Journal articles: 'Refugees – Sexual behavior – Ethiopia'

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Belay, Tefera, and Mulatie Missaye. "Risky sexual behavior and identity construction among adolescents in Ethiopia." Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jahr2013.0287.

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Molla, Asressie, Debebe Shaweno, and Dr P. Surender Reddy. "Risky Sexual Behavior among Secondary and Tertiary Level Students, Hawassa, Ethiopia." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 7 (June 15, 2012): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/july2014/86.

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Molla, Asressie, Debebe Shaweno, and Dr P. Surender Reddy. "Risky Sexual Behavior Among Secondary and Tertiary Level Students, Hawassa, Ethiopia." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/july2014/62.

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Alano, Abraham, Yifru Berhan, and Dejene Hailu. "Pattern of Sexual Behavior of Hawassa University Students, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study." International STD Research & Reviews 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/isrr/2014/12181.

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Moges, Nurilign Abebe, and Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu. "Sexual Behavior of Perinatally Infected Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Implication for HIV Prevention Strategy." AIDS Research and Treatment 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1573845.

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Background. The major mode of HIV transmission in many resource-limited settings is via heterosexual intercourse, but the primary risk factor for youth is primarily through perinatal infection. With the maturing of the HIV epidemic, youth who acquired the virus perinatally are now reaching adolescence and becoming young adults. There is a paucity of data on the sexual practices of perinatally infected youth in Ethiopia. Methods. This a cross-sectional study among 343 HIV positive youths receiving HIV care and treatment in the two hospitals in northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire was administered among those who were able to read and write, and the questionnaire was administered by a trained study team member for those who were illiterate. Data were entered using Epi data version 3.5 and analyzed using SPSS. Sexual behaviors of the two groups were compared using bivariate logistic regression and the significant ones were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was declared at 95% confidence interval and P-value less than 0.05. Result. About (63.3%) were females, and 177 (51.6%) were between 20 and 24 years of age. The modes of HIV acquisition were 133 (35%) through perinatal HIV infection, 120 (35%) through sexual contact, 27 (7.9%) through exposure to HIV infected sharp materials, and 63 (18.4%) unsure how they acquired HIV. More than half 155 (59.3%) had multiple sexual partners, and 50 (63.3%) of their sexual partners were HIV negative. Among those who were sexually active, only 77 (56.2%) use a condom consistently. Conclusions. More children who acquired HIV from their mothers are joining the youth population. Their sexual behavior is similar to those youth with behaviorally acquired HIV. There is significant risky sexual behavior among both groups. There is great urgency to effectively address the HIV the prevention strategy to break the cycle of “transgenerational” infection.

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Kasahun, Abebaw Wasie, Mezgebu Yitayal, Tadele Girum, and Bekri Mohammed. "Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors Among High School Students in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i3.9293.

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According to World Health Organization (WHO), youth are young people within 15-24 years old. Studies reported that more than half of all new HIV infections occur among people between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Institution based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among high school students in Gondar city. Multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. Data were collected using pretested structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered in Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe important variables in relation to the outcome variable, Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. The overall prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 12.8%. Two out of five sexually active respondents ever had unprotected sexual intercourse. Ever used alcohol ((AOR, 3.53 95% CI (1.73-7.19)), had no parental monitor (AOR, 12.21 95% CI (6.55-22.78), ever watched pornographic film (AOR, 2.24 95% CI (1.15-4.35), had no parental discussion on sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR, 2.57 95% CI (1.36-4.85) and peer pressure (AOR,2.50, 95%CI (1.20-5.21), were factors which significantly increases the odds of risky sexual behavior among youth. Risky sexual behavior among high school students in Gondar city administration was very high and worrisome; so that collaborated effort is needed from parents, schools, health facilities and health policy makers to bring healthy sexual behavior among school youth.

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Bonnenfant, Yung-Ting, Michelle J. Hindin, and Duff Gillespie. "HIV diagnosis and sexual risk behavior intentions among couple VCT clients in Ethiopia." AIDS Care 24, no. 9 (March 20, 2012): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.663883.

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Megersa, Nega Degefa, and Girum Sebsibe Teshome. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among preparatory school students in Arsi Negelle Town Oromia, Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20033.

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Risky sexual behavior remains the major public concern commonly affecting youths. These behaviors lead to undesirable health outcomes including sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancy and abortion for female. This study was intended to assess risky sexual behavior and associated factors among preparatory school students in Arsi Negelle Town. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 preparatory school students. Data was collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify the association between variables. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was, 32. % (95% CI: 24.3, 40.9). It was significantly associated with students grade level (AOR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.49, 22.28), having no discussion on sexual and reproductive health (AOR: 11.28; 95% CI: 1.8, 77.49), poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS (AOR: 4.86, 95% CI: 1.38, 17.11), not watching porn movies (AOR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.26), having pocket money (AOR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.39) and having peer influence (AOR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.28). Significant number of students engaged in at least one risky sexual behavior. The behavior was commonly seen among students with poor knowledge about HIV, no discussion on sexual and reproductive health, lower grade level, having pocket money, having peer influence and watching pornographic movies.

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Yedemie, Yordanos Y. "Evaluating the Prevalence and Patterns of Sexual Risk Behavior Among Undergraduate University Students in Ethiopia: Implication for Psychosocial Intervention." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 41, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19896739.

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Risky sexual behavior is any behavior that increases the probability of negative consequences associated with sexual contact. Family environment, peer influence, community factors, and school attachment seem to be important factors affecting sexual risk behavior and decision in school/higher institution youths. This research has also been conducted to inspect the patterns of sexual risk behavior among undergraduate university students in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using self-administered structured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic, sexual, and associated risk behaviors among Woldia University students. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression model was carried out using SPSS version. The results revealed that 28.34% of the total study participants reported to have had sexual intercourse at least once. More proportion of male students ever had sex compared with females. One fifth of these students had their first sexual experience after they joined university. About 6% of students with sexual experience reported having had intercourse with same-sex partners. Half of the males with sexual experience had intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Regarding the use of condom, majority of the students reported to have used a condom once in a blue moon. Not using condom at the first and last sexual engagement were significant predictors of having multiple sexual partners. This study revealed risky sexual behaviors among university students. Thus, continuous and intensified public health strategies on health education and reproductive health services are required to address the sexual and reproductive health needs of the students.

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Jibril, Meka Kedir, and Meron Kibru. "Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behavior among Jigjiga University Students in Jigjiga Ethiopia, 2018." OALib 07, no. 10 (2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106768.

