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Journal articles on the topic 'Refractory material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Tresvyatskii, S. G., K. K. Strelov, �. A. Visloguzova, Zh A. Vydrina, and V. A. Perepelitsyn. "Fused forsterite refractory material." Refractories 26, no. 7-8 (July 1985): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01399782.

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2

Zhang, Cai Li, and Xiao Qing Song. "Fabrication and Properties of New Building Materials by Reutilization Refractory Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.388.

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The utilization of domestic waste refractory materials are reviewed, and points out that China exists to the comprehensive utilization of waste refractory material in question, discusses the necessity of recycling of waste refractory material; focuses on the composite insulation board has the advantages of organic heat preservation material strength coefficient of heat conductivity of inorganic insulation materials of high and low flame retardant, for example discusses the feasibility of waste refractory materials used in building materials field, comprehensive recycling of waste refractory material resources and corresponding to focus attention on the utilization of the problems put forward their views.

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3

Zhao, Ding Guo, Shu Huan Wang, Xiao Jie Cui, and Jian Long Guo. "The Mechanism Research on the Refractory Material Corrosion in Material Engineering and its Applications." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.142.

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The mechanism of refractory material corrosion was analyzed. The laboratory amorphous alloy smelting of the mother prefabricated crucible, reaction process is basically to crucible refractory material of blast furnace slag corrosion, melt corrosion is small. Generally smelting amorphous mother alloy was a difficult thing, and it shown that the basicity was better around 1.0. Compared with quartz refractory, it is good to choose the silicon carbide refractory materials, while smelting amorphous alloy.

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4

Belitsky, V., V. Gubankov, V. Koshelets, G. Ovsyannikov, I. Serpuchenko, S. Shitov, M. Tarasov, and A. Vystavkin. "Refractory material SIS junction structures." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 2 (March 1987): 684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065119.

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5

Khranovskaya, T. M., N. N. Savanina, and O. P. D’yachenko. "A corundum-mullite refractory material." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 46, no. 1 (January 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-005-0035-0.

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6

Wan, Long Gang, Zhi Gang Huang, Shao Rong Song, Jia Ping Wang, and Jie Li. "A Newly Developed Self-Bonded SiC Refractory." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2078.

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Based on SiC aggregate, SiC powder and ultra-fine SiC powder as the main starting materials and B4C as additive, the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material was pressed and fired at 2200°C for 10 hours in Ar environment in the high-temperature furnace. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated. In the paper, traditional self-bonded SiC material and Si3N4-bonded SiC material were taken for comparison with the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material in terms of strength, thermal conductivity, cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance etc. The results show that the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material contains 98.42% α-SiC and presents obvious higher thermal conductivity than traditional self-bonded SiC material and much better cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance than traditional self-bonded SiC and Si3N4-bonded SiC materials.

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7

Cheng, Zhu, Jia Lin Sun, Fu Shen Li, Zhao You Chen, and Long Gang Wan. "Synthesis of MgAlON-Bonded MgO Refractory." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.769.

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Fused magnesite, α–Al2O3 micropowder and aluminum powder were used as starting materials to form MgAlON and MgAlON-bonded MgO materials in nitrogen atmosphere. Influence of technical conditions, such as composition, on formation of MgAlON was studied. Influence of vapouring of MgO in low PO2 atmosphere at high temperature on sintering of MgAlON-bonded MgO material was also discussed, showing that vapouring of MgO makes the material porous and damages its sintering.

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8

Pavlenko, Anatoliy, Irina Yakovleva, Andrii Cheilytko, and Rymma Matkazina. "Creation Highly Porous Refractory Insulation Material." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 7(1229) (May 13, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.07.12.

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9

Dolgikh, S. G., A. K. Karklit, A. V. Kakhmurov, and S. A. Suvorov. "Topaz as a refractory raw material." Refractories 34, no. 5-6 (May 1993): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01293239.

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10

Kazhikenova, S. Sh. "New Technology for Refractory Material Preparation." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 55, no. 2 (July 2014): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-014-9669-0.

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11

Zhao, Ding Guo, Shu Huan Wang, Xiao Jie Cui, and Jian Long Guo. "Research on Refractory Material Corrosion in Steelmaking Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.146.

