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Journal articles on the topic 'Refractory Bricks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Almirón, Jonathan Muñoz, Rossibel Churata, Paul Huanca-Zuñiga, Jennifer Torres-Almirón, Grace Acevedo-Obando, and Danny Tupayachy-Quispe. "Refractory Bricks Characterization Manufactured from Geopolymers Based on Volcanic Ash." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 10 (2024): e08481. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n10-007.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanical and physical properties of refractory bricks manufactured by geopolymerization from volcanic ash to obtain a product with better properties and contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources. Method: For the refractory bricks preparation, volcanic ash was used with 12 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as activators, with a liquid/solid ratio of 0.2. 02 brick prototypes were manufactured, a cylindrical specimen prototype for the study of resistance to compression and absorption; and a prototype of a re

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2

Muhammed, Montadher A. "A CASE STUDY OF TYPES OF FAILURE IN REFRACTORY BRICKS LINING CEMENT KILNS." Kufa Journal of Engineering 3, no. 1 (2014): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/311267.

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The failure of refractory bricks lining cement kilns is a costly processÂ not only due to the cost of replacing bricks but also due to the lost in production time during the replacement period. The present work aims to investigate types and causes of failure of refractory bricks in one of Kufa cement factory kilns using chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction technique. The results showed that there are detrimental components in raw meal and cement clinker like alkalis (K2O, Na2O) and SO3 which tend to react with lining bricks at high temperatures. Cement clinker infiltrated into the hot faces

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3

C., Chijioke, Okoye P., Igwegbe W. E., and Ugwuegbulam J.C. "PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PBA – CLAY REFRACTORY BRICKS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (2018): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1392.

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The importation of refractory materials is one of the biggest challenges industries faced in third world countries, of which Nigerian is one of them. The addition of palm bunch ash to clay in the production of clay bricks is one of the ways refractory materials are produced. The clay used here was Nsu clay. This work looked at the compressive strength of refractory bricks which is one of the properties of refractory materials. The work eliminates the traditional methods of trial and error and the rigorous mathematical analysis associated with the formation of some regression models in the pred

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Chijioke, C., P. Okoye, W. E. Igwegbe, and J.C. Ugwuegbulam. "PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PBA – CLAY REFRACTORY BRICKS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 6 (2018): 472–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1313134.

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The importation of refractory materials is one of the biggest challenges industries faced in third world countries, of which Nigerian is one of them. The addition of palm bunch ash to clay in the production of clay bricks is one of the ways refractory materials are produced. The clay used here was Nsu clay. This work looked at the compressive strength of refractory bricks which is one of the properties of refractory materials. The work eliminates the traditional methods of trial and error and the rigorous mathematical analysis associated with the formation of some regression models in the pred

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5

Mou, Yu, Sisi Han, Yanrong Zhang, Kai Wu, and Xinrui Shen. "Numerical Analysis of Incinerator Refractory Brick with Coupled Parameters Based on Thermodynamic Theory." Materials 18, no. 4 (2025): 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040824.

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The selection of refractory bricks significantly impacts the operational performance of brick structures in high-temperature environments. In this study, a coupled thermal stress model of a refractory brick structure was established and validated by means of thermal expansion experiments. This paper innovatively combined the brick number, brick thickness, and brick material to investigate their influence on brick structural performance. The results indicated that the influence of the brick number on the temperature was less significant than that of brick thickness. However, the brick number ha

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6

Mabasa, N. P., N. Naudé, and A. M. Garbers-Craig. "Hand-held XRF sorting of spent refractory bricks to aid recycling." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, no. 1 (2023): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1928/2023.

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An improved methodology is presented for assessing the economic feasibility and effectiveness of recycling MgO-C and Al2CO3-MgO-C refractory bricks, which are widely used in the steelmaking industry. Since approximately 28 Mt of refractory bricks are discarded each year, it is logical to recycle them. When furnaces and ladles are relined, the spent refractory bricks become mixed up, and need to be sorted before recycling. This study examined the use of a hand-held X-ray fluorescence analyser (HH-XRF) to distinguish between spent oxide-based and oxide-carbon-based refractory materials, with spe

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7

Guo, Zhijie, Yanhui Sun, Hongyu Wang, Chao Zhuo, and Huajie Wu. "Effect of ladle lining system refractories on the cleanliness of heavy-rail steel U75V." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 6 (2023): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023076.