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Haftu, Mebrahtom, Haftu Berhe, Kenfe Tesfay, and Martha Gebremeskel. "Older siblings' influence on sexual behavior of high school adolescents in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia." Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics Volume 10 (May 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ahmt.s196080.

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Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Genet Degu, Meseret Yitayew, Worku Misganaw, Mikiyas Muche, Tiguaded Demelash, Meless Mesele, and Melat Ayehu. "Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Jiga High School and Preparatory School Students, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." International Scholarly Research Notices 2016 (June 15, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4315729.

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Background. Young people constitute a large number of population worldwide, and majority of this population group lives in developing countries. They are at high risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. These risk sexual behaviors predispose youths to several sexual and reproductive health problems like STIs, HIV, unwanted pregnancy, and abortion. So, this study was conducted to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among Jiga high school and preparatory school students, northwest Ethiopia. Methodology. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among Jiga town high school and preparatory school students. A total of 311 students were included in the study. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and it was exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Descriptive analysis and bivariate and multivariate analysis were also calculated to determine factors associated with risky sexual behavior. Result. Forty-eight (16%) of respondents reported that they had sexual intercourse. From those who start sex, 44 (14.7%) were involved in risky sexual behavior which could predispose them to sexual and reproductive health problems. More than half, 27 (56.3%), of respondents first sexual intercourse was before their eighteenth birthday. The mean age and SD of fist sexual initiation were 17.2 years old and 1.35 years, respectively. Factors associated with risky sexual behavior include respondents between the ages of 20 and 23 (AOR: 5, 95%, CI: 1.59–15.98), drinking alcohol (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.13–5.41), and having poor knowledge towards HIV/AIDS (AOR: 4.53, 95%, CI: 2.06–9.94). Conclusion. A large number of in-school youths are involved in risky sexual behaviors like early sexual initiation, having multiple sexual partners, inconsistence use of condom, and having sex with high risk partner (CSWs). Age of respondents, alcohol drinking, and poor knowledge towards HIV/AIDS were factors associated with risky sexual behavior. School and community based programs in reducing substance abuse among youths and increasing their knowledge towards HIV/AIDS are important.

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Sahile, Zekariyas, Mulugeta Mekuria, and Abenezer Yared. "Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Behavior among University Students in Ambo, Central Ethiopia: Implication to Improve Intervention." Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2015 (June 9, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/890202.

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Background. Ethiopia has one of the lowest HIV prevalence rates in East Africa, but there are still more than one million people estimated to be living with HIV in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at assessing the comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among university students. Methodology. A cross-sectional comparative study was done with quantitative and qualitative data collection with a stratified sampling technique. The quantitative data were edited, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Result. Both comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention method were higher in the intervention group (75.8% and 48.5%) than comparative group (68.6% and 42.5%) which had a significant difference (P<0.05). Life time sexual intercourse was higher in the intervention group (40.8%) as compared to the comparative group (34.6%). But sexual condom utilization in the past 12 months was higher in the intervention group (73.2%) as compared to the comparative group (56.9%) which had a significant difference (P<0.05). Similarly, history of sexual transmitted disease report was higher in the comparative group (6.3%) as compared to the intervention (4.6%). Among sexual experience respondents in the last 12 months, 32% of them in the intervention and 35.5% of them in the comparative group have had multiple sexual partners. Conclusion. The intervention group had higher comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS and condom utilization. But a higher percentage of students were engaged in risky sexual behavior. Therefore, emphasis should be given on designing different strategy to reduce risky sexual behavior and increase comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge.

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Fite, Ayana Chimdessa, and Amsale Cherie. "Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants among Orphan and Vulnerable Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." World Journal of AIDS 06, no. 04 (2016): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wja.2016.64015.

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Deresse, Daka, and Shaweno Debebe. "Magnitude of risky sexual behavior among high school adolescents in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 6, no. 7 (July 31, 2014): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jphe2014.0639.

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Fekadu Wakasa, Buzayehu, Lemessa Oljira, Melake Demena, Lemma Demissie Regassa, and Wakgari Binu Daga. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually experienced secondary school students in Guduru, Ethiopia." Preventive Medicine Reports 23 (September 2021): 101398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101398.

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Belay, Alemayehu Sayih, Yohannes Worku, Tsion Addisu, and Addis Alemneh. "Assessment of magnitude of risk sexual behavior among Mizan high school and preparatory school students, South West, Ethiopia, 2016: descriptive cross-sectional study." International Journal of Scientific Reports 4, no. 3 (February 24, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20180793.

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Background: Risky sexual behavior increases the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Adolescent in Sub Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia are highly risky to various risky sexual behaviors. The aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior Among High School and Preparatory School Students in Mizan town, Ethiopia.Methods: Schools based cross sectional study design were conducted from April 23 – 27, 2016 in high school and preparatory school students in Mizan town and the data will be collected through self-administered questionnaire. Total of 308 study subject were included in the study. Individuals were selected through simple random sampling techniques. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 308 study subjects were participated. About 204 (66%) of them were between the age of 16-18 years. The overall risk sexual behaviors of the respondents were about 158 (51.3%). Regarding to their sexual partner, about 20(18.87%) of them were had sex with commercial sex workers.Conclusions: A considerable number of students have practiced risky sexual behavior that might predispose them to different sexual and reproductive health problems. Risky sexual behaviors were proven by having sex under the influence of alcohol and khat, having multiple sexual partners, having sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers and low practice of utilization of condoms.

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Vu, Alexander, Kiemanh Pham, Nhan Tran, and Saifuddin Ahmed. "The Influence of Social Desirability on Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia." World Journal of AIDS 03, no. 04 (2013): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wja.2013.34044.

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TAFFA, NEGUSSIE, GUNNAR BJUNE, JOHANNE SUNDBY, PETER GAUSTAD, and ANETTE ALESTRØM. "Prevalence of Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 29, no. 12 (December 2002): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200212000-00015.

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Hirbo, Shore, and Shunu Addisu. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among youth in Haramaya Secondary and Preparatory School, East Ethiopia, 2015." Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jphe2016.0905.