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Researched on the refractory material corrosion by experiments. Each refractory was measured to take four different parts, and the average corrosion thicknesses of silicon carbide, quartz and corundum were 0.52mm, 1.03mm and 1.40mm. The corrosion of corundum refractory was most serious, and quartz refractory had a certain degree of corrosion, but it was not very serious. The corrosion of silicon carbide refractory was the least. In the experiment in intermediate frequency furnace, only upper and lower parts of slag line were connected to the refractory and the degree of corrosion was little for silicon carbide crucible. Slag part of the wall thickness was about 16.6mm after the reaction. Amorphous master alloy parts of the wall thicknessis about 16.9mm. For quartz crucible, refractory corrosion was much bigger, which was 10 mm thick before reaction. The erosion thick was about 2~3mm. It was a little thicker than corrosion experiment in static crucible.

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12

Nevřivová, Lenka, and David Zemánek. "Factors Influencing Mullite Formation in Refractory Grog." Solid State Phenomena 321 (July 26, 2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.321.149.

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The mineral mullite has many outstanding refractory properties. The content of aluminum oxide in the raw material is the basic factor influencing the content of mullite in the final product. Depending on Al2O3 content, silica-alumina materials can be divided into fireclay and high-alumina with the Al2O3 content of 45 % and more. The study describes the influence of raw material, the influence of homogenization of raw material and influence of firing temperature on the mullite formation in fireclay refractory material. Three kinds of refractory clay with different chemical composition were used as raw material for fireclay grog production. Three kinds of homogenization and three different temperatures were studied as factors influencing mullite formation. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to determine mullite content in material. Quantitative phase analysis was conducted by the Rietveld method. Mullite crystals morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.

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13

Mansurov, Zulkhair A., and Sergey M. Fomenko. "Carbonaceous Refractory Materials on SHS-Technology." Advances in Science and Technology 88 (October 2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.94.

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This study contains results of carbonaceous SHS-refractory materials application for binding of the graphite products and melting of metals in the induction furnaces. The opportunity of producing strong graphite-graphite bond up to 5 MPa by means of the carbonaceous refractory material that demonstrated high chemical stability in the aggressive liquid metals and alloys environment has been shown. The results of the industrial tests of melting crucibles made of carbonaceous SHS-refractory materials have been presented in the case of aluminium melting. It has been shown that such crucibles stability is 5-6 times higher than that of standard graphite crucibles in aluminium melting conditions. The obtained research results testify that developed carbonaceous material is applied for lining of the induction furnace of melting unit is allow to increase the number of nonferrous metals (bronze) melting cycles from 5 to 6 times in comparison with the traditional graphite crucible melting. High chemical stability of the material to oxidizing environment as well as to metal melts is provided by formation of high-melting compounds in the carbonaceous exothermic systems during SHS-process.

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14

Cheng, Guishi, Ying Zhao, Fei Long, Jiahe Zhang, Tengfei Zhao, Lu Liu, Xiaoqiang Wang, and Changqing Dong. "Analysis and Prediction of Corrosion of Refractory Materials by Sodium Salts during Waste Liquid Incineration—Thermodynamic Study." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214729.

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Incineration of high-content sodium salt organic waste liquid will corrode the refractory material in the incinerator, causing the refractory material to peel off and be damaged. A thermodynamics method was used to study the thermodynamic properties of three common sodium salts (NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4) on the corrosion of refractory materials (MgO·Cr2O3, MgO·Al2O3, Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3). The results determined that MgO has the best corrosion resistance and is not corroded by the three sodium salts. On this basis, the thermodynamic corrosion experiments of NaCl corrosion of magnesium oxide at three temperatures of 600, 1000 and 1200 °C were carried out. Analysis of the corrosion product by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed no corrosion product formation. Studies have shown that thermodynamic calculation can accurately predict the thermodynamic mechanism of alkali metal corrosion to refractory materials, and MgO is a good anti-alkali metal corrosion refractory material.

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15

Khoirudin, Khoirudin. "OPTIMASI DESAIN PADA DINDING FURNACE DENGAN TEMPERATUR KERJA 1000 C." JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v3i1.1054.

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The aims of this research is to study and analysis on furnace walls with variation of hot face lining material types, variation of refractory material types, and variation of thickness of insulating materials to outer wall temperature at furnace with working temperature 1000 oC. This research uses a variety of hot face lining material in the form of ceramic fiber blanket with CR1260, CR1400, and CR1430, variations of refractory material in the form of refractory brick with the type NJM-20, NJM-23, and NJM-26, and using ROCKWOOL as an insulating material with a thickness variation of 50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm. This research was simulated using Steady State Thermal ANSYS Mechanical (ANSYS Multiphysic) software. The result of the research shows the difference of the outer wall temperature value of the furnace. The highest wall temperature is in interaction with the wall without insulation, hot face lining material using CR1260, and NJM-26 as refractory material is 75.211 oC. While the lowest wall temperature is in the interaction of 100 mm thick insulation, hot face lining material using CR1430, NJM-20 as refractory material is 46.682 oC.