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To understand the effect of refractories in the ladle lining system on the evolution of inclusions in the secondary refining process, refractory samples were taken from different locations in the ladle system (Slag lining bricks, Sidewall bricks, Refractory mortar, and Bottom bricks). Laboratory experiments were carried out using heavy-rail steel slab samples (Si-Mn-killed steel) and different refractory bricks. The four kinds of refractory bricks can be roughly divided into 3 categories: (1) MgO-Al2O3-C system (MAC, high MgO>55%); (2) Al2O3-MgO-C system (AMC, low MgO<13%); (3) Al2O3-SiO

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8

Pacheco, Graziella, Geraldo Eduardo Gonçalves, and Vanessa Lins. "Qualitative and Quantitative Coating Tests: A Comparison in Magnesia–Spinel Refractory Bricks." Ceramics 3, no. 1 (2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics3010014.

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In cement processing, which involves the production of clinker in rotary kilns, the main refractories used in the transition and burning zones are magnesia–spinel bricks. These bricks present suitable chemical and thermomechanical properties, not to mention that they can be easily landfilled. Among the main wear mechanisms of these bricks in the kiln, the infiltration of alkaline salts is noteworthy and occurs through the open pores of the refractory. In this way, the coating—a clinker layer adhered to the brick surface—appears as a protection mechanism of the lining against infiltration. Thus

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9

Zheng, Li Jun, Guo Dong Zhang, Dian Li Qu, and Feng Liu. "The Effect of MgO-Al₂O₃ Spinel on Refractory Bricks Made from Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ Slag." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1795.

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The Al2O3-Cr2O3 slag as raw material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different size distribution of MgO-Al2O3 spinel grain on physical properties of refractory bricks made from Al2O3-Cr2O3 slag was studied according to YB/T376.1-1995（water quenching）, GB/T 5072－1985, GB/T 2997-1982 criterion. The results show that the main crystal phase of the refractory bricks were chromium corundum, corundum. The refractory bricks containing 10 wt% of the maximum size of 3.0 mm of MgO-Al2O3 spinel grain can significantly improve the thermal shock resistance of this refracto

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10

Tangboriboon, Nuchnapa, Sopita Moonsri, Atima Netthip, Watchara Sangwan, and Anuvat Sirivat. "Enhancing physical-thermal-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks by eggshell as a bio-filler and flux." Science of Sintering 51, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1901001t.

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Fired clay bio-bricks were prepared by adding eggshell as a bio-filler and flux into earthenware clay compounds via an extrusion process. In this study, the suiTab. conditions for clay bricks preparation were firing at 1000?C for a period of 5 h. Adding 20 wt% eggshell powder into the clay brick yielded good physical-mechanical-thermal properties: high compressive strength and hardness, low thermal expansion coefficient, and low water absorption. The measured compressive strength, hardness, and refractory water absorption were 7.0 MPa, 6.0 HV, and less than 15 wt%, respectively. The obtained c

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11

Wang, Xiaoge, Pengcheng Li, Huili Sun, and Shitao Song. "Research on corrosion mechanism of refractory lining in drip zone of COREX melting gasifier." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 3 (2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021032.

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In this paper, the COREX-3000 melting gasifier was dissected and sampled to obtain the macroscopic erosion appearance of refractories lining in the drip zone, and the erosion behavior and mechanism of refractory bricks in the drip zone were analyzed by means of chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and determination of physical characteristics. The results showed that the maximum average erosion of refractory lining bricks in the drip zone was 220 mm and the erosion rate was up to 69%. Its surface was mainly affected by slag erosion and mechanical scour of slag, but at high temperature, the surface of r

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12

Zhang, Shao Wei. "Next Generation Carbon-Containing Refractory Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2246.

