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Journal articles on the topic 'Refugee incorporation'
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1
Cannedy, Shay. "Crafting Citizens: Resettlement Agencies and Refugee Incorporation in the U. S." Practicing Anthropology 33, no. 4 (2011): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.33.4.1054065168q7v740.
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Being a citizen means more than simply possessing proper legal documents. It also entails notions of belonging that are defined and cultivated in large part by the nation-state. As Aihwa Ong (2003) observes, citizenship is a ‘social process,’ which, in the context of the United States, is tied to wealth accumulation and self-reliance. The role of the state in this process is clearly visible in refugee resettlement, where newly arrived refugees come into contact with a host of social services designed to create citizens who are appropriately "American."
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Masuku, Sikanyiso, and Sharmla Rama. "Challenges to Refugees’ Socioeconomic Inclusion: A Lens Through the Experiences of Congolese Refugees in South Africa." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 1 (2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20913713.
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In antithesis to the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (socioeconomic inclusion for all) and a relatively progressive refugee policy framework (Refugee Act 130 of 1998), refugees in South Africa continue to face targeted exclusion and reduced living potentials. Impediments to refugee groups ability to ‘thrive and not just survive’ (as called for in the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees), are examined in this paper through a synopsis of the conditions surrounding their access to legal documents (a conduit to socioeconomic rights), their equitable participation/inclusion within the formal labour markets, financial sectors etc. In examining these issues, a case-study-based interpretive research design technique with eight FGD participants and two life history participants (drawn from Congolese refugees’ residing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) was done. Several conceptual frameworks as well as a single principal theory (Murphy’s theory of monopolization) were utilized so as to fully examine forced migrant groups socioeconomic participation/inclusion in South Africa. This articles findings revealed that primary cultural, as well as structural agentive processes of obstruction significantly inhibit refugee groups full socioeconomic participating in the life of their host communities. The said obstructions included but were not confined to: adverse forms of incorporation, opportunity hoarding, as well as the normative unobtainability of social, cultural, and symbolic forms of capital.
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Kay, Margaret, Claire Jackson, and Caroline Nicholson. "Refugee health: a new model for delivering primary health care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 1 (2010): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09048.
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Providing health care to newly arrived refugees within the primary health care system has proved challenging. The primary health care sector needs enhanced capacity to provide quality health care for this population. The Primary Care Amplification Model has demonstrated its capacity to deliver effective health care to patients with chronic disease such as diabetes. This paper describes the adaption of the model to enhance the delivery of health care to the refugee community. A ‘beacon’ practice with an expanded clinical capacity to deliver health care for refugees has been established. Partnerships link this practice with existing local general practices and community services. Governance involves collaboration between clinical leadership and relevant government and non-government organisations including local refugee communities. Integration with tertiary and community health sectors is facilitated and continuing education of health care providers is an important focus. Early incorporation of research in this model ensures effective feedback to inform providers of current health needs. Although implementation is currently in its formative phase, the Primary Care Amplification Model offers a flexible, yet robust framework to facilitate the delivery of quality health care to refugee patients.
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George, Stacy Keogh. "Teaching globalisation in the social sciences." Learning and Teaching 10, no. 3 (2017): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2018.100303.
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This article describes the incorporation of a refugee simulation into an upper-division sociology course on globalisation at a liberal arts institution in the United States. The simulation is designed to inform students of the refugee process in the United States by inviting participants to immerse themselves in refugee experiences by adopting identities of actual refugee families as they complete four stages of the refugee application process. Student reactions to the refugee simulation suggest that it is an effective tool for demonstrating the complexities of the refugee experience in the United States and for evoking social empathy.
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George, Stacy Keogh. "Teaching globalisation in the social sciences." Learning and Teaching 10, no. 3 (2017): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2017.100303.
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Abstract This article describes the incorporation of a refugee simulation into an upper-division sociology course on globalisation at a liberal arts institution in the United States. The simulation is designed to inform students of the refugee process in the United States by inviting participants to immerse themselves in refugee experiences by adopting identities of actual refugee families as they complete four stages of the refugee application process. Student reactions to the refugee simulation suggest that it is an effective tool for demonstrating the complexities of the refugee experience in the United States and for evoking social empathy.
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Zetter, Roger. "Incorporation and exclusion: The life cycle of Malawi's Refugee assistance program." World Development 23, no. 10 (1995): 1653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(95)00072-k.
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Hanafi, Sari. "Gulf Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis." Sociology of Islam 5, no. 2-3 (2017): 112–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00503005.
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This article will focus on how the Gulf, state and society, reacted to the Syrian crisis and the role of religious leaders in Gulf area and beyond in addressing when a Muslim should opt for migration as a response to the deterioration of their living conditions and how should behave in the host society. After examining statistics that contradict the Gulf’s official declarations concerning the number of Syrian refugees hosted by their countries, I will review briefly the debates in favor and against receiving Syrian refugees in the Gulf societies through conventional and social media. Finally, through the analysis of fatwas issued since 2011, I will argue that the landscape of religious scripts provides contradictory messages about migration, modes of migrant’s incorporation and hospitality. Some of these messages call upon Muslims to receive refugees in distress while others are either silent or discouraging refugees to go to non-Muslim countries.
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Pinkerton, Patrick. "Governing Potential: Biopolitical Incorporation and the German “Open-Door” Refugee and Migration Policy." International Political Sociology 13, no. 2 (2018): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ips/oly033.
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Çelikaksoy, Aycan, and Eskil Wadensjö. "Refugee Youth in Sweden Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children." Journal of Refugee Studies 30, no. 4 (2017): 530–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few042.
