Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refuse derived fuel (RDF)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Refuse derived fuel (RDF)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

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Nabeshima, Yoshiro. "RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). Technical Evaluation of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)." Waste Management Research 7, no. 4 (1996): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.294.

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Haydary, Juma. "Gasification of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0007.

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Abstract In this work, the gasification of a fraction of municipal solid waste, MSW, generally separated from inorganic materials and biodegradable components, the so-called refuse-derived fuel (RDF), was studied using material characterisation methods, and the modelling of an industrial scale process was presented. The composition of RDF was determined by the separation of a representative sample into its basic components (paper, foils, hard plastics, textiles). All RDF components as well as a representative mixed sample of the RDF were studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and bomb calorimetry to determine their proximate and elemental compositions, and a higher heating value. An industrial scale gasification process was studied by mathematical modelling and computer simulations. All techniques, gasification with air, gasification with oxygen, and gasification with both oxygen and steam were investigated under different conditions. The RDF conversion of 100 % was achieved by the gasification with air at the air to RDF mass ratio of 3.2. The gas heating value was 4.4 MJ/Nm3. The gasification of RDF using oxygen enables the production of gas with the heating value of around 10 MJ/Nm3 at the oxygen to RDF mass ratio of 0.65. By increasing the steam to the RDF mass ratio, the contents of H2 and CO2 increased, while the content of CO, reactor temperature and the gas heating value decreased.
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Ayas, Gizem, and Hakan Öztop. "Thermal analysis of different Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) samples." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201010249a.

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As a result of the activities carried out by people to maintain their daily lives in different places such as homes, hospitals, hotels or workplaces, waste consisting of furniture, paint, batteries, food waste, sachets, bottles, fabrics, and fibers with the heterogeneous structure is called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Secondary fuels with higher heating value, which are generated by recycling of non-recyclable and reusable wastes in municipal solid wastes, are called as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). In this study, Refuse Derived Fuel1 (RDF1 : taken in December, winter season) and Refuse Derived Fuel2 (RDF2 : taken in June, summer season) samples obtained from different dates were used. The ultimate, proximate, calorific value, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed for these samples. Combustion characterization from Refuse Derived Fuel samples was investigated in the applied analyzes. The results of the content analysis made were examined separately and compared with the Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis combustion graph curves. It was revealed that the Refuse Derived Fuel1 sample had a better combustion compared to the Refuse Derived Fuel2 sample, as the ash amount and content obtained as a result of the combustion also supported other data. In addition, the results of the analysis show how different the Refuse Derived Fuel samples taken from the same region in two different months are different from each other.
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Chaerul, Mochammad, and Annisa Kusuma Wardhani. "Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste using Biodrying Process: Review." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i1.62-74.

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The utilization of waste into fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF) is an alternative to overcome the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many processes can be applied to produce RDF including through biodrying process. Biodrying is a part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) aiming to reduce water content in the waste by utilizing heat generated from microorganism activities while degrading organic matter in the waste, thus the calorific value will increase. The paper aims to make a review from various research papers on biodrying process published in scientific journals, so it becomes one of reference on further research on biodrying process by considering the characteristics of waste in Indonesia. The review has been conducted by focusing on several important aspects on the research such as operation principle, reactor design configuration, parameters to be examined, and the characteristics of feed and product.
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Nishimura, Kiyoshi. "RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). Facility and Operation of Refuse Derived Fuel Systems for Urban Garbage." Waste Management Research 7, no. 4 (1996): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.338.

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Haydary, Juma, Patrik Šuhaj, and Michal Šoral. "Semi-Batch Gasification of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020343.

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Gasification is a promising technology for the conversion of mixed solid waste like refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and municipal solid waste (MSW) into a valuable gas consisting of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2. This work aims to identify the basic challenges of a single-stage batch gasification system related to tar and wax content in the producer gas. RDF was first gasified in a simple semi-batch laboratory-scale gasification reactor. A significant yield of tars and waxes was received in the produced gas. Waxes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. These analyses indicated the presence of polyethylene and polypropylene chains. The maximum content of H2 and CO was measured 500 sec after the start of the process. In a second series of experiments, a secondary catalytic stage with an Ni-doped clay catalyst was installed. In the two-stage catalytic process, no waxes were captured in isopropanol and the total tar content decreased by approximately 90 %. A single one-stage semi-batch gasification system is not suitable for RDF gasification; a large fraction of tar and waxes can be generated which can cause fouling in downstream processes. A secondary catalytic stage can significantly reduce the tar content in gas.
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Lockwood, F. C., and J. J. Ou. "Review: Burning Refuse-Derived Fuel in a Rotary Cement Kiln." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 1 (February 1993): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_008_02.

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In cement kilns, combustion takes place under very high flame temperatures and relatively long residence times. These conditions are favourable for the burning of refuse waste. The purpose of this note is to review the combustion and pollutant emission implications of using such a fuel as a supplementary source of heat in a cement kiln. Based on technical and environmental considerations, the analysis of burning refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a cement kiln shows that no special firing technology has to be installed except that of the RDF handling system, that there is an upper limit to the total fuel consumption (no more than 30 per cent) for firing RDF and that there is no increase in the emission levels of air pollutants (including acid gases, dioxins, furans, etc.). At present, there seems to be no economical advantage in burning RDF. However, if municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated in large amounts and financial support is provided by the local authority to cover the investment/operating costs, burning RDF in cement kilns will become economically attractive as well as feasible.
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Ishii, Takamitsu. "RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). Construction of the Dream Fuel Center." Waste Management Research 7, no. 4 (1996): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.326.

