Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refractory material

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Refractory material'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refractory material"

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Tresvyatskii, S. G., K. K. Strelov, �. A. Visloguzova, Zh A. Vydrina, and V. A. Perepelitsyn. "Fused forsterite refractory material." Refractories 26, no. 7-8 (July 1985): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01399782.

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Zhang, Cai Li, and Xiao Qing Song. "Fabrication and Properties of New Building Materials by Reutilization Refractory Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.388.

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The utilization of domestic waste refractory materials are reviewed, and points out that China exists to the comprehensive utilization of waste refractory material in question, discusses the necessity of recycling of waste refractory material; focuses on the composite insulation board has the advantages of organic heat preservation material strength coefficient of heat conductivity of inorganic insulation materials of high and low flame retardant, for example discusses the feasibility of waste refractory materials used in building materials field, comprehensive recycling of waste refractory material resources and corresponding to focus attention on the utilization of the problems put forward their views.
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Zhao, Ding Guo, Shu Huan Wang, Xiao Jie Cui, and Jian Long Guo. "The Mechanism Research on the Refractory Material Corrosion in Material Engineering and its Applications." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.142.

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The mechanism of refractory material corrosion was analyzed. The laboratory amorphous alloy smelting of the mother prefabricated crucible, reaction process is basically to crucible refractory material of blast furnace slag corrosion, melt corrosion is small. Generally smelting amorphous mother alloy was a difficult thing, and it shown that the basicity was better around 1.0. Compared with quartz refractory, it is good to choose the silicon carbide refractory materials, while smelting amorphous alloy.
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Belitsky, V., V. Gubankov, V. Koshelets, G. Ovsyannikov, I. Serpuchenko, S. Shitov, M. Tarasov, and A. Vystavkin. "Refractory material SIS junction structures." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 2 (March 1987): 684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065119.

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Khranovskaya, T. M., N. N. Savanina, and O. P. D’yachenko. "A corundum-mullite refractory material." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 46, no. 1 (January 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-005-0035-0.

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Wan, Long Gang, Zhi Gang Huang, Shao Rong Song, Jia Ping Wang, and Jie Li. "A Newly Developed Self-Bonded SiC Refractory." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2078.

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Based on SiC aggregate, SiC powder and ultra-fine SiC powder as the main starting materials and B4C as additive, the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material was pressed and fired at 2200°C for 10 hours in Ar environment in the high-temperature furnace. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated. In the paper, traditional self-bonded SiC material and Si3N4-bonded SiC material were taken for comparison with the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material in terms of strength, thermal conductivity, cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance etc. The results show that the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material contains 98.42% α-SiC and presents obvious higher thermal conductivity than traditional self-bonded SiC material and much better cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance than traditional self-bonded SiC and Si3N4-bonded SiC materials.
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Cheng, Zhu, Jia Lin Sun, Fu Shen Li, Zhao You Chen, and Long Gang Wan. "Synthesis of MgAlON-Bonded MgO Refractory." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.769.

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Fused magnesite, α–Al2O3 micropowder and aluminum powder were used as starting materials to form MgAlON and MgAlON-bonded MgO materials in nitrogen atmosphere. Influence of technical conditions, such as composition, on formation of MgAlON was studied. Influence of vapouring of MgO in low PO2 atmosphere at high temperature on sintering of MgAlON-bonded MgO material was also discussed, showing that vapouring of MgO makes the material porous and damages its sintering.
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Pavlenko, Anatoliy, Irina Yakovleva, Andrii Cheilytko, and Rymma Matkazina. "Creation Highly Porous Refractory Insulation Material." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 7(1229) (May 13, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.07.12.

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Dolgikh, S. G., A. K. Karklit, A. V. Kakhmurov, and S. A. Suvorov. "Topaz as a refractory raw material." Refractories 34, no. 5-6 (May 1993): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01293239.

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Kazhikenova, S. Sh. "New Technology for Refractory Material Preparation." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 55, no. 2 (July 2014): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-014-9669-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refractory material"

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Dai, Chen. "Development of Aluminum Dross-based Material for Engineering Application." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/16.

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Aluminum dross is a by-product of Aluminum production. At present, dross is processed in rotary kilns to recover the Al, and the resultant salt cake is sent to landfills; although it is sealed to prevent from leaching, the potential for leaching exists and could harm the environment as the salt cake contains fluorides and other salts. Furthermore, much energy is consumed to recover the Al from the dross; this is energy that can be saved if the dross could be diverted and utilized as an engineering material. The objective of this work is to eliminate waste and instead utilize the waste in a natural cycle (closed loop) by using it as an engineered material. Three avenues were investigated to utilize the dross: (i) refractory materials; (ii) aluminum composites; (iii) high temperature additive for de-sulphurizing steel. We have found that the use of dross waste to manufacture refractory material has much merit. Mechanical property evaluations revealed the possibility for dross waste to be utilized as filler in concrete, resulting in a 40% higher flexural strength and a 15% higher compressive strength compared to pure cement. These results will be presented and discussed.
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Sobrosa, Fabiano Zanini. "Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/767.