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Abstract The number of children fleeing and/or seeking asylum alone without parents or guardians has been increasing during the last decade worldwide, where Sweden has been receiving the largest number of asylum claims by unaccompanied minors in Europe. Despite the growing interest in the situation of this group in destination countries, there is a lack of research articles that address this group with nationwide comprehensive data. This study examines the labour-market situation of the whole population of the refugee youth who entered Sweden as unaccompanied minors or separated children and were registered during the years 2003–12. We investigate whether this group is in a disadvantageous situation regarding labour-market incorporation compared to their counterparts who arrived with their families due to their specific marginalized and vulnerable position within society. The results show that this group exhibits capacity and resilience in terms of finding employment and willingness to work. The results are discussed with a structural incorporation framework from a reception and integration policy perspective as well as from an immigrant wellbeing and a ‘whole-child’ approach.
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Esber, Rosemarie M. "Rewriting The History of 1948: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Question Revisited." Holy Land Studies 4, no. 1 (2005): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2005.4.1.55.
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The existence of Palestinian refugees remains an unresolved grievance at the heart of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and a major obstacle to peace. This paper places the Palestinian exodus in historiographical context, elucidates the arguments that have characterised the debate over the Palestinian refugees since their creation, and presents new research. The incorporation of the Palestinian viewpoint and British contemporary perspectives from oral histories and the documentary record demonstrate that the creation of the Palestinian refugees during the civil war period lay in the convergence of chaotic civil conflict, the British inaction to suppress the escalating violence, and Zionist offensive operations aimed at forcing out the Arab population.
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Aradau, Claudia, Tobias Blanke, and Giles Greenway. "Acts of digital parasitism: Hacking, humanitarian apps and platformisation." New Media & Society 21, no. 11-12 (2019): 2548–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819852589.
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The opacity of digital technologies has posed significant challenges for critical research and digital methods. In response, controversy mapping, reverse engineering and hacking have been key methodological devices to grapple with opacity and ‘open the black box’ of digital ecosystems. We take recent developments in digital humanitarianism and the accelerated production of apps for refugees following the 2015 Mediterranean refugee crisis as a site of methodological experimentation to advance hacking as critical methodological interference. Drawing on the work of Michel Serres, we propose to understand digital technologies as ‘parasitic’ and reconceptualise hacking as ‘acts of digital parasitism’. Acts of digital parasitism are interferences that work alongside rather than work against. On one hand, this reworking of hacking advances an agenda for digital methods through reworking hacking for digital humanities and social science research. On the other, it allows us to show how the object of research – humanitarian apps – is configured through platformisation and incorporation within digital parasitic relations.
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Archambault, Josée. "The Status Shift of Refugee Children in Settlement: An Analysis of the Norwegian Context." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 3 (2010): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x494344.
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AbstractDrawing on the Norwegian context of the settlement of refugee families who have been granted a residence permit after applying for asylum, this article looks at how the incorporation of children's rights into domestic immigration policies appears to offer asylum-seeking children a better entry as 'active citizens' than is offered to their parents in the early stages of asylum. Later on during the asylum process, once families obtain a residence permit along with the right to settle, the focus of welfare policies shifts toward the emancipation of adults' integration as active new citizens. The article explores the reasons for that shift and identifies how the special status of refugee children seems to go off at a tangent when their whole family officially settles in the country. This transitional process highlights the duality between the state's recognition of the responsibility of parents, and the recognition of the rights of children as individuals.
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BACH, ROBERT L. "Immigration: Issues of Ethnicity, Class, and Public Policy in the United States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001012.
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This article argues that the incorporation of immigrants into the advanced industrial states may be best understood in the context of recent theoretical debates over the changing character of racial and gender inequality. Specifically, it attempts to draw parallels between the conditions of working-class minorities and women born in the advanced economies and the economic progress of new immigrant groups. Shifting from a focus on individualized discrimination, emphasis is placed on the structural divisions within each immigrant group. For example, the bifurcation of the black community, resulting from the relative success of its middle class and the persistent decline of the underclass, is mirrored in the differentiation of immigrant and refugee groups. In contrast to the success stories of a few immigrant entrepreneurs or reconstituted fragments of an uprooted capitalist class, the majority within these immigrant and refugee groups are forming part of a restructured working class found throughout the advanced industrial states. This emphasis on the restructuring of the working class identifies grounds for a political framework based on a broad coalition of interests among those of various backgrounds who work for low and modest wages.
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Ishikawa, N., K. Simon, and J. D. H. Porter. "Factors affecting the choice of delivery site and incorporation of traditional birth customs in a refugee camp, Thailand." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 78, no. 1 (2002): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00067-x.
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Kurien, Prema. "South Asian Migration, Settlement, and Sociopolitical Incorporation on the North American West Coast." AAPI Nexus: Policy, Practice and Community 15, no. 1-2 (2017): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/1545-0317.15.1.85.
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There are large South Asian settlements in the larger Vancouver region of British Columbia in Canada and in Northern and Central California (from Yuba City to Fresno) in the United States. While the early migration patterns of Sikhs and Hindus to these two areas were similar, they subsequently diverged and the South Asian settlements in the two regions now exhibit very different profiles. This resource paper summarizes and analyzes the literature on factors shaping the migration, settlement, and incorporation patterns of Asian immigrants in these two regions. I argue that the parallels in early South Asian migration patterns to the North American West Coast were due to similarities in the economic and social profile of these regions, Canadian and U.S. policies toward Asian immigrants, and easy movement between Canada and the United States. The divergence between the two regions took place over time largely as an outcome of changes in regional characteristics (e.g., the development of Silicon Valley), differences in the group characteristics and networks of Sikhs and Hindus, and an increasing divergence in Canadian and U.S. immigration regulations (e.g., differences in family reunification, refugee, and H1-B visa policies). The final section discusses how these settlement patterns have led to differences in the identity formation and sociopolitical incorporation of Sikhs and Hindus in the two regions.
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Fraser, David, and Frank Caestecker. "Jews or Germans? Nationality Legislation and the Restoration of Liberal Democracy in Western Europe after the Holocaust." Law and History Review 31, no. 2 (2013): 391–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248013000035.
