Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refractoriness under load

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  2. Dissertations / Theses

Academic literature on the topic 'Refractoriness under load'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refractoriness under load"

1

Chudíková, D., Ratislav Hirjak, V. Mišaneková, V. Petrov, Radomir Šimko, Jan Derďák, and M. Piroško. "Insulation Refractory Materials with Higher Refractoriness under Load." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 67, no. 6 (October 2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42411-018-0055-7.

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2

Calkins, H., W. L. Maughan, D. A. Kass, K. Sagawa, and J. H. Levine. "Electrophysiological effect of volume load in isolated canine hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): H1697—H1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.6.h1697.

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In isolated isovolumic ventricles and in in situ ventricles under nonsteady-state conditions, alterations in load have been shown to affect electrophysiological properties via contraction-excitation feedback. However, the effect of alterations in loading conditions on electrophysiological properties in normal ventricles under physiological loading conditions remains unknown. Furthermore, the arrhythmogenic significance of these load-induced electrophysiological changes is uncertain. We increased end-diastolic volume (27 +/- 4 ml vs. 51 +/- 6 ml) and assessed conduction, refractoriness, ventricular fibrillation thresholds (VFTs), and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias in 14 isolated blood-perfused ejecting canine ventricles under steady-state conditions. We also examined the effect of increased end-diastolic volume on refractoriness and monophasic action potential (MAP) duration and contour under isovolumic versus ejecting conditions. Under ejecting conditions, increased end-diastolic volume resulted in very small (less than 1.5%) changes in the absolute refractory period (10 mA) and in local activation time but no change in local electrogram duration, overall dispersion of refractoriness, MAP duration or contour, VFT, or inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. Increased volume loading under isovolumic conditions resulted in a very slight (less than 1%) shortening of MAP duration and refractoriness but had no effect on the MAP contour. These findings provide strong evidence that alterations in volume load are of little electrophysiological or arrhythmogenic importance in normal canine ventricles under physiologically loaded conditions (contraction-excitation feedback, load and arrhythmias, volume load).
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Nguyen, Martin, and Radomír Sokolař. "Utilization of Fly Ash in the Synthesis of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics." Solid State Phenomena 321 (July 26, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.321.131.

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Forsterite refractory ceramics is utilized in the metallurgical and cement industries as a lining of metallurgical furnaces and rotary kilns for its high refractoriness up to 1850°C and refractoriness under load above 1600°C. Another significant property of forsterite is its coefficient of linear thermal expansion utilized in the electrotechnical industry for ceramic-metal joints. Addition of aluminium oxide into the raw material mixture results in creation of magnesium-alumina spinel (MgO·Al2O3) which improves sintering, thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties in comparison with pure forsterite ceramics. Inexpensive source of aluminium oxide is fly ash. Utilization of fly ash, secondary energetic product of coal-burning power plants, is important for the environment and sustainable development. This paper evaluated properties of fly ash-based forsterite-spinel ceramics in comparison with alumina-based forsterite-spinel ceramics. Forsterite-spinel ceramics was synthesized from olivine, calcined magnesite and fly ash/alumina powders. XRD analysis was used to determine mineralogical composition, thermal analyses were used to determine the behaviour during firing and scanning electron microscopy to determine the morphology of crystal phases. Refractoriness of pyrometric cones, refractoriness under load, thermal shock resistance, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, water absorption, porosity and modulus of rupture were also determined on fired test samples.
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Shi, Lin, Hua Zhi Gu, Shuang Long Li, and Jing Jing Zhu. "The Improvements for the Siliceous Self-Flow Castable with Adding Nano SiO2." Key Engineering Materials 726 (January 2017): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.445.