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Masresha, Seteamlak Adane, and Gedefaw Diress Alen. "Parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health among school adolescents of Woldia town, Ethiopia by the year 2019." Health Education 121, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-07-2020-0053.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the magnitude of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues and its association with gender and premarital sexual practice among school adolescents of Woldia town.Design/methodology/approachSchool-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 368 unmarried secondary and preparatory school adolescents (15–19 years) in Woldia town. Simple random sampling was employed to select study participants. Self-administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered by EPI-Data version 3.0.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.FindingsIn this study, 56.3% of school adolescents had parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. The result of this study showed that adolescents who had history of sexual intercourse where 64% less likely to communicate with parents on sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR: 0.36 95% CI: 0.20, 0.65), but there was no association between gender and sexual and reproductive health communication between adolescent and parent (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.75).Originality/valueParent-adolescent communication about sexual matters is one of the means that encourages adolescents to adopt responsible sexual behavior. Many children in Africa are uncomfortable to have a communication about sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents because the subject is a taboo topic in most homes.

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Wondemagegn, Fekade, and Tsegaye Berkessa. "High level risky sexual behavior among persons living with HIV in the urban setting of the highest HIV prevalent areas in Ethiopia: Implications for interventions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242701.

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Introduction Data on the sexual behavior among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) dwelling at HIV prevalent setting located at the periphery of Ethiopia is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate sexual practice of patients following their antiretroviral therapy (ART) service and factors affecting their behavior. Materials and methods A facility based cross-sectional study design was employed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinics in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia. Risky sexual practice is defined as a custom of getting in at least one of the following practices such as condom-unprotected sex with any partner, having two or more sexual partners and practicing casual sex in the last three months. A total of 352 randomly selected clients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between covariates and the outcome variable. Results Majority of the study participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices (79.8% confidence interval (CI): 75.3% - 83.9%). The multivariable analysis found that the odds of risky sexual practice were higher among individuals who use substances (‘khat’ users (AOR: 3.82, 95%CI:1.30–11.22), smoke cigarette (AOR:4.90, 95%CI:1.19–12.60), consume alcohol (AOR: 2.59, 95%CI:1.28–5.21)); those who never discuss about safe sex with their partner/s (AOR: 2.21, 95%CI:1.16–4.21); those who have been in attachment for longer duration (more than four years) with their partner (AOR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.32–9.62); and groups who desire to bear children in their future life (AOR: 3.15, 95%CI:1.40–7.04) as compared to their respective comparison groups. Conclusions A significant number of participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices which potentially result in super infection by a new or/and drug resistant viral strain/s, and onward transmission of the virus. Thus, an HIV intervention program which focuses on the identified factors has to be implemented to mitigate risk of unsafe sexual behavior of this population group and move towards ending the HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.

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Yosef, Tewodros, and Tadesse Nigussie. "Behavioral Profiles and Attitude toward Condom Use among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 24, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9582139.

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Background. Unsafe sexual behavior among adolescents still represents a public health challenge. To have safe sex, effective condom utilization is needed. Condom use remains relatively low among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Even though adolescents have good knowledge about condom use, they are still engaged in risky sexual behavior. Objective. To assess condom use and attitude toward condom use among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 students at Mizan-Aman Polytechnic College in southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered using EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was computed. Independent variables with a p value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered significant. Results. Of the 453, 180 were sexually active. Among those sexually active, 119 (66.1%) used condoms in their last sexual intercourse. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use was 53.4%, and the mean attitude score for condom use was 28.6 (±9.99 SD) ranging from 10 to 50. The study also found that being male (AOR=1.77, 95% CI [1.19-2.65]), rural resident (AOR=2.20, 95% CI [1.47-3.30]), ever had sex (AOR=1.87, 95% CI [1.23-2.85]), and knowledge of STIs (AOR=1.66, 95% CI [1.10-2.51]) were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Conclusion. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use among college students in Ethiopia was low. The study also found that being male, rural resident, ever had sex, and knowledge of STIs were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Therefore, strengthening information, education, and communication (IEC) on condom self-efficacy; providing condoms on campuses; and imparting education about sexually transmitted infections for young adults are central for improving condom use and attitudes toward condom use. Besides, inculcating sexual and reproductive health in the educational curriculum plays paramount importance.

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Gemechu, Ayele Gezahegn, Lemessa Assefa Ayana, Zelalem Desalegn Waqtole, Edosa Kifle Tola, and Markos Desalegn Beyene. "Risky sexual behavior and its associated factors among daily laborers in Arjo-Didessa sugar factory, Jimma Arjo, Southwest Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212199435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312121994358.

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Background: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries where the young population is densely found. Many studies reveal that the magnitude of risky sexual behavior is high in the youth. The consequences of risky sexual behavior developed during youth life may affect the sexual behavior in adult life, such as increasing the risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted infections, and predisposing to unwanted pregnancies. Our objective was to assess the risky sexual behaviors among daily laborers in Arjo-Didessa Sugar Factory, Jimma Arjo district, East Wollega zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected daily laborers in the Arjo-Didessa sugar factory. For the quantitative and qualitative study, a simple random and purposive sampling technique, respectively, was employed to select the study participants. After data collection, data were checked manually for completeness, and then cleaned and entered into EPI info version 7. Statistical analyses like descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 24 to determine the association between predictors and outcome variables with the help of the calculated frequencies and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, while a p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study participants was 22.15 and standard deviation of ±2.9 years. Among the study participants who responded to having sex in the past 12 months, 171 (57%) with 95% confidence interval (0.51, 0.63) had ever experienced risky sexual practices. The findings of this study indicated that age from 20 to 24 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–12.90), marital status (single) (adjusted odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.98–15.70), khat chewing (adjusted odds ratio = 7.12, 95% confidence interval: 2.2–23.4), influence of alcohol for sex (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–12.23), watching pornographic films (adjusted odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–12.2), and having income less than US$17 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.77) and US$17–US$52 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.85) were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior. Conclusion: This study indicated that there are high-risk sexual practices among the study population. Age, marital status, income level, khat chewing, the influence of alcohol consumption to have sex, and pornographic viewing were found to be predisposing factors of the risky sexual behaviors among daily laborers at the Arjo-Didessa sugar factory. Enhancing sexual education and consulting the targeted groups for the behavioral change is highly advisable, which can reduce the consequences of risky sexual practices that prevailed in the study area.

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Amare, Hiwot. "Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Students in Tana Haik High School, Bahir Dar, Northern Ethiopia." International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science 3, no. 4 (2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170304.12.

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Srahbzu, Mengesha, and Enguday Tirfeneh. "Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years at Governmental High Schools in Aksum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: An Institution-Based, Cross-Sectional Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 21, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3719845.