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16

Khalil, N. M. "Refractory aspects of Egyptian alum-waste material." Ceramics International 27, no. 6 (January 2001): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(01)00022-0.

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17

Perepelitsyn, V. A., I. V. Kormina, and P. A. Karpets. "Material Composition and Properties of Refractory Bauxites." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 46, no. 5 (September 2005): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-006-0011-3.

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18

Kashcheev, I. D., K. G. Zemlyanoi, I. V. Kormina, and S. V. Markova. "Effect of surfactants on refractory material properties." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 53, no. 5 (January 2013): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-013-9515-9.

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19

Karhu, Marjaana, Bob Talling, Patrycja Piotrowska, Alba Matas Adams, Abirami Sengottuvelan, Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta, Aldo R. Boccaccini, and Pertti Lintunen. "Ferrochrome Slag Feasibility as a Raw Material in Refractories: Evaluation of Thermo-physical and High Temperature Mechanical Properties." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 12 (May 21, 2020): 7147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01092-4.

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AbstractThis paper reports the characteristics of ferrochrome slag and its feasibility as aggregate in refractories aiming to substitute virgin refractory raw materials. Refractory castable specimens were formulated with ferrochrome slag as an aggregate and commercial calcium aluminate cement as a binder. Objective was to prepare refractory specimens with a maximum slag utilization but simultaneously to sustain good properties, comparable to those of virgin raw material refractory products. Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the cured, dried and sintered specimens were characterized. Cold crushing strengths of best performing ferrochrome slag containing specimens were higher than 90 MPa and compressive strength values measured at 1200 °C were over 9 MPa. Thermal insulation properties were even better than those of commercial refractory reference, showing thermal conductivity values as low as λRT−1000 °C = 1.3 − 0.9 W/m K. The liquid phase formation above 1200 °C limits the ferrochrome slag use for refractory applications. Results suggest ferrochrome slag’s feasibility as an aggregate raw material for refractory materials up to temperatures of 1200 °C in air and up to temperatures of 700 °C in acidic gaseous atmosphere. Possible applications for this kind of novel refractory materials are, e.g., insulating secondary layers or bottom zones in metallurgical processes to substitute virgin refractories. A direct contact to molten metal must be avoided, but they are applicable as, e.g. floorings when exposed only to occasional melt droplets. Graphic Abstract

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20

Šolc, Marek, Martin Kotus, Eva Grambalová, Juraj Kliment, and Pavol Palfy. "Impact Of Corrosion Effect On The Quality And Safety Of Refractory Materials." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0097.

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AbstractThe quality of refractory materials plays an important role especially in high temperature processes. In case of violation of qualitative properties of refractory materials, the safety of the use of the technological equipment in which these materials are used is compromised. The requirements on the quality of refractories and their properties are now high, as their operating life should be as long as possible. The aim of the article is to point out the quality of refractory material in contact with corrosive media, to analyze the technological factors that affect the quality and safety of technological equipment. An analysis of the refractory material, as well as the analysis of the melt was performed. Subsequently, an experiment was realized, which was evaluated by macroscopic analysis and chemical analysis. After the experiments, we found that the melt had penetrated the masonry and consequently created corrosion layers in the masonry. These layers have affected the life of the material and reduced the safety of the technological equipment in which they were used.

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21

Ziemnicki, Mariusz, Alireza Rezaie, Mark Snyder, and Priyadarshi Desai. "Novel Magnesia Carbon Slide Gate Refractory Material for Corrosive Steel Application." Advances in Science and Technology 70 (October 2010): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.70.141.

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Slide gates are used to control the flow rate of molten steel in continuous casting. The properties that are important for materials for slide gate application are corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, abrasion resistance, and strength. However, operating conditions and in particular steel chemistries vary by shop and require development of different refractory material qualities. Alumina-carbon refractories are the prevalent family for slide gate application due to their superior thermo-mechanical properties. However, they suffer from extensive corrosion in aggressive applications. On the other hand, magnesia based refractories show promising corrosion resistance, but they are poor in terms of thermal shock and abrasion resistance. A novel approach using material based solution was employed to utilize a combination of properties of both refractory material families. This approach resulted in a material composite that jointly exhibits the thermomechanical properties and abrasion resistance of alumina based refractory and the corrosion resistance of magnesia based refractory. This paper will present the properties, key limiting factors, and results of usage at three steel plants.

