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Journal articles on the topic 'Refrigeration plant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

La Rocca, Vincenzo, Antonio Messineo, Massimo Morale, and Domenico Panno. "Analysis of Air Cycle and Efficiency Evaluation for a Blast Freezing Tunnel Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1631.

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Air refrigerating systems offer a suitable alternative to vapour compression systems. Air can be used as working fluid in gas compression cycles for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems. This paper gives some results of theoretical investigation into improved air cycles for refrigeration systems and a comparison is made with their performances. The case-study relates to a dual purpose refrigerating plant. A blast freezing tunnel gives the coldest air stream and, in cascade, the air coming out from the tunnel is used in a channel network for feeding a lot of chilling cells. The case-study analysed indicates that there is a real possibility to build plants which will be equipped with air inverse cycles.

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2

KANAZAWA, Masayoshi. "Refrigeration by a Small Liquefaction Plant." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 28, no. 4 (1993): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.28.191.

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3

Złoczowska, Ewelina. "Maritime Containers Refrigeration Plant Faults Survey." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0074.

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Abstract Container transport is the most popular type of sea shipping around the world. The share of reefers (refrigerated container) in the total number of containers transported is about 15%.The worldwide stock of refrigerated containers used for transportation of perishable goods is still growing, while the conventional reefer fleet is shrinking. Still, despite of clean advantages they also carry some risks. Difficult operating conditions of refrigerated containers instigate very high risk of malfunctions, including permanent damage. The majority of articles about refrigerated systems failures, focus mainly on the onshore ones. Publications describing damage of reefers are limited. Therefore, this article attempts to classify and analyze the most frequent failures of container’s refrigeration units. This issue is very important for the crew safety, natural environment and high quality product preservation. The data necessary to perform the analysis come from reports on units damaged over two years. Introduction presents the characteristic of refrigerated containers and problems which occur during their exploitation. Next, the research methodology is presented. Eventually, the research results are presented and discussed. The summary and conclusions close the work.

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4

d'Accadia, Massimo Dentice, and Filippo de Rossi. "Thermoeconomic optimization of a refrigeration plant." International Journal of Refrigeration 21, no. 1 (January 1998): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(97)00071-6.

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5

Njoku, Ifeanyi Henry, Chika Oko, and Joseph Ofodu. "Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant with Simultaneous Cooling of Inlet Air Streams to the Compressor and Condenser." No 1 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.1.

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Abstract: This paper presents the thermodynamic performance analysis of an existing combined cycle power plant to be retrofitted with a waste heat driven aqua lithium bromide absorption refrigerator for cooling the inlet air streams to the compressor and air-cooled steam condenser. The power plant is located in the hot and humid tropical region of Nigeria, latitude 4°45′N and longitude 7°00′E. This was achieved by performing energy and exergy analysis of the integrated system. Using the operating data of the existing combined cycle power plant, the results of the analysis showed that by cooling the inlet air streams to 15oC at the compressors, and to 29oC at the air-cooled steam condenser, the net power output, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the combined cycle plant increased by 7.7%, 8.1% and 7.5% respectively while the plant total exergy destruction rate and specific fuel consumption dropped by 10.8% and 7.0% respectively. The stack flue gas exit temperature reduced from 126oC to 84oC in the absorption refrigerator, thus reducing the environmental thermal pollution. The COP and exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle was 0.60 and 27.0%, respectively. Results also show that the highest rate of exergy destruction in the combined cycle power plant occurred in the combustion chamber while the highest rate of exergy destruction in the absorption refrigeration cycle occurred in the evaporator followed by the absorber.

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6

Ovcharenko, Igor, Valeriy Yenivatov, and Alexei Vyngra. "Analysis of methods to increase the efficiency of ship refrigeration plants." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823904017.

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The review of the applicable methods for increasing the efficiency of ship refrigeration plants is made. For the presented methods, such as refrigerant subcooling and automatic control of compressors in refrigeration plant, the expediency of application is discussed on the assumption of marine operational conditions and using R22 and R717 refrigerants.

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7

Radchenko1, Mykola, Andrii Radchenko1, Dariusz Mikielewicz2, Serhiy Forduy1, Anatolii Zubarev 1, and Viktor Khaldobin1. "Enhancing the exhaust heat recovery in integrated energy plant." Joupnal of New Technologies in Environmental Science 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/jntes-2020-4.1.