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Carbon-containing refractory bricks are used extensively in the steel industry worldwide. Since the first generation became commercially available in the 1970’s, their processing, microstructures and properties have been improved dramatically, and the service lives of industrial furnaces have thus been extended substantially. In addition to the work on carboncontaining refractory bricks, much effort has been, and is being, made worldwide towards the development of carbon-containing refractory castables. In this paper, the latest R & D towards new generation carboncontaining refractory bric

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13

Djiragbou, N. B. R., M. O. Boffoué, K. C. Kouadio, C. H. Kouakou, and E. Emeruwa. "Application De L’ultrason A L’étude De L’homogénéité Des Briques Réfractaires." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 3 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p61.

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The quality of refractory bricks such as their ability to resist to thermal shocks essentially depends on the homogeneity of their structure. The imperfections observed in the structure of some refractory bricks arise from the mode of their preparation. Thus, the homogeneity of bricks manually elaborated with refractory clays and sintered at 1280°C was studied. The speed of ultrasounds in different areas of the bricks was measured with an ultrasound auscultation device. The results point out the speeds of ultrasounds may vary from one zone to another revealing heterogeneities into some bricks.

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14

Abdullahi, Madu Yami, and Umaru Samaila. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME NIGERIAN CLAYS AS REFRACTORY MATERIALS FOR FURNACE LINING." Continental J. Engineering Sciences 2 (July 22, 2007): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833644.

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The suitability of some Nigerian clays as refractory raw materials was investigated. The clay samples were first analysed to determine their chemical compositions. Fireclay bricks test specimens were prepared by standard method. They were then tested for properties such as apparent porosity, bulk density, thermal shock resistance, fired shrinkage, refractoriness and cold crushing strength. The result obtained showed that both test samples qualify as high melting fireclays. The refractory properties measured revealed them as being usable as refractory bricks when blended.

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15

Sahoo, D. K., M. S. V. R. Kishor, D. P. Sahoo, S. Sarkar, and A. Behera. "Nanoscale Analysis on Spark Plasma Sintered Fly-Ash Bricks and their Comparative Study with SiN-Zr Refractory Bricks." Micro and Nanosystems 12, no. 2 (2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402912666200313124418.

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Background: Industries such as thermal power plants use coal as a source of energy and release the combustion products into the environment. The generation of these wastes is inevitable and thus needed to be reused. In India, coals with high ash content usually between 25 to 45% are used. The refractory bricks that were used earlier in steel industries were mainly based on silica, magnesia, chrome, graphite. In modern days, several other materials were introduced for the manufacturing of refractory bricks such as mullite, chrome-magnesite, zircon, fused cast, and corundum. The materials select

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16

dos Santos, Antonio Vanderlei, Renato Przyczynski, Tatieli Pivoto Anibele, and Mauro Cesar Marchetti. "Manufacturing Refractory Bricks Using Exhaust Dust from Foundry Industries." Key Engineering Materials 780 (September 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.780.67.

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The exhaust dust is an industrial waste that results from the sand molded casting process in the foundry sector. The metal casting industry plays an important role in the reduction of the environmental impact by recycling industrial waste. The idea of manufacturing thermally resistant refractory bricks made of exhaust dust from the foundry industry has motivated managers and researchers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the manufacturing process of refractory bricks made of 10, 20 and 30% exhaust dust and their properties. The dust was analyzed by using the SEM/EDX and XRD techniques. R

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17

Yang, Wei Bo, Chao Peng, Gui Qiang Li, et al. "Properties Characterization of MgO-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ Brick Prepared by Vacuum Impregnation." Key Engineering Materials 726 (January 2017): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.394.

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MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 bricks were prepared by impregnated MgO-Cr2O3 refractory into ZrOC12·8H2O solution in vacuum condition. Then the properties of MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 bricks were researched in this study. The results showed that the properties of the MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 bricks, such as bulk density, cold crushing strength, pore distribution, are superior to those of the MgO-Cr2O3 refractory. The ZrO2 introduced to MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 bricks by vacuum impregnation method were distributed in reunion in the aggregate and matrix combining site and cracks and pores of the matrix of MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 bricks, which can sig

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18

Temitope, Stephen Joseph, Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Akomolede Adeyemo Moyosiore, and Oni Taiwo Oluwasesan. "Influence of Agro-Wastes Additive on the Microstructural View, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity and Firing Shrinkage Properties of Locally Produced Refractory Bricks." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. IV (2025): 1286–93. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.10040103.