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22

Li, Hong, Jin Shu Cheng, and Xin Jiang Long. "Study on Corrosion Mechanism of CAS Glass-Ceramic to Refractories by EPMA." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1663.

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CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) glass-ceramic is a novel material developed in recent years. It has a number of excellent properties, such as shining appearance, high strength, and good erosion resistance. So its practical prospect is wide. Many glass and ceramic scientists have studied this glass-ceramic, but there have been no publication made regarding corrosion mechanism. In order to choose the most suitable refractory materials for melting furnace for this glass-ceramic system, the corrosion and erosion mechanism must be investigated. The results can then be used to design the furnace and predict the life of the melting furnace. Also such investigation will reveal the extent of contamination of the final glass-ceramic product. According to the experiment that the glass liquid corrodes refractory materials in static condition, various effective material test method were used, especially Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using EPMA, the chemical species, morphology, size and distribution of refractory materials corroded can be observed, so we know the microstructure of refractory materials prior to and after being corroded as well as the features of changing. In this paper, the authors present the features of refractory materials microstructure prior to and after being corroded by means of analyzing these pictures, which is very useful to provide the reliable theory to establish the mechanism that CAS glass-ceramic liquid corrodes the refractory materials.

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23

Jogl, Marcel, Pavel Reiterman, Ondřej Holčapek, Filip Vogel, and Petr Konvalinka. "Refractory Composites with Mineral Additive." Materials Science Forum 824 (July 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.824.49.

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Present paper deals with experimental study of refractories manufactured with environmentally friendly materials. Performed research was focused on the development of new type of high temperature resistant composites with mineral addition applied as cement supplementary material. To reach suitable resistance to temperatures was chosen binder system based on aluminous cement which was modified by metashale. Developed composites went through the gradual thermal loading and residual mechanical and basic physical properties were investigated. Realized program confirmed good potential for practical utilization of metashale as an aluminous cement replacement. Present research offer an interesting way of reducing of costs and negative environmental impacts.

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24

Olalere, A. A., S. S. Yaru, and O. A. Dahunsi. "Evaluation of the chemical and thermo-physical properties of locally aggregated kaolin-based refractory materials." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 4743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.27.0397.

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There is a continuous demand for refractory materials to meet the increasing expansion of industries and plants. Local clay materials are being explored to augment the inadequate supply of refractory materials. This study therefore evaluated the suitability of locally aggregated kaolin as refractory material. The kaolin was aggregated from Ipinsa kaolin, termite hill materials and bentonite in the ratio 5:4:1 by mass. Chemical analysis carried out on the materials using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) Equipment revealed that the kaolin aggregate had a composition of 37.22% alumina (Al2O3) and 51.93% silica (SiO2). The Ipinsa kaolin comprised Al2O3 at 43.05% and SiO2 53.91%, termite hill material (Al2O3 22.69%, SiO2 58.83%) and bentonite had 23.10% Al2O3 and 55.40% SiO2. It shows that Ipinsa kaolin can be used for refractory materials in furnaces, kilns and stoves while the aggregated clay can be used in applications requiring more superior refractory properties. The thermo-physical analysis of the aggregated clay revealed a bulk density of 1.84 g/cm3, apparent porosity 31.54%, linear shrinkage 4.00%, thermal shock resistance 40+ and refactoriness 1900 oC. The refractoriness indicated that the aggregated clay is also suitable for use as ceramic fibre within the temperature range of 1800 and 2000 oC.

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25

Šťastník, Stanislav, František Šot, and Jiří Vala. "Material Properties of Refractory Concrete under High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1126 (October 2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.155.

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The paper presents the validation of physical properties of refractory concrete with heavy filling, using the measurements under high temperature, assumed for the construction of a thermal storage. The whole system, consisting of the storage core and of the insulation container, is characterized by non-stationary thermal transfer, supplied from solar radiation into the core. The validation of behaviour of the system (including its sleeping state and the dynamics of charging and discharging) is needed for the optimization of its size parameters.

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26

Ascherman, Jeffrey A., Catherine J. Hunter, and David R. Bickers. "Refractory Eczematous Dermatitis Associated With Retained Suture Material." Annals of Plastic Surgery 56, no. 2 (February 2006): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000192125.59373.9e.

