impacts. These models vary from simple charts to computer design models. Some computer models, i.e. Standard Method In Noise Analysis (STAMINA), the Traffic Noise Model (TNM) and the UCF Community Noise Model (CNM), have been used to predict geometric spreading, atmospheric absorption, diffraction, and ground impedance. However, they have largely neglected the atmospheric effects on noise propagation in their algorithms. The purpose of this research was to better understand and predict the meteorological effects on traffic noise propagation though measurements and comparison to acoustic theory. It should be noted that this represents an approach to incorporate refraction algorithms affecting outdoor noise propagation that must also work with algorithms for geometric spreading, ground effects, diffraction, and turbulence. The new empirical model for predicting atmospheric refraction shows that wind direction is a significant parameter and should be included in future modeling for atmospheric refraction. To accomplish this, the model includes a "wind shear" and "lapse rate" terms instead of wind speed and temperature as previously needed for input of the most used models. The model is an attempt to explain atmospheric refraction by including the parameters of wind direction, wind shear, and lapse rate that directly affect atmospheric refraction.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering

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Christiaans, Johan. "Investigation of refraction effects for small GPS networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18308.

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Using observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to determine a three dimensional (3-D) geodetic control network are considered. The repeatability of individual baselines and 3-D vector closures are examined, in order to investigate refraction effects on GPS networks. The effect on GPS baselines of a height bias in the reference point's coordinates is also investigated. A least squares adjustment program is developed and used to obtain a single consistent set of 3-D coordinates for the Tygerberg Test Network (TTN). The results of two GPS processing packages are compared by means of a conformal transformation. It is concluded that single frequency measurements produce better results than the ionospheric free observable on short baselines. Furthermore, a standard atmospheric model shows an improvement over the Marini model to account for tropospheric refraction.

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Oh, Chang Yul, Hyo Keun Lee, and Seung Hyeub Oh. "Refraction Effects for Tracking Error at C- & S-Band Frequencies." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605934.

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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
This document is focused on the examination of the tracking angular error due to the radio refraction for the target in low altitude of less than 5km and in low elevation angle. The real measured data using the GPS and the tracking systems of C- and S-band frequency in NARO Space centre, Korea are used for the analysis. The analysis shows couple of conclusions on the radio refraction effects; there are angular errors due to the radio refraction which is not to be neglected comparing the accuracy of the tracking system but to be considered for the precise measurement of the target position. Also, the refraction errors are dependent on the target altitude, but not on the frequency.

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Xiradakis, Pavlos. "The refractive effects of laser propagation through the ocean and within the ocean." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FXiradakis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Walters, Donald. Second Reader: Borden, Brett. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Ocean waves, Laser Scattering, Absorption, Refraction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55). Also available in print.

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Padmabandu, Gamaralalage Gunasiri 1956. "Angular momentum of light and its mechanical effects on a birefringent medium." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276914.

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The torque exerted by a beam of polarized light on a half-wave plate which alters its state of polarization is calculated for several laser wavelengths and intensities using electromagnetic theory. The second-order torque that arises through the nonlinear interaction is formulated and the numerical values are calculated for the 42m crystal class. The experiment used to detect the existence of the torque is reviewed and a demonstration experiment is suggested.

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Sen, Ashok Kumar. "Removing near-surface effects in seismic data : application for determination of faults in the Coastal Plain sediments /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020215/.

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Bricker, David A. "Analysis of Joint Effects of Refraction and Turbulence on Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1386973427.

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Öhlund, Olof. "Wind Turbine Sound Propagation in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224205.

