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1
Weiß, Anja. "Becoming a refugee. A life-course approach to migration under duress." Sociologias 20, no. 49 (December 2018): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/15174522-02004904.
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Abstract This article offers a sociological approach to the ongoing debate about the distinction between refugees and migrants. It adopts a life-course perspective on seeking refuge. Seeking refuge is embedded not only in the legal regimes of refugee protection, but also in other institutional frameworks governing the life-course. Exploring continuities between migrants and refugees allows for a better understanding of whether and under what preconditions the refugee category is applied by administrations and accessed by refugees themselves. With the help of case studies selected strategically from a larger sample of narrative interviews with university educated migrants to Germany, Turkey, and Canada, the article shows how the implementation and administration of the Geneva Refugee Convention in Germany is organized in a manner that often diverges from the empirical reality of fleeing from persecution and lack of protection. On this basis, a broader comparison with migrants in Turkey and Canada who could fall under the Geneva Refugee Convention, but who mostly refrain from claiming asylum, shows that those with better resources and socio-spatial autonomy can, if well informed, find alternative options for gaining protection rather than claiming refugee status. Whether migrants under duress see themselves as refugees and whether they claim asylum does not only result from the persecution they face but also from specificities of legal and administrative frameworks, as well as their position in global structural inequalities and it is related to divergent degrees of socio-spatial autonomy.
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Sehu Mohamad, Zhooriyati, Crendy T. Y. T., Aniq Luqman S. A., Farah U.S., and Eunice D. "Refugees Life in Malaysia: A Review Paper." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1013.
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Refugee crisises have affected nearly every nation in the world. The recent influx of refugees into Malaysia is concerning as the government does not legally acknowledge refugees’ legal status. This brings about several questions regarding their survivability in Malaysia, in addition to whether the existing systems and policies are able to accommodate their needs for healthcare, education, and economic opportunity. Although they may have escaped torture and persecution in their own countries, they would still have to face hardships as a refugee in Malaysia. This paper will discuss the life of refugees in Malaysia from the; health, education, economic status, and social life aspects.
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Potepko, Nadezhda I. "Public Libraries: Participation in the Life of Refugees." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2016-1-1-73-78.
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Libraries throughout the world have a strong history of responding to natural disasters and humanitarian crises providing a welcoming environment, a place of refuge for body and soul, and a source of information. Members of IFLA’s Public Libraries Standing Committee and their colleagues have joined together to collect some examples and stories of the role public libraries are playing in the refugee crisis, particularly in Europe. The resulting document is not meant to be exhaustive but is more of a starting point for shared experience and inspiration and demonstrates the power of libraries to make a difference in people’s lives. Original text see at: Responding! Public Libraries and Refugees (http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/public-libraries/publications/library_service_to_refugees.pdf).
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Schillaci, Rosa Rossella. "SHUKRI, A NEW LIFE." Journal of Anthropological Films 3, no. 02 (October 21, 2019): e2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/jaf.v3i02.2829.
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A glimpse into the realities of life in Europe for thousands of migrants.
Thirty-one-year old Shukri left her four children in Somalia in 2008, walked across North Africa and risked a hazardous raft trip across the Mediterranean to seek a better life in Europe. She is one of thousands of such migrants who attempt the journey each year and although she has been given refugee status in Italy her future still looks bleak. Filmmaker Rossella Schillaci followed Shukri and in the following account describes the realities of her life - and those of thousands of others. In the winter of 2008, over 400 Somali and Sudanese refugees squatted in an abandoned building that had once housed a medical clinic in downtown Turin, northern Italy. The Italian government's indifference towards refugees left them with little alternative. Once refugees are issued a sojourn permit, they are left to fend for themselves, with just a few receiving temporary housing and education. Many rely on Catholic volunteer relief associations for help, but these cannot provide housing and the waiting lists for dormitories seem endless. Many refugees live and sleep on the streets. In larger cities, they squat in old buildings or abandoned factories, enduring overcrowded and grim living conditions often without water or electricity.
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Pérez, Michael. "‘Min Al-Mukhayyam’ (‘From the Camp’)." Anthropology of the Middle East 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2021.160102.
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This article examines the implications of long-term encampment and exile for the meaning of Palestinian identity amongst refugees. It shows how the conditions of Palestinian camps in Jordan function as a key marker of social difference between refugees of the camps and the city. Whereas camp refugees see the hardships of camp life as conditions to be confronted, urban refugees take them as constitutive features of a socially distinct refugee. As I argue, the distinctions between camp and city refugees illustrate how the refugee category and the humanitarian camp exceed the ideology and function of humanitarianism. They demonstrate how, in protracted refugee situations, the refugee label and the historical context of the camp can become socially significant and contested features of identity.
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Ramsay, Georgina. "Humanitarian exploits: Ordinary displacement and the political economy of the global refugee regime." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x19840417.
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Can the displacement of refugees continue to be understood as exceptional? The recent global increase in refugees has prompted calls to develop new solutions to displacement that focus on integrating refugees into the local economies of nations that receive them. Transforming refugees from economic burdens to economic benefits does not, however, resolve displacement: doing so only shifts the project of refugee protection from a supposedly humanitarian imperative to an economic incentive. Examining how political economy intersects with moral economy in the global refugee regime by drawing on fieldwork conducted with refugees in Uganda and Australia, I describe how efforts to incorporate refugees into local economies not only fail to resolve their displacement but serve to exacerbate it, with such ‘humanitarian exploits’ transforming refugees from recipients of humanitarian aid to highly exploitable workers who are, in their words, unable to ‘make a life’. I consider that continuing to analyse refugees as objects of humanitarian intervention rather than actors in a globalised political economy is a way to reproduce the exceptionality of refugee experiences and conceal how their lives are implicated within and indicative of new formations of global capitalism. Not only is the displacement of refugees not exceptional: it is emblematic of an increasingly globalised experience of ordinary displacement through which citizenship and civic rights are stratified by reducing the value of human life to the potential to extract economic productivity.
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Talwasa, Sanaa. "Türkiye’de “Daha İyi Bir Yaşam” Peşinde: Türkiye'deki Afgan Mültecilerin Durumunun İnsan Hakları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi." Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020, no. 11 (November 2020): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.6.11.76.