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The efficiency of exhaust heat recovery in typical integrated energy plant on the base of reciprocating gas engines with absorption lithium-bromide chiller for combined electricity, heat and refrigeration supply of the factory "Sаndorа"–"PepsiCо Ukraine" is analyzed. The reserves of decreasing the heat exhausted into atmosphere are revealed on the base of monitoring data and their realization through conversion into refrigeration for cooling the engine cyclic air is proposed. Some scheme decisions of improved and innovative exhaust heat recovery systems providing deep heat conversing into refrigeration for engine cyclic air cooling are developeded.

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8

Liang, Youcai, Zhibin Yu, and Wenguang Li. "A Waste Heat-Driven Cooling System Based on Combined Organic Rankine and Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204242.

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In this paper, a heat driven cooling system that essentially integrated an organic Rankine cycle power plant with a vapour compression cycle refrigerator was investigated, aiming to provide an alternative to absorption refrigeration systems. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem recovered energy from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines to produce mechanical power. Through a transmission unit, the produced mechanical power was directly used to drive the compressor of the vapour compression cycle system to produce a refrigeration effect. Unlike the bulky vapour absorption cooling system, both the ORC power plant and vapour compression refrigerator could be scaled down to a few kilowatts, opening the possibility for developing a small-scale waste heat-driven cooling system that can be widely applied for waste heat recovery from large internal combustion engines of refrigerated ships, lorries, and trains. In this paper, a model was firstly established to simulate the proposed concept, on the basis of which it was optimized to identify the optimum operation condition. The results showed that the proposed concept is very promising for the development of heat-driven cooling systems for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines’ exhaust gas.

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9

deL. Musgrove, A. R., and K. J. Maher. "Optimum cogeneration strategies for a refrigeration plant." Energy 13, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(88)90072-2.

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10

Zhang, Jian Yi. "Optimal Configuration of Evaporative Condensers in Refrigerating Plants Based on Part Load." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1176.

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The operating records of a typical industrial refrigeration plant in Xiamen, China are analyzed. Based on the results, the ratio of the heat exhaust of the operating condensers to that of the total condensers is calculated over each time period to obtain the regulation of part load. The energy consumption and the payback period are calculated for two typical refrigerating plants under different schemes based on the regulation of part load. Results show that energy savings will be 53.6% when condensers are optimally configured based on such regulation. The payback period is 0.8-1.7 years in some cases, whilst in other cases there is actually no additional investment required.

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11

Chen, Jin Zeng, Yan Fei Li, and G. H. Li. "A New Method for Desalination of Seawater With Steam-Ejector Refrigeration Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.273.

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Desalination of seawater has played an important role in many arid regions in the world. There are many methods for desalination of seawater, such as MED, MSF, RO, ED, TVC, and MVC, etc. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages. In the present work, a new method for desalination of seawater with steam-ejector refrigeration plant was introduced. The main purpose of the new method is a hybrid plant of TVC and steam-ejector refrigeration. In the hybrid circle, no other energy was need. When the steam-ejector refrigeration plant is working, the seawater as cooling water is introduced into evaporator of TVC and evaporates. The vapor getting in TVC is extracted by a second steam-ejector, together with the active steam, is used as source of heat for desalination. The main advantage of this hybrid plant is that part of the heat energy of cooling water in refrigeration is reused. Comparing with other distillation method desalination of seawater, the energy consumption is much less. Especially on marine usage, the advantage is clear.

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12

d'Accadia, Massimo Dentice, and Filippo de Rossi. "Thermoeconomic analysis and diagnosis of a refrigeration plant." Energy Conversion and Management 39, no. 12 (August 1998): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(98)00016-8.

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13

Aprea, C., F. de Rossi, A. Greco, and C. Renno. "Refrigeration plant exergetic analysis varying the compressor capacity." International Journal of Energy Research 27, no. 7 (2003): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.903.

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14

Chang, Tong-Bou. "OPTIMIZATION OF REALISTIC REFRIGERATION PLANT UNDER FIXED TOTAL THERMAL CONDUCTANCE CONSTRAINT." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 31, no. 2 (June 2007): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2007-0016.

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This study analyzes the internal irreversibility of a realistic refrigeration plant under the design constraint of a fixed total thermal conductance. The internal heat losses are determined using a heat by-pass model. The optimal thermal conductance allocation and optimal coefficient of performance are derived from a series of detailed analyses and formulations. The numerical results indicate that the optimal thermal conductance ratio of the hot end of a realistic refrigeration plant is slightly higher than 0.5.

