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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery

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Academic literature on the topic 'Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery"

1

Lebedev, B., L. Knaub, E. Lebedeva, and E. Pavlishko. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE AMMONIA HERMETIC SMALL REFRIGERATION MACHINE." Аграрний вісник Причорномор'я, no. 94 (December 25, 2019): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2019.94.20.

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The article focuses on the study of the design parameters of small refrigerating machines. This article shows practical studies of the dependence of the energy parameters of the refrigerating machine on its design features.In particular, the dependence of the coefficient of performance upon the superheating of steam at the suction in the compressor was studied, and preventing method of such overheating for small refrigerating machines was proposed. At the second stage the possibility of using a regenerative heat exchanger in an ammonia refrigerating machine was examined. The advantages of its use are shown. In general, the possibility of increasing the refrigeration efficiency by changing design parameters of the refrigerating machine is shown.

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Krivtsov, D. V., and A. F. Porutchikov. "Development and investigation of refrigerating machine with dosage filling ammonia." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 1-3 (May 10, 2014): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67596.

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The paper considers the low refrigeration capacity ammonia refrigerating machine. New technical solutions are proposed to decrease ammonia capacity, to scale-up the operating safety and to provide self-acting unsupervised automatic mode. The method of constructing a mathematical model and analysis of the refrigeration machine operation is described.

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Kirillov, N. G. "Stirling Refrigerating Machines — Promising Equipement for Moderate Refrigeration." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 41, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-005-0123-5.

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Fot, A. N., and D. K. Melnikov. "Features of calculation of refrigerating machines with combined cooling of condensers taking into account climatic and economic factors." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 5, no. 4 (2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2021-5-4-17-23.

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A method for calculating refrigerating machines with a condensation unit implementing water and air cooling methods is proposed taking into account the economic and climatic features of the calculated region. Since economic and climatic factors have different degrees of influence on the energy efficiency and efficiency of refrigerating machines over the entire range of changing temperatures of cooling media, the results of calculating refrigerating machines according to the proposed methodology allow making informed decisions about the layout of the condensation unit both at the design stage and at the stage of developing a program for managing the refrigeration unit throughout the year. A comparative analysis of refrigerating machines with combined cooling of condensers for the regions of Omsk and Berlin is carried out. The most significant influence of the climatic factor at low temperatures of the cooling air and the influence of the cost of cooling water at high air temperatures were revealed.

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Danilishin, A. M., and Y. V. Kozhukhov. "Centrifugal Compressors Gas-Dynamic Characteristics Influence on the Refrigerating Machines Efficiency." Problems of the Regional Energetics, no. 2(58) (May 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2023.2-58-07.

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The article is devoted to the study R134a refrigerating machine efficiency and consisting of a centrifugal compressor, a condenser, a temperature-regulating valve and an evaporator. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the centrifugal compressor gas dynamic characteristics effect on the refrigeration machine vapor-compression cycle efficiency. This goal is achieved through the study by actual working process numerical experiment in the refrigeration machine centrifugal compressor with an idealized process for other elements. The object of the study are the refrigeration machine characteristics, expressed by the theoretical refrigeration coefficient COPRt. Single-stage centrifugal compressors with the design conditional flow coefficient in the range from 0.035 to 0.12 are considered. The design of centrifugal compressors was carried out according to a new calculation method to the flow part efficiency increase. The method comprehensively combines the inviscid and viscous flow calculations with the use of the single-criteria and multiparametric optimization. Previously, the method was tested and compared with experimental data. The most important result is the results of the refrigeration cycle efficiency evaluating through the centrifugal compressors highly efficient flow parts design methodology application. An increase in COPRt was obtained taking into account the centrifugal compressor actual process in the range from 2.6% to 7.2%. The significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using high-efficiency centrifugal compressors gas dynamic characteristics for the chillers refrigeration cycles analysis and calculation. The level of the compressors isentropic efficiency ranges from 0.80 to 0.85, depending on the design conditional flow coefficient.

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KHOROLSKY, Valentyn, Yurii KORENETS, Oleksandr OMELCHENKO, and Volodymyr HONCHARENKO. "REFRIGERATION MACHINES IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSISTENT MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE COMPLEX ENTERPRISE-INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATOR." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 313, no. 5 (October 27, 2022): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-313-5-200-212.