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Wind turbines have grown both in size and number in the past decades. The taller turbines has made it possible to place them in forest areas which is fortunate for a country like Sweden with lots of forest. An issue with wind turbines is the sound they produce. The sound mainly comes from the rotor blades when they pass through the air. The sound heard some distance away from the turbine is sometimes masked by ambient background noise such as wind induced sound in the vegetation, but this is not always the case. Noise concerns among some people living in the vicinity of wind turbines are sometimes raised. Sound propagation models are used to predict the wind turbine sound level at certain distance. It is important that these models are accurate. Sound propagation is greatly influenced by the meteorological conditions. These conditions change over the day and year and vary a lot depending on the terrain conditions. In the past, large meteorological propagation effects have been found for sound sources close to the ground. Higher elevated sources like wind turbines have not been studied as much. One reason for this is that wind turbines are a relatively new sound source. In this thesis the meteorological influence on the wind turbine sound propagation is studied. Continuous simultaneous acoustic and meteorological measurements are performed at two different wind turbine sites during two years to capture all variations in the weather. The two sites are covered by forest, one is flat and the other has shifting terrain. The sites are representative for many locations in Sweden and around the world. The differences between the measured and expected wind turbine sound levels are established for different meteorological categories. The median of all deviations within each meteorological category is then compared. During no snow cover conditions the variation of the median under different meteorological conditions is 6 dBA and during snow cover the variation of the median is 14 dBA. The variations are due to the combined effect of refraction, ground conditions and terrain shape. The deviations from an expected value are seen for all octave bands from 63 Hz to 1000 Hz but are found to most distinct at low frequencies of around 125Hz. Meteorological effects starts to be important somewhere between 400 m and 1000 m from wind turbines.The characteristic "swish" sound from wind turbines are also studied in this thesis. The swish sound or as it is also called, the amplitude modulated sound, is found to be more common under some meteorological conditions such as temperature inversions and downwind conditions. A metric for detection of amplitude modulation duration and strength is proposed. Amplitude modulation, is according to some, the reason why wind turbine sound is perceived as more annoying than other typical environmental sounds at the same sound level. The swishes probably increase the probability to hear the wind turbine sound in presence of other background noise.

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Zeried, Ferial M. "Effects of optical blur on visual performance and comfort of computer users." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/zeried.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Refraction effects"

1

Christopher, Donald Allan. The effects of refraction and system constants on Doppler ultrasound blood velocity measurements. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Siegel, R. Effects of refractive index and diffuse or specular boundaries on a radiating isothermal layer. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Siegel, R. Effects of refractive index and diffuse or specular boundaries on a radiating isothermal layer. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Latham, Chris. Determination of the effects of fruit acids on sucrose by HPLC and refractive index detection. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 1998.

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Gimbel, Howard V. LASIK complications: Prevention and management. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 1999.

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Joo, Kyung Ro. Effects of variation of index of refraction of atmosphere on Cerenkov radiation. 1985.

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Analyzing the Effects of Meteorology on Radar Measured Index of Refraction Structure Parameter. Storming Media, 2001.

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Center, Naval Ocean Systems. Ereps: Engineer's Refraction Effects Prediction System Software and Users Manual (Radar Software Library). Artech House Publishers, 1990.

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Refractive Condition in the Caribbean Sea and Its Effects on Radar Systems. Storming Media, 1998.

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Sturman, Paul J. Photovoltaic and Photo-refractive Effects in Noncentrosymmetric Materials (Ferroelectricity and Related Phenomena). CRC, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refraction effects"

1

Rawer, Karl. "Some effects of refraction." In Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere, 19–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3665-7_3.

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Mojahedi, Mohammad, and George V. Eleftheriades. "Dispersion Engineering: The Use of Abnormal Velocities and Negative Index of Refraction to Control Dispersive Effects." In Negative-Refraction Metamaterials, 381–411. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471744751.ch10.

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Shadrivov, Ilya V., and Yuri S. Kivshar. "Nonlinear Effects in Left-Handed Metamaterials." In Physics of Negative Refraction and Negative Index Materials, 331–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72132-1_12.

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Verbiest, Frank, Marc Proesmans, and Luc Van Gool. "Modeling the Effects of Windshield Refraction for Camera Calibration." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 397–412. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58539-6_24.