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Statelessness continues to trouble today's international legal and political spheres. Despite the International Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, the stateless remain an unwelcome presence and awkward anomaly within an international human rights regime still fundamentally dominated by the nation state structure. In 1945, Marc Vishniak wrote that the stateless were “… restricted in their rights more than any other people and constitute the weakest chain in the link of human rights.” Hannah Arendt, who was herself a Jewish refugee from Germany, placed the enigma of the stateless in an even more central philosophical position. Whereas Visniak emphasized the problematic and marginalized legal status of the stateless within the dominant international paradigm, Arendt proposed a re-imagining of the international legal order, a vision that would prioritize a solution to the situation of the stateless, especially stateless Jews, by “somehow or other restoring to them the inalienable rights of man.” For Arendt, Jewish former citizens of Germany, stripped of their nationality by the Nazi regime, occupied a newly paradoxical situation as empowered and voluntaryHeimatlos,precisely because they now rejected the standard legal normativity of the state/citizen template. Arendt found historical support for her argument about statelessness as both abnormal within dominant international legal thinking, and at the same time strangely empowering, with regard to the situation of the mainly Jewish refugees displaced during World War I. They had fallen outside the protections offered by new succession countries at the end of that conflict, very often by their own decision to refuse incorporation as citizens of the emergent nation states. These Jewishapatridesdiscovered “privileges and juridical advantages in statelessness.” For Arendt, Jewish former citizens of Germany at the end of World War II further embodied a move toward conceptualizing a new international paradigm wherein rights could be sought beyond the traditional bounds of a state-based legal order, precisely because those bounds had been irrevocably shattered by the state itself.
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Frost, Elizabeth Leah, Christine Markham, and Andrew Springer. "Refugee Health Education: Evaluating a Community-Based Approach to Empowering Refugee Women in Houston, Texas." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 3 (2018): 949–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21622.
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Although resettlement agencies in the United States assist refugees by offering a variety of local social and health services, refugees are still less likely to access these services. Few studies have evaluated refugee health education interventions focusing on barriers to accessing healthcare and overcoming negative social determinants of health. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived impact of a yearlong health education intervention to empower Burmese refugee women living in Houston, Texas. The intervention included workshops, community excursions, question and answer (Q&A) sessions, and home visits. The evaluation was a formative qualitative study including interviews with Burmese refugee women who participated in the intervention and local resettlement agency caseworkers. Qualitative content analysis guided the data analysis and was conducted to identify categories and emergent themes. Key findings indicated that motivation to participate in the intervention was impacted by the women’s perceived relevance of health education material to Burmese cultural values and opportunities for hands-on learning to promote self-efficacy. Recommendations for future interventions include the use of community health workers to train refugee health educators, pairing English lessons with health education material to promote development of English language skills, developing teaching materials for refugees with low literacy, establishing bottom-up support from refugee resettlement agencies, and incorporating the social work ecological model to tailor health-focused interventions to the specific needs of the refugee community.
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Yalim, Asli Cennet, and Isok Kim. "Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs of Syrian Refugees: A Literature Review and Future Directions." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 3 (2018): 833–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21633.
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Since 2011, the Syrian refugee crisis has resulted in a massive displacement of Syrians, inside and outside of Syria. The enormous psychosocial needs of displaced Syrians have been documented by various reports and studies. With expected arrivals of Syrian refugees resettling in the United States in the near future, the intensity of the challenges for both resettlement agencies and the Syrian refugees themselves are expected to increase. A literature review was conducted for publications produced between March 2011 and January 2017. Academic and grey literature were explored to provide an overview of the psychosocial well-being and cultural characteristics of Syrians. Additionally, current models were analyzed to identify future directions for social work practice. It is vital to understand the Syrian refugee crisis through a multidisciplinary lens. Responding to the challenges found among Syrians requires deliberate consideration for sociocultural, historical, and political issues that uniquely describe them and their contexts. Identifying psychosocial needs may facilitate other aspects of resettlement outcomes, such as employment, education, and social integration. Incorporating a holistic model that reflects trauma-informed and human rights perspectives into clinical as well as policy practices is critical for better overall resettlement outcomes for Syrian refugees, and refugee populations in general.
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Williams, Nombasa. "A Critical Review of the Literature: Engendering the Discourse of Masculinities Matter for Parenting African Refugee Men." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 2 (2009): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309346055.
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According to the literature on culturally and linguistically diverse parenting, refugee parenting practices and styles that are normative in countries of origin may not be sanctioned in Australia. In the case of refugee parenting, beliefs, practices, and values may be decentered in pre-resettlement contexts where survival becomes the primary concern. Engendering the discourse of masculinities to reflect a relationship between child protection and the experience of refugee parenting for African men in both pre- and post-resettlement contexts will inform culturally competent practice, intervention, and community development that is inclusive of their gender-specific needs. This article brings an expanded masculinities perspective to the ecology of refugee parenting for resettled African men resulting from larger research findings with focus group participants. Incorporating notions of masculinity into the child protection discourse is an attempt not only to reduce existing gender under- and misrepresentation among South Australian refugees but also to ensure greater visibility and increase the role of refugee men in the process of developing culturally relevant and appropriate policies, practices, and services to assist successful resettlement transitions while strengthening family well-being. The concept of masculinities, this article argues, must be treated as integral to any approach to working with refugees, particularly in areas that penetrate and may define the quality of their life experiences, expectations, and aspirations. Masculinities matter. Exploring refugee male perceptions, interpretations, and enactment of masculinity may unmask the differential experiences of refugee women from men and ensure the integration and operationalization of these differences into child protection services and practice.
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Wilson, Bradley, and Thomas Paradise. "Assessing the impact of Syrian refugees on earthquake fatality estimations in southeast Turkey." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 1 (2018): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-257-2018.