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Introduction. The impact of risky sexual practice on the general health of adolescents is enormous; little attention has been given on identification and intervention plans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and associated factors among adolescents aged 15-19 years in high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental high schools of Aksum town. We recruited a total of 659 adolescents aged 15-19 years by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected with a face-to-face interview. An Amharic version of the sexual risk behavior scale was used to measure risky sexual behaviors. The patient health questionnaire 9, the Oslo-3 social support scale, and an adverse childhood experience questionnaire were used to assess the factors. The coded data were entered into EpiData v.4.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done. An adjusted odds ratio at a p value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance. Result. A total of 644 students have participated with a response rate of 97.7%. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among adolescents aged 15-19 years was found to be 17.2%. Factors like poor social support (AOR=5.59, 95% CI: 2.71-11.53), living out of family (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.21-3.07), experiencing parental neglect (AOR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-2.94), and drinking alcohol (AOR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.55-4.20) were statistically associated with risky sexual behavior. Conclusion and Recommendations. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was found to be alarming among adolescents of high school aged 15-19 years. This can significantly affect health quality in the community and the country at large. We recommend setting strategies that are against the determining factors of risky sexual behavior; the control of alcoholic beverages among adolescents aged 15-19 years must be enhanced, and awareness creation must be made regarding its unpleasant consequences.

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Tirmizi, Syed Rizwan Ul Haq, Nasiruddin Khan, Syed Talha Tirmizi, and Syeda Amara Tirmizi. "Mathematical Epidemic Model of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i1.39541.

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In Pakistan the effect population mobility, specifically labor migration and refugees is also thought to have been important in explaining the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. One of the effects labor migration is likely to have had increased the prevalence of the overlap of sexual partnership. A nonlinear fractional differential equation model is discussed for transmission and control of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan. We shall also discuss the disease free equilibrium and stability behavior of the model Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.14-23

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Amare, Tadele, Tebikew Yeneabat, and Yohannes Amare. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiology of Risky Sexual Behaviors in College and University Students in Ethiopia, 2018." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (March 20, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4852130.

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Background. Risk of sexual ill-health occurs with the onset of unsafe sexual activity, mostly among the adolescents, and continues as long as the risky activities are engaged in. Globally, and in Africa, adolescent AIDS-related mortality among adolescents has been increasing. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology of risky sexual behaviors in college and university students in Ethiopia is mandatory. Methods. We conducted extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline of reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Databases such as PubMed, Global Health, Africa-wides, Google advance search, Scopus, and EMBASE were accessed for literature search. The pooled estimated effect of epidemiology of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors were analyzed by using the random effects model meta-analysis and 95% CI was also considered. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42018109277. Result. A total of 18 studies with 10,218 participants were encompassed in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among college and university students was 41.62%. Being male [OR: 2.35, with 95% (CI; 1.20, 4.59)], alcohol use [OR: 2.68, with 95% CI; (1.67, 4.33)] and watching pornography [OR: 4.74, with 95% CI; (3.21, 7.00)] were positively associated with risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion and recommendation. Risky sexual behavior among students was high. Educational institutions should give special attention for male sex, alcohol user, and students who watch pornography.

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Baru, Ararso, Ikeola A. Adeoye, and Adeyemi O. Adekunle. "“I was raped by the broker on the first day of my arrival in the town.” Exploring reasons for risky sexual behavior among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants in Ethiopia: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242176.

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Background Studies revealed that internal migrants are one of the most vulnerable groups for poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is a threat to public health and might lead to serious health problems such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The reported prevalence of RSB among young female internal migrants in Ethiopia was as high as 70.3%. This requires in-depth understanding of the underlying cause. So, this study aimed at exploring reasons for RSB among sexually-active unmarried young female migrants in Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions among sexually-active young female migrants working Burayu town. The focus group discussions were done in the local languages of participants (Afaan Oromo and Amharic). The recorded data were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for analysis and presentation in the study. The data were coded and Atlas.ti 7.5 software packages were used for data analyses. Then, the findings were thematically organized and analyzed using content analysis. Results This study revealed that poor socio-economic status, social media indulgence, rape, substance use, poor knowledge of condom use, unfavorable attitude toward condom use, misconceptions about emergency pills, and the nature of the new environment and work place were responsible for RSB among internal migrants. The participants described that the migrants’ economic conditions and workplace sexual violence are pushing them toward engaging in unprotected sex, being sexually abused, commercial sex, and transactional sex. Conclusions Internal migrants’ sexual behavior is a complex process influenced by multiple interrelating systems. We have explored a set of factors namely poverty, pressure and sexual abuse from brokers, sexual exploitation and abuses against domestic workers by their bosses, indulgence in social media, sexting, inadequate knowledge, and unfavorable attitude toward condom use that led young female internal migrants to risky sexual practices. An intervention to promote safe sex targeted to this population is urgently needed with a focus on an intervention to eliminate misconceptions about condoms, increase proper condom use, and end sexual violence. Moreover, a relevant policy is needed to safeguard internal migrants from sexual exploitation and abuses at their work place.

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Baru, Ararso, Ikeola A. Adeoye, and Adeyemi O. Adekunle. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants working in Burayu Town, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): e0240695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240695.

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Mosisa, Getu, Kifle Woldemichael Hajito, and Fantahun Ayalew. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among antiretroviral therapy attendees in Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study." HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Volume 10 (July 2018): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s159670.

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Amogne, Minilik Demissie, Anette Agardh, Ebba Abate, Jelaludin Ahmed, and Benedict Oppong Asamoah. "Determinants and consequences of heavy episodic drinking among female sex workers in Ethiopia: A respondent-driven sampling study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): e0252432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252432.

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Background Female sex workers (FSW), due to their working conditions, have an increased likelihood of heavy episodic drinking (HED), which is associated with risky sexual behavior. Nevertheless the specific contribution of HED to risky sexual behavior among FSWs in Ethiopia is not well documented for prevention activities. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants and consequences of HED among FSWs in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling was conducted among 4886 FSWs in 11 major towns in Ethiopia in 2014. A structured interview was performed, and data were examined using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Most (66%) FSWs consumed alcohol, and the prevalence of HED was 29.1%. Compared to street-based FSWs, those who worked in bars/hotels and local drinking houses had 2.19 and 1.29 times higher odds of HED, respectively. FSWs who started selling sex when younger than 18 years (compared to those who started when older than 25 years) and those who were forced into selling sex had 1.48 and 2.91 times higher odds of HED, respectively. FSWs with more income from selling sex and FSWs who chewed khat reported increased odds of HED. Moreover, FSWs with experience of HED reported 1.27 and 1.44 times higher odds of physical beating and condom breakage/slippage, respectively. Furthermore, the population attributable risk fraction of HED among FSWs showed that 6.2% of physical beating and 8.9% of condom breakage/slippage could be attributed to HED. Conclusion In general, several factors increase the experience of HED, and HED in turn increases the likelihood of violence and condom breakage. These factors could inform programs and intervention activities among FSWs populations.