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Turkey hosts the vast majority, more than four million, of refugees in the world, and Afghans make up the second-largest group of this population. Turkey is considered both a transit, a gate toward European countries, and a destination country for refugees due to its geographical position. Nevertheless, the majority of asylum seekers in Turkey are Syrian who have moved into since 2011. The author claims that Turkey and international refugee supporters prefer Syrian refugees’ legal protection, which causes Afghans to suffer massive violations of basic human rights during their journey to Turkey, after arrival, and while seeking refugee status in Turkey. This paper considers current condition of Afghan asylum seekers’ international human rights in Turkey who are waiting for their final destination toward European countries. Similarly, this paper highlights the possible consequences of current strategies’ application on Afghan refugees’ human rights conditions based on UNHCR's most recent system. The author includes practical recommendations and suggestions for international society as well as Turkey to enhance the human rights condition of refugees, especially Afghans, since this concept requires global cooperation rather than only Turkey’s efforts.
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Koçak, Orhan. "The Effects of Religiosity and Socioeconomic Status on Social Distance towards Refugees and the Serial Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Life and Perceived Threat." Religions 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090737.
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In every society, refugees face social and economic exclusion. In particular, social distance towards refugees may be seen remarkably in cities where host people and refugees live together intensely. This study examined essential predictors of social distance towards refugees: religiosity, socioeconomic status (SES), satisfaction with life, and threat perception towards refugees. A quantitative research strategy was used to collect cross-sectional data from 1453 individuals via an online questionnaire in Turkey. Confirmatory factor, correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted. In this study, the effect of religiosity and socioeconomic status on social distance towards refugees and the serial mediation effects of satisfaction with life and threat perception towards refugees on this relationship were analyzed. Questions related to age, gender, marital status, education level, and having refugee neighbors or not were used as control variables. It was found that religiosity and SES were associated with social distance towards refugees. Furthermore, in the effect of religiosity and SES on social distance towards refugees, the serial mediating roles of satisfaction with life and threat perception towards refugees, respectively, were identified.
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Koca, Burcu Togral. "New Social Movements: “Refugees Welcome UK”." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p96.
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This study addresses the dynamics of new social movements with a special emphasis on the “Refugees Welcome UK” in the light of the Syrian refugee crisis. Since March 2011, over four millions of people have fled civil war in Syria and sought refuge mainly in neighbouring countries, such as Turkey, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon. However, precarious living circumstances and uncertain legal status in these countries have forced hundreds of thousands of Syrians to head for Europe in quest for a better life. The European countries, on the other hand, have adopted restrictive approaches towards Syrian refugees. Among these European countries, the UK has been the most criticized one because of its indifference to the plight of Syrian refugees. Under the leadership of David Cameron, the UK has taken a restrictive stance on accepting Syrian refugees and resisted any solution attempts at the EU level. Contrary to this anti-refugee approach at the state level, there emerged social movements in support of refugees throughout the UK. The most prominent one is the “Refugees Welcome” movement engaging in various strategies, ranging from seeking donation to raising public awareness. Building upon the insights of “New Social Movements” paradigm and using documentary analysis, this article explores the dynamics of this movement, its demands and objectives, social base, organizational structure, mobilization strategies and medium of action and social location. The article seeks to contribute both to the literature on social movements and to the current debate on refugees.
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Pajvancic–Cizelj, Ana. "Camp from within: Life stories of refugees from the Balkan route." Sociologija 60, no. 4 (2018): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1804837p.
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The paper presents selected results of qualitative research conducted in 2017 in refugee camps in Sid by using the observation, life stories and interviews. By relying on authors such as Agier (2011), Turner (2015), Feldman (2015) and Sanyal (2013), we proceed from the idea that refugee camps should be seen just as the places of ?bare life? and biopolitics (Agamben, 2013) but also as spaces in which identities and social relations are actively reproduced and transformed, expressing the subjectivity of refugees. In this way it is possible to identify not only the boundaries, the peculiarities and internal rules of closed institutions such as camps, but also the ways in which they are ?opened up?, challenged, reproduced, multiplied and transformed through refugee practices. This study indicates that refugee camps are a) heterogeneous sites with many physical, social and mental, fluid and relative borders; b) transformative sites where many different, intertwined regimes are transformed through refugee practices and c) sites of social transition where refugees reconstruct their lost identities and social relationships.
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Dwinantoaji, Hastoro, Mami Nojima, and Nlandu Roger Ngatu. "HEALTH AND FAMILY SUPPORT ISSUES OF WOMEN REFUGEES AND RELATED NURSING INTERVENTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v2i1.55.
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Aim: Migration has become one of global human security issues of the 21st century. Women refugees face a unique set of problems and their health is often compromised. The aim of this study was to describe health and family support issues encountered by women refugees in refugee setting and related nursing interventions.
Methods: A literature review was performed using Academic Search Premier, CINAHL and Medline databases, and the following keywords were used separately and in combination to retrieve related abstracts and articles: `women refugees`, `health`, `nursing`. Only original articles from qualitative studies published in English and focusing on women’s health and family support in the refugee setting were selected for the review.
Results: Three major themes related to women refugees’ health issues were identified: `Culture sensitivity`, `Seeking life balance` and `Gender-based violence`. In addition, nine major themes related to family support were found: `Family reunion (difficulty to emigrate)`, `Changes in family’s connections and roles`, `Unsatisfactory family life`, `Discrimination and contempt by community`, `Health problems in children`, `Mental health problems in family member`, `Adjustment and adaptation of life pattern in a new country`, `Family time and togetherness` and `Concern about forgetting one’s homeland`. On the other hand, we identified 11 major themes related to nursing interventions implemented for women refugees.
Conclusion: Disaster nurses have important role to protect and promote human security among women refugees. Future studies should determine how disaster nurses can efficiently promote human security for women in refugee setting.
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Deramo, Michele C. "How KANERE Free Press Resists Biopower." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40385.
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How does a free press resist state biopower? This article studies the development and dissemination of KANERE Free Press, a refugee-run news source operating in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, that was founded to create “a more open society in refugee camps and to develop a platform for fair public debate on refugee affairs” (KANERE Vision Statement). The analysis of KANERE and its impact on the political subjectivity of refugees living in Kakuma is framed by Foucault’s theory of biopower, the state-sanctioned right to “make live or let die” in its management of human populations. The author demonstrates the force relations between KANERE, its host country of Kenya, and the UNHCR through two ongoing stories covered by KANERE: the broad rejection of the MixMe nutritional supplement and the expressed disdain for the camp’s World Refugees Day celebration. Using ethnographic and decolonizing methodologies, the author privileges the voices and perspectives of the KANERE editors and the Kakuma residents they interviewed in order to provide a ground-level view of refugee’s lived experiences in Kakuma. As KANERE records refugees’ experiences of life in the camp, they construct a narrative community that is simultaneously produced by and resistant to the regulations and control of camp administration and state sovereignty. In doing so, KANERE creates a transgressive space that reaches beyond the confines of the camp.