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27

E.O, Obidiegwu, Bodude M.A, and Esezobor D.E. "Suitability of Steel Slag as a Refractory Material." Journal of Metallurgical Engineering 3, no. 3 (2014): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14355/me.2014.0303.04.

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28

Mineev, V. N., A. I. Funtikov, F. A. Akopov, A. A. Akopyan, B. M. Barykin, N. S. Bel'maz, M. V. Golovin, et al. "Thermomechanical Stability of a Zirconia-Based Refractory Material." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 44, no. 6 (November 2003): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:refr.0000016772.08149.ae.

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29

Orłowicz, A. W., M. Mróz, M. Tupaj, A. Trytek, B. Kupiec, M. Korzeniowski, D. Pająk, K. Sondej, and L. Kozak. "An Assessment of Appropriateness of the Choice of Parameters for Refractory Stampings Fabrication Process." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0026.

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Abstract The paper presents results of an analysis of material density distribution in stampings press-moulded in metal dies from raw refractory materials based on alumina-magnesia-carbon aggregate. The stampings, fabricated on LAEIS HPF 1250 pressing machine, are blanks from which refractory precast shapes are manufactured by means of drying and firing. Samples for material density evaluation were cut out from test stampings with the use of diamond-reinforced disc. Density of the material was determined in thirteen layers of stampings denoted with letters A through M.

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30

Kimura, Hiroshi, and Ingrid Mann. "Material Processing of Interstellar Dust in Comets." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600016373.

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AbstractTo better understand the processing of pristine materials in comets, we compare the composition of cometary and interstellar dust. We suggest that the deficit of N in comet dust bears evidence for the processing of the organic refractory mantle of pre-solar interstellar dust, unless it arises from the protosolar disk chemistry. The amorphous silicate core, in contrast, seems to be protected against processing due to the presence of the organic refractory mantle.

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31

Nikitin, K. V., A. V. Sokolov, V. I. Nikitin, and N. V. D’yachkov. "THE USE OF ALUMINUM SLAG RECYCLING PRODUCTS IN INVESTMENT CASTING TECHNOLOGIES." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 6 (December 14, 2018): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-6-58-71.

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The studies of fractional, chemical and phase compositions of aluminum-containing slags of different origin found that slags are multi-component systems consisting of metal and non-metal parts. The non-metal part contains water-soluble and water-insoluble components. A practical scheme for recycling aluminum-containing slags was proposed in order to isolate the water-insoluble component to be further used a secondary refractory dusting material. It was found that the secondary refractory dusting material has a positive effect on the quality of refractory ceramic molds in investment casting and the surface finish of experimental aluminum castings. This material improves the strength of refractory ceramic molds by 9 times in comparison with silica sand molds and increases gas permeability by 15 % to 33 % in comparison with fused alumina and silica sand molds, respectively. The study covers the processes used to produce refractory ceramic molds based on the secondary refractory dusting material. The mechanism of interaction between dusting material particles and suspension is theoretically justified in terms of colloid chemistry. Negatively charged aluminum hydroxide micelles appear when ceramic mold layers are formed using the secondary refractory dusting material. Interaction between differently charged Al(OH)3 and SiO2 micelles makes secondary refractory dusting material particles come in close contact with each other. The theoretically justified processes of ceramic mold layer formation with the secondary refractory dusting material make it possible to explain the reduction in the surface roughness of castings made of AK9ch aluminum casting alloy using investment casting by 3.7 times compared with standard production processes.

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32

Alhussein, Abdulaziz, Piotr R. Scheller, and Wen Yang. "Reaction between MgO-SiO2 refractory material and Fe-Al alloy." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018079.

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The interaction between molten Fe-Al alloy containing 5.1 wt.% aluminium and MgO-SiO2-based refractory was investigated. In high-frequency induction furnace at 1550 °C refractory samples were immersed in liquid alloy for 1 min, 2 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 60 min. Scanning electron microscope was employed to investigate phases at the interface and inclusions in the Fe-Al alloy. Forsterite phase in refractory was transformed to MgO·Al2O3 spinel, owing to the reduction of iron oxide and silica in forsterite by aluminium in the Fe-Al alloy at the interface. The interface layer separated locally from the refractory material and formed cluster and single particles in the Fe-Al alloy. In view on the reaction rate, the disintegration of the refractory material increased the reaction area but interfered with increasing thickness of the spinel layer. The dissolution rate of silica into the molten alloy decreased with increasing the reaction time because of the slowed down transport of aluminium diffusing through increasing spinel layer became the rate controlling step.