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Stępień, Paweł, Małgorzata Serowik, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Waste to Carbon: Estimating the Energy Demand for Production of Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 5685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205685.

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We have been advancing the concept of carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) by refuse-derived fuel (RDF) torrefaction as improved recycling to synergistically address the world’s energy demand. The RDF is a combustible fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many municipalities recover RDF for co-firing with conventional fuels. Torrefaction can further enhance fuel properties and valorize RDF. Energy demand for torrefaction is one of the key unknowns needed for scaling up CRDF production. To address this need, a pioneering model for optimizing site-specific energy demand for torrefaction of mixed RDF materials was developed. First, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were used to establish thermal properties for eight common RDF materials. Then, the model using the %RDF mix, empirical thermal properties, and torrefaction temperature was developed. The model results for individual RDF components fitted well (R2 ≥ 0.98) with experimental torrefaction data. Finally, the model was used to find an optimized RDF site-specific mixture with the lowest energy demand. The developed model could be a basis for estimating a net energy potential from the torrefaction of mixed RDF. Improved models could be useful to make plant-specific decisions to optimize RDF production based on the energy demand that depends on highly variable types of MSW and RDF streams.
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Paszkowski, Jarosław, Maciej Domański, Jacek Caban, Janusz Zarajczyk, Miroslav Pristavka, and Pavol Findura. "The Use of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in the Power Industry." Agricultural Engineering 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2020-0029.

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Abstract The paper presents the concept of use of fuels produced from production waste (RDF). The usefulness of RDF processed into pellets used in the chemical and power industry was also analyzed. The paper presents the results of research on the quality and content of selected elements in RDF pellets. The values of individual indexes are within the ranges typical for fuels manufactured from plastics. The tested material’s humidity was identified as low, as well as the content of chlorine, sulfur and other elements. In the working condition, the calorific value of the tested sample was 25.260 MJ·kg−1 and was above the range of typical values for RDF (13-20 MJ·kg−1). The moisture content in the tested material was 1% and it was within the required range. In the laboratory tests, the content of chlorine and sulfur was also determined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

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Brännvall, Evelina. "Accelerate ageing of refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) fly ashes." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17584.