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Rokhlin, S. I., T. K. Bolland, and L. Adler. "Effects of Reflection and Refraction of Ultrasonic Waves on the Angle Beam Inspection of Anisotropic Composite Material." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1103–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1893-4_126.

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Takayama, Toru, and Yoshiro Matsumoto. "Effects of Refraction and Reflection on Analysis of Thin Films by the Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Method." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 109–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9996-4_12.

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Martins, E., and D. S. Urch. "Problems in the Use of Multilayers for Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy and Analysis: A Comparison of Theoretically and Experimentally Determined Refraction Effects." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 1069–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3460-0_46.

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Batsanov, Stepan S., Evgeny D. Ruchkin, and Inga A. Poroshina. "Anisotropy, Dispersion, Theory and Structural Effects." In Refractive Indices of Solids, 3–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0797-2_1.

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Wei, Jingsong. "Nanoscale Spot Formation Through Nonlinear Refraction Effect." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 107–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44488-7_5.

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Kašpar, M., and J. Pospíšil. "Effect of Refraction on Laser Alignment Method." In Laser/Optoelektronik in der Technik / Laser/Optoelectronics in Engineering, 256–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48372-1_52.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refraction effects"

1

Claverie, J., and D. Dion. "Refraction effects and wavelength dependence." In Remote Sensing, edited by Anton Kohnle and Karin Stein. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.688305.

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Schejbal, Vladimir. "Refraction effects for propagation over terrain." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory (MMET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmet.2016.7544096.

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Henry, Cyprien, Christophe Bailly, and Guillaume Bodard. "Statistical Modeling of BBSAN Including Refraction Effects." In 18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2163.

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Heath, Stephanie, Gerry McAninch, Charles Smith, and David Conner. "Validation of Ray Tracing Code Refraction Effects." In 14th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (29th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2994.

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Bui, Thanh, Matthias Meinke, and Wolfgang Schröder. "Acoustic Refraction Effects in Turbulent Reacting Flows." In 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (30th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3307.

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H. Seisa, H. "Lateral Effects Problem in Shallow Refraction Seismic Interpretation." In 60th EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201408186.

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de Jong, Arie N. "Refraction effects of atmospheric inhomogeneities along the path." In Remote Sensing, edited by John D. Gonglewski and Karin Stein. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.515085.

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Tam, Christopher, Laurent Auriault, Christopher Tam, and Laurent Auriault. "Computation of mean flow refraction effects on jet noise." In 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1599.

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Kanemori, T., Finn B. Michelsen, and John H. Mims. "Effects Of Acquisition System Parameters On Refraction Survey Data." In 5th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.210.1992_023.

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Kanemori, T., Finn B. Michelsen, and John H. Mims. "Effects of Acquisition System Parameters on Refraction Survey Data." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1992. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2921950.

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Reports on the topic "Refraction effects"

1

Doerry, Armin. Earth curvature and atmospheric refraction effects on radar signal propagation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088060.

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Friehe, Carl A. Refractive Index Effects in the Marine Boundary Layer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627347.

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Tofsted, David H. Turbulence Simulation: Outer Scale Effects on the Refractive Index Spectrum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384900.

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Hitney, H. V., A. E. Barrios, and G. E. Lindem. Engineer's Refractive Effects Prediction System (EREPS) Revision 1.00 User's Manual. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203443.

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Wang, G., T. L. Rhodes, W. A. Peebles, R. W. Harvey, and R. V. Budny. Refractive and Relativistic Effects on ITER Low Field Side Reflectometer Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981716.

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Siegman, G. I. Intensity Dependent Refractive Index Effects in Optical Fibers and Thin Films. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253231.

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Bolton, P. R., A. B. Ritchie, and R. E. Stewart. Propagation of intense, ultrashort laser pulses through metal vapor: Refractive intensity limits and spectral effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172393.

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Patterson, W. L. Effective Use of the Electromagnetic Products of TESS (Tactical Environmental Support System) and IREPS (Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada204683.

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