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The increasing need for refractory bricks has advanced research into the utilization of readily available agricultural by-products. This work examined the influence of cassava peel ash (CPA) and palm kernel ash (PKA) as admixtures on the physical properties of locally produced refractory bricks. Samples coded CTR (Control), clay/30CPA, clay/30PKA, and clay/30CPA-PKA were prepared, moulded by machine, fired at elevated temperature, and tested for bulk density, apparent porosity, and firing shrinkage to assess the influence of addition of agro-wastes. The objective of the study is to determine t

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Temitope, Stephen Joseph, Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Akomolede Adeyemo Moyosiore, and Oni Taiwo Oluwasesan. "Influence of Agro-Wastes Additive on the Microstructural View, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity and Firing Shrinkage Properties of Locally Produced Refractory Bricks." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. V (2025): 436–43. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.100500039.

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The increasing need for refractory bricks has advanced research into the utilization of readily available agricultural by-products. This work examined the influence of cassava peel ash (CPA) and palm kernel ash (PKA) as admixtures on the physical properties of locally produced refractory bricks. Samples coded CTR (Control), clay/30CPA, clay/30PKA, and clay/30CPA-PKA were prepared, moulded by machine, fired at elevated temperature, and tested for bulk density, apparent porosity, and firing shrinkage to assess the influence of addition of agro-wastes. The objective of the study is to determine t

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20

Nazer, A., N. Toro, O. Pavez, and J. Guerrero. "Characterization of firebricks used in copper smelting furnaces of the 19th century, Atacama, Chile." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, no. 7 (2023): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2300/2023.

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In the 19th century, mining in northern Chile was of great economic importance. Today, the ruins of the copper smelters and abundant fragments of refractory bricks from their furnaces remain. The refractory materials have not been previously studied. the origin, physical and chemical properties, and compressive strength of 10 different samples of historical refractory bricks collected on-site were investigated. The characterization results showed that the bricks are silico-aluminous, unlike the magnesium-chromium bricks used by current foundries. It was determined that 90% of them were produce

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Handoko, Dwi, Azmal Azmal, and Iyus Iyus. "Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Asbes Terhadap Sifat Refractory Brick Berbahan Kaolin dan Fly Ash." Vokasi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah 19, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31573/jv.v19i1.780.

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Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of adding asbestos to the production of refractory bricks with different material compositions, namely kaolin, fly ash, asbestos and standard water. The composition of kaolin and fly ash is given in equal percentages, varying according to the mass of asbestos, 0 (%), 10 (%), 15 (%), 20 (%), 30 (%). The tests carried out are thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, where these results become parameters for determining the best composition. The results of testing the compressive strength of refractory bricks showed that 0 (%) quartz sand c

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Pilyaeva, O. V., I. I. Shepelev, E. I. Zhukov, A. Yu Sakhachev, and N. V. Golovnykh. "Extraction of Valuable Components in the Process of Recycling of Technogenic Materials of Alumina Production." Ecology and Industry of Russia 28, no. 4 (2024): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2024-4-15-19.

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In the process of recycling man-made resource-saving additives into alumina raw materials, waste fireclay refractory bricks used for lining rotating furnaces and other thermal units were tested. A sufficiently high level of aluminum oxide extraction from fireclay lining has been experimentally confirmed. It has been established that when more than 95 000 tons of stored refractory fireclay brick waste is involved in the technological process, savings on a natural raw material resource are achieved: about 56 700 tons of nepheline ore.

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Shimizu, Toru, and Kunio Matsuzakaki. "Fabrication of High Porosity Mullite Foams and their Thermal Properties." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1987.

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Already, we developed a high porosity alumina foam. However, alumina has high thermal conductivity about 36W/mK at room temperature, and it need to achieve to high porosity to decrease thermal conductivity to for application of refractory bricks. Therefore, high porosity mullite refractory brick is developed using GS (Gelation of Slurry) method that is already developed for production of high porosity metal foam. Appling this method to production of mullite foams, the ceramics foams from 93 to 97% porosity can be produced. Also, their thermal conductivities are proportional to densities and ob

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Balandis, A., and D. Nizeviciene. "Silica crown refractory corrosion in glass melting furnaces." Science of Sintering 43, no. 3 (2011): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1103295b.