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Abstract. The influx of millions of Syrian refugees into Turkey has rapidly changed the population distribution along the Dead Sea Rift and East Anatolian fault zones. In contrast to other countries in the Middle East where refugees are accommodated in camp environments, the majority of displaced individuals in Turkey are integrated into local cities, towns, and villages – placing stress on urban settings and increasing potential exposure to strong earthquake shaking. Yet displaced populations are often unaccounted for in the census-based population models used in earthquake fatality estimations. This study creates a minimally modeled refugee gridded population model and analyzes its impact on semi-empirical fatality estimations across southeast Turkey. Daytime and nighttime fatality estimates were produced for five fault segments at earthquake magnitudes 5.8, 6.4, and 7.0. Baseline fatality estimates calculated from census-based population estimates for the study area varied in scale from tens to thousands of fatalities, with higher death totals in nighttime scenarios. Refugee fatality estimations were analyzed across 500 semi-random building occupancy distributions. Median fatality estimates for refugee populations added non-negligible contributions to earthquake fatalities at four of five fault locations, increasing total fatality estimates by 7–27 %. These findings communicate the necessity of incorporating refugee statistics into earthquake fatality estimations in southeast Turkey and the ongoing importance of placing environmental hazards in their appropriate regional and temporal context.
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Fox, Steven H., and Mary S. Willis. "Dental Restorations for Dinka and Nuer Refugees: A Confluence of Culture and Healing." Transcultural Psychiatry 47, no. 3 (2010): 452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461510374559.
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The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, and the Self-reporting Questionnaire-24 were used to evaluate distress among 22 Dinka and Nuer refugees to the US before and after complete restoration of four to six lower front teeth that had been extracted during childhood in Sudan. Participants reported significant improvement in levels of distress following full restoration of missing teeth, including symptoms of PTSD. These results illustrate the value of incorporating community perspectives into the selection of health treatment options for newly arriving populations. But they also emphasize the unique situation faced by each refugee population as they embark on a wholly new cultural learning process.
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Schuster, Liza, and John Solomos. "Asylum, Refuge and Public Policy: Current Trends and Future Dilemmas." Sociological Research Online 6, no. 1 (2001): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.582.
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Britain is a signatory of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms and the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. It is only in the last decade, however, with the passage of the 1993 Asylum and Immigration Appeal Act and the 1998 Human Rights Act, that these two Conventions have became part of British law. This paper begins by exploring the impact of the incorporation of the 1951 Convention and then moves on to look at the hopes that are now pinned on the Human Rights Act. It concludes by considering the (actual and potential) impact of these two Conventions on asylum policy and practice since their incorporation into British law and explores the possible conflict between the Conventions and recent British legislation on asylum. In doing so it highlights the need to develop a deeper and contextualised understanding of current preoccupations with the issue of asylum and refuge in Britain and other European societies.
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Bjørkhaug, Ingunn, Morten Bøås, and Tewodros Kebede. "Displacement, Belonging, and Land Rights in Grand Gedeh, Liberia: Almost at Home Abroad?" African Studies Review 60, no. 3 (2017): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.118.
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Abstract:Conflicts over local land rights between groups considered as “sons of the soil” and newcomers such as refugees can trigger autochthony-inspired violence. However, such conflicts are not always manifested, even when the conditions are in place. The question we explore in this article is whether such conflicts are less likely to emerge if the “other” is from a group with a longstanding bond of interethnic allegiance with the host community. Based on ethnographic data from host–refugee communities in Grand Gedeh, Liberia, we revisit previous attempts to explain economic and social relations between majority and minority groups. Our main finding is that in this part of Africa no prior special status will fundamentally alter the established ways of incorporating strangers into the community.
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Marlowe, Jay. "Transnational crisis translation: social media and forced migration." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 2 (2019): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2018-0368.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline how refugees’ transnational networks and online relationships facilitated through social media provide access to timely and trusted translated information in disaster settings. Design/methodology/approach The study is a digital ethnography of resettled refugees’ practices of transnational care and support through social media that took place over 12 months. It involved conducting 50 semi-structured interviews and collecting 472 online social media diaries with 15 participants. Data analysis was conducted through constructivist grounded theory. Findings Transnational networks are increasingly part of refugees’ everyday lives that illustrate how social media platforms can provide forms of transnational care and access to trusted translated communications during times of crisis. The paper discusses the possibilities and cautions of such support. Research limitations/implications The small number of participants limits the ability to make generalised claims about refugees and transnational possibilities for reducing disaster risk. However, the reality that social media effectively provide a bridge between “here” and “there” signals the importance of incorporating these considerations as a form of transnational disaster risk reduction. Practical implications The project highlights from policy and practice standpoints, how transnational networks and social media can be used to improve disaster communications and translation. This focus is achieved through examining the usability, accessibility and affordability of digital communication technologies for forced migrants. Originality/value Few studies focus on refugees and disaster risk reduction. This is particularly the case as it relates to the roles of transnational networks, which have increasing everyday interactions in countries that provide refugee resettlement programmes.
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Smith-Khan and Crock. "‘The Highest Attainable Standard’: The Right to Health for Refugees with Disabilities." Societies 9, no. 2 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020033.
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The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) creates duties for States Parties and UN agencies to ensure that individuals under their protection have equal enjoyment of the full range of human rights. This includes the Article 25 right to enjoy ‘the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability.’ However, refugees, who are forced to seek protection outside their state, face particular obstacles to maintaining an adequate level of wellbeing and accessing services to meet their health needs. Among this group, those who have a disability may confront multiple intersecting challenges. This paper draws on the findings of research across countries that play host to significant refugee populations. It explores the contribution of the CRPD to the international human rights framework for refugees, with particular attention to the right to health. Incorporating evidence from the field, it discusses the implementation of these rights and related duties in humanitarian responses across the world. This article discusses common barriers to health services for refugees with disabilities in six host countries. Based on the broad conceptualization of health and wellbeing established in the international legal framework, it also examines the relationship between the fulfilment of Article 25 and other basic socioeconomic rights. It provides examples of good practice and identifies strategies to better ensure the rights set out in Article 25 of the CRPD.
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Kanagaratnam, Pushpa, Joanna Anneke Rummens, and Brenda TonerVA. "“We Are All Alive . . . But Dead”: Cultural Meanings of War Trauma in the Tamil Diaspora and Implications for Service Delivery." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (2020): 215824402096356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020963563.