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15

BISCOTTI, P. S., M. A. REINHEIMER, and N. J. SCENNA. "A RISK– BASED DESIGN OF AMMONIA REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS IN FOOD MANUFACTURING PLANTS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.285.

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This paper presents a risk-based design procedure of ammonia based refrigeration processes taking into account the allocation of the manufacturing plant and the surrounding environment vulnerability at early stages of process design. In addition, the proposed design framework allows the integration of a process simulator with vulnerability assessment packages. As a case study, the design of the refrigeration system for a surimi manufacturing plant is presented.

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16

Zhuk, H. V., O. I. Pyatnichko, L. R. Onopa, and Yu V. Ivanov. "ENERGY EFFICIENT NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGIES IN LOW-TONNAGE PLANTS: UKRAINE’S PROSPECTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2020.1.

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Along with the growth of natural gas consumption in the world, small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is developing at a faster pace. It opens up the possibility of LNG obtaining and transporting as a commodity product at remote from gas networks fields or wells, and also at low-production wells and alternative sources of methane-containing gas. The development of modern technologies for natural gas liquefaction has been studied and the liquefaction cycles used in the low-tonnage scale have been classified. In Ukraine, rather large reserves of natural gas are found in small as well as depleted fields, so the problem of energy efficient technologies for liquefaction and transportation of their hydrocarbon resources creating is of particular relevance. For the development of such low-resource fields, liquefaction units operating on the compression-throttle cycle are most suitable. Energy efficient technological schemes of natural gas liquefaction plants have been developed: in the high-pressure throttle-ejector cycle with pre-cooling using a propane refrigerating machine and in the middle-pressure throttle cycle with ethane refrigeration cycle and the recovery of part of the liquefied gas. Optimum parameters of the refrigeration cycle and the whole plant are obtained from the point of view of minimizing the specific energy costs. The advantages of the proposed throttle schemes are simplicity, reliability, that are results from the use of standard compressor and refrigeration equipment, and energy efficiency of 0.5 kWh/kg LNG, which is sufficiently high for low-tonnage LNG production. Ref. 20, Fig. 6, Tab.1.

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17

Okafor, Victor. "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSOR INLET AIR PRECOOLING TECHNIQUES OF A GAS TURBINE PLANT OPERATIONAL IN NIGERIA ENERGY UTILITY SECTOR." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v4.i2.2020.74.

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Thermodynamic analysis of inlet air pre-cooling techniques of compressor is among the methods for the enhancement of gas turbine performance. This study compared the effect of using evaporative cooling system pre-cooling method, vapour compression refrigeration precooling and vapour absorption refrigeration precooling techniques to the gas turbine Net Power Output, Thermal efficiency, Thermal Efficiency Change factor (TEC) and Power Gain Ratio (PGR) taking into recognition the prevalent weather and climatic conditions of Nigeria and as well as optimization parameters for the reference system (i.e. without precooling techniques). The results show that at air temperature of 311K, the reference system, evaporative precooling, vapour compression refrigeration and vapour absorption refrigeration precooling methods recorded Net power Outputs of 23.143MW, 25.39MW, 31.84MW and 34.90MW respectively. The Thermal Efficiency Change factor recorded by the precooling systems at an ambient temperature of 311K is 8.68%, 37.4% and 51% respectively.

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18

La Rocca, Vincenzo, Antonio Messineo, Massimo Morale, Antonella Dispenza, and Domenico Panno. "Advanced Refrigerating Plants Based on Transcritical Cycles Working with Carbon Dioxide for Commercial Refrigeration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.611.

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Supermarkets and hypermarkets require a huge amount of energy to maintain chilled and frozen food in product display cases and cold storage rooms and thermal comfort in the whole building. Systems exploited require very large refrigerant charges for operation and suffer significant leakages. The challenge for advanced systems, based on equipment which reduce TEWI, suggests the proposal of carbon dioxide: a natural working fluid. This paper deals with a feasibility study of a refrigerating system for a big hypermarket in Sicily based on a three-stage transcritical cycle working with carbon dioxide which is compared with an alternative system composed of two cycles operating as a binary refrigerating plant: a top cycle working with propane and a bottom cycle working with carbon dioxide. The cold is produced at two temperature: - 15°C and -35°C. In both alternative systems, cold at -15°C will be delivered to display cases, cold stores etc. by means of a secondary loop into which circulates a refrigerant fluid (e.g. an ethylene-glycol solution), while cold at -35°C will be delivered by another loop into which circulates directly liquid carbon dioxide. Main results obtained demonstrate the effective feasibility of plants which seem suitable for commercial refrigeration, bearing in mind that is of capital relevance the best operating efficiency of the secondary loop system. This depends mainly on thorough design and building of the secondary loops, especially for those which op erate at lower temperature.