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The critical parameters of silica refractories, such as compressive strength, bulk, density, quantity of silica, microstructure and porosity were evaluated of unused and used bricks to line the crowns of glass furnaces, when the rate of corrosion of crowns were about 2 times greater. The change of these parameters, the chemical composition and formation of the microcracks in the used silica refractories material were studied. It was established that the short time at service of container glass furnace crown can be related to low quality of silica brick: high quantity of CaO and impurities, low

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25

Prestes, E., A. S. A. Chinelatto, and W. S. Resende. "Post mortem analysis of burned magnesia-chromite brick used in short rotary furnace of secondary lead smelting." Cerâmica 55, no. 333 (2009): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000100008.

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Burned magnesia-chromite bricks are the standard product for the lining of furnaces in lead industry, where the short service life is a great problem. Used sintered magnesia-chromite brick sample from short rotary furnace lining, sent by a secondary lead manufacturer, showed parallel cracks to the hot face due to structural spalling damage. The refractory infiltrated region and slag interface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy analyzer, and X-ray diffraction powder analysis. Crucible corrosion test was performed to evaluate the influence o

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26

Pavlovic, Marko, Marina Dojcinovic, Jasmina Nikolic, et al. "Application of waste raw materials as a reinforcement for protective coatings based on pyrophyllite." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq240410029p.

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In this study, pyrophyllite was used for the first time in the composition of protective refractory coatings together with supplementary waste resources. The proposed refractory coatings are applicable for metallic and non-metallic structures, with the option of using them to protect machinery components in the chemical industry, metallurgy, and mining. Given that pyrophyllite has a low hardness, the goal was to improve the coating's resistance to cavitation erosion by adding 20 wt.% of hard refractory materials, i.e., crushed and micronized waste bricks based on mullite and corundum, respecti

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27

Frade, S. B., G. Gomes, Sivaldo L. Correia, and A. M. Segadaes. "Characterisation of Refractory Ceramic Pressed Body Containing Industrial Waste." Materials Science Forum 912 (January 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.912.71.

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This study investigates the use of an industrial refractory brick waste in the refractory based silica and alumina ceramic body. From the characterization of the waste, a mixture containing a clay, silica, alumina and waste was processed via wet route and sintered at 1400 °C. The specimens were evaluated in dry (density) and after sintering (linear shrinkage, density and modulus of rupture).Microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy (secondary electron) revealed a microstructure unevenly and a presence of big porous which shows also small amounts of vitreous phase, which

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Adidi, O. D. "INVESTIGATION OF THE REFRACTORY PROPERTIES OF KANKARA CLAY FOR ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS." JOURNAL OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 14, no. 1 (2024): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.62934/jmme/nms-2024-pt002.

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The refractory properties of Kankara clay have been investigated with a view to understanding its suitability for various engineering and industrial applications. The experimental procedures include thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity, shrinkage, apparent porosity, refractoriness under load with rising temperature mode, and refractoriness under loadmaintained temperature mode. The results obtained from the research work showed the clay has good refractory properties that can be used for both Engineering and industrial applications. The value obtained through the thermal conductivity

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Ildefonse, J. P., V. Gabis, and F. Cesbron. "Mullitization of Andalusite in Refractory Bricks." Key Engineering Materials 132-136 (April 1997): 1798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.132-136.1798.

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30

Gruber, Dietmar, and Harald Harmuth. "Simulation of Moulding of Refractory Bricks." Advances in Science and Technology 70 (October 2010): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.70.167.

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Simulations presented here aim to show reasons for undesirable product heterogeneity and possible defects. Potential negative influences are for example insufficient deaeration, friction between the bulk material and the mould, deformation of the mould and an inappropriate mould filling. In a first step data were collected from a production process. This includes the load and displacement during moulding and the mass of the mix filled into the mould. For the Finite Element modelling with ABAQUS the brick material was simulated with a Drucker-Prager model including a cap. The results show the i

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31

Adeosun, S. O., E. I. Akpan, O. P. Gbenebor, O. O. Taiwo, and I. J. Eke. "Refractory Behaviors of Magnetite–Kaolin Bricks." JOM 68, no. 11 (2016): 2824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2114-8.