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Providing culturally appropriate mental health services to war-affected refugees residing in the West continues to pose many challenges. Gaining firsthand knowledge from the refugee communities themselves is crucial to improving our knowledge and guiding our interventions. The purpose of this study is to understand perceptions of war trauma in the Tamil diaspora. Fifty-one Sri Lankan Tamils living in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, were interviewed. Transcripts were thematically analyzed using content analysis. Findings indicate that war trauma is not viewed by the diaspora as a pathological notion. Positioned within a moral context, and independent from isolated events of war, manifestations of war trauma were discussed at an interpersonal and collective level. Diagnostic categories, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), do not seem to fully capture the breadth of war trauma in this diaspora community. Implications for service delivery, and for incorporating the unique aspects of suffering resulting from a fragmented community, are discussed.
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Chenillat, Fanny, Pascal Rivière, and Mark D. Ohman. "On the sensitivity of plankton ecosystem models to the formulation of zooplankton grazing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0252033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252033.
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Model representations of plankton structure and dynamics have consequences for a broad spectrum of ocean processes. Here we focus on the representation of zooplankton and their grazing dynamics in such models. It remains unclear whether phytoplankton community composition, growth rates, and spatial patterns in plankton ecosystem models are especially sensitive to the specific means of representing zooplankton grazing. We conduct a series of numerical experiments that explicitly address this question. We focus our study on the form of the functional response to changes in prey density, including the formulation of a grazing refuge. We use a contemporary biogeochemical model based on continuum size-structured organization, including phytoplankton diversity, coupled to a physical model of the California Current System. This region is of particular interest because it exhibits strong spatial gradients. We find that small changes in grazing refuge formulation across a range of plausible functional forms drive fundamental differences in spatial patterns of plankton concentrations, species richness, pathways of grazing fluxes, and underlying seasonal cycles. An explicit grazing refuge, with refuge prey concentration dependent on grazers’ body size, using allometric scaling, is likely to provide more coherent plankton ecosystem dynamics compared to classic formulations or size-independent threshold refugia. We recommend that future plankton ecosystem models pay particular attention to the grazing formulation and implement a threshold refuge incorporating size-dependence, and we call for a new suite of experimental grazing studies.
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Fish, Matthew, and Olivia Fakoussa. "Towards culturally inclusive mental health: learning from focus groups with those with refugee and asylum seeker status in Plymouth." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 4 (2018): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-12-2017-0050.
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Purpose Pre- and post-immigration trauma and stress make refugees a particularly vulnerable group in terms of mental health and well-being. The purpose of this paper is to describe a listening project undertaken in Plymouth, UK, which sought the views of 17 service users (n=12) and staff (n=5) from four local support organisations, for people with refugee and asylum seeker status and those with diverse cultural backgrounds. Aims of the project were to expand Western-centric understandings regarding beneficial support and the promotion of good mental health and well-being in this population. Design/methodology/approach Responses were subjected to thematic analysis, co-conducted with a service user. Participants were asked about their personal understandings of mental health and well-being and what supports or hinders well-being. Findings The findings enabled the development of a model incorporating 10 threads which support and 9 holes that can hinder well-being. Research limitations/implications The relatively small numbers of participants compared with the numbers of asylum seekers and refugees in Plymouth may not be fully representative of the general population in Plymouth and the UK. Originality/value Despite increasing cultural diversity within the UK population, available mental health services exist mainly as developed from a Western psychological model of mental distress and treatment. This research provides services with a more informed understanding of mental health for asylum seekers and refugees. As such it is of value towards future service design in Plymouth and the UK. Findings also contributed to a successful funding bid to set up a peer-led support project in the city.
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Kavak, Sinem. "Syrian refugees in seasonal agricultural work: a case of adverse incorporation in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 54 (May 2016): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2016.7.
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AbstractThis article examines how the labor market in seasonal migrant work in agriculture in Turkey has changed with the influx of refugees from Syria. Based on both qualitative and quantitative fieldwork in ten provinces of Turkey, the article discusses precarity in seasonal migrant work in agriculture and the impact of the entry of refugees on this labor market. The analysis of precariousness of both Turkish-citizen migrant workers and refugees suggests that precarity is a relational phenomenon. The multifaceted vulnerabilities of groups in the lower echelons of the labor market resonate with one another and the adverse incorporation of vulnerable groups into the labor market pushes the market in a more insecure and informal direction.
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Fan, Rui Ning. "A Predator-Prey Model Incorporating Prey Refuge and Allee Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1534.
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The effect of refuge used by prey has a stabilizing impact on population dynamics and the effect of time delay has its destabilizing influences. Little attention has been paid to the combined effects of prey refuge and time delay on the dynamic consequences of the predator-prey interaction. Here, a predator-prey model with a class of functional responses was studied by using the analytical approach. The refuge is considered as protecting a constant proportion of prey and the discrete time delay is the gestation period. We evaluated both effects with regard to the local stability of the interior equilibrium point of the considered model. The results showed that the effect of prey refuge has stronger influences than that of time delay on the considered model when the time lag is smaller than the threshold. However, if the time lag is larger than the threshold, the effect of time delay has stronger influences than that of refuge used by prey.
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Skrodzka, Aga. "Why “goEast” When They Are All Coming West?" Film Quarterly 70, no. 1 (2016): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2016.70.1.107.
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A report from the sixteenth goEast Festival of Central and Eastern European Film, which took place at the historic Caligari FilmBühne in Wiesbaden, Germany. Supported by the German Film Institute (Deutsches Filminstitut DIF) in Frankfurt, goEast originated in 2001 as a cross-cultural initiative designed to popularize East Central European cinema in the West, an effort which was then aligned with the European unification project focused on incorporating the post- Communist countries into the European family. Today, as the festival continues to cast its gaze eastward, it is no longer the expansion of the European Union that provides its political framework. Rather, this year's edition was more impacted by the questions surrounding the future existence of the European Union itself, whose members had recently refused to act in solidarity to address the ongoing refugee crisis, with some even contemplating exit strategies. Intensifying nationalism and resurgent xenophobia were directly mentioned by a number of goEast organizers as forces that the festival is actively seeking to oppose.