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Tesema, Desalew, Meseret Tamirat, and Afework Tadele. "Sexual behaviors and its association with life skills among school adolescents of Mettu town, South West Ethiopia: A school-based cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212094054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120940545.

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Background: Adolescents need to have adequate life skills along with personal and social competencies to build responsible adults for healthy behavior. Works of literature agree that life skills improve adolescent’s cognitive, social, and emotional skills; however, there is a paucity of evidence on the association of life skills with sexual behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of life skills with sexual behavior among school adolescents aged 15–19 years in Mettu Town, South West Ethiopia. Methods: School-based cross-sectional study was employed among 372 school adolescents from 15 to 25 April 2016. A list of school adolescents aged 15–19 years old from students’ register was taken as a sampling frame. Then, simple random sampling was employed using computer-generated random numbers for final study participants’ selection. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were entered into Epidata version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results: Ninety-one (24.5%) adolescents ever practiced sexual intercourse, of which 19.1% of them were exposed to risky sexual behaviors. Unfavorable life skill dimensions, that is, social (adjusted odds ratio = 3.71; 95% confidence interval = 1.64, 8.38), coping with emotions (adjusted odds ratio = 3.114; 95% confidence interval = 1.286, 7.542), and cognitive (adjusted odds ratio = 2.835; 95% confidence interval = 1.288, 6.239), were found to be statistically significant associations with risky sexual behaviors, after controlling for confounders, that is, use of psychoactive substance (adjusted odds ratio = 6.73; 95% confidence interval = 2.27, 19.87) and urban adolescents who dwell in a rental house (adjusted odds ratio = 4.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.59, 10.33) as compared to those living with families. Conclusion: Developing life skills helps adolescents make more reasoned and intentional choices sexually, which will result in fewer unwanted pregnancies, less sexually transmitted disease, and stronger relationships.

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Tesfaye, Yonas, Alemayehu Negash, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Worknesh Tessema, Susan Anand, Gutema Ahmed, and Daniel Alemu. "Is There Association between Risky Sexual Behaviors and Depression Symptoms among Youth? A Case of Jimma University Students, Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3757656.

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Background. Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. To date the link between these two major public health problems lacks empirical evidence in the context of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess association between risky sexual behavior and depression symptoms among Jimma University main campus students, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods. An institution based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire and modified Beck Depression Inventory II were administered to 700 students, selected by multi-stage stratified sampling, from the main campus of Jimma University. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze possible confounders. Presence of crude association between the dependent and independent variables was detected by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to exclude the confounders. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were computed to examine depression symptoms and other independent variables as predictors of RSB. Results. RSB were reported by 30.2% students. Out of 222 (33.6%) students with depression symptoms 105 (47.3%) reported RSB. Students with moderate depression symptoms are nearly two times more likely to experience risky sexual behavior than students with no depression symptoms (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1-3.1). Students with severe depression symptoms are nearly two and half times more likely to experience RSB than students with no depression symptoms counterparts (AOR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3- 5.1). Conclusion. RSB were high among students with depression symptoms in the main campus of Jimma University. To help students overcome the challenges, recommendation was given for concerted action from the University, governmental and NGO, and the surrounding community to establish support services and various reproductive and mental health awareness programs within the campus.

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Mekonnen Munea, Alemtsehay, Getu Degu Alene, and Gurmesa Tura Debelew. "Does Youth-Friendly Service Intervention Reduce Risky Sexual Behavior in Unmarried Adolescents? A Comparative Study in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (July 2020): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s254685.

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Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Muhabaw Shumye Mihret, and Haymanot Alem Muche. "Risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions: The role of women’s socio-demographic, sexual behavior and body mass index in Amhara region referral hospitals; case-control study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): e0249218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249218.

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Background Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health challenges in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. There was a scarce of evidence regarding the effect of woman’s socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index on the development of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions among women visiting referral hospitals for cervical cancer screening in Amhara national regional state. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 22 December 2019 to 8 April 2020 among 200 women including 67 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) positive women (i.e., cases) and 133 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) negative women (i.e., controls). The study was conducted at randomly selected referral hospitals in Amhara national regional state. Data were collected mainly through face to face interview and chart review using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were then entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p-value of < 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis. Level of significance was claimed based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results This study illustrates that the odds of being positive for precancerous cervical lesion (PCL) were higher among women who had body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26, 8.76), early coitarche (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 11.49, history of using oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.4), lifetime sexual transmitted infections (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.28) and multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.29). On the other hand, participants’ BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75) and level of education of college and above (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.77) were identified to be protective factors of PCL. Conclusion Most of the determinants of precancerous cervical lesions were modifiable and mainly related to women’s socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and body mass index. Therefore, strengthening awareness on safe sexual practices and healthy life styles through information, education and communication (IEC), and behavioral change communication (BCC) would decrease the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions.

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Negeri, EL. "Determinants of Risky Sexual Behavior, Relation between HIV Risk Perception and Condom Utilization among Wollega University Students in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia." Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal 3, no. 3 (November 17, 2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/star.v3i3.13.

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Dadi, Abel Fekadu. "Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Grade 9-12 Students in Humera Secondary School, Western Zone of Tigray, NW Ethiopia, 2014." Science Journal of Public Health 2, no. 5 (2014): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.16.

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Birkie, Mengesha, Yosef Zenebe, Gebeyaw Biset, Moges Gebresellassie, and Setegn Mihret. "Risk Factors for Gender-Based Violence among Female Students of Gonder Teacher’ Training College, Gonder, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010634.