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32

Job Ajala, Amkpa, Nur Azam Badarulzaman, and Abu Bakar Aramjat. "Impact of Sintering Temperatures on Microstructure, Porosity and Mechanical Strength of Refractory Brick." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.66.

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Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk density 2.2 g/cm3 and cold crushing strength. Chemical composition was analyzed using the XRF. The refractoriness of the fireclay was 1621 °C. The thermal shock resistance was up to 25 cycles. The apparent porosity fell within the standard value of 10-30 % for refractory fireclay bricks. The investigation proved that the Riyom clay deposit belong to the alumino-silicate group of bricks. The clay is therefore, suitable for production of refractory bricks for furnace lining.

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Liu, Yue, Jie Guang Song, W. L. Zhu, D. L. Zhang, H. B. Wen, and R. Huang. "Effect of Ball Milling Technology on Properties of Refractory Waste." Key Engineering Materials 927 (July 29, 2022): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-49gm95.

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With the popularization of "sponge city" in the whole country, the use of permeable bricks is increasing every year. Although the raw materials required for the preparation of permeable bricks are widely sourced, there are few reports on the process of using refractory waste to prepare permeable bricks. It is the ball milling process of refractory waste. The effects of ball milling time, ball mill rotation speed, and ball-to-material ratio on the properties of refractory waste were mainly studied. Through the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: with the i

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GOROG, J. PETER, JAMES G. HEMRICK, HARALD A. WALTER, W. RAY LEARY, and MURRAY ELLIS. "Design of refractory linings for balanced energy efficiency, uptime, and capacity in lime kilns." February 2015 14, no. 2 (2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.2.141.

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In this work a computer model is used to examine how refractory linings with both high alumina and basic refractory bricks affect kiln operations. Recommendations are made based on the results to aid mill personnel in designing optimized refractory linings for specific situations. Kilns used to regenerate lime in the kraft process are highly energy intensive. Throughout the 1990s, in response to increasing fuel prices, the pulp and paper industry primarily used backup insulation in conjunction with high alumina brick to line calcining zones of their kilns. The dramatic decline in price of natu

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Elngar, Marwa A. G., Mohamed F.M., Asrar G., Carmen M. Sharaby, and Shalabi M.E.H. "Effect of Additives on the Performance of the Fire-Clay Refractory Bricks." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 12, no. 2 (2010): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj210.

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This work studied the effect of additive materials – ceramic powder, bentonite, and clay-on the performance of fire-clay refractory bricks. The results showed that as the percentage of ceramic powder, clay, or bentonite increased up to 1.5%, shrinkage of the bricks decreased and density of the bricks increased while porosity and water absorption decreased and compressive strength increased.

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Isiaka Olajide Odewale, Victor Tyonenge Dhave Amaakaven, Stan Chinweike Ekenyem, et al. "Characterization of some clay deposits in southern zone of Ebonyi state of Nigeria and their potentials for industrial utilization." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 1171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2255.

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Characterization of some clay deposits in Southern zone of Ebonyi State of Nigeria were carried out to determine their potentials for industrial applications. Chemical and mineralogical analyses of the clay samples were determined using x-ray florescence spectroscope (XRF) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) respectively. The characteristics investigated before / after sintered at various temperatures were physical appearance, loss on ignition, plasticity, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density, modulus of rupture, water absorption, thermal shock resistance and estimated refractoriness.

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Isiaka, Olajide Odewale, Tyonenge Dhave Amaakaven Victor, Chinweike Ekenyem Stan, et al. "Characterization of some clay deposits in southern zone of Ebonyi state of Nigeria and their potentials for industrial utilization." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 1171–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12608578.

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Characterization of some clay deposits in Southern zone of Ebonyi State of Nigeria were carried out to determine their potentials for industrial applications. Chemical and mineralogical analyses of the clay samples were determined using x-ray florescence spectroscope (XRF) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) respectively. The characteristics investigated before / after sintered at various temperatures were physical appearance, loss on ignition, plasticity, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density, modulus of rupture, water absorption, thermal shock resistance and estimated refractoriness.