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Ashes have properties that can be exploited in various applications, e.g. some ashes can be used in the construction of barriers in a landfill final top cover. A landfill top cover is a multilayer construction that protects the environment in several ways, for instance hindering gas emissions from the landfill body and water infiltration into the waste.Impervious natural materials like clay, synthetic materials like geomembranes or bentonite carpets, geosynthetic clay liners or combinations of such materials are commonly used in landfill top cover constructions. Since differential settlement may occur and the lifetimes of the synthetic materials are uncertain, it is advantageous to use thick mineral constructions. There is a great need for these materials, and substantial savings of resources can be made if alternative waste materials, like ashes, are used. Currently, ashes are either landfilled or used as construction materials. They are subject to weathering processes, including physical, chemical and mineralogical changes caused (inter alia) by fluctuations of temperature and humidity, atmospheric gases or acid rain. Ashes contain various potentially hazardous and non-hazardous chemical compounds. Therefore, precautions must be taken to avoid leaching of substances such as heavy metals into the surrounding environment. Mineral phases that are initially present and/or that form during the ageing are primarily responsible for the immobilization or leaching of diverse metals and salts. Newly formed mineral phases like clay minerals are of main interest, because of their very high cation exchange capacity, swelling and expansion properties.The conditions found in a landfill environment are likely to favour clay mineral formation. This thesis is based on studies on the effects of accelerated ageing on refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) fly ashes, in experiments under controlled laboratory conditions, intended to derive models to predict the stability of RDF fly ashes used in a landfill liner and the mineralogical changes that occur in them. A reduced factorial design was applied, followed by multivariate data analysis, to evaluate the effects of five factors - carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, temperature, relative air humidity (RH), time and the quality of added water - on mineral transformations within the ashes, and their acid neutralization capacity (ANC) and leaching behaviour.Minerals (ettringite and hydrocalumite) promoting the immobilization of hazardous compounds were found in both fresh ash and ash aged under atmospheric conditions, but these minerals disappeared upon carbonation. The main phases in ash at 20% and 100% CO2 were calcite, gypsum/anhydrite and vaterite. The abundance of gypsum and anhydrite was directly related to the temperature at which ashes were aged. The major mineral phases detected in ashes aged under 20% CO2, 65% RH and 30°C (corresponding to conditions generally found in a landfill cover) were calcite and gypsum/bassanite. The pH values of these ash specimens ranged from 7.2 to 7.6, indicating advanced carbonation. Ageing decreased pH values from 12.4 to 7.2, consequently affecting the leaching behaviour of most chemicals measured in the leachates. Levels of Ba, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Pb, K and Na decreased over the study period while those of Mg, Zn and SO4 increased. No clay minerals were detected by XRD and SEM analysis in either fresh or aged ashes. However, geochemical modelling indicated that such minerals may precipitate. The modelling also indicated that clay minerals like saponite, vermiculite, chrysotile and hydrotalcite were likely to precipitate in most leachates from ash aged for 3, 10 and 22 months. Smectite, montmorillonite and illite may precipitate in leachates of ash aged for 31 months. The formation of smectite, montmorillonite and vermiculite would be advantageous due to their very high cation exchange capacities, which would favour the stabilization/immobilization of heavy metals in the mineral phases.
Askor har egenskaper som kan användas, en del askor kan t ex användas vid konstruktion av tätskikt i en deponisluttäckning. En deponisluttäckning är en flerskiktskonstruktion som skyddar miljön från t.ex. växthusgaser från deponin och hindrar vatteninträngning till avfall. Naturliga täta material som lera, syntetiska som geomembraner eller bentonitmattor eller en kombination av dessa är vanligt förekommande i sluttäckningskonstruktioner på deponier. Eftersom differentialsättningar kan uppkomma och de syntetiska materialens livslängd är osäker, är det en fördel om tjocka mineraliska konstruktioner kan användas. För dessa är materialbehovet stort och det är en stor resursbesparing om alternativa material, som aska, kan användas.Aska utsätts för åldringsprocesser både när den deponeras eller användas som byggmaterial. Materialet genomgår fysiska, kemiska och mineralogiska förändringar orsakade av t.ex. variationer av temperatur och luftfuktighet, atmosfäriska gaser eller surt regn. Aska innehåller olika farliga och ofarliga kemiska föreningar. Därför måste försiktighetsåtgärder vidtas för att undvika läckage av tungmetaller i miljön. Befintliga och nybildade mineralfaser är främst ansvariga för immobilisering eller utlakning av olika metaller och salter. Nybildade mineralfaser som lermineraler är av stort intresse på grund av deras mycket höga katjonutbyteskapacitet, svällnings- och expansionsegenskaper. Förhållandena som råder i en deponisluttäckning förväntas gynna lermineralbildning.Denna avhandling är resultatet av studier av effekten av accelererad åldring på flygaska från energiutvinning. För att förutsäga stabiliteten i flygaska som används i ett deponitätskikt har laboratorieexperiment utförts för att studera effekterna av accelererad åldring under kontrollerade förhållanden. Ett reducerat faktorförsök har gjorts för att utvärdera påverkan av fem faktorer: koldioxid (CO2), temperatur, relativ luftfuktighet (RH), tid och kvalitet på tillsatt vatten. Inflytandet av dessa faktorer på mineralomvandlingen i askan, askans syraneutraliserande förmåga (ANC) och urlakningsbeteendet har analyserats och utvärderats med hjälp av bl a multivariat dataanalys. Mineraler (ettringit och hydrocalumit) som främjar fixeringen av farliga ämnen finns i både färsk aska och prover som åldrats under atmosfäriska förhållanden men försvann efter karbonatisering. Aska som åldrats under 20 % och 100 % CO2 hade kalcit, gips / anhydrit och vaterit som huvudmineraler. Förekomsten av gips och anhydrit var direkt relaterad till temperaturnivån som askan hade åldrats i. Aska som åldrades under 20 % CO2, 65 % RH, 30 °C temperatur (motsvarande förhållandena i en deponitäckning) hade kalcit och gips/bassanit som huvudmineraler. pH-värdena i proverna varierade från 7,2 till 7,6 vilket indikerar en långt fortskriden karbonatisering. Åldrandet sänkte pH-värdena från 12,4 till 7,2 och påverkar därmed urlakningsbeteendet för många lakvattenkomponenter. Barium, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Pb, K och Na minskade under tiden, medan Mg, Zn och SO4 ökade jämfört med den färska askan. Inga lermineraler upptäcktes med hjälp av XRD och SEM i varken färsk eller åldrad aska. Geokemisk modellering visade dock möjligheten för dessa mineraler att bildas och fällas ut. Lermineraler som saponit, vermikulit, krysotil och hydrotalcit kunde enligt beräkningarna bildas i lakvatten från de flesta proverna som åldrades i 3, 10 och 22 månader. Smectit, montmorillonit och illit kan bildas i lakvatten från 31 månaders åldrad aska. Bildning av smectit, montmorillonit och vermikulit skulle var värdefull på grund av deras mycket höga katjonutbyteskapacitet, vilket gynnar stabilisering / immobilisering av tungmetaller i askan.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101020 (evebra); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Avfallsteknik/Waste Science and Technology Examinator: Professor Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Britt-Marie Steenari, Chalmers tekniska högskola Tid: Onsdag den 17 november 2010 kl 09.30 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Attili, Bassam Saleem. "Manufacturer [Sic] of Densified-Refuse Derived Fuel (d-RDF) Pellets and Methods for the Determination of d-RDF Pellet Densities." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500977/.

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There are 150 million tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) annually produced in the United States, which is approximately equivalent to 150 million barrels of oil. MSW production is inexhaustible, and is increasing on an annual per capita basis of approximately three per cent. After controlling the moisture and adding a binder, the combustible portion of MSW was converted to pellets. The objects of this project were to 1) evaluate the binder, 2) prepare the pellets, and 3) evaluate the pellets with regard to density. The manufacture of pellets was conducted at the Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. The evaluation of the binders and the pellets was done at North Texas State University (NTSU). There were three procedures for measuring the density. The first, using water displacement, was from the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). The second, using wax coating, was also from ASTM. The third, using sharply-cut cylindrical pellets, was developed at NTSU.
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Robinson, Travis. "Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass and Refuse Derived Fuel." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33157.