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19

Grazzini, Giuseppe, and Andrea Rocchetti. "Numerical optimisation of a two-stage ejector refrigeration plant." International Journal of Refrigeration 25, no. 5 (August 2002): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(01)00063-9.

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20

Cherif, Adnene, and Ahmed Dhouib. "Dynamic modelling and simulation of a photovoltaic refrigeration plant." Renewable Energy 26, no. 1 (May 2002): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00107-0.

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21

Gangopadhyay, R. K., and S. K. Das. "Ammonia leakage from refrigeration plant and the management practice." Process Safety Progress 27, no. 1 (2008): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10208.

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22

CHANG, Tong-Bou. "Internal Irreversibility Analysis and Optimization of a Refrigeration Plant." JSME International Journal Series B 49, no. 4 (2006): 1260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.49.1260.

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23

Palasz, A. T., L. Gusta, H. Gustafsson, B. Larsson, and H. Rodriguez-Martinez. "Refrigeration of bovine oocytes in heat-stable plant proteins." Theriogenology 43, no. 1 (January 1995): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(95)92444-e.

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24

Chen, Li Jun, Li Jun Mi, Chao Xu, and Shan Rang Yang. "Economic Analysis on the Combined Power/ Refrigerating Cycle for Power Plant Air Cooling System." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7436.

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At present, the development of power industry is facing the pressure of energy saving and emission reduction. This paper reviewed briefly the strategy for development in optimizing power cycle and improving comprehensive utilization of heat energy. A economic analysis was made to the combined power cycle/refrigerating cycle air cooling system (hereinafter called ‘combined cycle air cooling system’ or ‘CCACS’) which presented previously and estimated its contribution to energy saving and emission reduction in this paper. An analog computation example shows that the combined cycle air cooling system based on the compression refrigeration is feasible and effective. Finally this paper pointed out that the air-cooling system is facing the re-selection under the new situation, the indirect air-cooling system will be of importance to the development, and the combined cycle air cooling system will become a kind of new options.

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25

Shiba, T., K. Ito, R. Yokoyama, S. Sakashita, and Y. Himura. "Optimal Planning of a Cascade-Type Multistage Refrigeration System for a Beverage Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795992.

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An optimal planning method is presented for a cascade-type multistage refrigeration system. Heat exchange areas of evaporator, condenser, and beverage cooler are determined optimally so as to minimize the annual total cost and input energy consumption subject to constraints concerning annual equipment operation. This problem is considered as a multiobjective optimization one, and a discrete set of Pareto optimal solutions is derived numerically by a weighting method. Through a numerical study, it is investigated how the heat exchange areas influence the long-term economics and energy conservation. Cascade-type multistage refrigeration systems are compared with single-stage systems.

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26

YOUSEF, KHALED, CHRISTOPHER BOLIN, ABRAHAM ENGEDA, and AHMED HEGAZY. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A REFRIGERANT AS A COOLANT OF A POWER PLANT CONDENSER." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132514500242.

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Steam power plants are the largest industrial users for water. New restrictions for using water in cooling systems have led to a search for alternative cooling methods. This paper presents an experimental study of using a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) for cooling a steam power plant condenser. The refrigeration system uses commercially available and environmental friendly R-410A to cool an intermediate chilled water loop which is used as a coolant for the steam condenser. Working under lower condenser pressure with higher coolant flow rates reduces the power required for the refrigeration system and rises the coefficient of performance (COP) and condensation rate. Based on the present experimental data an adjustment to a known empirical correlation for the Nusselt number in a shell and tube steam condenser is presented. The results show that decreasing the inlet coolant temperature increases condensation rate, heat rejection, COP, overall heat transfer coefficient, and R-410A to condensate mass flow ratio. Moreover, the increase in the rate of condensation and COP is most pronounced at lower steam condenser operating pressure and higher water coolant mass flow rate. The results reveal that using a VCRS is capable of providing a steam condenser with a more constant and lower coolant temperature than traditional wet and dry cooling technologies.