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ter Heide, F. Jackie June, and Geert E. Smid. "Difficult to treat? a comparison of the effectiveness of treatment as usual in refugees and non-refugees." BJPsych Bulletin 39, no. 4 (August 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.047928.
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Aims and methodTo examine treatment response in traumatised refugees, we compared routine outcome monitoring data (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) of two refugee populations with those of individuals experiencing profession-related trauma who were treated at a specialised psychotrauma institute.ResultsAsylum seekers/temporary refugees (n = 21) and resettled refugees (n = 169) showed significantly lower post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction between intake and 1 year after intake than did a comparison group of non-refugees (n = 37), but the interaction effect was clinically small (partial η2 = 0.03). Refugees who had more severe symptoms at intake showed significantly greater symptom reduction after 1 year.Clinical implicationsTherapists and refugee patients should have realistic expectations about response to treatment as usual. Additional treatment focusing on improving quality of life may be needed for refugees whose PTSD symptom severity remains high. At the same time, novel approaches may be developed to boost treatment response in refugee patients with low responsiveness.
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Mirzaei, Siroos, Hubert K. Zajicek, and Peter Knoll. "The life of refugees." Lancet 358, no. 9287 (September 2001): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06218-3.
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Butler, Colin. "The life of refugees." Lancet 358, no. 9287 (September 2001): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06219-5.
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Marume, Anesu, James January, and Julita Maradzika. "Social capital, health-seeking behavior and quality of life among refugees in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2017-0017.
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Purpose Social capital is an essential determinant of health that contributes significantly to quality of life. Social capital has potential of improving the health and well-being of refugees. Refugees in Zimbabwe are confined to an isolation camp making social networks a necessity for survival and psychosocial support. The purpose of this paper is to identify if social capital has effects on wellness and well-being (quality of life) of individuals in a confined setting such as a refugee camp. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tongogara Refugee Camp, Zimbabwe. The World Bank Integrated Questionnaire on Social Capital was adjusted to develop data collection tools. The parameters of social capital, economic, social and cultural capital, were used as the framework of study. Findings A total of 164 respondents were interviewed (62.8 percent females). A total of 98 percent were affiliated to a religious group and 30 percent of the interviewees stated that at least one member of their household was on social media. Only 18 percent communicated with people in their home country and 75 percent used social media to create new links. Practical implications The various opportunities for psychosocial support that exist within refugee populations can be used to formulate interventions aimed at improving health and quality of life of refugees. Originality/value This paper offers insight into the effects of social capital on refugee health and quality of life among refugees in Zimbabwe.
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Mithun, Mahanam Bhattacharjee, and Ahamedul Arefin. "Minorities among Minorities: The Case of Hindu Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10020.
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Abstract The Rohingya community in Myanmar has been the subject of persecution and violent attacks that have forced them to flee the country and to take refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh several times in history. The latest wave of conflict-led displacement in August 2017 forced nearly a million Rohingya ethnic minorities to take refuge in Bangladesh. However, this time, a small number of Hindu Rohingya refugees also arrived in the refugee camps of Bangladesh. As they are small in number and considered insignificant by the international community, the attention on them has long been minimal. This study constitutes an exploratory research endeavour using qualitative research methodologies. It aims to reveal the main reasons behind their exodus, migration journey and refugee life in Bangladesh.
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Lee, Sang Kook. "The State, Ethnic Community, and Refugee Resettlement in Japan." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 8 (May 23, 2018): 1219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618777277.
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Using the case of Karen refugees in Japan, this paper examines how a state-driven refugee resettlement policy resulted in refugees suffering under difficult conditions and how, in turn, this drove the existing ethnic community to become an active player in assisting resettled refugees to adapt, in contest with the state. Japan was the first Asian country to initiate a refugee resettlement program in 2010. However, the government failed to consult with other stakeholders, notably the ethnic community, causing difficulties for the refugees in adapting to their new life. In helping resolving this crisis, the Karen community emerged as a legitimate actor in the governance of these refugees. The current study highlights the contest between the state and ethnic communities over resettlement programs and contributes to the understanding of the structural formation that influences refugees in the early stage of resettlement.
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Masuku, Sikanyiso, and Sharmla Rama. "Challenges to Refugees’ Socioeconomic Inclusion: A Lens Through the Experiences of Congolese Refugees in South Africa." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 1 (June 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20913713.
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In antithesis to the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (socioeconomic inclusion for all) and a relatively progressive refugee policy framework (Refugee Act 130 of 1998), refugees in South Africa continue to face targeted exclusion and reduced living potentials. Impediments to refugee groups ability to ‘thrive and not just survive’ (as called for in the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees), are examined in this paper through a synopsis of the conditions surrounding their access to legal documents (a conduit to socioeconomic rights), their equitable participation/inclusion within the formal labour markets, financial sectors etc. In examining these issues, a case-study-based interpretive research design technique with eight FGD participants and two life history participants (drawn from Congolese refugees’ residing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) was done. Several conceptual frameworks as well as a single principal theory (Murphy’s theory of monopolization) were utilized so as to fully examine forced migrant groups socioeconomic participation/inclusion in South Africa. This articles findings revealed that primary cultural, as well as structural agentive processes of obstruction significantly inhibit refugee groups full socioeconomic participating in the life of their host communities. The said obstructions included but were not confined to: adverse forms of incorporation, opportunity hoarding, as well as the normative unobtainability of social, cultural, and symbolic forms of capital.
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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Refugee Women in Serbia – Invisible Victims of War in the Former Yugoslavia." Feminist Review 73, no. 1 (April 2003): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400078.
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In this paper, I explore the experiences of women who found refuge in Serbia during the war in the former Yugoslavia. I look at the women's experiences of both leaving home and coping with everyday life in refuge. The exploration of refugee women's experiences is mainly based on analyses of their own stories, which I collected while researching women and war. In spite of all the hardship of their lives, refugee women who fled to Serbia have been treated by Western media, the public and aid organizations as ‘UNPEOPLE’ or as non-existent. Making their experiences visible as women, refugees and citizens is the main purpose of this article.