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Sadik, C., A. Al Albizane, and I. El Amrani. "Characterization of elaborated Moroccan mullite to improving porous refractories quality." Cerâmica 59, no. 352 (2013): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132013000400018.

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Production of porous and light-weight bricks with acceptable flexural strength is accomplished. Sawdust was used as an additive to an earthenware brick to produce the pores. SEM-EDS, XRD and XRF analysis of the raw materials and the elaborated refractory were performed. Mixtures containing sawdust were prepared at different proportions (up to 30%). Apparent porosity at 1600 °C was investigated with the bulk density, water absorption, firing shrinkage and flexural strength. Microstructural investigation was carried out by both natural light microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The results

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Faghihi-Sani, Mohammad-Ali, and Akira Yamaguchi. "Oxidation kinetics of MgO–C refractory bricks." Ceramics International 28, no. 8 (2002): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(02)00049-4.

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Hadi, E. M. "Manufacturing of Refractory Bricks from Iraqi Flint." Engineering and Technology Journal 35, Issue 1C (2017): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.35.1c.13.

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Randy, Hidayat, Putri Fenoria, and Karmin. "ANALISIS PENGARUH SIFAT FISIK DAN THERMAL LIMBAH FLY ASH BATU BARA DAN KAOLIN PADA PEMBUATAN FIRE BRICKS." MACHINERY: JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TERAPAN 6, no. 1 (2025): 9–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15234179.

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<em>The increase in coal waste (fly ashand bottom ash) will have a negative impact on the environment if it is not managed or utilized. One of the uses of coal waste can be used as a mixture for making refractory bricks. Refractory bricks are made with a variety of materials with the fixed variable composition being 30% clay and 10% alumina and the independent variables FA and Kaolin waste with variations of 20%:40%, 30%:30%, 40%:20%. samples of refractory bricks that has been made is tested by density & porosity test, compressive strength test, and heat conductivity test. The results were

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Seth, Samuel, Mohammed Bawa, Aje Tokan, and Jacob Jatau. "Production and Characterisation of Refractory Bricks for Cement Kiln Burning Zone Application." Industrial Engineering 9, no. 1 (2025): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ie.20250901.13.

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Cement clinker is produced in a rotary kiln at a sintering temperature of 1450°C. Because of this temperature, the kiln body is lined with refractory bricks. The failure of these refractory bricks is a challenge to cement producers because of its high impact on production and cost. Today, Nigerian cement factories depend on expensive imported refractories to survive. This work addresses this challenge by producing quality and less expensive refractory from locally sourced materials. The refractory materials were selected based on the thermal load for kiln burning zone, the material composition

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Rizky Ghifari, Febrian, and Fahmi Mubarok. "Magnesia Refractory Bricks for Cement Rotary Kiln: A Systematic Review." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 4, no. 3 (2025): 579–92. https://doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v4i3.578.

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Rotary kilns in the cement industry operate under extreme conditions, requiring a durable refractory lining. Magnesia refractory bricks are preferred for their high thermal resistance, mechanical strength, and chemical stability. However, concerns about hexavalent chromium (Cr??) toxicity have led to a shift from magnesia-chrome bricks to more environmentally friendly alternatives such as magnesia-spinel and magnesia-hercynite bricks. The aim of this research is to review magnesia refractory bricks for rotary kilns, analyze their composition, sintering process, and durability under high temper

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Rafukka, I. A., B. Onyekpe, and Y. Tijjani. "Viability of Some Kano-Nigerian Clays for Refractory Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.477.

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The physical properties of some materials used by local foundries were investigated with a view to assessing their suitability for use as low heat duty refractory bricks. The samples were collected from Malamai village, Gezawa Local Government, Kano state; they are Gezawa clay and Burji (Clay). The samples were crushed, ground, sieved and the chemical compositions were determined. The clay samples were treated separately as well as blended with Gezawa clay in different proportions and molded in to bricks. The bricks were dried and fired to 1100. Test for refractoriness, thermal shock resistanc

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Wang, Jun Tao, Song Lin Chen, Xiao Yu Dong, Chen Liu, Ru Lin Xu, and Yan Dun Zhou. "Effect of Urban Domestic Wastes on Refractory for Cement Rotary Kiln." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.260.