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Background: Violence against women is the world's most prevalent, pervasive and enduring problem. Sexual violence appears to be particularly great among adolescent girls of Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2018, and 322 participants were selected via a stratified sampling technique. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis, then bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to see statistically significant factors. Results: Lifetime prevalence of Gender-based violence was found to be 35.1% (95% CI: 29.9 - 40.3). Risk factors significantly associated with sexual violence were living alone (AOR = 4.3 95% CI: 1.03, 18.09), having two or more number of sexual partner in life (AOR = 11.5 95% CI: 2.80, 47.16), lack of open discussion between parents and daughters about reproductive health issues (AOR= 5.05 95% CI: 1.37, 18.55), being third year student 9.06(1.96, 41.94), strict parenting style over the girls behavior (AOR = 3.4 (1.04,10.72), alcohol consumption (AOR = 8.3 95% CI: 2.57, 27.00), use of khat (AOR = 11.05 95% CI: 3.53, 34.60), and monthly financial support to the girls from family (AOR= 0.1, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.73). Conclusion: The prevalence of Gender-based violence among female college students in Gonder town was high. Attention should be paid to the reduction of the prevalence and those risk factors of Gender-based violence.

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Zivot, Chloe, Cate Dewey, Cole Heasley, Sharada Srinivasan, and Matthew Little. "Exploring the State of Gender-Centered Health Research in the Context of Refugee Resettlement in Canada: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 7511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207511.

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Interdisciplinary health research that investigates gender as a relational process is necessary to facilitate a safe and healthy resettlement process for refugees in Canada. This scoping review explores the range, nature, and extent of published research examining gender in relation to refugee health during resettlement in Canada. An initial search of six databases yielded 7325 articles published before June 2019. A total of 34 articles published between 1988 and 2019 were included for in-depth review. Articles meeting inclusion criteria primarily focused on refugee women. Categories of focus included maternal health, social and emotional health, health impacts of sexual and gender-based violence and torture, access to health and social services, decision-making and health-seeking behavior, mental health, and sexual and reproductive health. Our thematic analysis identified connections between gender roles, expectations, ideals, and health through interactions and lived experiences within the family, community, and healthcare system. Review findings suggest that many refugee women are influenced by pervasive gender roles and expectations as well as exposed to gendered health systems and practices that may pose risks to health, particularly mental health and access to services. Further efforts should be made to understand processes and experiences of resilience and community building in countering negative impacts of gendered beliefs and practices on health during resettlement.

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Bikila, Tesfaye Shibiru, Nagasa Dida, Gizachew Abdissa Bulto, Bikila Tefera Debelo, and Kababa Temesgen. "Adolescents’ Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters with Their Parents and Associated Factors among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697837.

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Background. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication is most likely to promote healthy sexual practices and to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. Communication is the principal means for parents to transmit sexual values and knowledge to their children. Although there are few studies conducted on parent-adolescent communication, there is no study conducted in the town of Ambo. This study was aimed at assessing the level of parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues and its associated factors among school students in Ambo town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Method. An institution-based concurrent mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted among 591 secondary and preparatory school students in Ambo town from February 24th to March 9th, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study subject. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, and FGD was conducted with parents of students. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for statistical analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain the association using a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value (<0.05). Results. The proportion of students who had communication on sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents was 222 (37.6%). Being female ( AOR = 2.07 , 95% CI: 1.40-3.07), private school ( AOR = 2.77 , 95% CI: 1.17-3.69), a father with secondary education ( AOR = 2.93 , 95% CI: 1.05-8.12) and diploma and above ( AOR = 3.27 , 95% CI: 1.23-8.71), considering sex education necessary ( AOR = 2.83 , 95% CI: 1.22-6.57), got information about SRH issues from school ( AOR = 2.01 , 95% CI: 1.06-2.36) and media ( AOR = 2.92 , 95% CI: 1.49-3.71), and mother’s openness to communicate about SRH issues ( AOR = 3.30 , 95% CI: 1.31-4.05) were found to be significantly associated with parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues. Conclusions. The study showed that parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues is low. Being female, those from a private school, father’s education, perceived importance of sex education, source of information about SRH issues (school and media), and mother’s openness to communicate about SRH issues were identified to be factors associated with the communication. Therefore, the concerned body should consider the identified factors to improve the current level of parent-adolescent communication and adolescent reproductive health.

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Solomon, Nahom, Mitike Molla, and Bezawit Ketema. "“I want to perform and succeed more than those who are HIV-seronegative” Lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinetally and attend Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): e0251848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251848.

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Background In Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention program one of the focusing areas is prevention of mother-to-child transmission and decreasing morbidity and mortality among those who already acquired it. However, the needs and the sexual behavior of children who acquired HIV perinatally was not given due attention. Therefore, we conducted this study with the aim of exploring the lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinatally to contribute to HIV prevention and control program. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach from March to May 2018 among 16 purposively selected youth who were infected with HIV vertically and receive ART services at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. They were recruited based on their willingness after obtaining written informed consent and assent. Data were audio taped, transcribed verbatim in Amharic and later translated to English, and coded using Open Code version 4.02 software. Findings were summarized under four themes by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Seven males and nine females, aged 16 to 22 years have participated in the study. These youth reported as they had support from families and ART clinics, while pill-load, and fear of stigma are some of challenges they have faced, especially majorities don’t want to disclose their status because of fear of stigma and discrimination. Half of them have ever had sexual relations usually with a seronegative partner and most of these had their first sex in their17-18 years of age. Unsafe sex was common among them where four girls reported to have had unprotected sex with their seropositive or seronegative sexual partners. Most wish to have purposeful life and love mate of the same serostatus but also fear they may remain alone. Conclusion Youth who had acquired HIV from parents are challenged due to their serostatus and were not sure what type of life they may have in the future. They were also not comfortable in disclosing their serostatus and also engaged in unsafe sexual relation. This calls for an urgent intervention among HIV infected youth and their families; health care providers, and young people in general to halt HIV transmission. Special attention should be given on sexual behavior of all young people (10–24) and in disclosure of HIV status to children and life skills education to cop-up with stigma and discrimination.

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Tadesse, G., T. Abayneh, F. Gebreab, M. Tefera, and G. Wirtu. "140A STUDY ON HINNY PRODUCTION FROM LOCAL JENNIES (EQUUS ASINUS) AND STALLIONS (E. CABALLUS) IN ETHIOPIA: NORMAL OFFSPRING PRODUCED." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab140.