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Chan, Kwok B., and David Loveridge. "Refugees ‘in Transit’: Vietnamese in a Refugee Camp in Hong Kong." International Migration Review 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100316.
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Drawing upon data from field work in a refugee transit camp in Hong Kong, this article attempts to focus on one phase of the refugee experience often overlooked by refugee research scholars and governments charged with the task of refugee resettlement: the phase between flight from persecution and resettlement. The article examines the relationship between culture shock, conditions of life and culture in refugee transit camps, and the emotional and psychological life of the refugees. Implications of the study's data for refugee resettlement are also formulated.
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Yankey, Tsering, and Urmi Nanda Biswas. "Impact of life skills training on psychosocial well-being of Tibetan refugee adolescents." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2017-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training (LST) to promote psychosocial well-being of Tibetan refugee adolescents in India. Design/methodology/approach A total of 300 students having low coping strategies, self-confidence and emotional intelligence (EI) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=150) and control group (n=150). LST consisting of ten core skills was implemented on the experimental group. Findings ANCOVA and regression analysis revealed that LST was effective in enhancing coping strategies, self-confidence and EI among Tibetan refugee adolescents. Research limitations/implications This study was quantitative in its statistical design and approach. Further research combined with qualitative tools must be explored to gain deeper insight into the personal journey of these young refugees and to corroborate the impact of LST on their psychosocial well-being. Practical implications Results from this study will help to integrate LST into regular school curriculum, thereby ensuring its implementation on a daily basis. Originality/value Previous studies on Tibetan refugees have focused on physical and mental hardships experienced by them. There is limited research on strategies adopted to address the needs of these young refugees after migration. This is the first school-based intervention study that tailored the WHO recommended ten core skills to suit the social and cultural contexts of these young refugees and equip them with psychosocial skills to increase their capacity to cope with the complexity of migration.
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Lamb, Nicole, and Gerhard Hoffstaedter. "‘We walk, we laugh, we dance’: refugee experiences of older Chin women in Kuala Lumpur." Ageing and Society 40, no. 5 (November 13, 2018): 1021–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001502.
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AbstractOlder persons are among the most vulnerable of refugees seeking protection in Malaysia, yet seldom are they the focus of the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, local charities or non-government organisations. In-depth ethnographic research with a group of older Chin women in Kuala Lumpur demonstrates both the vulnerability and resilience of older refugees in urban environments. Older refugees play a crucial role in sustaining families and communities. They provide much-needed support to refugee communities who struggle to meet the needs of everyday life in the absence of protection protocols.
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MITTON, LAVINIA. "The Newly-Recognised Refugees Most at Risk of Homelessness in England." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727941900093x.
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AbstractThe contribution of this paper is to analyse statistical data to assess whether homelessness among people who have recently been granted refugee status in England is concentrated amongst particular groups of these refugees. The methodology was quantitative analysis using logistic regression of the Home Office’s Survey of New Refugees (SNR), which they carried out in 2005-7. We tested the relative role played by pre-migration demographic factors, post-migration life experience factors, and government immigration policy in accounting for patterns found, and drew on literature to interpret the meaning of our statistical results. Our analysis clearly suggests that refugee and asylum policy contribute to homelessness among newly-recognised refugees. This interpretation is supported by the qualitative evidence from services providing assistance to refugees, and evidence put to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Refugees (2017). Action to address the housing problems of refugees moving on from accommodation provided for asylum seekers should be considered a high policy priority, albeit that associations between homelessness, household size, and age also present intervention opportunities.
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Nassar, Issam. "Photography and the Oppressed: On Photographing the Palestinian Refugees." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 8, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22130624-00801005.
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This essay examines photography of the Palestinian refugees by the staff photographers of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, unrwa. It attempts to find ways through which a reading of the reality of refugee life can be unearthed from the images that initially were intended to document the work of the aid agency rather than the lives of the refugees.
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Stark, Marcella D., Brandy P. Quinn, Katharine A. Hennessey, Amanda A. Rutledge, Allison K. Hunter, and Paola K. Gordillo. "Examining Resiliency in Adolescent Refugees Through the Tree of Life Activity." Journal of Youth Development 14, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2019.692.
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Grounded in both resiliency science and positive youth development, the research team set out to understand the strengths and resources of adolescent refugees living in northeast Texas. In coordination with a local refugee services agency, members of the research team conducted the Tree of Life activity with 16 participants ranging in age from 13 to 20 years. Identifying 16 codes in the qualitative analyses of participants’ drawings, they organized these codes into 3 themes: self-efficacy, values, and relationships. The authors recommend the use of Tree of Life and other creative arts activities to facilitate the discovery of strengths and resources in adolescent refugees, by which they may progress beyond survival of adversity to resiliency and thriving.
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De Vries, Jolanda, and Guus L. Van Heck. "Quality of Life and Refugees." International Journal of Mental Health 23, no. 3 (September 1994): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.1994.11449287.
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Zaharijevic, Adriana. "We refugees: An unlivable life." Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 65, no. 3 (2017): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei1703513z.
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Haines, David W. "Binding the Generations: Household Formation Patterns among Vietnamese Refugees." International Migration Review 36, no. 4 (December 2002): 1194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00123.x.
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Much of the analysis of refugee and immigrant adaptation has stressed the interaction of prior experience with the requirements of life in a new country. For refugees, that interaction has often been jarring because of the after-effects of their flight and their relative inability to prepare for a new life in a new country. Yet refugees have often done rather well in economic terms in that new country. The reasons for that relative success have been phrased in cultural terms {e.g., the predisposition toward education) and in general socioeconomic terms (e.g., refugees as educated and skilled). This article examines a set of factors that lie between these customary cultural and socioeconomic categories. Specifically, the paper examines key features of household formation among Vietnamese refugees. An examination of historical data from southern Vietnam indicates patterns in household formation that appear durable over time yet are not shared across the breadth of Vietnam and cannot thus be viewed as “cultural” in the usual sense. A comparison of the historical data with recent national survey data on refugees in the United States indicates that these patterns continue among Vietnamese refugees and are - as compared to other refugees - distinctive to them. These patterns of household formation provide Vietnamese refugees with important options in adaptation to a new country.
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Zubair, Muhammad, Muhammad Aqeel Khan, and Muzamil Shah. "The Principle of non- Refoulement and its Role in the Protection of Refugees." Global Regional Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-ii).51.