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The strategy of the coordinated management of electric consumption of the industrial refrigerator of the enterprise of a food complex on production of foodstuff is offered. The structure of the integrated intelligent power management system of the refrigerator enterprise has been developed, in which the systems of automated control of electricity metering and control of the refrigeration trajectory of refrigeration chambers are built-in. The system uses a situation center, industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), digital platform “FOOD” with software (freezing of food products). According to the ASUE-ACS command, the upper level of the industrial refrigerator and its software fulfill the set parameters of the portfolio of orders for active and reactive capacities of the food complex enterprises. An algorithm for controlling an industrial refrigerator during periods of power system power limitations has been developed. It is proved that the reduction of specific energy consumption for the production of one ton of frozen food during the period of power system power limitations and fan outages is possible only by optimizing the technological and energy parameters of refrigeration machines. Technologies for reducing energy consumption by controlling the reactive and active power of synchronous motors of reciprocating compressors and frequency control of asynchronous motors of screw compressors and asynchronous motors of evaporating condensers are presented. Simulation of the geometry of the in-chamber loading of the refrigerating chambers of an industrial refrigerator is performed. New approaches to the choice of adaptive regulators of synchronous motor exciters have been developed, which are coordinated in real time with the energy modes of operation of refrigeration machines and the geometry of refrigeration chamber loading. The possibility of improving the efficiency of power management regimes of food industry enterprises through coordinated automated control of cooling and freezing of meat products, poultry, fish, dairy products, fruits and the use of automated power management systems by building expert and human-machine decision making systems. The developed systems will allow to meet the requirements of energy generating companies for active and reactive loads, reduce costs in the power grid and maintain the voltage in the nodes of electrical receivers within the established norms.

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Bogatyreva, E. V. "Systems approach to modeling recycling refrigeration machines." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-130-131.

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Refrigeration equipment is not provided on many small fishing vessel projects. It is proposed to install absorption refrigerating machines (ABRM) as refrigeration units for small vessels of the fishing fleet, the working medium of which is a water ammonia mixture. Such machines can operate by using the heat of exhaust gases, that is, receive energy from internal combustion engines. Ship power plants, unlike stationary ones, have characteristics and properties inherent only to them. In modeling, it is proposed to use a systematic approach to optimize the parameters. The principle of a systematic approach is considered. An example of dividing ABRM into subsystems is given. The graph of the simplified thermal circuit of ABRM is presented. Recommendations are given for optimizing the operating parameters.

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Dobre, Cătălina, Lavinia Grosu, Alexandru Dobrovicescu, Georgiana Chişiu, and Mihaela Constantin. "Stirling Refrigerating Machine Modeling Using Schmidt and Finite Physical Dimensions Thermodynamic Models: A Comparison with Experiments." Entropy 23, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030368.

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The purpose of the study is to show that two simple models that take into account only the irreversibility due to temperature difference in the heat exchangers and imperfect regeneration are able to indicate refrigerating machine behavior. In the present paper, the finite physical dimensions thermodynamics (FPDT) method and 0-D modeling using the Schmidt model with imperfect regeneration were applied in the study of a β type Stirling refrigeration machine.The 0-D modeling is improved by including the irreversibility caused by imperfect regeneration and the finite temperature difference between the gas and the heat exchangers wall. A flowchart of the Stirling refrigerator exergy balance is presented to show the internal and external irreversibilities. It is found that the irreversibility at the regenerator level is more important than that at the heat exchangers level. The energies exchanged by the working gas are expressed according to the practical parameters, necessary for the engineer during the entire project. The results of the two thermodynamic models are presented in comparison with the experimental results, which leads to validation of the proposed FPDT model for the functional and constructive parameters of the studied refrigerating machine.

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Tsoy, Alexandr, Oleksandr Titlov, Alexandr Granovskiy, Dmitriy Koretskiy, Olga Vorobyova, Diana Tsoy, and Rita Jamasheva. "Improvement of refrigerating machine energy efficiency through radiative removal of condensation heat." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 8(115) (February 25, 2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.251834.