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The experiment proved the effect of burning urban domestic wastes on alkali-resistant bricks and spalling-resistant high alumina bricks by the Static crucible method. The result indicates that the main erosion mechanism is slag permeable and slag erosion. Burning the waste will emit high temperature gases containing alkali, sulfur and chlorine, and the gases react with refractory materials contribute to the formation of sulfate, chloride and compound salt, which deteriorate and invalid refractory gradually. Through SEM, it is observed that the loose structure of metamorphic layers and easily s

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Khattab, Mohammed, and Samya Hachemi. "Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Made with Waste Refractory Brick." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 57 (November 9, 2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.57.99.

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Concrete containing recycled aggregates have different properties from concrete containing natural aggregates. This work investigates, firstly, the possibility of using recycled refractory bricks (RBA) as coarse aggregate for concrete, and secondly, finds the ideal replacement percentage of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) by RBA. For this, an experimental study was carried out to assess the physical and mechanical properties of concrete produced with the partial and total replacement of NCA by RBA. Two types of RBA from two different sources were used, RBA-1 obtained from the grinding of new re

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Obidiegwu, Eugenia Obiageli, David Ehigie Esezobor, Henry Ekene Mgbemere, and Chiosa Cletus Odili. "A Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Characteristics of Refractory Bricks Produced Using Fireclay and Agroforestry Wastes." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 6, no. 2 (2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2022.6.2.45.

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Manufacturing and processing industries usually consume large quantities of materials and energy in the course of their operations. The energy supplied for high-temperature processes are used partially for the actual technical process and between 30 to 40% of the energy escapes through the walls of the reactor into the atmosphere, leading to a high degree of thermal inefficiency and fuel consumption. This paper studies the thermal behaviour of insulating refractory bricks produced from a blend of fireclay and agroforestry wastes. The fireclays used were obtained from Ukpor deposit in Anambra S

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Ossia, Chinwuba Victor, and Mathew Uzoma Shedrack. "Optimization of Blast Furnace Throughput Based on Hearth Refractory Lining and Shell Thickness." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 5, no. 1 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2021.5.1.5.

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Computational analyses were performed to optimize the furnace throughput, steel shell and lining thickness of a blast furnace. The computations were done for measured parameters within the hearth region as this is the vital zone of the furnace with high temperature fluctuations, molten iron, and slag production. The lining materials were namely 62% high alumina (A), carbon composite (B), silicon carbide (C) and graphite bricks (D) with thermal conductivities 2, 12, 120 and 135 W/(m∙K), respectively. It was observed that by varying the refractory lining thickness from 0.2–0.35 m, and furnace in

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Boenzi, Francesco, Joaquín Ordieres-Meré, and Raffaello Iavagnilio. "Life Cycle Assessment Comparison of Two Refractory Brick Product Systems for Ladle Lining in Secondary Steelmaking." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051295.

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This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of two types of refractory bricks for the internal lining of ladles in secondary steelmaking, where the dissolved inclusions coming from the refractory material require fine control to obtain the target steel quality. In this context, magnesia-carbon-based refractories are largely utilized, thanks to the adequate durability of the ladle lining in terms of number of heats before re-lining, but the utilization of organic binders in the mixture (pitch, resins) arises ecological and human health concerns. Concurrently, research efforts in re

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Deva, Nurten, and Izet Ibrahimi. "Substantiation of refractory lining influence on the electric furnace efficiency for the production of ferronickel." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 3 (2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.03.071.

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Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the possibility of replacing existing MgO bricks with the MgO-C bricks due to their resistance to the slag aggressiveness of the electric furnace and the Si content in the resulting metal, which can have a positive effect on reducing the consumption of refractory materials. Methods. This research will be presented as the results of theoretical and experimental data determining the dependence of the electric furnace on the type of refractory material, walls construction, operating parameters and the electric furnace lining, that are expect

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