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The protection available to refugees under the principle of non-refoulement is a well-established rule of the customary international law; which means that they can’t be shiftedagainst their well to their country where their life is at risk. A person who avails the protection of the principle of non-refoulement and other protections guaranteed under the international refugee instruments is considered a refugee. This principle is well established both under the Refugee Convention 1951 and Convention against Torture (CAT) 1984. This research revolves around the question that if a country is not a signatory to any refugee related instrument at international level nor has any domestic law related to refugees, sothen what precludes such a nation from expelling a person or group of persons from their territory? The paper explores the various protections available to refugees in general and under the principle of non-refoulement in particular.
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Zubair, Muhammad, Muhammad Aqeel Khan, and Muzamil Shah. "The Principle of non- Refoulement and its Role in the Protection of Refugees." Global Regional Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2019): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iii).50.
Full textAbstract:
The protection available to refugees under the principle of non-refoulement is a well-established rule of the customary international law; which means that they can’t be shiftedagainst their well to their country where their life is at risk. A person who avails the protection of the principle of non-refoulement and other protections guaranteed under the international refugee instruments is considered a refugee. This principle is well established both under the Refugee Convention 1951 and Convention against Torture (CAT) 1984. This research revolves around the question that if a country is not a signatory to any refugee related instrument at international level nor has any domestic law related to refugees, sothen what precludes such a nation from expelling a person or group of persons from their territory? The paper explores the various protections available to refugees in general and under the principle of non-refoulement in particular.
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Tzoraki, Ourania. "A Descriptive Study of the Schooling and Higher Education Reforms in Response to the Refugees’ Influx into Greece." Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030072.
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Since 2015, a large number of migrants (refugees and asylum seekers) from the Middle East, Asia, and Africa have arrived in Greece and continued their onward journey to western European countries where they settled. As various European Union (EU) countries have later blocked the flow of migrants from Greece to their final destination, thousands of them have been trapped in Greece, confined in overcrowded, temporary camps (known as “hot spots”) and awaiting the processing of their asylum application. The current article examines the response of the Greek educational institutes (primary, secondary and tertiary levels) to the recent migrant influx, with ultimate goals to integrate, educate, and assist them. The number of refugees and asylum seekers living in Greece is estimated to be 58,000 (2018 data) with 22,500 children among them. Their schooling inclusion follows the plan 111, “Refugee Education Host Structures (REHSs)”, as initiated by the Greek Ministry of Education in 2017. Students’ leakage range is still high (10–40% at elementary school and 45–56% at high School). The disruption in their life results in the lack of regular attendance. Greek universities responded to the challenge of the refugee influx, especially the University of the Aegean (UAeg), which is located on the eastern Mediterranean migration route. The UAeg’s response plan focuses on four areas: (a) to provide education to refugees; (b) to conduct research on the refugee phenomenon and migration processes; (c) to increase local citizens’ awareness and improve social inclusion toward the migrants; and (d) to develop technologies to improve daily life in the refugee camps. These actions are significant toward the social inclusion and cohesion of refugees and the further improvement of their daily life.
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Wong, Carrie K., Carolynne White, Bwe Thay, and Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante. "Living a Healthy Life in Australia: Exploring Influences on Health for Refugees from Myanmar." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010121.
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Background: Humanitarian migrants from Myanmar represent a significant refugee group in Australia; however, knowledge of their health needs and priorities is limited. This study aims to explore the meaning and influencers of health from the perspectives of refugees from Myanmar. Method: Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design, a partnership was formed between the researchers, Myanmar community leaders and other service providers to inform study design. A total of 27 participants were recruited from a government-funded English language program. Data were collected using a short demographic survey and four focus groups, and were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis methods. Results: Key themes identified included: (1) health according to the perspectives of Australian settled refugees from Myanmar, (2) social connections and what it means to be part of community, (3) work as a key influence on health, and (4) education and its links with work and health. Conclusions: This study outlined the inter-relationships between health, social connections, work and education from the perspectives of refugees from Myanmar. It also outlined how people from Myanmar who are of a refugee background possess strengths that can be used to manage the various health challenges they face in their new environment.
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Nouri, Selma. "Effects of conflict, displacement, and migration on the health of refugee and conflict-stricken populations in the Middle East." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i3.18590.
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<p dir="ltr">The global refugee crisis has reached an all-time high, with over 68 million innocent people forced to flee their homes due to violence, famine, governmental instability, or genocide. As a result of the struggles and traumas encountered by war and migration, millions of refugees suffer from acute and life-threatening physical and mental health illnesses. However, these diseases and internal-battles are often overlooked, leaving most conflict-stricken countries and refugee camps ill-equipped and unable to cope. Rather than settling into more humane and healthy living conditions, upon migration, most refugees are faced with realities that deny them <br /> a dignified and fulfilling life. More often than not, refugee camps and host countries accommodate a deplorable lifestyle that provides minimal and inadequate health-care, extreme and life-threatening poverty, and inhumane and unsanitary living conditions-exasperating the rate and risk of morbidity and mortality amongst refugee populations. This research paper aims to analyze the harsh conditions that refugees and conflict-stricken populations are currently forced to endure, as well as the effects of those conditions on the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases, <br /> the development and growth of neonatal disorders, and the overall rise in mental illness. The paper also aims to suggest specific measures that can be taken in order to prevent the increase in morbidity and mortality rates amongst vulnerable refugee populations and recommend steps that international bodies and non-governmental organizations can take in order to solve the refugee health crisis.</p>
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Kostic, Miomira, and Radmila Djordjevic. "Workshops with refugees: Special experiences from the work with elderly people." Temida 8, no. 1 (2005): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0501043k.
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The authors explain the phenomenon of refuge as a form of experience which differentiate refugees from indigenous population. They explore changes in number and geographical distribution of refugees in Serbia and Montenegro. Also, the method of work and goals of the humanitarian organization "Hi Neighbor" are elaborated. The paper is focused on the workshops with elderly people. One of the workshop activities is drawing on the topic "My personal space". In the pictures drawn by refugees the readiness for establishment of "life line", interrupted "somewhere", by the war and refuge, is pronounced.
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Arega, Natnael Terefe. "The plights of Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp, Ethiopia." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2016-0007.