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In Canadian remote northern communities most electricity is generated by burning diesel fuel. However, because it is expensive to import fuel into remote communities the cost of electricity is very high. Waste management is also difficult in remote northern communities. The goal of this thesis was to investigate the co-gasification of refuse waste materials and biomass as a means of reducing solid waste volumes while also using locally available materials for power generation. As part of this research, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was investigated as a potential means of characterizing refuse derived fuels (RDF). Laboratory sample preparation of RDF for TGA had not been thoroughly considered. Laboratory sample preparation is important since RDF is very heterogeneous compared to other solid fuels and since TGA typically requires a very small sample size. A TGA method was applied to a variety of materials prepared from a commercially available RDF using a variety of procedures. The repeatability of the experimental results was related to the sample preparation methods. Cryogenic ball milling was found to be an appropriate means of preparing RDF samples for TGA. Applicability of the TGA method to the determination of the renewable content of RDF was considered. Air-blown auto-thermal gasification experiments using materials representative of waste and biomass were performed at 725°C, 800°C, and 875°C, using a 0.15 m internal diameter bubbling fluidized bed gasifier located at NRCan CametENERGY in Ottawa, Ontario. Commercially prepared RDF and PET scrap were used to represent waste materials. Commercially produced hardwood pellets were used to represent biomass. The co-gasification of hardwood pellets and commercially produced RDF indicated that each fuel make a contribution to the results which is proportional to its fraction in the feed mixture. Inclusion of the RDF in the fuel mixture led to bed agglomeration at the 875°C temperature condition. Higher temperatures were found to provide better conversion of the fuel to gas, and the limitation which inclusion of RDF places on the operating temperature of the gasifier negatively affects conversion of biomass. Results obtained with RDF suggested that utilization of mixed waste for a thermal conversion process located in a Canadian remote northern community is probably not a viable option. It was then decided to target plastic waste in particular. Plastic could be source-separated, collected, and gasified alongside biomass. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is often used for food and beverage containers, was chosen to represent plastic. Initially, attempts were made to co-gasify mixtures of PET pellets and hardwood pellets. These attempts failed due to the formation of coke above the bed. To alleviate these problems hardwood-PET composite pellets were manufactured and these were gasified at 725°C, 800°C, and 875°C. Inclusion of PET in the pellets dramatically increased the amount of tar produced during gasification.
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Blanco, Sanchez Paula Helena. "Nickel based catalysts for hydrogen production from the pyrolysis/gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7414/.

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Hydrogen can be used as fuel for power generation; however current hydrogen production processes are not sustainable as they involve considerable CO2 emissions, and are mostly based on production from fossil fuels. Municipal solid waste (MSW) in the form of refuse derived fuel (RDF) can be subjected to thermal processes such as pyrolysis and/or gasification to produce a hydrogen rich syngas. Nevertheless some operational problems associated with tar formation arise, which significantly reduces the overall process yield. In this work a two-stage reaction system was used for hydrogen production and tar reduction, during the pyrolysis/gasification of RDF, using different types of catalysts. Firstly RDF was pyrolyzed at 600ºC, the pyrolysis gases were then passed through a second gasification stage where the catalytic steam reforming process took place at 800ºC, in order to generate hydrogen and promote tar cracking reactions. Different analytical techniques were used in this work to characterise RDF, product gases, tars/oils, and fresh/reacted catalysts. Initially two different Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared, and their catalytic activity towards hydrogen production and tar reduction were assessed during the pyrolysis/gasification of RDF. The results were compared with those obtained using a bed of sand. Using a 10 wt.% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, about 45 vol.% of hydrogen in the syngas was obtained together with other gases: CO2, CO, CH4, C2-C4. Also the condensed tar fraction was analysed and was found to contain polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) constituents included naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene as the major components. Additionally, diverse Ni/SiO2 catalysts were prepared using different synthesis methods, including sol-gel,impregnation and homogenous precipitation. Among the catalysts tested for tar reduction, a 20wt.% Ni/SiO2 catalyst presented the highest activity resulting in a tar concentration of 0.15mgtar g-1RDF; PAH and oxygenated tar compounds were also identified within the analysed samples. For the catalysts tested in relation to hydrogen production, using a 10wt.% Ni/SiO2 catalyst prepared by homogeneous precipitation-sol-gel based method, resulted in a H2 concentration of 59 vol.%. Finally different Fe/SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 catalysts were prepared using nano-porous silica as the oxide support. Better catalyst activity in relation to H2 production was observed for the Ni/SiO2 catalysts. However the maximum H2 concentration obtained was around 44 vol.%. It was found that using calcination temperatures higher than 700ºC, both the surface area and the catalytic activity for hydrogen production was diminished for this series of catalysts.
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Basov, Mykhailo. "Návrh roštového kotle s přirozenou cirkulací na spalování RDF." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319264.

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This thesis deals with a project of steam boiler to combustion of refused-derived fuel. Considering the required fuel and output parameters of the steam was made the thermal calculation of boiler with it design and an individual calculation of heat exchange surfaces; hydrodynamic and aerodynamic calculations of the steam boiler.
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Sampaio, Raquel Paschoal. "Estudo de caso dos possíveis efeitos deletérios causados pelo combustível derivado de resíduos (CDR) em caldeiras voltadas a produção de energia elétrica queimando principalmente bagaço de cana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-20072015-152703/.