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33

Boenzi, Francesco, Joaquín Ordieres-Meré, and Raffaello Iavagnilio. "Life Cycle Assessment Comparison of Two Refractory Brick Product Systems for Ladle Lining in Secondary Steelmaking." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051295.

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This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of two types of refractory bricks for the internal lining of ladles in secondary steelmaking, where the dissolved inclusions coming from the refractory material require fine control to obtain the target steel quality. In this context, magnesia-carbon-based refractories are largely utilized, thanks to the adequate durability of the ladle lining in terms of number of heats before re-lining, but the utilization of organic binders in the mixture (pitch, resins) arises ecological and human health concerns. Concurrently, research efforts in refractory material science look at improving the quality of steel by reducing the content of dissolved carbon due to the release from the bricks, thus focusing on different refractory materials and specifically on alumina-based materials. The European Commission funded the research project “LeanStory”, aiming to promote such new lines of refractories through the cooperation between industrial partners and scholars where different recipes are considered. In the present paper, two representative systems of the refractory types considered, magnesia-carbon and magnesia-alumina, are compared with a preliminary Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Suppliers and transports for the two product systems have been taken into account, referring to one tonne of refractory material as the functional unit for comparison. Preliminary impact results (adopting the ReCiPe Midpoint–Hierarchist perspective methodology for calculating the impact indicators) show that the new solution performs largely better almost for each indicator. Further investigations are required in order to assess the ecological performance of the two systems, considering the effective consumption of bricks for the production of steel.

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Tian, Lin, Shu Jiang Chen, Xiao Ning Zhang, and Guo Hua Li. "Preparation of the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-C Sliding Nozzle Using Recovery Refractory and Improvement of its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1800–1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1800.

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Utilization of waste refractory material has attracted much attention due to the development of metallurgical industry and the requirements of environmental protection. This article mainly researched on the Al2O3-ZrO2-C sliding nozzle that prepared using its recovery refractory and some other new materials. The addition of the recovery material leads to the formation of ZrO2compound. The performance of the sliding nozzle is enhanced by controlling its microstructure, including the improvement of strength under cold and high temperature, and increase in slag resistance.

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Wang, Yan, Qing Xiao Li, Shuo Ming Wang, and Peng Long Han. "Study of Inclusion’s Source and Character in Different T[O] Content." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.187.

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Inclusion’s source and character in different T[ content are studied in the paper, molten slag and refractory material that leave in steel are also calculated. Inclusion in steel are principally come from deoxidation, accompany with the decrease of T[ content, influence of molten slag and refractory materials to inclusions are getting more and more serials. Inclusions which come from molten slag and refractory material are 88.9%, 24.6% and 18.1% defenetly. Great influence on non steady large inclusions in T[ steel, when the mold level fluctuation is large, almost 100% of inclusions in steel have slag inclusion of covering slag. When tundish liquid level fluctuation is large, about 30%~60% inclusions in steel have tundish slag.

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Šimurka, Peter, Jozef Kraxner, Peter Vrábel, and Tomáš Paučo. "Mechanism of AZS Refractory Corrosion in Barium Soda Lime Potassium Silicate Glass Melt." Key Engineering Materials 702 (July 2016): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.702.125.

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Al2O3 - ZrO2 - SiO2 refractory corrosion in barium soda lime potassium silicate glass melt have been studied. The composition of glass phase of unused AZS and the concentration profiles of the principal oxides in the glass phases of corroded AZS materials were determined. The refractory samples have been taken from the melting parts of a furnace after production termination as well as from the material where the laboratory static corrosion tests have been conducted. SEM and EDX analysis have been provided on the samples located in the part above and below the metal line corrosion.The corrosion mechanism of refractories in glass melt consists of diffusion of alkalis (Na, K, Ca, Ba) from the glass melt into the refractory, dissolution of the Al2O3 and ZrO2 in the glass phase, diffusion of Zr and Al from the refractory into the glass melt, creation and erosion of the boundary layer area.In the part, where the refractory is not in contact with the glass melt, the mechanism is characterized by a dissolution of alumina in refractory glass phase, diffusion of alkalis in glass phase from the refractory part below the glass level into the upper part, condensation and diffusion of evaporated volatile components of glass melt into the refractory material.

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Sagadin, Christoph, Stefan Luidold, Christoph Wagner, Christoph Pichler, Daniel Kreuzer, Alfred Spanring, Helmut Antrekowitsch, Amy Clarke, and Kester Clarke. "Thermodynamic Refractory Corrosion Model for Ferronickel Manufacturing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02077-x.