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Ma, Zhi Hui, Shu Fan Wang, and Wen Ting Wang. "Dynamical Analysis of Prey Refuge in a Predator-Prey System with Rosenzweig Functional Response." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.577.
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In this paper, we proposed a predator-prey system incorporating Rosenzweig functional response and prey refuges. We will consider the stability property of the equilibria. Our results show that refuges using by prey have stabilizing effect on the considered system.
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CHEN, LIUJUAN, and FENGDE CHEN. "GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF A HARVESTED PREDATOR–PREY MODEL INCORPORATING A CONSTANT PREY REFUGE." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 02 (2010): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524510000957.
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A predator–prey model with Holling type II functional response incorporating a constant prey refuge and independent harvesting in either species is investigated. Some sufficient conditions of the instability and stability properties to the equilibria and the existence and uniqueness to limit cycles for the model are obtained. We also show that influence of prey refuge and harvesting efforts on equilibrium density values. One of the surprising finding is that for fixed prey refuge, harvesting has no influence on the final density of the prey species, while the density of predator species is decreasing with the increasing of harvesting effort on prey species and the fixation of harvesting effort on predator species. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the obtained results and the dependence of the dynamic behavior on the harvesting efforts or prey refuge.
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Mahapatra, G. S., and P. Santra. "Prey–predator model for optimal harvesting with functional response incorporating prey refuge." International Journal of Biomathematics 09, no. 01 (2015): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524516500145.
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This paper presents a prey–predator model considering the predator interacting with non-refuges prey by class of functional responses. Here we also consider harvesting for only non-refuges prey. We discuss the equilibria of the model, and their stability for hiding prey either in constant form or proportional to the densities of prey population. We also investigate various possibilities of bionomic equilibrium and optimal harvesting policy. Finally we present numerical examples with pictorial presentation of the various effects of the prey–predator system parameter.
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Hall, Jonathan. "Integration of Refugees and Support for the Ethos of Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 9 (2017): 2040–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717721393.
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Following forced expulsion and campaigns of ethnic cleansing, substantial portions of national communities affected by conflict no longer live within the boundaries of the state. Nevertheless, existing wartime and postwar public opinion research is largely confined to countries directly affected by conflict. As a result, current research may overlook important war-affected populations and processes shaping their opinions. I address this problem by examining the question: does incorporation in settlement countries reduce support for conflict ideology? Examining this question requires new microdata. I examine the results of a large-scale survey of ex-Yugoslavs in Sweden. The findings suggest that incorporation undermines support for conflict ideology by increasing the socioeconomic security and social identity complexity of migrants. This has important implications for multiculturalism policies in the context of the current global migration crisis.
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DEVI, SAPNA. "NONCONSTANT PREY HARVESTING IN RATIO-DEPENDENT PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM INCORPORATING A CONSTANT PREY REFUGE." International Journal of Biomathematics 05, no. 02 (2012): 1250021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524511001635.
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This paper deals with the problem of nonconstant harvesting of prey in a ratio-dependent predator–prey system incorporating a constant prey refuge. Here we use the reasonable catch-rate function instead of usual catch-per-unit-effort hypothesis. The existence, as well as the stability of possible equilibria, is carried out. Bionomic equilibrium of the system is determined and optimal harvest policy is studied with the help of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The key results developed in this paper are illustrated using numerical simulations. Our results indicate that dynamic behavior of the system very much depends on the prey refuge parameter and increasing amount of refuge could increase prey density and may lead to the extinction of predator population density.
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Corace, III, R. Gregory, P. Charles Goebel, David M. Hix, Tracy Casselman, and Nancy E. Seefelt. "Ecological forestry at National Wildlife Refuges: Experiences from Seney National Wildlife Refuge and Kirtland’s Warbler Wildlife Management Area, USA." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 5 (2009): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85695-5.
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Although land management over much of the history of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has emphasized single-species management, recent policy has encouraged land managers to focus on broader ecosystem restoration goals. One framework for forest ecosystem management that is becoming more popular in the NWRS and other federal and state resource agencies has been termed “ecological forestry”—an approach to forest ecosystem management where the focus is on incorporating an understanding of the outcomes of natural disturbances and stand development processes into designing silvicultural practices. This approach stresses understanding the effects of natural disturbances on biological legacies, structural and compositional heterogeneity, and the recovery periods between disturbance events (including how this recovery period influences stand complexity). Recently, resource managers and ecologists from Seney National Wildlife Refuge, The Ohio State University, and Central Michigan University have partnered to examine how these guiding principles can be integrated into NWRS forest ecosystem management. Specifically, we are partnering to develop management strategies to help: 1) restore the once extensive mixed-pine forest ecosystems of eastern Upper Michigan; 2) mitigate the effects of the beech-bark disease complex on American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), a foundation species in northern hardwood forests of eastern North America; and 3) promote more natural forest patterns for wildlife species of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest ecosystems, including the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). These efforts are ongoing and will continue to be monitored over time. However, initial collaborations suggest that the NWRS provides an excellent crucible to study the application of ecological forestry principles and develop novel ways to manage forest ecosystems. Key words: ecological forestry, forest restoration, Kirtland’s warbler, National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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Ouellet, Valerie, André St-Hilaire, Yves Secretan, Marc Mingelbier, Jean Morin, and Stephen J. Dugdale. "The Importance of Including Water Temperature Simulations in a 2D Fish Habitat Model for the St. Lawrence River." Water 13, no. 13 (2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131736.