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O estado de São Paulo produz cerca de 58.700 t/dia de resíduos dividido pelos seus 645 municípios nas vizinhanças de aproximadamente 170 usinas de açúcar e álcool. Diante deste fato, é evidente o potencial para se fazer o uso consorciado destes dois combustíveis na geração de energia. Este trabalho investigou os possíveis efeitos deletérios que a presença de cloro, flúor, sódio e potássio possam trazer nas caldeiras voltadas para a produção de energia elétrica, utilizando bagaço de cana e combustível derivado de resíduo (CDR). Foi realizada uma busca criteriosa na literatura internacional a fim de possíveis efeitos deletérios em caldeiras de biomassa para a produção de energia em razão do uso consorciado de resíduo, no aspecto da integridade da caldeira, principalmente no papel desempenhado pelos elementos, cloro, flúor, sódio e potássio, e em seguida uma análise criteriosa dos resultados encontrados. Esta análise foi realizada através de um estudo de caso, considerando uma caldeira de leito fluidizado borbulhante (BFB) de 60MW, queimando bagaço e parte do resíduo de uma cidade de 600.000 habitantes. Verificou-se que o resíduo que a cidade produz pode ser transformado em CDR que irá alimentar a caldeira como combustível auxiliar, produzindo energia elétrica de forma limpa e sustentável. Um parâmetro utilizado para se definir a quantidade máxima de CDR queimada na caldeira, foi o cloro específico, calculado pela razão entre o teor de cloro e o poder calorífico inferior (PCI) do combustível. Com base na literatura encontrada, limitou-se o cloro específico em 40 mg/MJ, para que não haja danos a integridade do equipamento. A combustão consorciada de bagaço de cana e CDR pode ser uma alternativa para o estado de São Paulo reduzir o problema da falta de aterros para descarte de resíduos e uma possibilidade para as usinas de açúcar e álcool produzirem energia elétrica por um período mais extenso no ano, economizando bagaço de cana.
The state of São Paulo produces about 58,700 tons/day waste divided by its 645 municipalities in the vicinity of about 170 sugar and alcohol mills. Given this fact, the potential is evident to make the consortium use of these two fuels in power generation. This paper investigated the potential deleterious effects that the presence of chlorine, fluoride, sodium and potassium can bring the boilers focused on the production of electric power using bagasse and refuse derived fuel (RDF). A thorough search in the international literature with the view to possible deleterious effects on biomass boilers for power generation because of consortium use of residue in the boiler integrity aspect, particularly the role played by the elements chlorine, fluorine, sodium and potassium, and then a careful analysis of the results. This analysis was conducted through a case study, considering a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler of 60 MW, burning bagasse and part of the residue of a city of 600,000 inhabitants. It was found that the residue that the city produces can be turned into RDF which will feed the boiler as an auxiliary fuel, producing electricity in a clean and sustainable manner. A parameter used to set the maximum amount of burned RDF in the boiler, was the specific chlorine, measured by the ratio between the chlorine content and the lower heating value (LHV) of the fuel. Based on the literature found, the specific chlorine was limited to 40 mg/MJ, so there is no damage to the integrity of the equipment. The consortium combustion of bagasse and RDF can be an alternative to the state of São Paulo reduce the problem of landfills for waste disposal and a possibility for the sugar and alcohol mills producing electric power for a longer period in the year, saving bagasse.
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Ševčík, Martin. "NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUEL : Classification of waste material components using hyperspectral imaging and feasibility study of inorganic chlorine content quantification." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42376.

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This degree project focused on examining new possible application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative characterization of refuse derived fuel (RDF). Particularly, two possible applications were examined as part of the project. Firstly, use of NIR hyperspectral imaging for classification of common materials present in RDF. The classification was studied on artificial mixtures of materials commonly present in municipal solid waste and RDF. Data from hyperspectral camera was used as an input for machine learning models to train them, validate them, and test them. Three classification machine learning models were used in the project; partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and radial basis neural network (RBNN). Best results for classifying the materials into 11 distinct classes were reached for SVM (accuracy 94%), even though its high computational cost makes it not very suitable for real-time deployment. Second best result was reached for RBNN (91%) and the lowest accuracy was recorded for PLS-DA model (88%). On the other hand, the PLS-DA model was the fastest, being 10 times faster than the RBNN and 100 times faster than the SVM. NIR spectroscopy was concluded as a suitable method for identification of most common materials in RDF mix, except for incombustible materials like glass, metals, or ceramics. The second part of the project uncovered a potential in using NIR spectroscopy for identification of inorganic chlorine content in RDF. Experiments were performed on samples of textile impregnated with a water solution of kitchen salt representing NaCl as inorganic chlorine source. Results showed that contents of 0.2-1 wt.% of salt can be identified in absorbance spectra of the samples. Limitation appeared to be water content of the examined samples, as with too large amount of water in the sample, the influence of salt on NIR absorbance spectrum of water was too small to be recognized.
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Waite, Ian Vowles. "Refuse-derived fuel for electricity generation in the UK." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323891.

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Haj-Mahmoud, Qasem M. (Qasem Mohammed). "Pyrolysis Capillary Chromatography of Refuse-Derived Fuel and Aquatic Fulvic Acids." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331124/.