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In regions with a continental climate, refrigerators with air-cooled condensers operate at high condensation pressures during the summer season which reduces their efficiency and accelerates the wear of compressors. To reduce condensation pressure, it was proposed to use radiative cooling which is a way of heat removal through the planet's atmosphere to outer space in a form of infrared radiation. A refrigerating machine with an assembly of condensation heat removal including air and liquid cooling condensers connected in series has been developed. To reduce the condensation temperature, a pre-cooled heat-transfer agent is fed to the liquid cooling condenser during the day hours at high atmospheric temperatures. At night, the heat-transfer agent is cooled by radiative cooling. An experimental study of the operation of a 600 W refrigerating machine including a sealed piston compressor was conducted. R134a refrigerant was used. Supply of pre-cooled heat-transfer agent at +33.1 °С has provided a reduction of condensation temperature from +47.0 to +39.1 °С. The study was conducted at an atmospheric air temperature of +38.0 °С. The degree of pressure growth was decreased by 30 %. The refrigeration coefficient was increased by 11 %. In comparison with the conventional scheme with an air-cooled condenser, energy consumption by the system did not change in the daytime. The offered scheme of condensation heat removal reduces the pressure of condensation and provides stability for refrigerating machine operation. It can be used in stationary refrigerating machines at high daytime temperatures.

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Bukin, Vladimir Grigorievich, Alexey Vasilievich Ezhov, and Aleksander Ivanovich Andreev. "Temperature-entropy diagrams for calculating cycles of refrigerating machines using refrigerant mixtures." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-4-79-86.

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The article represents the advantages and disadvantages of refrigeration machines operating on non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. There has been illustrated their specific feature in comparison with pure substances: they are non-isothermal during phase transitions. It can be effective when cooling or heating flows that significantly change the temperature, and ineffective when working with volumes, where it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature. In the first case there takes place a decrease in the internal irreversibility of heat transfer processes in evaporators and condensers; in the second case - an increase. When using mixed refrigerants, it is possible to simultaneously obtain several temperature levels in a single-stage machine at the same pressure in the evaporators, they can obtain low boiling points of the refrigerant without vacuum in the evaporator and regulate the refrigeration capacity of the machine by changing the composition of the mixture. The prospects of using mixtures of working bodies of refrigerating machines have been proved. The diagrams T-S, T-ξ, i-ξ are presented allowing to calculate the cycle of the machine, to determine its operating parameters and to calculate the technical and energy characteristics. The developed thermal diagrams make it possible to accurately examine the dynamics of the boiling and condensation processes of a binary mixture, show the change in the concentration of the mixture in the vapor and liquid phases and make it possible to construct and calculate the cycle of a refrigeration machine operating on a mixed refrigerant. Examples of constructing cycles of two schemes of refrigeration machines operating on a mixed refrigerant are considered: with separation of the working substance flow and without separation. Methods for calculating the cycle are provided

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery"

1

Delano, Andrew Douglas. "Analysis of the Einstein refrigeration cycle." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17887.

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Delano, Andrew D. "Design analysis of the Einstein refrigeration cycle." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17578.

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Wilson, Kyle B. "The use of Sage simulation software in the design and testing of Sunpower's pulse tube cryocooler." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1126908659.

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Altenhof, Jeffrey L. "Computer-aided concurrent engineering in refrigeration system design." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020010/.

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Menegay, Peter. "Experimental investigation of an ejector as a refrigerant expansion engine." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-124957/.

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Mirza-Tolouee, Changiz M. "Experimental study of zeotropic refrigerant mixture HFC-407C as a replacement for HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070416.141307/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2006.
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127).

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Lough, Benjamin C. C. "Investigations into thermionic cooling for domestic refrigeration." School of Engineering Physics - Faculty of Engineering, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/230.