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Purpose Thousands of Eritrean youth flee due to extreme domestic discontent with Eritrean Government. Little research has been done on Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the difficulties facing Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp in northern Ethiopia. The study explores the refugees’ pre-migration experiences as well as their life difficulties in the refugee camp. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative approach. Relevant data were collected through personal interviews with a sample of 15 refugees. The study was also supplemented by the researcher’s personal observations regarding the living conditions of the refugees in the camp. Findings Gross human rights violations at home forced the Eritreans to flee in to Ethiopia. Refugees reported their experiences of arrest, torture, and abuse, due to their dissenting political and religious opinions. Moreover, they fled Eritrea to escape harsh compulsory conscription into the Eritrean military service. Unemployment and lack of income were also important push factors. Factors identified as threats to the psychosocial health of refugees at the refugee camp include the feeling of isolation, the absolute uncertainty of the future, fears concerning the safety of the family left behind, the strictness of the structure within the camp, and the fear of health-related problems associated with the limited health care facilities. Research limitations/implications Further research investigating the mental health problems of the refugees employing quantitative methods is needed. Also, research about the potential avenues for ameliorating the challenges faced by these refugees is desirable. Originality/value This paper gives an insight to the situation of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia, which includes the reasons why they flee Eritrea, their experiences during flight, and the conditions in which Eritrean refugees live in the camp from the point of view of the refugees themselves. Understanding the challenges facing the refugees has implications for how short- and long-term policies can be altered to better serve them.
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Kiruthu, Felix. "The Role of Windle Trust Kenya in Promotion of Education in Dadaab Camp, Kenya." Msingi Journal 4, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/mj.v4i1.178.
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Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous contribution to the development of a society. It is, however, very challenging to provide quality education to communities afflicted by conflict, particularly refugees. The study examined the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the provision of education in conflicted societies. Specifically, the study analysed the role played by Windle Trust-Kenya in the provision of education among the refugees’ communities in Dadaab refugee Camps in Kenya. The study interrogated not only the strategies used by the Organization to promote education among the refugees, but also the challenges encountered in the provision of education in the specific refugee camps in Dadaab. The study employed a descriptive research design in order to probe into the efforts of the Organization towards supporting refugee education. Programme managers who have worked for Windle Trust Kenya, teachers employed by the Organization in Dadaab and academics who have served in Dadaab Refugee camp were interviewed using an interview schedule. Document analysis was also conducted from the different humanitarian organizations operating in Dadaab and from Kenyatta University Post Modern Library. These included journals, theses and text books. The research established that Windle Trust-Kenya has supported not only secondary and primary education in Dadaab but also tertiary education, through collaboration with different universities. Girls were found to be experiencing more challenges in pursuing education due to gender based violence and cultural beliefs among most of the refugees. Conclusively, the study established that education to refugees benefit both refugees and the host community as refugees who excel in education also give back to the host community
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Nakueira, Sophie. "The Politics of Accusation amidst Conditions of Precarity in the Nakivale Resettlement Camp." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 37, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370204.
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Nakivale, the oldest refugee camp in Uganda, hosts refugees fleeing various forms of political unrest from several African countries. Uganda’s humanitarian framework makes it an attractive place for refugees. Little is known about the role that humanitarian policies play in shaping interactions between different actors or the politics of accusation that emerges within this settlement. In a context in which the status of a refugee can confer preferential access to scarce resources, different refugee communities struggle to define themselves, their neighbours and kin in terms of the camp’s humanitarian language. Describing the everyday anxieties that define life in the camp, this article shows how accusations become powerful resources that refugees draw upon to meet the criteria for resettlement to a third country, but also how these forms of humanitarian assistance rely on processes of exclusion that create endemic accusations of corruption, criminality and even witchcraft.
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Doumit, Rita, Chant Kazandjian, and Lisa K. Militello. "COPE for Adolescent Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: A Brief Cognitive–Behavioral Skill-Building Intervention to Improve Quality of Life and Promote Positive Mental Health." Clinical Nursing Research 29, no. 4 (November 26, 2018): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773818808114.
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Lebanon has the highest per-capita concentration of refugees worldwide. There is an urgent need to offer psychosocial interventions to vulnerable groups such as Syrian refugee adolescents. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a cognitive–behavioral intervention (Creating Opportunities for Patient Empowerment [COPE]) on depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of adolescent refugees (13-17 years) living in Lebanon. A preexperimental study design was used. COPE 7-Session was delivered to 31 adolescent Syrian refugees. Participants were assessed for depression (Personal Health Questionnaire–9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders Scale), and QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Feasibility and acceptability findings indicated that the COPE program was a positive experience for teens. Significant decreases in depression and anxiety, and increases in QOL were also reported. COPE is an effective cognitive–behavioral intervention that can be delivered in an Arabic/Middle-Eastern setting for teen refugees to improve mental health and QOL.
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Müller, Tanja R. "Universal Rights versus Exclusionary Politics: Aspirations and Despair among Eritrean Refugees in Tel Aviv." Africa Spectrum 50, no. 3 (December 2015): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971505000301.
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By investigating contemporary refugees, this paper analyses the contradictory dynamics of a global order whereby universal rights are distributed unequally through nation-state politics. It uses an ethnographic case study of Eritrean refugees in Tel Aviv as its empirical base in order to investigate refugeeness as a condition of everyday life. The paper demonstrates how a repressive environment within Eritrea has made people refugees, and how that condition is being reinforced by the Israeli government's refusal to recognise these refugees as such. It further interrogates the relationship between persecution and belonging that characterises the lives of Eritreans as refugees in Israel. The paper concludes by arguing that being a refugee does not preclude feeling a strong sense of national belonging. Eritrean refugees in Tel Aviv do not aspire to gain cosmopolitan citizenship rights but are driven by the desire to be rightful citizens of Eritrea.
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Knappe, Florian, Flora Colledge, and Markus Gerber. "Impact of an 8-Week Exercise and Sport Intervention on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Mental Health, and Physical Fitness among Male Refugees Living in a Greek Refugee Camp." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203904.
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Objective: To explore the potential impact of exercise and sport training on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, quality of life, pain, and fitness in male refugees living in a Greek refugee camp. Methods: This investigation was designed as a one group pre-test/post-test study. A total of 45 refugees (Mage = 25.6) participated in the data assessment. All participants were invited to engage in an 8-week exercise and sport intervention. Data were analysed with hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Baseline scores significantly predicted post-intervention scores across all study variables. Regression analyses showed that a higher participation rate predicted fewer anxiety symptoms, better health-related quality of life, higher self-perceived fitness, higher handgrip strength, and better cardiovascular fitness at post-intervention. A non-significant trend was also found for PTSD and depressive symptoms, showing that a higher participation rate was associated with fewer complaints at post-intervention. Conclusions: Among male refugees living in precarious conditions in a Greek refugee camp, frequency of participation in an 8-week exercise and sport training program seemed to have the potential to positively impact refugees’ health. Due to the pre-experimental study design, our results must be interpreted with caution.