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Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T12:34:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T12:37:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20
Com a intenção de agregar valor à cinza da casca de arroz, subproduto da indústria orizícola, e colaborar para um desenvolvimento sustentável do país, esta pesquisa buscou desenvolver materiais cerâmicos refratários com a substituição parcial da argila pela sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) produzida a partir da geração de energia elétrica. Atualmente, na região da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem várias usinas termoelétricas de biomassa para geração de energia elétrica através da queima da casca de arroz. Essa tecnologia vem ao encontro da necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética no país. A indústria orizícola produz no Brasil aproximadamente 12 milhões de toneladas por ano de arroz, e aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas por ano são convertidos em casca. Caso toda esta casca fosse queimada, gerar-se-iam aproximadamente 500 mil toneladas de cinza, a qual é rica em sílica. Portanto, viabilizar seu aproveitamento tende a reduzir o passivo ambiental, além dos benefícios econômicos. No presente trabalho foi analisado o efeito da substituição parcial da argila refratária por sílica da casca de arroz (SCA) nas propriedades mecânicas e termomecânicas dos materiais cerâmicos refratários produzidos, em percentuais de 5, 10 e 20%. Foram analisadas as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais através de ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos e dureza superficial Vickers. Analisaram-se também a retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente e resistência ao choque térmico. Conforme se aumentou a substituição parcial de argila refratária por SCA, foi obtido um melhor empacotamento da mistura granular e, consequentemente, ocorreu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas das amostras. Por outro lado, o material apresentou-se mais frágil, com menor resistência ao choque térmico. Não foi encontrada variação na retração linear após a queima, já a absorção de água e porosidade aparente diminuíram conforme se aumentou a substituição da argila pela SCA. A microestrutura do material foi analisada através de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raios-x, onde se identificaram as fases cristalinas na mineralogia do material resultante. Na análise da mineralogia do material observou-se um aumento de pico de cristobalita conforme se aumentou o teor de SCA na mistura, em função da cristalização da sílica livre. Um menor volume de porosidade foi encontrado conforme se aumentou o teor de substituição de argila pela SCA.
With the intention of adding value to rice husk ash, a byproduct of paddy industry, and contribute to sustainable development of the country, this research sought to develop refractory ceramic materials with refractory partial replacement of clay by silica from rice husk (SCA) produced from electricity generation. Currently on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there are several biomass power plants for generating electricity by burning rice husk. This technology comes against the need for diversification of energy sources in the country. The paddy industry in Brazil produces approximately 12 million tons of rice per year, of which approximately 2.5 million tons per year are converted into shell. If all this bark was burned, it would generate approximately 500 tons of ash, which is rich in silica. Thus enabling its use tends to reduce the environmental liability beyond economic benefits. In the present work, the effect of partial replacement of silica refractory clay for rice husk (SCA) on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of refractory ceramic materials was analyzed for percentages of 5, 10 and 20%. The mechanical properties of these materials were analyzed by testing compressive strength, direct-drive, three point bending and superficial hardness. We also analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to thermal shock. As increased the partial replacement of refractory clay for SCA in the mixture was obtained a better packing of the granular mixture and, consequently, better results in mechanical properties were found. On the other hand, the material appeared more brittle, with a lower thermal shock resistance. Was not found in the linear shrinkage after firing, the water absorption and apparent porosity decreased as the clay was increased by replacement SCA. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and x-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases identified in the mineralogy of the resulting material. The analysis of the mineralogy of the material was observed an increase of cristobalite peak was increased as the content of SCA, depending on the crystallization of the free silica. A smaller volume of porosity is found according to the increased content of clay replacement SCA.
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Jantan, Mohd Dahlan. "Chemical preservation of some refractory timber species of Malaysia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310381.