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Thermionic refrigeration using semiconductor heterostructures is examined theoretically and experimentally. A theory of single-barrier devices is first developed where two classes of single-barrier devices are defined and compared. So-called class 1 devices are found to always perform better. A theory of multiple-barrier devices based on class 1 barriers is then developed using a numerical solution. Experimentally, three generations of 10-barrier devices based on A1(subscript x)Ga(subscript 1-x)As-GaAs heterostructures were made and electrically characterised. This material is by no means ideal (as will be discussed) but was used to availability and because, at the commencement of this work, had never been used for this purpose before. Thermal measurements were made to determine if any cooling occurred at room temperature. No cooling was observed but the electrical characteristics allowed for examination of the models developed. It was found that the earlier models used did not accurately model the I-V characteristics of the devices. This was attributed to the fact that the initial models did not take space-charge into account. A more robust numerical model is developed in which the I-V characteristics of devices are predicted much more accurately. This model is then used to design new generations of devices. The work concludes by recommending a next generation design in which substantially more cooling is expected compared to the samples examined here. The probability of cooling being observed in the future is therefore increased. The types of devices described here will always be hindered because of heat conduction. Other methods incorporating thermionic emission, such as an opto-thermionic system in which removed heat is given off as light, may ultimately prove to be the best solution. This aside, it is hoped that the work presented here will contribute to the understanding of the field.

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O'Loughlin, R. L. "Optimal design of organic refrigerant reverse cycle absorption air conditioning systems /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09enso52.pdf.

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Herman, David Laurence. "Experimental optimization of cooling tower fan control based on field data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16629.

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Weber, Eric Dean. "Modeling and general optimization of commercial building chiller/cooling tower systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16874.

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Books on the topic "Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery"

1

Helen, Carwardine, and Butcher Ken, eds. Refrigeration. London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 2008.

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Sweetser, Richard S. The fundamentals of natural gas cooling. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, Inc., 1996.

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3

Dossat, Roy J. Principles of refrigeration. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall International, 1991.

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Olivo, C. Thomas. Principles of refrigeration. 3rd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1990.

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5

Stoecker, W. F. Industrial refrigeration handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Dossat, Roy J. Principles of refrigeration. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1991.

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7

Bates, Gary L. Refrigeration systems and accessories. Edited by Lentz Janice M and Building Owners and Managers Institute International. Arnold, Md. (1521 Ritchie Hwy., Arnold 21012): Building Owners and Managers Institute International, 1991.

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8

P, Anderson Edwin. Refrigeration, home and commercial. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1986.

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9

Alliance, Northwest Energy Efficiency, Industrial Efficiency Alliance, and Northwest Food Processors Association, eds. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide. Portland, Or: Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, 2004.

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Larsen, Mikkel E. Refrigeration: Theory, technology, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery"

1

Fox, Malcolm A. "Refrigerating Machines." In Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials, 218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0_67.

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Rossi, Cesare, and Flavio Russo. "Refrigeration and Heating." In History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 121–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44476-5_10.

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Feidt, M. "Advanced Thermodynamics of Reverse Cycle Machine." In Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration, 39–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0099-4_4.

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Leontiev, A. I. "Gas Dynamics Cycles of Thermal and Refrigerating Machines." In Thermodynamic Optimization of Complex Energy Systems, 271–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4685-2_20.

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Li, Xiaofeng. "Performance Improvement of the Refrigerating System in Refrigeration Storage." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 403–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43306-2_57.

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Konovalov, Dmytro, Halina Kobalava, Andrii Radchenko, Oleksii Zielikov, and Viktor Khaldobin. "Efficiency of Thermopressor Application in an Ejector Refrigeration Machine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 329–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_33.

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Lemeshko, M. A., S. R. Urunov, and A. V. Kozhemyachenko. "Assessment Method of Technical Condition of Small Refrigerating Machine Using Programmable Controller." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 622–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39225-3_68.

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Luiguy, X. de L., H. O. A. Clayton, and H. M. S. Sergio. "Smart Consumption Study Using Data Analysis and IoT in Residential Level Refrigeration Machines." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 618–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32520-6_45.

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Trushliakov, Eugeniy, Mykola Radchenko, Bohdan Portnoi, Veniamin Tkachenko, and Artem Hrych. "Analysis of Operation of Ambient Air Conditioning Systems with Refrigeration Machines of Different Types." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 545–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66717-7_46.