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In order to make up for the deficiencies due to the molding process,and improve the mechanical properties and sintering performance of self-flow castable,in this paper, we used nano SiO2 which had high surface activity as admixture. We added 0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt% of nano SiO2, and then test the linear change, Flexural strength, compressive strength,and refractoriness under load after dried at 110°Cfor 24h and heat treatment at 1400°C for 8h.The results showed that: with the increase of nano SiO2, self-flow value of self-flow castablel decreased, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the sample increased after dried at 110°C for 24 h, the strength of the self-flow castable was improved after formed.After heat treatment at 1400°C for 8h, linear change of the sample remained the same, Tridymite content, flexural strength and compressive strength increased, apparent porosity decreased, refractoriness under load lowered.
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5

Li, Kun Ming, Chuan Cai Pan, Jin Li Xie, Chun Yan Li, Li Ping Li, Fei Xue, Guo Wei Lin, and Lin Lin Zhang. "Compressive Creep Behavior of Low Porosity Fireclay Bricks (LPFBs) for Glass Furnace Regenerator." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.352.

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LPFBs are mainly applied in the lower party of glass furnace regenerator as checker works or walls. They are subjected to the loads of upper refractory materials at high temperature. So the creep behavior of them should be considered to predict the longevity of the regenerator. Two kinds of LPFBs were chosen as the test samples. It is shown that the creep rates of them under different stresses (0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, and 0.3MPa) and different temperatures (1200°C and 1280°C) are within 0.2%. LPFB1 with lower apparent porosity is more sensitive to temperature. LPFB2 is more sensitive to stress. The relationship between the creep and other mechanical properties is: the higher the Al2O3 content, the higher the bulk density, the lower the apparent porosity, and the higher the refractoriness under load of LPFB, the lower the total strain range of it. A model combined with phase diagram was built to analyze the microstructures and the creep curves with different shapes of the two LPFBs.
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6

Ma, Shu Long, Zhao Hui Huang, Lin Jun Wang, Fei Ma, Zhi Feng Wang, Wen Bin Xia, and Jun Jie Zhang. "Effect of Mullite Homogenized Grogs on the Properties of Mullite-SiC Bricks." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.249.

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The new mullite-SiC bricks were prepared by mullite homogenized grogs to substituted the bauxite clinkers (Al2O3content is 85% or 88%) as raw materials. In this paper, the physico-chemical properties and wear resistance of the new mullite-SiC bricks were studied by comparing with the ordinary mullite-SiC bricks produced by using bauxite clinkers as raw materials. The result shows that the new mullite-SiC bricks have low apparent porosity and bulk density, high compressive strength and refractoriness under load, excellent wear resistance. The mullite homogenized grogs can substitute the bauxite clinkers as materials to produce mullite-SiC bricks and improve the properties of the bricks.
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7

Bi, Zhen Yong, Ning Sheng Zhou, Jia Lin Sun, Jing Zhao, Ji Wei Li, and De Ting Xu. "Effect of In Situ Formed Mullite on Properties of High Alumina ULC Castables." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.688.

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In order to improve the hot strength of pre-cast shapes of high alumina castables used in industrial furnaces, the present work explored the approach to using in-situ formed mullite by incorporating 3%-9% silicon powders in bauxite based ULC castables. The pre-cast specimens were dried and then heated at 1450°C for 3h in air. The in-situ formed mullite derived from Si can remarkably improve HMOR of the castables. Refractoriness under load and TSR can also be improved by Si incorporation. The microstructure of the related castable samples was interpreted. The optimizing addition of Si power in this work is about 5%.
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8

Nguyen, Martin, and Radomír Sokolář. "Impact of Fly Ash as a Raw Material on the Properties of Refractory Forsterite–Spinel Ceramics." Minerals 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090835.

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This article examines the process for the synthesis of forsterite–spinel (2MgO·SiO2/MgO·Al2O3) refractory ceramics from fly ash and alumina as sources of aluminum oxide. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios and sintered at 1500 °C for 2 h. Sintered samples were characterized by XRD, thermal analyses and SEM. Porosity, water absorption, bulk density, refractoriness, refractoriness under load and thermal shock resistance were also investigated. The impact of fly ash as a raw material was investigated in accordance with the resulting properties and microstructure of samples with fly ash and alumina as the raw materials. Due to the positive effect of flux oxides (iron oxides and alkalis) on sintering, the mullite contained in fly ash completely decomposed into silica and alumina, which, together with magnesium oxide, formed spinel. This led to improved microstructural and mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance. In particular, mixtures with 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% of fly ash had the most promising results compared to alumina mixtures. Both modulus of rupture and thermal shock resistance were improved, while the impact on refractory properties was minimal. The novelty of this research lies in the recycling of fly ash, a by-product from coal-burning power plants, into a raw material for the production of forsterite–spinel refractory ceramics.
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9