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Pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography combined with FID, ECD and MS detection were used to characterize refuse-derived fuel and aquatic fulvic acids. Different pyrolysis methods and programs were evaluated. Pyrolysis temperatures of 700-800°C produced the strongest signal for organics present in RDF and fulvic acid. Cellulose and fatty acids pyrolyzates were identifiable by GC-MS following preparative pyrolysis fractionation. At organic chloride content of 0.023%, only three halogenated compounds were detected in the GC-MS of the fractions. None of the priority pollutants were detected at lower detection limit of 0.72 to 24 mg/ kg RDF. Selective solvent extraction improves the reproduciblities of the technique and allows the detection of polymeric structures. Pyrograms of polyvinyl chloride and regular typing paper showed some common peaks that are present in the RDF pyrogram. About 65% of the peaks in the RDF pyrogram might be of paper origin. The organic chloride content of the RDF was evaluated by ion chromatography of the trapped pyrolyzates in 2% NaOH trap and it was found to be 221 mg Cl/ kg dry RDF. Pyrolysis conditions and temperature programs for FA were systematically evaluated. Samples included purified FA, methylated FA and HPLC separated fractions. Characteristic pyrograms were developed. Profiles of benzene, toluene, phenol, m-cresol and biphenyl from FA were evaluated. The production of phenol was the largest at 800°C, at concentration of 1.61 mg per gram of FA pyrolyzed. The profiles of benzene and toluene followed the same pathways. Both pyrolyzates had at least two precursors. HPLC fractions of FA showed some regular retention patterns characteristic of polymeric material. DL-proline, seriene and vanillic acid pyrograms showed some peaks with the same retention times as those in FA pyrogram under the same conditions. A reproducibility of 6% relative standard deviation was achieved in the pyrolysis of RDF and 0.91% in the case of FA.
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Brooks, Cheryl L. (Cheryl Leigh). "An Analysis of Refuse Derived Fuel as an Environmentally Acceptable Fuel Alternative for the Cement Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504331/.

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Resource recovery is an attractive alternative to the waste disposal problem. The chief by-product of this process, refuse derived fuel (RDF) can be co-fired in traditional coal burning facilities. The cement industry is a potential user of RDF. This study, based on a test burn done at Texas Industries Inc. in Midlothian, Texas, demonstrated the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of using RDF fuel in a cement kiln. Technically, the cement showed no deleterious effects when RDF was substituted for coal/natural gas at 20% by Btu content. Environmentally, acid rain gases were reduced. Economically, RDF was shown to be a cost effective fuel substitute if a resource recovery facility was erected on site.
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Books on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

1

Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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(Japan), Shōbō Kenkyūjo. RDF kasai ni kansuru kenkyū hōkokusho: Heisei 15-nendo. [Mitaka-shi]: Shōbō Kenkyūjo, 2006.

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Rising, Bruce. Emissions assessment for refuse-derived fuel combustion. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Thorndyke, S. J. Evaluation of a prototype RDF pyrolyser for Ontario Ministry of Energy. Mississauga, ON: Ontario Research Foundation, 1986.

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Willey, C. R. Demonstration test of refuse-derived fuel as a supplemental fuel in cement kilns. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Craig, Saltiel, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fuels and Combustion Technologies Division. Fuels Processing and Alternative Fuels Subcommittee., and International Joint Power Generation Conference (1991 : San Diego, Calif.), eds. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF)--quality, standards, and processing: Presented at the 1991 International Joint Power Generation Conference, October 6-10, 1991, San Diego, California. New York, N.Y: ASME, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

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Ribeiro, André, Margarida Soares, Carlos Castro, André Mota, Jorge Araújo, Cândida Vilarinho, and Joana Carvalho. "Waste-to-Energy Technologies Applied for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Valorisation." In Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship, 641–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91334-6_87.

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Buekens, Alfons. "Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Incineration Technologies, 71–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5752-7_6.

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Riseth, Jan Åge, and Yngve Torbergsen. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of an Alternative Waste Treatment in Northern Norway. Use of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) instead of Coal in an Industrial Process. A Preliminary Analysis." In Economy & Environment, 83–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3544-5_5.

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Hasselriis, Floyd, and Patrick F. Mahoney. "Waste-to-Energy waste-to-energy (WTE) using Refuse-Derived Fuel Waste-to-Energy using Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11787–827. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_400.

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Hasselriis, Floyd, and Patrick F. Mahoney. "Waste-to-Energy waste-to-energy (WTE) using Refuse-Derived Fuel Waste-to-Energy using Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Renewable Energy Systems, 1561–603. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_400.

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Levie, Benjamin, James P. Diebold, and Ronald West. "Pyrolysis of Single Pellets of Refuse Derived Fuel." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 312–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_24.

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Klavins, Maris, Dmitry Porsnov, Valdis Bisters, Juris Kalviss, and Raivo Damkevics. "Refuse Derived Fuel Gasification Possibilities in Small Scale Units." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 945–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_274.

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Musse, Dawit, Wondwossen Bogale, and Berhanu Assefa. "Modeling of Gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel: Optimizations and Experimental Investigations." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 82–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_7.

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Kim, Dong-Won, Jong-Min Lee, and Jae-Sung Kim. "Co-Combustion of Refuse Derived Fuel with Anthracites in a CFB Boiler." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 262–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_37.