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Morosuk, Tatiana. "Structural and Parametric Optimization of an Absorption Refrigeration Machine: Inverse Rectification as Auxiliary Absorption Process." In Defect and Diffusion Forum, 219–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-36-1.219.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery"

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Babenkov, Y. I., A. I. Ozersky, V. V. Romanov, G. A. Galka, and E. S. Zhelonkina. "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION AND CALCULATION OF BASIC OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A CAR AIR CONDITIONER." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.347-349.

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In this work, experimental studies have been carried out to determine the main thermodynamic parameters of the refrigerating machine of an automobile air conditioner. The coefficient of performance, compressor operation, specific refrigeration capacity, mass flow, and compressor efficiency were determined. With the help of a multimedia device, the curves of the speed of the system, pressure sensors and temperature sensors were taken.

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Li, Jinliang. "Research on Refrigeration Equipment for Drinks Based on Semiconductor Refrigeration Technology." In 2017 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computer (MACMC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/macmc-17.2018.115.

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Xing, Shucheng. "Thermodynamic Model of Semiconductor Refrigeration System Based on Peltier Effect." In Advances in Materials, Machinery, Electrical Engineering (AMMEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ammee-17.2017.12.

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Ji, Yunzhe, Xiaojie Wang, and Xiaojing Li. "Research on Waste Heat Refrigeration Method of Diesel Generator." In The 3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Science and Energy Engineering (ICMMSEE 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719391_0028.

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Mahmoud, A. M., S. A. Sherif, and W. E. Lear. "Development and Testing of a Rotary-Vane Two-Phase Refrigerating Expander." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13234.

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Rotary-vane positive displacement machines have played an important role for many years in refrigeration and air compression applications because of their inherent simplicity and reliability. This paper details the development and testing of a rotary-vane two-phase expander for the purpose of work recovery in an air-cooled chiller. The paper describes the methodology used to design an expander for two-phase flow from a single-phase compressor and an air-motor. Input from detailed analytical models developed by the authors are used to improve the expander design with respect to internal leakage losses and friction. Controls and performance testing are also presented. Directions for future research are highlighted.

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Ro¨ytta¨, Pekka, Juha Honkatukia, and Teemu Turunen-Saaresti. "Centrifugal Compressor Working Fluids for Refrigeration Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59150.

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A centrifugal high-speed compressor is an effective light weight option to power a refrigeration cycle for air conditioning purposes. Perhaps the most important decision in design is the working fluid selection. Modern high-speed technology makes it possible for the refrigeration compressor to be completely oil free, which considerably broadens the scale of possible working fluids. Furthermore, many traditional fluids have become banned and the industry standard R134a might face the same faith in some European countries because of its relatively high global warming potential. In this study eleven different fluids were studied and compared and R22 was used as a reference. It was found that there are many potential fluids for centrifugal compressors that provide better efficiencies than the most common fluids in use today. The purpose of this study is to initially screen a larger set of candidate fluids for more accurate estimation later on. The fluids are evaluated by the efficiency of the cycle, but also mechanical feasibility and dimensions are considered as light weight of the machinery was an important criterion in design process. The comparison was made with constant evaporation and condensation temperature and fixed cooling power for all the fluids. In selection of the working fluid the safety factors often play a dominant role which was also shortly considered. In our study we found out that for a residential HVAC size cooling cycle there are environmentally friendly fluids with high efficiency leading to feasible mechanical designs with centrifugal compressors.

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Shiva Prasad, B. G., Philip Moeller, and John Sheridan. "Thermo-Fluid Mechanics of Fluid Injection and Refrigeration System Performance Improvement." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-44058.

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Injecting a fluid into a flowing stream is a common and powerful flow control technique to improve the flow process or performance of downstream components and machinery. This paper presents an application of such a technique to scroll compressors for improving the cooling capacity and efficiency of refrigerators and other heat pumps. It provides some insights into the physics of fluid injection and suggests methods for maximizing the benefits. Further, it discusses the need for CFD in system design and optimization and illustrates its application.

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Boza, Joseph J., William E. Lear, and S. A. Sherif. "Performance of a Novel Semi-Closed Gas Turbine Refrigeration Combined Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38576.