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The treatability of six Malaysian timbers namely Red Balau (Shorea guiso), Kapur (Dryobafanops aromatica), Kasai (Pometia pinnata), Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and Keruing (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) using the applied pressure processes (oscillating pressure, conventional Bethell and a modified Bethell process) was investigated. Treatments were carried out with a commercial water-borne copper-chromearsenic (CCA) preservative, known as Celcure-AP. The conventional Bethell process was the most effective method of wood treatment followed by the modified Bethell and the oscillating pressure process. While sufficient preservative retention and absorption was achieved in Kempas and Keruing to meet the Malaysian Standard MS 386 : 1986 specifications for exterior timber used in ground contact, the other four timbers - Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim did not fulfil this requirement, even when treated at the most extreme treatment conditions. Using the three pressure processes, seasoning period and treatment time were found to have significant effects on preservative retention and penetration in all timber species. Investigations into the effect of three pretreatment procedures - steaming, incising and ponding to improve the treatability of the six timber species were carried out. Incising was the most effective pretreatment procedure in enhancing the treatability of these timbers. However, at the highest incising density employed (4,500 incisions/m2), it was still not possible to treat Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim timber to achieve satisfactory target preservative retention and penetration. The less effective incising procedure was due mainly to the low incising density used. The possibility of improving the treatability of these four timber species further using higher incising densities and other methods of inCising pretreatment is discussed. Steaming, incising and ponding pretreatments had a pronounced effect on the strength properties of timbers based on reduction of their modulus of elasticity (M.D. E.), modulus of rupture (M.O.A.), compressive strength and hardness. The highest strength losses were observed in timbers that had been ponded for 6 months. Significant strength losses were also observed in incised and steamed timbers, but the magnitudes were lower than the 6 month ponding regime. This was attributed to low incising density and the short steaming period. The performance of Celcure-AP in the six timber species was evaluated in laboratory and field tests. In addition, a copper-azole formulation (Tanalith-3485) was also evaluated on Kempas timber. Laboratory tests involved exposure of treated wood blocks to five decay fungi - Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes versicolor, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placenta. The less durable timbers - Kempas and Keruing needed a higher loading of Celcure-AP in order to give equal performance compared to the more durable timbers - Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim. Based on copper retention in treated samples, a higher loading of Tanalith-3485 was required in Kempas to achieve comparable results to Celcure-AP treated samples. However, the concentration levels of Tanalith-3485 used in the present study were sufficient to afford protection to Kempas stakes exposed for 36 months in the field test. A longer exposure period is however, recommended for a full evaluation of timber/preservative combinations against wood deteriorating organisms under Malaysian conditions. In the field test, soft rot fungi were the main causal organisms in the attack of timbers in test site A (fungal test bed), while in test site B stake failure was due mainly to termite attack.
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Kuntamalla, Praveen Kumar. "Finite element simulation of creep behavior in enhanced refractory material for glass furnace." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3629.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-66).
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Sesler, Josh J. "Implementation of Refractory Foam Technology for Silencing Small IC Engines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35453.

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With the need for stealth in defense applications steadily increasing, noise reduction continues to play an important role in the world of aeronautics. With the ever increasing number of small UAV flight vehicle designs and their stringent weight requirements, acoustic solutions become progressively more complex. This thesis investigates the use of refractory foam, a new class of porous material, for designing effective silencers for small IC engines. The solution must be lightweight, compact, conformable, and capable of handling the rigors of flight. Throughout the course of this research, many silencer designs were fabricated to take advantage of refractory foam technology. These silencer designs were then tested against existing designs using both anechoic and outdoor testing techniques. These results proved refractory foam to be a superior broadband noise absorber that can survive harsh flight environment. Silencer designs using this material showed overall improvements in the areas of noise reduction, weight, size, and backpressure, compared to commercial designs. The final silencer design boasted an Aweighted overall sound pressure level that was 12.1 dBA lower than the reference case. This result was accomplished using nearly half the volume required by other designs to attain similar results.
Master of Science
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Takei, Klara, and Bergman Felicia Lindén. "Clogging Prevention in Submerged Entry Nozzles Focusing on CaTiO3 as a Coating Material." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128608.

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Brenneman, Chad. "Evaluating Worker Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium in Refractory Materials During Demolition Activities." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1267736529.

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Svantesson, Jonas. "Development Towards Sustainable Ironmaking : The IronArc Process." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Processer, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286031.