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Attili, Bassam S., Kevin D. Ingram, Chia-Hui Tai, and Kenneth E. Daugherty. "Trace Metal Analysis of Fly Ash from Combustion of Densified Refuse-Derived Fuel and Coal." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 199–211. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch016.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Gasification Using Different Gasifying Agents." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71268.

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Wastes represent nowadays, one of the major concerns for modern societies and for the environment, either by the wastage of raw materials and also by the existence of poor management systems that can originate and contaminate the ground water and air, and therefore, change the environment irreversibly. Waste management policies enhance the basic principles of prevention, which are the reduction in origin, followed by its recovery through recycling or energy recovery, in order to reduce the environmental and health impacts of wastes. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a solid fuel made after basic processing steps or techniques that increase the calorific value of municipal solid waste (MSW), commercial or industrial waste materials. Therefore, energy production from RDF can provide economic and environmental benefits, as reduces the amount of wastes sent to landfill and allows the energy recovery from a renewable source. In this work, it was studied the gasification of RDF collected in a Portuguese company, using steam and air as gasifying agents. This study intended to evaluate the effect of temperature and different molar ratios of both agents in gas production, gas composition and mass conversion of RDF. Physical and chemical composition of RDF was determined according to EN 15359:2011. Results showed that RDF has high quality for thermal valorization being registered high values of Low Heating Value (LHV) (24330 kJ/kg), carbon content (56.2%) and volatile matter content (77.2%). Experiments of RDF gasification were performed in a laboratory scale fixed bed gasifier, under different conditions. The effect of reaction temperature was studied at 750°C and 850°C. Gasification experiments with steam were executed at S/B feeding molar ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 and the ones performed with air ranging from ER 0.2 to 0.6. Results showed that, for the same operational conditions, the rise of gasification temperature improved gas production ratio (Nm3/kg RDF), gas LHV and mass conversion. Results also proved that steam gasification achieved higher LHV values compared with gasification using air in optimal conditions, 9.4 and 9.8 MJ/m3, respectively. The gasification of RDF using steam at S/B ratio of 1.0 enables the production of syngas with 51% of hydrogen (H2), 32% of carbon dioxide (CO2), 11% of carbon monoxide (CO) and 6% of methane (CH4) (in N2 free basis). The increasing of steam to RDF molar ratio, increased the contents of H2 and CO2, while the content of CO, CH4 and heating value decreased. Regarding to gas production ratio the utilization of air, especially at ER of 0.6, induced the formation of 1.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Instead, steam gasification only allowed the production of 0.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Mass conversion and carbon conversion achieved almost 100% in air gasification at highest molar ratio.
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Bülow, C. "Small decentralised thermal power stations for Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080071.

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Corti, A., and L. Lombardi. "Life cycle assessment approach for refuse derived fuel (RDF) systems for Tuscany." In Environmental Health Risk 2001. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr010281.

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Garlets, G., S. Mahar, and D. Vesley. "317. Characterization of Bioaerosols in Work Areas at Two Refuse-Derived Fuel (Rdf) Facilities." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764992.

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Pethe, Samit J., Michael L. Britt, and Scott A. Morrison. "Carbon Monoxide Emission Improvements From Combustion System Upgrades at the Wheelabrator Portsmouth Refuse Derived Fuel Plant." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7003.

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Wheelabrator Technologies Inc. (WTI) operates a waste-to-energy facility in Portsmouth, Virginia. At full capacity, a total of 2,000 tons/day of refuse derived fuel (RDF) can be fired in four identical boilers to generate a total of 600,000 lb/hr of steam and 60 MW of electricity. The boilers were originally designed to co-fire RDF and coal; however, coal burning capability was removed a few years after commissioning. The plant provides all of the process/heating steam and the majority of the electrical power to the nearby Norfolk Naval Shipyard. Historically, the boilers had not been able to reliably achieve carbon monoxide (CO) emissions compliance. CO emissions experienced during normal boiler operation would be more than twice the mandated emission limit. WTI’s goal was to improve the boilers’ CO emissions performance while achieving sustained boiler operation at higher steam generation and RDF firing rates. WTI contracted Jansen Combustion and Boiler Technologies, Inc. (JANSEN) to evaluate the operation of the boilers, to assess the overall feasibility of meeting WTI’s goals, and to develop design concepts to overcome boiler limitations. The project was initiated by an engineering site visit where boiler operating data was collected and evaluated to develop a baseline of boiler operation. Current and new combustion system arrangements were evaluated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. The results confirmed that the root cause of the poor CO emissions performance was the inadequate penetration and mixing of the original overfire air (OFA) system (comprised of multiple rows of small ports on the front and rear furnace walls). CFD modeling also showed increased CO emissions to result from non-uniform RDF delivery profiles generated by the original fuel distributors that were installed at a high elevation over the grate. Modeling of the furnace with larger and fewer OFA nozzles placed on the side walls in an interlaced pattern, and the installation of “new-style” RDF distributors at a lower elevation where the boiler’s original coal distributors formerly were located was shown to significantly improve CO burnout. From December 2010 to May 2011, the new combustion systems were installed on all four boilers. Subsequent testing has shown that CO levels have been lowered by more than 70% and boiler availability has been significantly improved. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, although slightly higher following the upgrade, are still within the NOx compliance limit. This paper describes the process that led to a successful project, including: data collection and analyses, CFD modeling, equipment design and supply, operator training, and start-up assistance.
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Zhang, Jun, Kunlei Liu, Wei-Ping Pan, John T. Riley, and Yiqian Xu. "Characterization of Ash Deposition During Co-Combustion of Coal With Refuse-Derived Fuels in a Pilot FBC Facility." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-099.