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27

Wang, Aihui, Zhengxiang Ma, and Shengjun Wen. "Operator-Based Robust Nonlinear Control Design and Analysis of a Semiconductor Refrigeration Device." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p1065.

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In this paper, an operator-based robust perfect control for nonlinear semiconductor refrigeration device with uncertainties and perturbation is considered. For the research about the properties of the semiconductor refrigeration, an aluminum plate with Peltier device is very representative. Therefore, the perfect tracking control performance of semiconductor refrigeration can be investigated by using this aluminum plate with Peltier device. Moreover, the operator based robust right coprime factorization (RRCF) approach is convenient in analysis and designing control system of nonlinear plant with uncertainties and perturbation. Based on the above reasons, an operator-based robust tracking control design for nonlinear semiconductor refrigeration device with uncertainties and perturbation is investigated by using an operator-based robust right coprime factorization approach, where the operator-based disturbance and state observers based on nominal plant properties are designed to compensate the effect of uncertainties and perturbation. A realizable operator controller is designed to improve the control performance and to realize the perfect tracking. The sufficient condition of robust stability for the designed system is derived. The robust stability condition ensured that the output tracking performance is realized. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme was illustrated by the simulation and experimental results.

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28

Aprea, C., R. Mastrullo, and C. Renno. "Fuzzy control of the compressor speed in a refrigeration plant." International Journal of Refrigeration 27, no. 6 (September 2004): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.02.004.

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29

Green, Torben, Roozbeh Izadi-Zamanabadi, Roozbeh Razavi-Far, and Henrik Niemann. "Plant-wide dynamic and static optimisation of supermarket refrigeration systems." International Journal of Refrigeration 38 (February 2014): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.08.011.

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30

Rasmussen, H., C. Thybo, and L. F. S. Larsen. "NONLINEAR SUPERHEAT AND EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF A REFRIGERATION PLANT." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 19 (2006): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20061002-4-bg-4905.00043.

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31

Chivilenko, Yu V., B. Zh Turkpenbaeva, and M. F. Rudenko. "Improved performance in ecologically clean cyclic solar-powered refrigeration plant." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 44, no. 5-6 (May 2008): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-008-9058-y.

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32

Sanz-Kock, Carlos, Rodrigo Llopis, Daniel Sánchez, Ramón Cabello, and Enrique Torrella. "Experimental evaluation of a R134a/CO 2 cascade refrigeration plant." Applied Thermal Engineering 73, no. 1 (December 2014): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.07.041.

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33

Razuvaev, A. V., V. V. Biryuk, and E. V. Blagin. "Increase of the energy plant efficiency in special conditions of its operation." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900018.

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This article deals with energy plant analysis during its operation in special conditions. For this purpose, modernized system of air supply and high-temperature refrigeration is suggested. Application of these systems allows to decrease specific fuel rate by 2.6%.

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34

Ujile, Awajiogak Anthony, and Dirina Amesi. "Performance Evaluation of Refrigeration Units in Natural Gas Liquid Extraction Plant." Journal of Thermodynamics 2014 (March 25, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/863408.

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This paper has applied thermodynamics principles to evaluate the reliability of 390 m3/hr natural gas processing plant. The thermodynamics equations were utilized in the evaluation, characterization, and numerical simulation of key process parameters in natural gas liquid extraction plant. The results obtained show the comparison of the coefficient of performance, compression ratio, isentropic work, actual work, electrical power requirements, cooling water consumption in intercoolers, compressor power output, compressor capacity, and isentropic, volumetric, and mechanical efficiency of the two-stage refrigeration unit with a flash gas economizer and these were compared with the designed specifications. The second law of thermodynamics was applied in analyzing the refrigeration unit and the result shows that exergetic losses or lost work due to irreversibility falls within operating limit that is less than 1.0%. Similarly, the performance of expansion turbine (expander) parameters was monitored and the results indicate a considerable decrease in turbine efficiencies as the inlet gas pressure increases resulting in an increased power output of the turbine leading to a higher liquefaction rate.

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35

Shankar, R., and T. Srinivas. "Investigation on aqua-ammonia based solar cooling cogeneration plant." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2015-0062.