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A thermodynamic performance analysis was performed on a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semi-closed gas turbine called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with an absorption refrigeration unit. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration cycle, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration depending on ambient conditions. Two cases were considered: a small engine with a nominal power output of 100kW, and a large engine with a nominal power output of 40 MW. The cycle was modeled using traditional one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers, and curve-fits for properties of the LiBr-water mixture and the combustion products. The small engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 43% while producing 50% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 50 tons) at 30 °C ambient conditions. The large engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 62% while producing 25% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 20,000 tons) at 30 °C ambient conditions. Thermal efficiency stayed relatively constant with respect to ambient temperature for both the large and small engine. It decreased by only 3–4% as the ambient temperature was increased from 10 to 35 °C in each case. The amount of external refrigeration produced by the engine decreased sharply in both engines at around 35 °C, eventually reaching zero at roughly 45°C in each case for 5°C refrigeration. However, the evaporator temperature could be raised to 10°C (or higher) to produce external refrigeration in ambient temperatures as high as 50°C.

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Liang, Nan, Changqing Tian, and Shuangquan Shao. "Research on Two-Phase Flow Instability in Evaporator of Refrigeration System." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30487.

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As one kind of fluid machinery related to the two-phase flow, the refrigeration system encounters more problems of instability. It is essential to ensure the stability of the refrigeration systems for the operation and efficiency. This paper presents the experimental investigation on the static and dynamic instability in an evaporator of refrigeration system. The static instability experiments showed that the oscillatory period and swing of the mixture-vapor transition point by observation with a camera through the transparent quartz glass tube at the outlet of the evaporator. The pressure drop versus mass flow rate curves of refrigerant two phase flow in the evaporator were obtained with a negative slope region in addition to two positive slope regions, thus making the flow rate a multi-valued function of the pressure drop. For dynamic instabilities in the evaporation process, three types of oscillations (density wave type, pressure drop type and thermal type) were observed at different mass flow rates and heat fluxes, which can be represented in the pressure drop versus mass flow rate curves. For the dynamic instabilities, density wave oscillations happen when the heat flux is high with the constant mass flow rate. Thermal oscillations happen when the heat flux is correspondingly low with constant mass flow rate. Though the refrigeration system do not have special tank, the accumulator and receiver provide enough compressible volume to induce the pressure drop oscillations. The representation and characteristic of each oscillation type were also analyzed in the paper.

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Khan, J. R., W. E. Lear, S. A. Sherif, E. B. Howell, J. F. Crittenden, and P. L. Meitner. "Testing and Modeling of a Semi-Closed Gas Turbine Cycle Integrated With a Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15403.

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Abstract:

A novel cooling and power cycle has been proposed that combines a semi-closed cycle gas turbine called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). The refrigeration cycle (VARS) interacts with the power cycle (HPRTE) solely through heat transfer in the generator and the evaporator. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration unit, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration, in an amount which depends on ambient conditions. Water produced as a product of combustion is intentionally condensed in the evaporator of the VARS, which is designed to provide sufficient cooling for three purposes: chilling the inlet air to the high pressure compressor, water extraction, and for an external cooling load. In a previous study, the combined cycle was modeled using zero-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with the specified values of efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers. The model predicts that the combined cycle with steam blade cooling for a medium-sized engine will have a thermal efficiency of 49%, in addition to the external refrigeration load generated in the cycle which is 13% of the net work output. It also produces about 1.4 kg of water for each kg of fuel (propane) consumed. A small experimental unit demonstrating the HPRTE/VARS combined cycle has been constructed and is currently being tested in the Energy & Gas-dynamic Systems Laboratory at the University of Florida. A 45 HP Rover 1S-60 engine is integrated with a NH3/H2O vapor absorption refrigeration unit having a capacity of 19 Ton Refrigeration. The engine flow-path has been significantly modified to include partial recirculation of exhaust products, turbocharging, and recuperation, thus implementing the HPRTE concept. In addition, a significant modeling effort has been undertaken to simulate the combined cycle operation under design and off-design conditions. Initial experimental results show good agreement with the model predictions, including overall efficiency and water extraction rates.

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