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The IronArc process is a novel process for a more sustainable production of liquid pig iron using electricity for heating and hydrocarbons for reduction. This thesis aims to facilitate its use by investigating possible refractory solutions and the gas blowing in the process which is done by a plasma generator. The process involves a slag with a high FeO content of 90 wt % and gangue content of approximately 5 wt % SiO2 and 5 wt % CaO. The interaction between such a slag and refractories of MgO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiC, ASZ,and C was investigated by high temperature experiments at 1700 K and by thermodynamic calculations in Thermo-calc and FactSage. In the high temperature experiments it was found that all of the studied refractory materials experienced signicant wear after 3 h, but the MgO-Al2O3 spinel refractories were the least affected. The thermodynamic calculations show fair agreement to the experiments, with the exception for the Cr2O3-spinel refractory which performed much worse than predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. It was concluded that the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations in Thermo-calc and Factsage can be used as an indicator for the stability of a refractory material, but with varying accuracy depending on the quality of the data in the database used. Since industrial refractory materials are not viable as refractory for the IronArc process a freeze-lining approach was evaluated by using CFD in ANSYS Fluent. The flow of a slag was simulated through two different designs of slag runner to investigate how well a freeze-lining protects the walls in a region with rapid flow and the cooling required to form and maintain said freeze-lining. It was found that the enthalpy porosity model in ANSYS Fluent in combination with the RSM turbulence model accurately predicts the thickness of a freeze lining when validated against experiments in the CaCl2-H2O system. For optimal protection of the refractory walls the reactor and runner should be designed to minimize the movement close to the walls as high near-wall turbulence will reduce the thickness and stability of the freeze-lining, leading to greater cooling requirements to maintain afreeze-lining. The IronArc process uses a plasma generator to supply heat to the reactor using electricity. By blowing gas and hydrocarbons through an electric arc, superheated gas is formed which when injected into the reactor provides both stirring and heating for the process. To study the behavior of the injected gas a simulation model was developed in OpenFOAM. The model for simulating gas blowing was tested in both incompressible and compressible simulations in the air-water system which were veried against an experimental study in the air-water system and found good agreement. The simulations of the plasma generator blowing were done in the compressible model to account for the high temperature and pressure present in the IronArc process. It was found that the stability of the gas blowing is dependent on the Froude number where low values cause an unstable and pulsating plume and higher values produce a more stable jet. It was also found that the empirical equation for penetration length is only valid for gas blowing with suciently high Froude numbers to produce a jetting behavior. It was found that the transition from pulsating to steady jetting in the IronArc system occurred around Froude numbers of 300 and higher values further increased the stability of the jet. For gas blowing below the transition region, the penetration length of the unstable and pulsating jet will be severely underpredicted by the empirical equation. This behavior must be considered when designing the gas blowing system for the IronArc process as the gas penetration length will signicantly influence the stirring in the reactor. Additionally, a pulsating and unstable jet produces large bubbles which risk coming in contact with the refractory walls which in previous studies has been shown to be very detrimental to the refractory lifetime. A decrease of the inlet diameter for the gas blowing increases the Froude number and the stability of the jet. By implementing the proposed refractory protection by freeze-lining and the small changes to the plasma generator inlet diameter the IronArc process can be developed into a promising industrial process capable of producing liquid pig iron in a more sustainable way.
Sammanfattning IronArc processen är en nytänkande metod för att producera flytande råjärn på ett mer hållbart sätt genom att använda elektricitet för uppvärmning och kolväten för reduktion. Denna avhandling ämnar att utvärdera möjliga metoder för att skydda infordingen i processen och undersöka gasblåsningen i processesen som görs med en plasma generator.   Ett av huvudstegen av IronArc processen är tillverkningen av en slagg med upp till 90 vikts % järnoxid samt 5 vikts % kiseldioxid och 5 vikts % kalciumoxid från gångarten. Interaktionen mellan en sådan slagg och olika infodringar baserade på MgO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiC, ASZ, och C undersöktes i högtemperaturexperiment vid 1700 K samt med termodynamiska beräknar i Thermo-calc och FactSage. Experimenten visade att alla de undersökta infodringsmaterialen bröts ned under de 3 timmar de var i kontakt med slaggen, men de två MgO-Al2O3 spinel baserade infodringarna visade högst motståndskraft mot slitaget. De termodynamiska beräkningarna överrensstämde bra med de experimentella resultaten för alla infodringsmaterial förutom den kromoxid baserade infodringen som bröts ned fullständigt trots att de termodynamiska beräkningarna påvisade viss stabilitet. Slutsatsen är att inget av de studerade infodringsmaterialen är bra anpassat för IronArc processen men att metoden som användes för de termodynamiska beräkningarna i Thermo-calc och FactSage kan användas för att ge en indikation om stabiliteten för olika infodringsmaterial i kontakt med slagg. Dock så kommer resultaten av de termodynamiska beräkningarna vara beroende av kvalitén av databasen som används för beräkningen.   Eftersom infodringsmaterialen inte kunde motstå slitaget från slaggen undersöktes en dynamisk infodring för slaggrännan i IronArc processen. Detta gjordes genom att simulera flödet och stelningen av slagg i flödesberäkningar i ANSYS Fluent i två olika typer av slaggrännor. Studien visade att enthalpy-porosity modellen för stelning samt RSM modellen för turbulens kunde förutspå stelningsförloppet i slaggrännan samt beskriva hur väl den dynamiska infodringen skyddar väggen och vilken kyleffekt som krävs för att bibehålla den. Denna modell validerades mot experimentella studier i CaCl2-H2O systemet med god överrensstämmelse. För optimalt skydd av väggarna i IronArc processen borde reaktorn och slaggrännan utformas så att flödet nära väggarna minimeras då ett turbulent flöde nära väggen är negativt för stabiliteten och tjockleken hos den dynamiska infodringen.   IronArc proceesen använder sig av en plasmagenerator för att förse processen med värme via elektricitet. Genom att blåsa gas och kolväten genom en ljusbåge värms gasblandningen och trycks in i reaktorn  vilket ger både värme och omrörning till processen. För att undersöka hur den varma gasen beter sig i reaktorn utvecklades en simuleringsmodell i OpenFOAM. Modellen utformades som både inkompressibel och kompressibel för blåsning av luft i vatten och jämfördes med experiment där gas blåstes i vatten. De båda modellerna överrensstämde bra med de experimentella resultaten och kunde därför användas för att studera gasflödet i IronArc processen. För simuleringen av IronArc processen valdes den kompressibla versionen av simuleringen då den tar hänsyn till de höga temperaturer och tryck som uppstår i reaktorn.   Simuleringarna visade att den inblåsta gasen kan ge en stabil gas-jet om Froude-talet för inblåset är tillräckligt högt. Om Froude-talet för gasblåsningen är för lågt så kommer gasen pulsera på ett instablit sätt och skapa stora bubblor som kommer i kontakt med infodringsmaterialet, vilket tidigare har påvisats orsaka ökat slitage på infodringsmaterialet. För IronArc processen krävdes ett Froude tal på ca 300 eller högre för att skapa en stabil jet av gas, där högre värden vidare ökar gas-jettens stabilitet. Studien visade också att den empiriska ekvationen som används för att beräkna penetrationslängden vid gasblåsning endast är korrekt om gasen är en stabil jet. Om ekvationen används för att beräkna penetrationslängden för gasblåsning med mindre än det krävda Froude talet kommer penetrationslängden kraftigt underskattas vilket kan medföra att fel beslut tas när en process utformas. Genom att minska diametern på dysan som används för gasblåsningen ökas Froude-talet och därmed stabiliteten av gasjetten, vilket gör den mer förutsägbar och bättre för processen.   För att vidare utveckla IronArc processen så bör den undersökta dynamiska infodringen samt de föreslagna modifieringarna till gasblåsningen användas. Då kan en lovande industriell process utformas som har möjlighet att producera flytande råjärn på ett mer hållbart sätt.    Keywords: IronArc, infodringsslitage, plasmagenerator, dynamisk infodring
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Wang, Huijun. "A Study on the Reaction between MgO Based Refractories and Slag-Towards the Development of Carbon-free Lining Material." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikro-modellering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214420.