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Purpose – The proposed solar thermal cooling cogeneration cycle is well suited for industrial as well as domestic needs and it eliminates need of electricity for refrigeration system. The purpose of this paper is to integrate power and cooling to minimize the energy usage. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed plant has double turbine with superheater and reheater to extract more energy, operating on single generator. The saturated refrigerant from the exit of the generator is used to run the primary turbine and the exit mass of refrigerant is split into 50:50 cooling to power ratio. Findings – It produces additional power of 24 kW at absorber concentration of 0.42 and turbine inlet concentration of 0.95, with separator temperature of 145°C and atmosphere temperature of 30°C. Research limitations/implications – The proposed cooling cogeneration cycle is possible to run on all the refrigerant working fluid mixture and it overcomes the problem of Goswami cycle which is not possible to run in hot climatic countries. Originality/value – The cycle can operate individually as refrigeration cycle, power cycle and both and it will run all climatic conditions.

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36

Liang, Zhen, and Heng Gen Shen. "Feasibility Analysis on Recovery of Condensation Heat in Fossil Fuel Power Plants for Cooling Application in Summer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2441.

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The recover of condensation heat in fossil fuel power plant in summer was difficult. In this paper, a scheme that using condensation heat for cooling was proposed. Firstly, cooling water was used as low temperature resource to produce mid-temperature hot water, and mid-temperature hot water could be used as heat source in the absorption refrigerator. At the same time, the condensing heat of refrigeration system was transmit to saturated air from cooling tower and made air leaved far from saturation area thereby to control the visible plume. Thermodynamic analysis shows that this scheme is feasible, and economical analysis also shows that this scheme is feasible when heat resource of absorption-type heat pump using waste heat.

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37

Rueda, E., S. A. Tassou, and I. N. Grace. "Fault detection and diagnosis in liquid chillers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x8575.

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Automated fault detection and diagnosis of refrigeration equipment is important in maintaining efficient performance, reducing energy consumption, and increasing the reliability and availability of these systems. The reducing costs of microprocessor technology and the incorporation of more sophisticated monitoring equipment on to even fairly small refrigeration plant, now makes the introduction of on-line fault detection and diagnosis on refrigeration equipment feasible and cost effective. This paper reports on the development of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system for liquid chillers based on artificial intelligence techniques. The system was designed to monitor plant performance and to detect and diagnose faults through comparison with expected behaviour and previous experience of fault characteristics. The system operates on line in real time on a Java 2 platform and was initially used to detect refrigerant charge conditions. The results indicate that the FDD system developed is able to detect and diagnose fault conditions arising from low or high refrigerant charge correctly, using two parameters as detectors: condenser refrigerant outlet temperature and discharge pressure.

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Snoussi, Ali, and Ahmed Bellagi. "Thermodynamic modelling and optimisation of an irreversible heat driven refrigeration plant." International Journal of Exergy 1, no. 2 (2004): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2004.005090.

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Adnene, Cherif, and Dhouib Ahmed. "Optimization and management of a solar refrigeration plant using latent storage." Solar Energy 56, no. 6 (June 1996): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(96)00011-4.

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de Santana, Delano Mendes, Anderson Luis Cassinoni de Oliveira, Evelyn Kraneck, Thais Helena A. Bierrenbach de Camargo, and Reinaldo Antonio Cardoso. "Energy efficiency improvement in an ethylene plant propylene refrigeration cycle (C3R)." Applied Petrochemical Research 7, no. 2-4 (July 25, 2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-017-0179-0.

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Agee, Ernest, Andrea Orton, and John Rogers. "CO2 Snow Deposition in Antarctica to Curtail Anthropogenic Global Warming." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 2 (February 2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0110.1.

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AbstractA scientific plan is presented that proposes the construction of carbon dioxide (CO2) deposition plants in the Antarctic for removing CO2 gas from Earth’s atmosphere. The Antarctic continent offers the best environment on Earth for CO2 deposition at 1 bar of pressure and temperatures closest to that required for terrestrial air CO2 “snow” deposition—133 K. This plan consists of several components, including 1) air chemistry and CO2 snow deposition, 2) the deposition plant and a closed-loop liquid nitrogen refrigeration cycle, 3) the mass storage landfill, 4) power plant requirements, 5) prevention of dry ice sublimation, and 6) disposal (or use) of thermal waste. Calculations demonstrate that this project is worthy of consideration, whereby 446 deposition plants supported by sixteen 1200-MW wind farms can remove 1 billion tons (1012 kg) of carbon (1 GtC) annually (a reduction of 0.5 ppmv), which can be stored in an equivalent “landfill” volume of 2 km × 2 km × 160 m (insulated to prevent dry ice sublimation). The individual deposition plant, with a 100 m × 100 m × 100 m refrigeration chamber, would produce approximately 0.4 m of CO2 snow per day. The solid CO2 would be excavated into a 380 m × 380 m × 10 m insulated landfill, which would allow 1 yr of storage amounting to 2.24 × 10−3 GtC. Demonstrated success of a prototype system in the Antarctic would be followed by a complete installation of all 446 plants for CO2 snow deposition and storage (amounting to 1 billion tons annually), with wind farms positioned in favorable coastal regions with katabatic wind currents.