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Domestic equids, consisting of 5 million donkeys, 1 million horses and 0.6 million mules, play important roles in Ethiopia’s economy by providing services in transportation and traction sectors. In spite of the large equine population and the common use of mules (jack×mare), the opposite hybrid, hinny (stallion×jenny) is uncommon. Compared to using mules or either parent, hinnies could provide certain economic and environmental advantages. Considering the large female donkey population, it may be easier and more affordable to produce hinnies than mules. Moreover, hinnies are better than donkeys in draft performance. Thus, using hinnies could help in reducing the large donkey population and hence their negative environmental effect. However, there is no recorded attempt of hinny production in Ethiopia. Although data from controlled experiments are limited, interspecies breeding to produce hinnies is less successful than attempts to produce mules mainly because hinnies are thought to be less fertile. In the present study, adult and cycling Abyssinian jennies were divided into two groups (n=10 each) for natural breeding with three jacks (Jack group) or four stallions (Stallion group). During a period of two years, data on intraspecies and interspecies courtship behavior, mating activities, conception and foaling were recorded. Data were collected mainly by visual observation. Pregnancy was also diagnosed by palpation per rectum at 60 to 90 days after service. Mating was conducted during natural or PGF2α-induced estrus. Data on the number of services per conception, number of pregnancies and foaling were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s test. Jennies in estrus showed overt sexual interest in jacks, stallions and even female herdmates. Two stallions showed sexual interest in jennies; however, only one mated successfully and hence jennies in heat were exposed to this male. In the Jack group, 9 of the 10 jennies conceived (with 27 cycles bred , or 3 cycles/pregnancy). One pregnant jenny died of unrelated causes. Of the remaining 8 pregnant jennies, 3 aborted and 5 delivered live foals. In the stallion group, 3 of the 10 jennies conceived (with 47 cycles bred, or 15.7 cycles/pregnancy). Two of the three females aborted and one delivered a live female foal. The pregnancy rates between the two treatments (90% v. 30%) were significantly different (P=0.02); however, treatment did not affect (P>0.05) foaling rates (63 % v. 33%) or abortion rates (38% v. 67%). Abortion occurred at 192 to 254 days (Jack group) and 147 and 159 days (Stallion group) of gestation. Gestation lengths of 370.2±4.5 v. 330 day and foal body weight of 13.3±1.0 v. 16kg were recorded in the Jack and Stallion groups, respectively. Foaling did not require assistance in either group. We have demonstrated the possibility of hinny production using local jennies and stallions. The main limitations to hinny production were poor sexual desire of stallions towards jennies and also low conception rates after interspecies mating. The latter also cast doubts on the potential of alternative approaches (e.g. artificial insemination) to circumvent the behavioral barrier to interspecies breeding. We would like to thank RPSUD for funding this project and Dr. Azage Tegegne for overall assistance.

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Plymoth, Martin, Eduard J. Sanders, Elise M. Van Der Elst, Patrik Medstrand, Fregenet Tesfaye, Niclas Winqvist, Taye Balcha, and Per Björkman. "Socio-economic condition and lack of virological suppression among adults and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0244066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244066.

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Introduction The potential impact of socio-economic condition on virological suppression during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown. In this case-control study, we compared socio-economic factors among Ethiopian ART recipients with lack of virological suppression to those with undetectable viral load (VL). Methods Cases (VL>1000 copies/ml) and controls (VL<150 copies/ml) aged ≥15years, with ART for >6 months and with available VL results within the last 3 months, were identified from registries at public ART clinics in Central Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based interviews on socio-economic characteristics, health condition and transmission risk behavior were conducted. Univariate variables associated with VL>1000 copies/ml (p<0.25) were added to a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Among 307 participants (155 cases, 152 controls), 61.2% were female, and the median age was 38 years (IQR 32–46). Median HIV-RNA load among cases was 6,904 copies/ml (IQR 2,843–26,789). Compared to controls, cases were younger (median 36 vs. 39 years; p = 0.004), more likely to be male (46.5% vs. 30.9%; p = 0.005) and had lower pre-ART CD4 cell counts (170 vs. 220 cells/μl; p = 0.009). In multivariable analysis of urban residents (94.8%), VL>1000 copies/ml was associated with lower relative wealth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.98; 95% CI 1.49–5.94; p = 0.016), geographic work mobility (aOR 6.27, 95% CI 1.82–21.6; p = 0.016), younger age (aOR 0.94 [year], 95% CI 0.91–0.98; p = 0.011), longer duration of ART (aOR 1.19 [year], 95% CI 1.07–1.33; p = 0.020), and suboptimal (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.33–10.2; p = 0.048) or poor self-perceived wellbeing (aOR 9.75, 95% CI 2.85–33.4; p = 0.012), after correction for multiple comparisons. High-risk sexual behavior and substance use was not associated with lack of virological suppression. Conclusion Geographic work mobility and lower relative wealth were associated with lack of virological suppression among Ethiopian ART recipients in this predominantly urban population. These characteristics indicate increased risk of treatment failure and the need for targeted interventions for persons with these risk factors.

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Gebremedhin, Haftom Tesfay, Hagos Mehari Mezgebo, Gessessew Teklebrhan Geberhiwot, Tesfay Tsegay Gebru, Yowhans Ashebir Tesfamichael, Hailu Belay Ygzaw, Mulu Ftwi Baraki, et al. "Erectile dysfunction and its associated factors among the male population in Adigrat Town, Tigrai Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0242335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242335.

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Background Erectile dysfunction is one of the common sexual dysfunctions, but it is generally misunderstood as it is not a condition that threatens life. It affects an individual’s physical as well as psychosocial health and has a significant impact on sufferers and their families’ quality of life. No data are suggesting the prevalence of erectile dysfunction at the population level in Ethiopia. This research aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of erectile dysfunction among the male population. Methods We employed a community based cross-sectional study among 802 study participants. A two-stage random sampling method was used for enrolling study participants. Including the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) for erectile dysfunction, data were collected using pretested and a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with erectile dysfunction. Result Out of the total of 802 individuals, 25.4%(95% CI:(22.4, 28.3%)) (n = 204) reported erectile dysfunction. The mean age of the participants was 34.3 ± 9.6 years. Age of 40years and above [AOR = 10.74, 95% CI: (7.07, 16.35)], physical inactivity [AOR = 3.62, 95% CI: (2.40, 5.45)], depression [AOR = 4.01, 95% CI: (2.22, 7.21)], poor quality of life [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.36)] were significantly associated with erectile dysfunction. Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was high. Therefore, it is recommended that erectile dysfunction treatment be integrated into the health care system that focuses on educating and inspiring people on healthy eating, physical activity, and behavior enhancing wellbeing.

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LOTT, DEREK A. "The species of Acylophorus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) in continental sub-Saharan Africa." Zootaxa 2402, no. 1 (March 18, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2402.1.1.