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AbstractA thermodynamic model, based on SimuSage, was developed to simulate refractory corrosion between a magnesia-based refractory material and ferronickel (FeNi) slags. The model considers a theoretical cross-section of a refractory material to simulate a ferronickel smelter application. The current model is structured into 10 zones, which characterize different sectors in the brick (hot to cold side) perpendicular to the refractory surface with an underlying temperature gradient. In each zone, the model calculates the equilibrium between the slag and a specified amount of refractory material. The emerging liquid phases are transferred to subsequent zones. Meanwhile, all solids remain in the calculated zone. This computational process repeats until a steady state is reached in each zone. The simulation results show that when FeNi slag infiltrates into the refractory material, the melt dissolves the magnesia-based refractory and forms silicates (Mg,Fe,Ca)2SiO4 and Al spinel ((Mg,Fe)Al2O4). Furthermore, it was observed that iron oxide from the slag reacts with the refractory and generates magnesiowustite (Mg,Fe)O. Practical lab-scale tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) characterization confirmed the formation of these minerals. Finally, the refractory corrosion model (RCM) ultimately provides a pathway for improving refractory lifetimes and performance.

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Rieth, Michael, Dave Armstrong, Bernhard Dafferner, Sylvia Heger, Andreas Hoffmann, Mirjam Diana Hoffmann, Ute Jäntsch, et al. "Tungsten as a Structural Divertor Material." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.11.

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Refractory materials, in particular tungsten base materials are considered as primary candidates for structural high heat load applications in future nuclear fusion power plants. Promising helium-cooled divertor design outlines make use of their high heat conductivity and strength. The upper operating temperature limit is mainly defined by the onset of recrystallization but also by loss of creep strength. The lower operating temperature range is restricted by the use of steel parts for the in- and outlets as well as for the back-bone. Therefore, the most critical issue of tungsten materials in connection with structural divertor applications is the ductile-to-brittle transition. Another problem consists in the fact that especially refractory alloys show a strong correlation between microstructure and their manufacturing history. Since physical and mechanical properties are influenced by the underlying microstructure, refractory alloys can behave quite different, even if their chemical composition is the same. Therefore, creep and thermal conductivity have been investigated using typical commercial tungsten materials. Moreover, the fracture behavior of different tungsten based semi-finished products was characterized by standard Charpy tests which have been performed up to 1100 °C in vacuum. Due to their fabrication history (powder mixing, pressing, sintering, rolling, forging, or swaging) these materials have specific microstructures which lead different fracture modes. The influence of the microstructure characteristics like grain size, anisotropy, texture, or chemical composition has been studied.

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Liu, Yan Ping, Yang Liu, and Ji Yu Qi. "Wear Resistant and Refractory Nonmetal Material of CFB Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.287.

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The key in restricting CFB (circulating fluidized bed) boiler running was material selection, construction fixing, pouring, coating, structure designing and running mode of wear resistant and refractory nonmetal material. Based on the comparison of CFB boiler and PC boiler, this paper expatiated on the failure, abrasion mechanism, material capability and selecting material principle of wear resistant and refractory nonmetal material, pointed out mistakes of utility boilers material selection and arranged reasonable principle of selecting material from the angle of improving working life of boiler and enhancing wearing resistance property of boiler.

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Kapustin, R. D., and E. S. Moisis. "About the effect of additives on the physicomechanical characteristics of high-strength AS-materials." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-1-24-26.

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The results of studies of the effects of high temperatures on high-refractory unshaped materials based on refractory oxides and silicides are given. The effect of mineral additives on their characteristics and physicomechanical characteristics is also shown. It has been established that unshaped aluminosilicate materials based on electrofusion or tabular material are able to work without loss of their properties at operating temperatures not lower than 1600 ºC. The introduction of carbon or basalt microfiber into the material makes it possible to reduce the volume and diameter of coronal refractories, but at the same time increases their linear average when exposed to high temperatures. Ill. 3. Ref. 2. Tab. 4.

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Fajri, Novila Rojabni, Rusiyanto Rusiyanto, Rahmat Doni Widodo, Wirawan Sumbodo, and Deni Fajar Fitriyana. "Pengaruh Thermal Shock dan Komposisi Evaporation Boats, Semen Tahan Api, dan Pasir Silika terhadap Kekuatan Impact dan Foto Makro Lining Refractory." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.2.