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Panyam, Varuneswara Reddy, Veda Sai Kolla, Lokesh Palawat, Ayush Sahu, and N. D. Banker. "Performance Comparison of a Vapor-Adsorption Cycle-Based Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling System for Different Refrigerants." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 01 (March 2018): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500025.

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Presently, to enhance the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine power plant, turbine inlet air cooling (TIAC) is the widely used technique. The conventional refrigeration methods like vapor compression refrigeration and evaporative cooling need electric power, hence absorption and adsorption refrigeration systems are attractive options as they can be powered using the waste heat energy of the exhaust gases. Adsorption system has advantages over absorption system like scalability, requirement of lower heat source temperature, absence of corrosion and crystallization. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of waste heat powered adsorption chiller used for the cooling of intake air to enhance the net power output of the gas turbine power plant. This paper also presents a comparative analysis of the vapor-adsorption cycle-based TIAC system for four different refrigerants viz. HFC-134a, carbon dioxide, ethanol and ammonia with the motive of finding a substitute refrigerant for HFC-134a which has a high global warming potential (GWP). The adsorption chiller is mathematically modeled in MATLAB with activated carbon as the adsorbent and each one of carbon dioxide, ethanol and ammonia as the adsorbate. The variation of the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling effect (SCE) with varying adsorption temperatures is presented for each pair. The net power output and primary energy rate (PER) improvement of the gas turbine power plant at different ambient temperatures are also discussed. It is observed that ammonia can improve the power plant performance significantly better compared to the other three refrigerants at ambient temperatures less than 40[Formula: see text]C.

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Okereke, Chukwuemeka J., Idehai O. Ohijeagbon, and Olumuyiwa A. Lasode. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System with Flooded Evaporator." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251950041x.

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In this study, energy and exergy analysis was used to evaluate the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system with a flooded evaporator and the causes of high temperatures of beverage during the production process determined. Subsequently, the components of the operation that require modification were identified in order to improve the system performance. The actual operating parameters related to energy and exergy analysis of the investigated beverage manufacturing plant were measured, the thermal properties of the beverage were determined from a calorimeter experiment, and mathematical models were developed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics from the literature. The system energy and exergy efficiencies were 57.46% and 21.17%, respectively, whereas the system exergy destruction was 695.71[Formula: see text]kW. The highest exergy destruction among the components of the refrigeration system occurred at the cooling plate, followed by the ammonia compressor. The cooling plate also experienced a loss in the refrigerating effect of 43.59[Formula: see text]kW. Therefore, the cooling plate is the area with the highest potential for improvement. The ammonia compressor presents another potential area of improvement, which includes operating the compressor at a high compression ratio and high superheated temperature. However, the reduction of beverage inlet mass flow rate at the cooling plate offers the best opportunity to achieve a low beverage temperature between 1.00∘C and 2.00∘C and decreasing the system exergy destruction without incurring additional investment costs.

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Al-Hemeri, Dr Shurooq Talib, Dr Mumtaz A. Yousif, and Dr Ahmed M. AL Barifcani. "Optimization of Ethylene Refrigeration System Using Genetic Algorithms Method." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i1.157.