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Types of Acylophorus delphinus Fauvel from Madagascar and Acylophorus species found in continental sub-Saharan Africa are revised. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: A. orientalis Fauvel, A. picipennis Bernhauer, A. densipennis Bernhauer, A. antennalis Cameron, A. tenuiceps Bernhauer, A. collarti Cameron, A. congoensis Cameron, A. mareei Bernhauer, A. trigonocephalus Cameron and A. grandis Bernhauer. Type material for A. rufipennis Cameron could not be located and the name is considered to be a nomen dubium. The following new synonymies are established: A. orientalis Fauvel = A. picipennis Bernhauer syn. n., = A. marginalis Cameron syn. n.; A. antennalis Cameron = A. tenuiceps Bernhauer syn. n.; A. trigonocephalus Cameron = A. lomaensis Bordoni syn. n. Seven new species are described: A. nitens sp. n. from Sudan, A. tshuapensis sp. n. from Congo, A. makhoreae sp. n. from Ethiopia, A. micans sp. n. from Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon, A. salifi sp. n. from Burkina Faso, A. minor sp. n. from Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria, and A. setiger sp. n. from Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). A key is given to species groups defined by easily observed characters. Comparative diagnoses are given for species, their distributions mapped and their bionomics detailed where data are available. Forebodies, terminal segments of the maxillary palpi, antennae and aedeagi are figured for all species, except those represented by material with these parts missing. Mandibles and secondary sexual characters are figured for selected species.

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Khan, Shiraz. "The Road To Hell." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i2.2190.

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How many of us have ever reflected on the work of the charity business?Other than the few odd cases of conuption, the really big players such as Savethe Children earn our uncritical respect and admiration for their seemingly selflesswork. We have no qualms about pulling out our wallets and donating generouslyto what we think are worthy projects, worthy people, and worthy nonprofit,apolitical organizations whose only aims are to sponsor orphans, buildwells, improve irrigation, provide food and shelter (especially at the time ofmajor disasters and famines), and labor ceaselessly to improve the lot of thepoor, destitute, and impoverished living in the Third World and Africa, especially Africa.Read these objectives again, for drawing on his experience of over nineteenyears of work with aid organizations around Africa, Michael Maren has writtena book that demolishes each and every one of them. Probing deep into the workingsof these inviolable institutions, such as CARE, USAID, Save the Children,and UNHCR, he highlights an utterly seamy side: a spectacular waste of funds,a fraudulent record of accounts, sensational salaries and lifestyles of the directors,a complete disregard for the recipients or their children, and the creationand funding of “projects” that are so badly managed and so utterly unsuited tothe geography of the country and needs of the people that they often do far moreharm than good, leaving the recipients in a worse state than when they foundthem. It is a simple fact of life in the aid business that with appropriate mediahype, famines, dramatic influxes of refugees, floods, earthquakes, and othersuch catastrophes can be real money-spinners. It is in this light and with theseresults that W n ha s chosen to title the book The Road to Hell.The book is broadly set against the backdrop of Somalia and its civil strife andmilitary tensions with Ethiopia Witnessing a series of harrowing wars, famines,and natural disasters, Maren tells how CARE unwittingly assisted a Somaliandictatorship in building a political and economic power base; how the UN, Savethe Children, and many other nongovernmental organizations provided rawmaterials for ethnic factions who subsequently threatened genocidal massacresin Rwanda and Burundi. He brings first-hand reports of African farmers,Western aid workers, and corrupt politicians from many cqlmtries, joinedtogether in a vicious circle of self-interest. Above all, he heralds an importanttruth: Humanitarian intervention and foreign activity is necessarily political. Itgets hijacked by powerful charities and agricultural interests and is cynicallymanipulated by local strongmen to control rebellious populations.One interesting feam of the aid business that Maren examines is the fact thatit is pemapS the last visible vehicle or characteristic of colonialism left in theThird World. He does not fail to emphasize that states are not moral agents andthat admiration for theii altruism is misplaced, for it is simply a call for reimpsition of colonial benevolence by the “civilized world” which feels it must goout to these desperate places and govern through food aid and agricultural programs.This “white man’s burden” attitude, however, must be juxtaposed againstpolitical motives, for as Maren points out, great power aid programs like USAIDcontinue to be motivated primarily by the political and economic interests of thedonors. This colonialist outlook is most visible, argues Maren, in the behavior ...

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M, Wachira, and Migombano M. "Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV Needs of South Sudanese Refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia." Journal of AIDS and HIV infections 2, no. 2 (December 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15744/2454-499x.2.206.

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Obo, Chalachew Shambel, Lamesa Melese Sori, Tadesse Melaku Abegaz, and Bizuneh Tesfaye Molla. "Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorders in Ethiopia." BMC Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (October 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2313-2.

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Abstract Background People with bipolar disorder are highly vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors (RSBs). The magnitude of RSBs among bipolar disorders was not studied in our population. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of RSBs and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder. Method An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 30 May 2017 among people living with bipolar disorder at outpatient departments of Amanuel Mental Health Hospital, Addis Ababa. Systematic random sampling was used to select participants. Risky sexual behavior was defined as having sex with two or more sexual partners, having unprotected sexual intercourse, sex after alcohol consumption, exchanged money for sex in a previous 12 months. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interview by a structured questionnaire adopted from behavioral surveillance survey. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with RSBs. Result A total of 424 participants were enrolled in the study, giving overall response rate of 96%. About 223(52.6%) were males. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 49.1% among bipolar patients. Male patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =2.23,95% CI = 1.27,3.92), patients in age group of 18–24(AOR = 2.08,95% CI = 1.47,3.81),current manic phase of the illness (AOR = 2.3195% CI,1.24,4.32) and current alcohol drinking (AOR = 3.70,95% CI = 2.01,6.78) had significant association with RSB. Conclusion Almost half of bipolar patients reported a risky sexual behavior. Current manic episode and the consumption of alcohol were independently associated with RSB. To reduce the burden of RSBs, mental health services which focuses on sexual behaviors of bipolar patients is required.

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Ortiz-Echevarria, Luis, Meghan Greeley, Tenaw Bawoke, Linnea Zimmerman, Courtland Robinson, and Jennifer Schlecht. "Understanding the unique experiences, perspectives and sexual and reproductive health needs of very young adolescents: Somali refugees in Ethiopia." Conflict and Health 11, S1 (November 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0129-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Refugees – Sexual behavior – Ethiopia'

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