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Extreme climatic conditions likely caused a massive fish mortality during the summer of 2001 in the St. Lawrence River. To corroborate this hypothesis, we used a physical habitat simulation approach incorporating hydraulic and water temperature models. Spawning Habitat Suitability Indices (HSI) for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were developed using fuzzy logic and applied to the model outputs to estimate habitat weighted usable area during the event. The results revealed that areas suitable for common carp spawning (HSI > 0.3) were severely reduced by high water temperatures, which exceeded 28 °C during the mortality event. During the mortality event, the amount of suitable habitat was reduced to <200 ha/day, representing less than 15% of the maximum potential suitable habitat in the study reach. In addition, the availability of cooler habitats that could have been used as thermal refuges was also reduced. These results indicate that the high water temperature in spawning areas and reduced accessibility to thermal refuge habitats exposed the carp to substantial physiological and environmental stress. The high water temperatures were highly detrimental to the fish and eventually led to the observed mortalities. This study demonstrates the importance of including water temperature in habitat suitability models.
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Staugas, Elijah J., Aaron L. Fenner, Mehregan Ebrahimi, and C. Michael Bull. "Artificial burrows with basal chambers are preferred by pygmy bluetongue lizards, Tiliqua adelaidensis." Amphibia-Reptilia 34, no. 1 (2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002864.
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Natural refuges are sometimes supplemented with artificial refuges to enhance populations of endangered species, or to improve the success of translocation and relocation programs. The design and structure of these artificial structures should incorporate key features of natural refuges. We aimed to improve the design of artificial burrows currently used in the conservation of the pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis, by comparing burrows with or without a basal chamber. We found that lizards chose burrows with chambers significantly more often, but that neither the size of the chamber, nor the substrate lining the chamber influenced the choice. Incorporating a basal chamber into the design of artificial burrows should provide more favourable artificial refuges for these lizards and should be incorporated into future conservation management programs.
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Soriano, Encarnación, and Verónica C. Cala. "What Attitudes Toward Refugees Do Future European Teachers Have? A Comparative Analysis between France and Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (2019): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113066.
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(1) Background. The increase in international conflicts and humanitarian crises has led to an increase in the movement of people to Europe. The legal and moral commitments of the European Union require the incorporation and integration of such refugees. In this sense, the school and its teaching staff are a key agent in the challenge of integrating newly arrived students. This research analyses attitudes towards inclusive European citizenship, the recognition of rights, and feelings of threat and affective reactions, experienced by future teachers towards refugees in France and Spain. (2) Methods. The investigation was carried out through a cross-sectional survey. There were 851 participants of Spanish and French nationality. (3) Results. The French future teachers showed a lower perception of any threat, and a better predisposition towards the reception of refugees than their Spanish counterparts. Women are those who show a greater recognition of the rights of refugees, and a better predisposition to their integration in Europe. French women feel less of a threat than Spanish women, and are more affective towards refugees. The main predictor of inclusive European citizenship is a low perception of threat related to refugees. (4) Conclusions. Future teachers showed sensitivity towards the accommodation of refugees, but programs that prevent growing xenophobia and discredit towards the European Union are still necessary.
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Buhmann, Cæcilie, Ida Andersen, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Jasmina Ryberg, Merete Nordentoft, and Morten Ekstrøm. "Cognitive behavioral psychotherapeutic treatment at a psychiatric trauma clinic for refugees: description and evaluation." Torture Journal 25, no. 1 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v25i1.109506.
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Introduction: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with trauma focus is the most evidence supported psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD, but few CBT treatments for traumatized refugees have been described in detail.
 Purpose: To describe and evaluate a manualized cognitive behavioral therapy for traumatized refugees incorporating exposure therapy, mindfulness and acceptance, and commitment therapy.
 Material and methods: 85 patients received six months’ treatment at a Copenhagen Trauma Clinic for Refugees and completed self-ratings before and after treatment. The treatment administered to each patient was monitored in detail. The changes in mental state and the treatment components associated with change in state were analyzed statistically.
 Results: Despite the low level of functioning and high co-morbidity of patients, 42% received highly structured CBT, which was positively associated with all treatment outcomes. The more methods used and the more time each method was used, the better the outcome. The majority of patients were able to make homework assignments and this was associated with better treatment outcome. Correlation analysis showed no association between severity of symptoms at baseline and the observed change.
 Conclusion: The study suggests that CBT treatment incorporating mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy is promising for traumatized refugees and punctures the myth that this group of patients are unable to participate fully in structured CBT. However, treatment methods must be adapted to the special needs of refugees and trauma exposure should be further investigated.
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PAL, A. K., and G. P. Samanta. "A Ratio-dependent Eco-epidemiological Model Incorporating a Prey Refuge." Universal Journal of Applied Mathematics 1, no. 2 (2013): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujam.2013.010208.
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K.V, Sankaran, Malini Ganapathy, and Debbita Tan Ai Lin. "EFL Teaching and Learning Practices in the Rohingya Classroom: A Case Study." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 2 (2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.2p.126.
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This study aims to explore the teaching and learning of English in the Rohingya classroom, specifically from teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Originally from Myanmar, hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas were forced to flee the country from mass violence and persecution in search of a new life that would promise them safety, security and basic human rights – conditions that remain elusive to a vast majority of Rohingya refugees. Denied access to free healthcare and education, many Rohingya refugee children attend informal classes in community-run learning centres with the help of UNHCR and local NGOs or in madrasah (the Arabic word for any educational institution), either secular or religious. For this study, a descriptive research design was used and data was collected through a combination of interviews, diary-writing, field notes, questionnaires and in-class observations. The findings revealed that conventional teaching and learning approaches were ineffective in the Rohingya classroom due to the unique composition of students of varying ages, learning abilities and knowledge levels all grouped in one class. It also found peer-learning to be an effective learning tool as the Rohingya children responded well to group activities, interacting actively with and learning from their peers. This study is significant in identifying a need for an English language curriculum incorporating approaches and techniques that teachers can use to create more meaningful teaching and learning activities that can accommodate the diversity and inclusiveness found in the Rohingya classroom.