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In present thesis, the fundamental studies on the reaction between MgO based refractories and slag were undertaken for the development of a carbon-free bonding MgO lining material. Alumina was selected as a potential binder material. Due to MgO-Al2O3 chemical reaction, the developed refractory was bonded by MgO·Al2O3 spinel phase. To begin with, an investigation of the dissolution process of dense MgO and MgO·Al2O3 spinel in liquid slag was carried out. To obtain reliable information for dissolution study, a new experimental method was therefore developed. In this method, a cylinder was rotating centrally in a special designed container with a quatrefoil profile. This method also showed a good reliability in revealing the dissolution mechanism by quenching the whole reaction system. The experimental results showed that the dissolution process of MgO and spinel was controlled by both mass transfer and chemical reaction. It was found that the rapid dissolution of spinel was mainly because of its larger driving force. To improve the resistance against slag penetration, two aspects were studied to develop carbon-free MgO refractory. First, colloidal alumina was used and the effect of its addition into MgO matrix was investigated. The use of colloidal alumina was to form bonding products in the grain boundary of MgO. The results showed that the alumina addition greatly improved the resistance of MgO based refractory against slag penetration in comparison with the decarburized MgO-carbon refractory. It was found that the improvement of resistance was mainly related to the spinel-slag reaction products of CaO·Al2O3 and CaO·MgO·Al2O3 solid phases at the grain boundaries. Second, the effect of particle size distribution on the penetration resistance of MgO was investigated. The most profound improvement against the slag penetration was obtained by using a proper particle size distribution. The results highlighted the importance of considering the refractory structure. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the dissolution mechanism of different types of MgO based refractories in liquid slag. It was observed that the dissolution of spinel bonded MgO refractory was much slower than the decarburized MgO-carbon refractory. The primary dissolution in spinel bonded MgO refractory occurred at the slag-penetrated layer, and the removal of this layer by peeling off enhanced the dissolution rate rapidly.

QC 20170918


European RFCS LEANSTORY project
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Jogdand, Surbhi Shivaji. "Some Study related to Refractory Waste Management in Sweden : A move towards a greener and sustainable Swedish steel industry." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286836.