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<p>The thermal shock behavior of ceramic refractory materials is of particular interest. Refractory materials are submitted to local temperature gradients in service that originate thermal stresses and thermal shock damage to the material. However, thermal shock treatment on the refractory made from evaporation boat waste is not well documented. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of thermal shock on the strength of refractory with various compositions. In this study, the refractory was made using 100% refractory cement (sample 1). For Sample 2, the refractory was made from a mixture of refactory cement and evaporation boats waste, each of 50%: 50%. Meanwhile, specimen 3 of the refractory is made from a mixture of refactory cement, evaporation boat waste, and silica sand of 40%: 50%: 10%, respectively. The Thermal shock treatment is carried out at a temperature range of 100 – 700<sup>o</sup>C for each specimen. The effect of thermal shock treatment on the mechanical properties of each refractory specimen was investigated using the impact and macrography test. Temperature variations in thermal shock have different effects on the level of impact strength on impact test specimens. The lowest strength was 0,012297735 J/mm<sup>2 </sup>at thermal shock 700<sup>0</sup>C in sample 3, and the highest impact strength was 0,03928934 J/mm<sup>2</sup> at 400<sup>o</sup>C thermal shock temperature in sample 2. The macrographic examination shows the higher the thermal shock temperature, the greater the fracture produced when the impact test is carried out. This is because the hardness of the refractory material increases.</p>

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Chlup, Zdeněk, Ivo Dlouhý, Aldo Roberto Boccaccini, D. N. Boccaccini, Cristina Leonelli, and M. Romagnoli. "Thermal Shock Resistance of Cordierite-Mullite Refractory Composites." Key Engineering Materials 290 (July 2005): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.290.260.

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The design of composite materials leads to the development of multi-component systems where each constituent has a specific function in the material, from technological and/or application points of view. Examples of such composite systems are the cordierite-mullite refractory materials investigated in this contribution. Two different commercially available compositions were selected for evaluation of the influence of microstructure on fracture behaviour under thermal shock conditions. The materials were exposed to water-quench tests from 1250°C and subsequently the fracture toughness was evaluated using the chevron notched specimen technique. The results were compared to those obtained on as-received materials. Microstructural damage was also studied applying fractographic techniques with the aim to gain knowledge on the thermal shock damage mechanisms acting in the materials.

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43

Nikiforov, A. S., E. V. Prihod'ko, A. K. Kinzhibekova, and A. E. Karmanov. "Refractory material moisture metering when heating high-temperature units." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-4-56-59.

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The specifics of the drying process of the lining of hightemperature units are described, in particular, the average drying rate is analyzed. The adequacy of the proposed mathematical dependencies is confirmed by comparing the results obtained by calculation, and experimental data obtained at the laboratory bench. The research results can be used to develop a schedule for heating high-temperature units after major repairs to remove moisture.

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Yu, Hengji, Michael G. Huber, and Friedrich W. Froben. "Laser ablation of refractory material, cluster formation and deposition." Applied Surface Science 86, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(94)00403-x.

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Saurav, Kumar, Manas Ranjan Majhi, and Vinay Kumar Singh. "Introduction to porous spinel for refractory (high temp) material." Perspectives in Science 8 (September 2016): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.01.007.

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46

Kuznetsova, T. V., and N. S. Tret'yakova. "Development of Compositions for Refractory Material Containing Aluminomagnesian Spinel." Glass and Ceramics 61, no. 5/6 (May 2004): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:glac.0000043078.27925.b4.

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Seiler, Jean Marie, Gilles Ratel, Hervé Combeau, Xiaoyang Gaus-Liu, Frank Kretzschmar, and Alexei Miassoedov. "Transient refractory material dissolution by a volumetrically-heated melt." Nuclear Engineering and Design 280 (December 2014): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.09.025.

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Akopov, F. A., and L. B. Borovkova. "High-refractory electroconductive ceramic material based on cerium dioxide." High Temperature 49, no. 6 (November 30, 2011): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x11060022.

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Bagheri, Shahin, Nikolai Strohfeldt, Monika Ubl, Audrey Berrier, Michael Merker, Gunther Richter, Michael Siegel, and Harald Giessen. "Niobium as Alternative Material for Refractory and Active Plasmonics." ACS Photonics 5, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 3298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00530.

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Kim, Young-Moo, Eun-Pyo Kim, Seong Lee, and Joon-Woong Noh. "Application of Refractory Metal Powders to Military Material Fields." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 14, no. 4 (August 28, 2007): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2007.14.4.221.

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