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Kuttikat, Miriam, Anita Vaillancourt, and Michael Massey. "Battered but bold: Sri Lankan Tamil refugee war experiences, camp challenges and resilience." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2017-0013.
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Purpose The civil war prompted many Tamils to flee Sri Lanka as refugees. Several researchers have documented psychological distress and trauma among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, but the literature lacks sufficient discussion of resilience among this population. Although Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have experienced conflict and loss, they have also demonstrated positive adaptation following these challenges. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present study used an ecological approach, in which the effect of the environment on a person is regarded as significant, to explore resilience among Sri Lankan Tamils living in refugee camps in India. Findings Through a qualitative investigation of refugee experiences of war and camp life, the authors developed a conceptual framework for understanding individual and collective resilience among refugees. Research limitations/implications Additionally, the results of this study need to be interpreted with caution because participants were camp refugees, which may limit the applicability of these results with refugees who live in different settings. Practical implications The current research results show that intervention programs should have multiple components, including trauma intervention to address the individual and community psychological and psychiatric effects of war and migration experiences and psychosocial interventions to address individual, family, community dynamics and daily stressors. Social implications The study participants stated that Sri Lankan Tamil refugees are using their resilience traits including will power, positive talk, practical solutions, social support, religion and social networks to remake their broken souls. Originality/value Future studies need to be conducted with other refugee group to validate the findings of the paper.
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El Jack, Amani. "“Education Is My Mother and Father”: The “Invisible” Women of Sudan." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 27, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34719.
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Education plays a significant role in informing the way people develop gender values, identities, relationships, and stereotypes. The education of refugees, however, takes place in multiple and diverse settings. Drawing on a decade of field research in Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, and North America, I examine the promises and challenges of education for refugees and argue that southern Sudanese refugee women and girls experience gendered and unequal access to education in protracted refugee sites such as the Kakuma refugee camp, as well as in resettled destinations such as Massachusetts. Many of these refugees, who are commonly referred to as the “lost boys and girls,” did not experience schooling in the context of a stable family life; that is why they often reiterate the Sudanese proverb, “Education is my mother and father.” I argue that tertiary education is crucial because it promotes self-reliance. It enables refugees, particularly women, to gain knowledge, voice, and skills which will give them access to better employment opportunities and earnings and thus enhance their equality and independence. Indeed, education provides a context within which to understand and make visible the changing nature of gender relationships of power.
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Madi, Farah, Hussein Ismail, Fouad M. Fouad, Hala Kerbage, Shahaduz Zaman, Janaka Jayawickrama, and Abla M. Sibai. "Death, Dying, and End-of-Life Experiences Among Refugees: A Scoping Review." Journal of Palliative Care 34, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0825859718812770.
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Background: The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the global literature on death, dying, and end-of-life experiences among refugees. The study aims at identifying gaps in the literature produced on the topic and informs areas for future research in the field. Methods: We included articles that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Population: Refugees and/or internally or externally displaced individuals due to wars, conflicts, nonnatural disasters, or emergencies; (2) Setting: End-of-life phase, dying, and death that took place following the refuge or displacement and reported after the year 1980; and (3) Study Design: All types of studies including but not limited to primary studies, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, news, editorials, commentaries, opinion pieces, technical reports, and policy briefs. A systematic search of the following electronic databases: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and JSTOR yielded 11 153 records. The search of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees database Refworld retrieved an additional 7510 records. Results: Seven articles met our inclusion criteria. All articles were coauthored by scholars in universities/research institutes in high-income countries, and except for one, all were conducted in the country of the final settlement of refugees. One article adopted a qualitative approach, another article adopted a mixed-methods approach, one was a narrative review, and 4 articles were reviews of the literature. Three articles discussed access to medical/palliative care among older refugees, and 3 others addressed bereavement and death arrangements. Moreover, one article examined how transmigration and previous experiences from 2 cultural settings in home countries affect the contemplation of death and dying. Implications: Research on end-of-life experiences among refugees is sorely lacking. This study raises awareness of the need for empirical data on end-of-life challenges and palliative care among refugees, thus equipping humanitarian agencies with a more explicit and culturally sensitive lens targeting those with life-limiting conditions.
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Aggergaard Larsen, John. "Holdninger til de fremmede - forestillingen om bosniske flygtninge i den danske offentlighed." Dansk Sociologi 9, no. 1 (February 10, 1998): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v9i1.756.
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The image of Bosnian war refugees in the Danish public
This article discusses sociological inve¬stigations of attitudes towards immi¬grants and refugees in Denmark. In¬stead of viewing attitudes as an attribu¬te of individual psychology or as deter¬mined by social class, the article sug¬gests examining the context of varying understandings and imaginations which set the frame for the meaningful presentation of a concrete event.
This approach is exemplified by a study of the reception of refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Denmark ba¬sed on articles from the Danish press from May 1992 to January 1995. These articles indicate that different attitudes towards refugees can be connected to representations based on different nar¬rative imaginations and collective me¬mories as well as other themes of cur¬rent interest in the public. These con¬texts have set different meaningful fra¬mes for understanding refugees and thereby influenced attitudes towards this group in the Danish public.
In summer 1992, before the arrival of larger groups of refugees, there was a positive attitude towards them in the press. There was general indignation to¬wards the war in Europe and a wide¬spread willingness to help the people suffering from ethnic persecution and cleansing. There were explicit referen¬ces to World War II which were unambi¬guously supportive of a positive attitu¬de toward these refugees.
By the autumn of the same year the¬re was a drift towards a more negative attitude. Episodes of thefts in the regi¬ons where refugee centres were located resulted in demands that criminal refu¬gees from the former Eastern Europe (the Baltic and exYugoslavia) be expel¬led. There were also reports from Ger¬many that neoNazis set fire to refugee camps, and this produced concern that the many foreigners in Denmark would provoke „German conditions“ with eth¬nic and racist problems. Many Danish neighbours to these refugee centres we¬re surprised to see refugees from war torn Yugoslavia arriving wellfed and in new clothing. These refugees didn’t fit the image of suffering which had been the basis for the unambiguous support the preceding summer. These people didn’t appear to be „real“ refugees.