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Decades  ago,  1  ton  of  steel  required  80  kg  of  refractory  material.  While  the  scenario  has completely changed over the years. Today, 1 ton of steel needs approximately 11 kg of refractory material   depending   on   the   steelworks.   Refractories   are   accustomed   to   high-temperature processes,  for  example,  producing  steel,  glass,  etc.  The amount of  spent  refractories has  also increased  with the increase in demand for its production. For the manufacturing of refractories, there is a tremendous use of virgin raw materials but with the increase in price and reducing raw material   sources,   it  will   be  difficult  to   continue  in  that   way  in  the  future.  While,  the environmental  concerns  in  steel  industries  are  increasing  on  a  rapid  scale  such  as  global environmental pollution, natural  resource conservation, and the most important increase in cost for  landfilling.  Therefore,  achieving  zero  waste  and  proper  usage  of  material  from  spent refractories is necessary for economic and environmental reasons in future. This project work focuses on collecting information regarding the refractory waste management for  aid  towards   more   sustainable  Swedish  steel  industries.  The  project  is  carried  out  in collaboration  with  KTH  Royal  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Swedish  steel  producers association  Jernkontoret.  This  work  focuses  on  a   survey   of  well-known  Swedish  steel companies Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT) AB and Höganäs AB. The scientific work concentrates on the investigation of MgO-C bricks mixed waste, collected from Mireco AB, up to a grain size of 20 mm. Three samples of varying compositions and different grain sizes were collected  from  the  recycling  site  and  processed  for  carbon  reduction.  On  several  trails,  the maximum  carbon  elimination  was  achieved at a  temperature higher than  800°C with holding time longer than 5h. The fines underwent mechanical pressing of 40 MPa to form pellets of 16 mm and 32 mm in diameter. The main traced elements of MgO, SiO2, CaO, Al2O3  and Fe2O3  can be utilized for applications in the agricultural industry. MgO is present in the maximum quantity (70-80%).  By  possible  extraction  of  MgO  from  the  fines  can  be  employed  in  the  crucible industry,  construction industry  and steel  industry for slag  formation. The MgO  in the form of supplements for magnesium deficient soils or calcium magnesium oxide for neutralizing the pH of  the  soil  by  balancing  the  acidity  can  be  employed.  The  compatibility of the  fines can be helpful  to  resolve  transportation  issues and benefit  convenient addition to processes. Overall, this  work  brings  to  the  fore  a  high  potential  for  using  such  waste  refractory  materials  forapplications besides landfilling with an emphasis on agriculture.
För decennier sedan krävde 1 ton stål 80 kg eldfast material. Medan scenariot har förändrats helt genom åren. Idag behöver 1 ton stål cirka 11 kg eldfast material beroende på stålverk. Eldfasta produkter är vana vid högtemperaturprocesser, till exempel produktion av stål, glas etc. Mängden förbrukade  eldfasta  produkter  har  också  ökat  med  ökad  efterfrågan  på  dess  produktion.  För tillverkning av eldfasta produkter finns det en enorm användning av jungfruliga råvaror men med prisökningen  och  minskade  råvarukällor  blir  det  svårt  att  fortsätta  på  det  sättet  i  framtiden. Medan  miljöproblemen  inom  stålindustrin  ökar  i  snabb  skala,  såsom  global  miljöförorening, bevarande av naturresurser och den viktigaste ökningen av kostnaderna för deponering. Därför är det  nödvändigt  att  i  framtiden  uppnå  noll  slöseri  och  korrekt  användning  av  material  från förbrukade eldfasta anläggningar av ekonomiska och miljömässiga skäl. Detta projektarbete fokuserar på att samla in information om eldfast avfallshantering för stöd till mer  hållbar  svensk  stålindustri.  Projektet  genomförs i samarbete  med KTH Royal  Institute of Technology och den svenska stålproducentföreningen Jernkontoret. Detta arbete fokuserar på en undersökning  av  välkända  svenska  stålföretag  Sandvik  Materials  Technology (SMT) AB  och Höganäs AB. Det vetenskapliga arbetet koncentrerar sig på undersökningen av blandat avfall av MgO-C-tegel,  samlat  från Mireco  AB, upp till en kornstorlek på 20 mm. Tre prover med olika kompositioner  och  olika  kornstorlekar  samlades  från  återvinningsstället  och  bearbetades  för kolreduktion. På flera stigar uppnåddes den maximala kolelimineringen vid en temperatur högre än 800 ° C  med en hålltid  längre än 5 timmar.  Böterna  genomgick mekanisk  pressning av 40 MPa  för att bilda pellets med 16 mm och 32 mm i diameter. De viktigaste spårade elementen i MgO,  SiO2,  CaO,  Al2O3 och Fe2O3  kan användas för applikationer inom jordbruksindustrin. MgO finns i den maximala kvantiteten (70-80%). Genom möjlig utvinning av MgO från böterna kan användas i degelindustrin, byggindustrin och stålindustrin för slaggbildning. MgO i form av tillskott  för  magnesiumbristjord  eller kalciummagnesiumoxid för neutralisering av jordens pH genom balansering  av surheten  kan användas. Böternas kompatibilitet kan vara till hjälp för att lösa transportproblem och gynna praktiska tillägg till processer. Sammantaget ger detta arbete en hög   potential   för   att   använda   sådana   eldfasta   avfallsmaterial   för   applikationer   förutomdeponering med tonvikt på jordbruk
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Books on the topic "Refractory material"

1

Vert, Thomas, ed. Refractory Material Selection for Steelmaking. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119219873.