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Ethylene refrigeration for gases separation at low temperature and high pressure for olefin production is an important technique in the chemical industry. Since small changes in the operating conditions of such a process can have a significant influence on its economics, optimization is desirable. The present work was aimed to propose and establish a mathematical model for the ethylene refrigeration system of the ethylene plant in Basrah petrochemical complex NO.1 (PC1) and reformulated as a geometric programming problem using Visual Basic for predicting:- (overall efficiency of the ethylene refrigeration system {% }and percent of energy saving %E). Through the formulated model shaft work consumption by the centrifugal compressor, refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of the system were obtained and other parameters concerning the system. The results of simulation showed a good agreement with the manufacturer manual.In this study the effect of four factors as independent variables on the overall refrigeration system efficiency and percent of energy saving were studied ;evaporator low pressure (PL) in the range of (1-3)bar ,compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) in the range of ( 28-32)bar ,condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) in the range of (6-22)0C and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) in the range of (1-5)0C. And the optimum conditions that aimed to minimize the thermodynamic irreversibility i.e (maximize overall refrigeration system efficiency) and also lower operating cost i.e (maximize percent of energy saving) evaporator low pressure (PL) (2.8 bar), compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) (28.7 bar), condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) (190C), and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) (3.40C). At these conditions the overall refrigeration system efficiency is (81.8%) and percent of energy saving is 51.18% with respect to conditions in the factory.

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Anand, Gopalakrishnan, Donald C. Erickson, and Ellen Makar. "Subfreezing Absorption Refrigeration for Industrial CHP." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500335.

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The design and operation of an advanced absorption refrigeration unit (Thermochiller) as part of an industrial combined heat and power (CHP) system is presented. The unit is installed at a vegetable processing plant in Santa Maria, California. The overall integrated system includes the engine package with waste heat recovery, Thermochiller, cooling tower, and chilling load interface. The unique feature of the system is that both the exhaust and jacket heat are used to supply subfreezing refrigeration. To achieve the low refrigeration temperatures of interest to industrial applications, all components of this integrated system needed careful consideration and optimization. The CHP system has a low emission natural gas-fired 633[Formula: see text]kW reciprocating engine cogeneration package. Both the exhaust heat and jacket heat are recovered and delivered via a hot glycol loop with 105[Formula: see text]C supply temperature and 80[Formula: see text]C return. The 125 ton ammonia absorption chiller (TC125) chills propylene glycol to [Formula: see text]C and has a coefficient of performance of 0.63. TC125 has peak electric demand of 10[Formula: see text]kW for pumps and 8[Formula: see text]kW for the cooling tower fan. The CHP system, including TC125, operates 20[Formula: see text]h per day, six days per week. All operations of TC125 are completely automatic and autonomous, including startups and shutdowns. Industrial refrigeration is typically a 24/7 load and highly energy-intensive. By converting all the engine waste heat to subfreezing refrigeration, Thermochiller brings added value to cogeneration or CHP projects.

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De Salve, M., D. Milani, B. Panella, and G. Roveta. "A Laboratory Plant for Gas Liquefaction." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 02 (May 27, 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132515500108.

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A prototype gas liquefaction plant has been designed and manufactured for Politecnico di Torino cryogenic laboratory and has been used for cryogenic applications like superconducting cables and low temperature refrigeration devices. The plant is able to liquefy nitrogen and, by means of little changes, hydrogen and other cryogenic fluids too. The thermal energy is removed by four high speed (up to 360 000 revolutions per minute) helium turbines that are connected in series. The gas liquefaction is carried out by the cooling condensation process of the gas flow that feeds a 0.15 m3 super insulated tank that is cooled inside. The cryogenic system is based on the Claude and Collins cycles, fed with helium that provides the cold sink. The paper shows the characteristics of the plant main components, and the time history of the measured temperatures, pressures, and flow rates during the plant start-up, as well as the steady state liquefied gas production rate. From the energetic point of view, the plant performance is acceptable for a research laboratory and the plant efficiency is not far from that of commercial larger size plants.

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Solovyova, Zh P., and A. I. Bezruchko. "Development of measures to improve industrial safety at ammonia refrigeration plant setting." Trends in the development of science and education 59, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2020-15.

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Haselden, G. G. "Performance testing and evaluation of refrigeration plant 13 May 1987, London, UK." International Journal of Refrigeration 11, no. 1 (January 1988): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(88)90015-1.

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Al-musleh, Easa I., Dharik S. Mallapragada, and Rakesh Agrawal. "Efficient electrochemical refrigeration power plant using natural gas with ∼100% CO2 capture." Journal of Power Sources 274 (January 2015): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.184.

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Fleming, John S., Yan Tang, and C. X. You. "Shutdown process simulation of a refrigeration plant having a twin screw compressor." International Journal of Refrigeration 19, no. 6 (July 1996): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(96)00038-2.

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