The many media reports about the war in Bosnia helped create an understanding that refugees have a reason for being Denmark and that Denmark has an obligation to help. The referen¬ces to ethnic persecution during World War II have been superseded by an un¬der¬standing that the new refugees have es¬caped from a life that was similar to the Danish. „They are like us“ is a sen¬tence that becomes more common in the media, and an understanding that the Bos¬nian war refugees have been forced to leave a life style similar to the Danish one emerge „it could have been us“. This is the basis for development of a public understanding of the Bosnian re¬fugees as a new type of „real“ refugees.
The positive attitudes that have de¬veloped towards the predominantly Muslim refugees from Bosnia point to the possibility that the widespread anta¬gonism in the Danish public towards immigrants with a Muslim background is not due to the religion itself, but rather the traditionalistic and nonmodern way of life that this religious affiliation symbolizes for many Danes.
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Subkhi, Syukron, and Harmiyati Harmiyati. "PERAN UNHCR (UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES) DALAM MENANGANI MASALAH PENGUNGSI SURIAH DI YUNANI (2014 – 2019)." Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v24i1.5027.
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The internal conflict in Syria took place since March 23, 2011. The anti-government period held a large demonstration in Daraa, Syria. This demonstration started the internal conflict between the Syrian Government and the opposition. The opposition group is a community movement demanding the resignation of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The role of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) is needed to provide protection, and effective long-term solutions for Syrian refugees in Greece. Greece is the only gateway for Syrian refugees to enter European territory, after the Balkan countries and several other European countries shut down to accept refugees. Based on this background, this research found one problem formulation, namely how the role of UNHCR in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece. In general, UNHCR has played a role in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece, UNHCR carried out its role as; Instrument, by enforcing the 1951 UN Convention on refugees to member states; Arena, organizes various meetings and conferences to solve refugee problems; and Independent Actors namely meeting basic needs, clothing, food and shelter as well as refugee supervision. The role of UNHCR which can be seen to be very significant in overcoming the problem of Syrian refugees in Greece is as an independent actor which from the year of UNHCR's involvement directly in the field, provided an increase in the quality of life for Syrian refugees. While the UNHCR's obstacle was in upholding UNHCR member countries' compliance with the 1951 UN Convention.
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Saitov, Timur. "Constructing a Refugee Through Producing a Refugee Space: Russian Migrants in Occupied Istanbul (1919–22)." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00047_1.
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Migration is a natural tendency of human society. Solidification of the modern nation-state led to the regularized protection of states’ borders and territory and reduced the ability of migrants to negotiate their integration into a host society. The political and economic turmoil of the era following the First World War exacerbated the problematic relationships between the nation-state and migrants. Many migrants were excluded from the normal territorial and legal space of post-war global society and were categorized under a new political label as refugees. With the example of Russian Civil War (1918-21) refugees in Istanbul, the article investigates the process of constructing a refugee identity among these people. This included producing a refugee space, which was accomplished through imagining space as a resource, reimagining the meaning of Istanbul, constructing refugee camps, and engagement with the experience of the spatial hierarchy of Istanbul city life. I argue that the experience of Russian refugees in Istanbul after the First World War heavily contributed to the formation of today’s modern refugee regime.
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Harrell-Bond, Barbara. "Building the Infrastructure for the Observance of Refugee Rights in the Global South." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 25, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.26028.
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Refugees in the Global South face many serious violations of their rights. Several major host states have failed to ratify both the Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol. However, even among those states that have ratifi ed one or both, few have enacted the domestic legislation to implement the provisions, and no state in the South has made a serious effort to bring domestic law in other subjects—immigration, health, labour, education—into harmony with the rights of refugees and their international commitments. This article presents a multi-faceted proposal, a guide to building a new global infrastructure for the protection of refugees. An important precursor is the rapid expansion in the teaching and studying of refugee law. Today’s studentsof refugee issues are tomorrow’s researchers, lawyers, and scholars, all of which are desperately needed to help refugees navigate the process of status determination and resettlement, to advocate more generally for the rights of refugees, and to monitor states’ compliance with international obligations. Also, human rights NGOs need to embrace the fact that refugees are human beings, and refugee rights are human rights. Furthermore, advocacy groups, legal aid organizations, and other NGOs need to understand that advocacy, legal assistance, and research must go hand in hand: the provision of legal assistance to individual refugees not only makes the use of their life stories for research and advocacy more ethical, it improves the quality of the research and advocacy as well. Perhaps most importantly, all the groups working with refugees throughout the South must communicate with and assist each other. In an eff ort to facilitate this crucial networking and communication, sixteen refugee advocacy and legal aid NGOs from the South attended a fi ve-day workshop in Nairobi in January 2007. Th e group decided to form the Southern Refugee Legal Aid Network, and to produce a charter for membership. I have been acting as the group’s moderator informally since that time. In the coming months, SRLAN will attach itself to Fahamu, an advocacy NGO that publishes Africa’s largest circulation magazine and has a proven track record of facilitating emerging advocacy networks. Fahamu will do fearless advocacy, oft en too dangerous for individual NGOs, and the SRLAN will facilitate the communication and co-operation necessary to begin the construction of the new global infrastructure for the protection of refugees. Working together, as a network of organizations throughout the South, we truly can transform this broken and unjust system.
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Yammine, Marya Initia. "Narratives of Syrian refugee women in Lebanon: Gender stereotypes and resilience in language practices." Migration Letters 17, no. 6 (November 22, 2020): 781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i6.972.
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Now in its ninth year, the Syrian crisis remains the largest humanitarian and displacement emergency of our time. Hundreds of thousands of people have lost their lives, while millions more have fled the country, undertaking exhausting journeys in search for safety in neighboring countries. However, when they arrive, challenges are far from over as they have to adapt to new ways of life. With more than one million Syrian refugees, Lebanon hosts the largest concentration of refugees per capita, globally. This study offers an in-depth look into Syrian refugees’ livelihoods and coping strategies and an attempt to explore whether gender stereotypes have been influenced by forced displacement. In this context, qualitative research was conducted between April and July 2019 with 60 Syrian refugee female heads of households in Akkar and North Lebanon, whose ages ranged from 25 to 35. The primary focus is to analyze the words and expressions used by refugee women themselves to describe the challenges and opportunities they face, both as women and as refugees, and how far these affect their gender roles.
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Aderinto, Adeyinka Abideen. "Life After Displacement: A Study of Refugees in a Nigerian Refugee Camp." Journal of Human Ecology 13, no. 5 (September 2002): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2002.11905570.
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