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BV, Hoogovens Groep. Mathematical model for the determination of thermal spalling in refractory material on basis of the practical relationship of the appearance of rupture, physical properties and physical conditions. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Company, Harbison-Walker Refractories. Modern refractory practice: With special reference to the products of Harbison-Walker Refractories Company. 5th ed. Pittsburgh, PA: Harbison-Walker Refractories Company, 1992.

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Kopeĭkin, V. A. Ogneupornye rastvory na fosfatnykh svi͡a︡zui͡u︡shchikh. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1986.

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International Symposium on Refractories (1988 Hangzhou, China). Proceedings of International Symposium on Refractories: Refractory raw materials and high performance refractory products. Beijing, People's Republic of China: International Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Savitskii, E. M. Physical Metallurgy of Refractory Metals and Alloys. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Schacht, Charles A. Refractory linings: Thermomechanical design and applications. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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Pivinskiĭ, I︠U︡ E. Kvart︠s︡evai︠a︡ keramika i ogneupory. Moskva: Teploėnergetik, 2008.

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Beiss, P., R. Ruthardt, and H. Warlimont, eds. Powder Metallurgy Data. Refractory, Hard and Intermetallic Materials. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b83029.

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Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (5th 1997 New Orleans, La.). Proceedings of Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories: Fifth biennial worldwide congress : refractories, a worldwide technology. Westerville, Ohio: The American Ceramic Society, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refractory material"

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Satya Prasad, V. V., R. G. Baligidad, and Amol A. Gokhale. "Niobium and Other High Temperature Refractory Metals for Aerospace Applications." In Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, 267–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_12.

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Badmos, A. Y., and S. A. Abdulkareem. "New Porosity Inducing Material for Refractory Bricks." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 137–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470930953.ch15.

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Glassman, I., K. Brezinsky, and K. A. Davis. "Thermodynamics of Refractory Material Formation by Combustion Techniques." In Modern Research Topics in Aerospace Propulsion, 49–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0945-4_4.

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Tkach, Mike. "Refractory Wash Raw Material - Selection Criteria and End Results." In Whitewares and Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 2, 227. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294796.ch34.

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Piechnik, Bartosz, Rafał Kalbarczyk, Julita Bukalska, Przemysław Motyl, Krzysztof Olejarczyk, and Marcin Wikło. "Research on Development of the New Refractory Material Called OXITEC." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 571–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_56.

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Kwong, Jasper, and James P. Bennett. "Modeling the Reuse of Spent Basic Refractory Material in an EAF." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 1369–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch121.

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McCracken, W. H., and C. A. De Ferrari. "Andalusite, an under-Utilized Refractory RAW Material with Undeveloped High Potential." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 1127–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch191.

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Michel, R., M. R. Ammar, P. Simon, and J. Poirier. "Phase Transformation Impact on the Iron Diffusion in Olivine RAW Material Refractory." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 1141–45. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch193.

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Schacht, Charles Arthur. "Needed Fundamental Thermomechanical Material Properties for Thermomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Refractory Structures." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 93–101. 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081: The American Ceramic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118370940.ch5.

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Ma, Yuechu, Dominic J. Loiacona, and Floris Van Laar. "Innovative Graphitic Cast Able Utilized as both a Repair and Replacement Material for Carbonaceous Refractory." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 339–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch77.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refractory material"

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Saran, G. "Investigation of refractory thermal insulation material." In 2012 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2012.6357515.

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Moon, Young Tae, In Chul Ryu, Quan Zhou, Paul McMinn, and Chan Y. Paik. "Study of Refractory Material Installation in the Reactor Cavity." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31220.