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KAR, T. K., ABHIJIT GHORAI, and SOOVOOJEET JANA. "DYNAMIC CONSEQUENCES OF PREY REFUGIA IN A TWO-PREDATOR–ONE-PREY SYSTEM." Journal of Biological Systems 21, no. 02 (2013): 1350013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339013500137.
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We consider a two predator and one prey model with Holling type II functional response incorporating a constant prey refuge. Depending upon the constant prey refuge m, which provides a criterion for protecting m of prey from predation, sufficient conditions for stability and global stability of equilibria are obtained. We find the critical value of this refuge parameter m for which the dynamical system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation and then makes use of center manifold theorem and normal form methods to find the direction of the Hopf bifurcation as well as the stability of the resulting limit cycle. The influence of the prey refuge parameter is also investigated at the interior equilibrium. Numerical simulations were carried out to illustrate and support the analytical results.
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Denekos, Sotirios N., Nikitas-Spiros Koutsoukis, Efstathios T. Fakiolas, Ioannis Konstantopoulos, and Nikolaos P. Rachaniotis. "Siting refugee camps in mainland Greece using geographic information systems-based multi-criteria decision-making." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 3 (2021): 457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-02-2020-0009.
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PurposeRefugee camps are not easily welcomed by local communities. The purpose of this paper is to outline a structured approach to support the decision-making process for siting refugee camps in mainland Greece using multiple criteria, including local opposition. A suitability analysis generates a list of potential sites and a multiple criteria evaluation is applied. The motivation is the development of a methodology that can support choices and policies regarding the refugee camps siting problem, incorporating the need to address local opposition.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed methodology combines geographic information systems (GIS) with multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. These are used to develop a location classification and ranking model based on related criteria and subcriteria, attributes and weights. The region of Peloponnese in Greece is selected as a case study to validate the approach.FindingsThe lack of predefined candidate sites for refugee camps necessitates, initially, tackling a site search problem to generate a pool of potential sites through a suitability analysis. Subsequently, using the GIS the pool yields a subset of potential sites, satisfying all the criteria to setup a refugee camp. Through the current analysis the suitability of the single existing refugee camp site in Peloponnese can be evaluated. Finally, a “with and without” analysis, excluding the social criterion, depicts the changes in the candidate sites pool and their scores.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a lack of relevant literature taking into account the local opposition or sociopolitical implications as decision criteria. The selection of the appropriate criteria is a complex process that involves the cooperation of many experts. The main criteria, subcriteria and their attributes were determined according to existing literature and authors' informed judgment.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology can help decision-makers to setup a decision-making system and process for identifying refugee camps' sites using multiple criteria, including local opposition.
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Kavak, Sinem. "Syrian refugees in seasonal agricultural work: a case of adverse incorporation in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 56 (April 21, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2017.1.
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Fekete, Liz. "The Terrorism Act 2000: An Interview with Gareth Peirce." Race & Class 43, no. 2 (2001): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432007.
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In 2000, a new Terrorism Act, incorporating the broadest ever definition of terrorism and giving police and prosecutors freedom to arrest almost anyone involved in some way with refugee solidarity work, was passed. Then, on 29 March 2001, under the first order made under the Act, twenty-one organisations were proscribed through provisions which allow for the banning of organisations which the home secretary believes are involved in terrorism, or promote or encourage terrorism.1 As refugee communities began mobilising against the law, and particularly its Proscribed Organisations Order, Liz Fekete asked the civil rights lawyer Gareth Peirce, who has defended those accused of terrorist offences for over two decades, to examine the historical and political context of this the latest addition to the UK’s anti-terrorist legislation.
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Wu, Yumin, Fengde Chen, Wanlin Chen, and Yuhua Lin. "Dynamic Behaviors of a Nonautonomous Discrete Predator-Prey System Incorporating a Prey Refuge and Holling Type II Functional Response." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/508962.
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A nonautonomous discrete predator-prey system incorporating a prey refuge and Holling type II functional response is studied in this paper. A set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the persistence and global stability of the system are obtained, respectively. Our results show that if refuge is large enough then predator species will be driven to extinction due to the lack of enough food. Two examples together with their numerical simulations show the feasibility of the main results.
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Wei, Fengying, and Qiuyue Fu. "Globally asymptotic stability of a predator–prey model with stage structure incorporating prey refuge." International Journal of Biomathematics 09, no. 04 (2016): 1650058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524516500583.
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This paper focuses on the stabilities of the equilibria to a predator–prey model with stage structure incorporating prey refuge. By analyzing the characteristic functions, we obtain that the equilibria of the model are locally stable when some suitable conditions are being satisfied. According to the comparison theorem and iteration technique, the globally asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium is discussed. And, the sufficient conditions of the global stability to the trivial equilibrium and the boundary equilibrium are derived. The study shows that the prey refuge will enhance the density of the prey species, and it will decrease the density of predator species. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to show the efficiency of our main results.
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Paudel, Ganesh, Shankar Adhikari, and Prabin Bhusal. "Integration of Forest and Climate Change Policies in Nepal." Journal of Forest and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfnrm.v1i1.22647.
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Climate change poses threats to forest ecosystems, forest dependent communities and society as a whole. Incorporation of climate change in forest policy and vice-versa is essential to effectively deal with climate change impacts while managing forest. Review of climate change and forest policies, incorporating forestry and climate change issues has not been substantially discussed and analyzed yet in Nepal. In this paper we aim to review the climate change and forest policies in terms of its content, relevancy and adequacy. We reviewed five forest policies and three climate change related plans and policies regarding integration of forest and climate change issues in respective policies. Our review reveals that forest policies contain notable provisions in regard to the contribution of forestry to climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, new and emerging issues such as climate refugia and invasive species are least concerned in forest policies. Climate change policies also contain provisions for forest management focusing on the mobilization of forest user groups for carrying out adaptation activities at the local level. However, the implementation of both polices seems poor due to lack of legal framework. Therefore, formulation of legal framework for implementation of these policies is essential. Similarly, we suggest both policies need to be revised incorporating the provisions based on scientific findings and field experience.