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This paper presents data from a recent investigation of the character of ash deposition in the convective zone (547°C to 338°C) in a 0.1 MWth bench-scale FBC system at Western Kentucky University. The ash deposit samples were collected during co-firing experiments using two coals with various blends of a refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A low sulfur coal, a high sulfur coal, and commercially available RDF sample were selected to investigate the influence of sulfur and chlorine in the fuels on the formation of ash deposits. Limestone was added to the combustor as the bed material and desulfurization sorbent. The results showed that the formation of ash deposits had a close relationship to the active fine lime particles produced from the limestone. An increase in the concentration of SOx in the flue gas restricts the formation of the ash deposits because of the reaction between SOx and the fine lime particles, which drops the adhesive force of the fine lime particles by reducing the contact area among the particles. With an increase in the content of the RDF in the fuels, the rate of deposit of ash decreased because of the higher content of chlorine and aluminum, which also decreased the contact area among the particles, leading to a low deposition rate of the fly ash.
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Abrams, Richard F., Kevin Toupin, John T. Costa, and Ned Popovic. "2,400 Tons Per Day Refuse Derived Fuel Facility With Advanced Boiler and Air Pollution Control Systems." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3549.

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A greenfield Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility in Alliance Ohio will process 2,400 Tons Per Day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Construction & Demolition Debris (C&D). The Ohio EPA has issued the final air permit for the facility. There will be two equipment trains to handle the material each consisting of Riley Power’s Advanced Stoker™ boiler, Turbosorp® dry scrubber, and Regenerative Selective Catalytic Reduction (RSCR®) nitrogen oxides (NOx) control system. The key parts of the “chute to stack” equipment represent a significant advancement in technology when compared to past facilities, as demonstrated by the designation by the State of Ohio as an “Advanced Energy Project”. The Riley Advanced Stoker™ boiler has unique design features to ensure high efficiency, corrosion resistance, and fuel flexibility while at relatively low cost. The use of the Turbosorp will result in lower emissions of lead, other volatile heavy metals, and mercury than for a typical spray dryer/baghouse (SDA) system. Acid gas removal is also superior to an SDA system while utilizing less lime reagent and power. The RSCR follows the Turbosorp as a “low dust” SCR but with auxiliary energy consumption about 85% lower than a typical low dust, tail end SCR. The RSCR will reduce NOx and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions to low values when compared to other facilities producing energy from waste. This paper will describe the design basis for the system including fuels to be processed, steam flow and conditions, and emissions. A detailed description of the technologies will also be presented.
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KAHAWALAGE, AMILA CHANDRA, MORTEN C. MELAAEN, and LARS-ANDRÉ TOKHEIM. "SUBSTITUTION OF COAL BY REFUSE DERIVED FUELS (RDF) IN THE PRECALCINER OF A CEMENT KILN SYSTEM." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus170391.

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Swithenbank, Jim. "SUWIC Innovations in Thermal Waste to Energy Technologies." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2199.

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Sustainable cities require the generation of electrical energy from those fractions of wastes that cannot be economically reused or recycled, including the “carbon dioxide neutral” biomass components. The energy content of these solid materials can be recovered by burning directly or after processing into refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Alternatively, the combustion process can be staged by the production of intermediate fuels using either pyrolysis or gasification. Co-processing of the material with coal generally increases plant utilisation and thus reduces costs.
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Egosi, Nathiel G., Mark E. Raabe, Robert Weidner, and Gary A. Freel. "Plant Upgrade: Recovery of Non-Ferrous Metals From a Municipal RDF Facility." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3510.

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The City of Ames, IA (City) processes 220 tons per day of municipal solid waste (MSW) at their Arnold O. Chantland Resource Recovery System (RRS). This facility is depicted in Figure 1. The objectives of this facility have both an economic and an environmental component: to reduce the amount of MSW that is otherwise disposed in their local landfill, thereby increasing the life of the landfill; and produce refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to reduce the amount of coal consumed at the City’s municipal electrical generating station. [Note: Approximately 70% of the MSW is converted into RDF, comprising 10 to 20% of the feedstock to the generating station.]
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Reports on the topic "Refuse derived fuel (RDF)"

1

Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 2. Appendixes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173981.

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Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 3. RDF Cost Model Manual. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173982.

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Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 1. Project Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173980.

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Paisley, M. A., K. S. Creamer, T. L. Tweksbury, and D. R. Taylor. Gasification of refuse derived fuel in the Battelle high throughput gasification system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5653025.

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Churney, K. L., and T. J. Buckley. Sulfur dioxide capture in the combustion of mixtures of lime, refuse-derived fuel, and coal. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4443.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 3: Appendices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180124.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 1: Test methodology and results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180121.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 2: Field data and laboratory analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180119.

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Phase 1, Background study results under the Council of Great Lake Governors program to perform stack sampling and analysis of emissions from densified refuse derived fuels (d-RDF). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6774660.

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Results of emissions testing while burning densified refuse derived fuel, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6391457.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Refuse derived fuel (RDF)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
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