Lin, Xin, Yong Li, Yan Jing Li, Jun Jie Zhang, Chang He Gao, and Ji Li Zhang. "Performance Studies on In Situ Spinel Solid Solution Bonded Periclase Refractories." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.245.

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Specimens were prepared using iron-rich magnesia (3~1 mm、≤1 mm) and high purity magnesia (≤0.088 mm) as the main starting materials, adding tabular alumina at different size (3~2、2~1、≤1 mm) and content:3%、6%、9%、12%、15% to discover the influence of tabular alumina on sample performance. Phase composition and microstructure were also analyzed. The results show that specimen with content of 6% of corundum possessed the best comprehensive performance:apparent porosity 17%, bulk density 2.95 g·cm-3, cold crushing strength 74 MPa, refractoriness under load 1700 °C, heat shock resistance of up to 18 times. The formations of magnesium aluminate spinel and hercynite solid solution were enhanced by Fe ion at high temperatures in the iron-rich magnesia-corundum system at the presence of iron oxides, which are able to largely dissolved in periclase.
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10

Martynenko, V. V., V. V. Primachenko, I. G. Shulik, T. G. Galchenko, and E. B. Protsak. "Effect investigation of a complex additive of chromium oxide, zirconia and a technological binder type on the properties of corundum refractories." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 119 (December 26, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.119.01.

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The effect of a complex additive of chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide, as well as a temporary technological binder type on the properties of corundum refractories was studied. The optimal complex additive containing chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide in certain quantities, and the type of temporary technological binder have been determined. The use of these complex additive and technological binder provides to receive following properties of samples after firing at 1580 C open porosity 17.4 %, apparent density 3.29 g/cm3, cold crushing strength 138 N/mm2, refractoriness under a load of 0.2 N/mm2 > 1700 C thermal shock resistance (1300 C — water) of at least 8 heat cycles. Based on the research results, the required regulatory documentation has been developed. As a result of the studies, a technology for the semi­dry pressing of domestic corundum refractories based on fused corundum, α­alumina and active alumina with the complex addition of chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide was developed. This technology provides refractory products with high properties. The use of these products in the combustion chamber of production reactors of carbon black will provide their higher durability in service, and, consequently, the operation duration of high­temperature units.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refractoriness under load"

1

Kupcová, Zuzana. "Žáruvzdorné výrobky určené pro metalurgii hliníku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226730.

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The master´s thesis focuses on high-alumina refractory materials used mainly in aluminia metallurgy. Teoretical part of this thesis is aimed at distribution of refractory materials, possibilities of its production and raw material basis. Characteristic properties are described as well as application possibilities in aluminium technology. In final part of this thesis experimental data are evaluated to obtain physical, mechanical, chemical properties of high-alumina refractory materials. Those are used for economical optimalization of raw materials.
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2

Tvrdík, Lukáš. "Aplikace metakaolinu v žárovzdorných materiálech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355605.

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Refractory materials are irreplaceable in all industrial fields where it is necessary to use high temperatures. This paper deals with the use of metakaolin in refractory materials that allows the operation of such facilities. In recent decades has the development made significant progress in quality parametres, which extended life period of refractory materials in their use and significantly decreased the specific consumption of refractory materials in various technologies. This phenomenon is also called "harakiri effect". At the same time a constant pressure to the lowest prices of products is on the refractory market. Metakaolin seems to be appropriate raw material, which may help to achieve interesting qualitative effects. It may affect many properties of the influence on the behavior of materials during processing, through physico-mechanical parameters and dipping to the economic efficiency of production.
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