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During a severe accident with a vessel failure, corium relocates from the vessel into the reactor cavity (PWR) or pedestal (BWR) and accumulates on top of the cavity floor to form a corium pool. This corium pool is hot enough to cause a Molten Corium-Concrete Interaction (MCCI) that can ablate the concrete structure even if water is present on top of the corium. MCCI will also produce steam and other gases that increase containment pressure as well as generate combustible gases (Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide). Current MAAP5* calculations with conservative assumptions have shown that the ablation depth in a basemat constructed of siliceous concrete can be larger than the depth of liner, even if the reactor cavity is flooded by water. To retain the melt in the containment and to cool the corium pool before the erosion reaches the liner plate, several approaches are being considered. One of these approaches is the installation of a protective layer on top of the concrete floor to retard MCCI. The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of different protective materials under postulated severe accident conditions. The candidates for the protective materials are refractory materials and limestone/limestone-common-sand (LCS) concrete. The refractory material was chosen based on the thermal performance and dissolution rate of the refractory material calculated by analytical calculations and also by MAAP5. Adding the refractory protective material protects the underlying concrete basemat from melting temporarily, so that water ingression into the surface of the corium is not initially affected by addition of the concrete material. *MAAP5 is an integrated severe accident code owned by the Electric Power Research Institute and developed by Fauske and Associates, LLC.
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May, Andrew, Jeff Snyder, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, and Mohamed S. El-Genk. "Lanthanum Telluride: Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Refractory Thermoelectric Material." In 008. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2845029.

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WANG, Li-Li, Hai-Bin KE, and Liang-Liang YUAN. "Application of Refractory Hematite in Pellets." In 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmea-16.2016.41.

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Vakalova, T. V., and A. A. Reshetova. "Refractory ceramics for aluminum electrolyzes based on clay raw material." In 2012 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2012.6357506.

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Morshed, Monir, Ziyuan Li, Benjamin C. Olbricht, Lan Fu, Ahasanul Haque, Li Li, and Haroldo T. Hattori. "Tungsten Refractory Plasmonic Material for High Fluence Bowtie Nano-antenna." In 2018 7th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccce.2018.8539300.

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Bases, Gary J. "Health and Safety Issues on Brick, Refractory and Insulation." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1683.

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The steam and power generating industries, like most, have to pay close attention to health and safety issues pertinent to its industry components. Each component of the boiler island has some special and unique issues that must be addressed. Brick, refractory, and insulation are no exception. They have very specific health and safety issues on just about every type of refractory and insulation material available on the market today. Not to mention the health and safety issues associated with the materials of products no longer manufactured but still found on existing construction. These industries must know about the health and safety issues associated with the products to be installed at their facilities. They must also familiarize themselves with those products that exist on their boilers. Ignorance is not an excuse and will save them no money when and if someone breaches an area that has a material that presents a health or safety issue. Proper material selection and proper preventive practices will prevent any potentially dangerous and health threatening issues. Paying close attention and following all health and safety requirements will protect the health and safety of those working in and around brick, refractory and insulation materials.
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Guler, Urcan, Wei Li, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander Kildishev, and Vladimir M. Shalaev. "Titanium Nitride as a Refractory Plasmonic Material for High Temperature Applications." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2014.fm4c.8.

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Furnish, M. D., D. H. Lassila, L. C. Chhabildas, and D. J. Steinberg. "Dynamic material properties of refractory metals: tantalum and tantalum/tungsten alloys." In Proceedings of the conference of the American Physical Society topical group on shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50652.

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Barnes, Adam E., Russell G. May, J. Pedrazzani, Kent A. Murphy, Richard O. Claus, Tuan A. Tran, Jonathan A. Greene, Stephen H. Poland, and Jack E. Coate. "Creep measurement of refractory material in high-temperature tensile loading tests." In Smart Structures & Materials '95, edited by William B. Spillman, Jr. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.207706.

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Reports on the topic "Refractory material"

1

Shannon, Steven, Jacob Eapen, Jon-Paul Maria, and William Weber. Novel Engineered Refractory Materials for Advanced Reactor Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1246903.

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Ferber, M. K., A. Wereszczak, and J. A. Hemrick. Comprehensive Creep and Thermophysical Performance of Refractory Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885151.

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Hemrick, James Gordon, Jeffrey D. Smith, Kelley O'Hara, Angela Rodrigues-Schroer, and Colavito. NOVEL REFRACTORY MATERIALS FOR HIGH ALKALI, HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049095.

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Hemrick, James Gordon. NOVEL REFRACTORY MATERIALS FOR HIGH ALKALI, HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024313.

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Hemrick, J. G., and R. Griffin. NOvel Refractory Materials for High Alkali, High Temperature Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024343.

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Katz, J. L. Investigation of the processes controlling the flame generation of refractory materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5720588.

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Katz, J. L. Investigation of the processes controlling the flame generation of refractory materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7249991.

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Xingbo Liu, Ever Barbero, Bruce Kang, Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan, James Headrick, and Carl Irwin. Multifunctional Metallic and Refractory Materials for Energy Efficient Handling of Molten Metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947111.

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Hall, G. E. M., and J. C. Pelchat. The Determination of Boron and Other Refractory Elements in Geological Materials By InductivelyCoupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120354.

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Katz, J. L. Investigation of the processes controlling the flame generation of refractory materials. Progress report, July 1, 1991--June 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10122527.

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