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Tang, Chao. "Model estimations of possible climate changes of surface solar radiation at regional scales over Southern Africa and the South West Indian Ocean." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0055/document.
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Les variations du rayonnement solaire en surface (SSR) peuvent avoir un impact significatif sur divers aspects du système climatique, et notamment sur le développement socio-économique d’un pays. Pour identifier les impacts possibles du changement climatique sur le rayonnement solaire en surface à l'échelle régionale (~ 50 km) en Afrique australe jusqu'à la fin du 21ème siècle, on a analysé les données mensuelles produites dans le cadre du projet CORDEX-Afrique sur la période 1979-2099. Ces données sont issues des sorties de 5 modèles régionaux de climat (RCM) forcés par 10 modèles globaux de climat (GCM) CMIP5, pour deux scénarios d’émissions, RCP4.5 et RCP8.5, en Afrique australe (SA) et sur une partie du SWIO (0-40°S ; 0- 60°E). Pour contribuer au projet futur proposé qui vise à approfondir l'étude des changements de SSR à l'échelle locale (~ 1 km de résolution horizontale) à l'île de la Réunion et à l'île Maurice, situées dans le Sud-ouest de l'océan Indien (SWIO), près du bord d’Est du domaine CORDEX-Afrique, des simulations climatiques ont été réalisées sur trois fenêtres temporelles de 10 ans : a) le passé 1996-2005 ; et b) le futur 2046-2055 et 2090-2099, en utilisant la version 4 du RCM RegCM (RegCM4), forcé par : 1) les réanalyses climatiques ERA-Interim (ERAINT) du centre européen pour les prévisions météorologiques à moyen terme (ECMWF) pour simuler un passé récent seulement ; et 2) deux GCMs (HadGEM2-ES et GFDL-ESM2M) de l’exercice CMIP5 de simulations du climat passé et futur pour le scénario d’émissions RCP8.5 à l’échelle régionale de 50km en Afrique australe et dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien (0-40°S ; 0- 100°E). L’analyse de l’impact du changement climatique sur le SSR sur la base de ces simulations reste cependant limitée, à cause de leur couverture temporelle (3 périodes de 10 ans) et du nombre de modèles (2 GCMs, 1 RCM) et de scénarios (1 RCP) utilisés. Il ressort de l’analyse des simulations de l’ensemble CORDEX-Afrique que : 1) sur la période passée récente, les GCMs forceurs surestiment généralement SSR d'environ 1 W/m2 en été austral (DJF : Décembre-Janvier-Février), et de 7,5 W/m2 en hiver austral (JJA : Juin-Juillet-Août), tandis que les RCMs, forcés par ces GCMs, sous-estiment SSR d'environ -32 W/m2 et de -14 W/m2 en été et en hiver, respectivement. 2) Les projections multi-modèles de changement de SSR simulées par les RCMs et leurs GCMs forceurs sont assez cohérentes. Les GCMs prévoient, en moyenne multi-modèles, une augmentation statistiquement significative de SSR d'environ 8 W/m2 en 2099 selon le scénario RCP4.5 et de 12 W/m2 en 2099 selon le scénario RCP8.5 sur le Centre de l’Afrique australe (SA-C), et une diminution de SSR, avec un degré de confiance élevé, d'environ -5 W/m2 en 2099 selon le scénario RCP4.5 et de -10 W/m2 en 2099 selon le scénario RCP8.5, pendant la saison DJF, en Afrique équatoriale (EA-E). Dans ces deux régions, les RCMs produisent, en moyenne multi-modèles, des tendances similaires (avec un degré de confiance élevé) à celles des GCMs, mais sur des zones d’extension spatiale plus faible que celle des GCMs. Cependant, pour la saison JJA, une augmentation de SSR, d'amplitude similaire dans les simulations GCMs et RCMs (~5 W/m2 en 2099 selon le scénario RCP4.5 et 10 W/m2 selon le scénario RCP8.5), est attendue dans la région EA-E. 3). Une diminution significative de la nébulosité (environ -6% en 2099) est attendue sur le continent sud-africain pour les GCMs comme pour les RCMs. 4) Le scénario RCP8.5 produit des changements d’amplitude supérieure de 2.5W/m2 pour les GCMs forceurs et de 5W/m2 pour les RCMs en 2099 à celle pour le scénario RCP4.5. 5). Comme pour les sorties du modèle RegCM4, les structures des biais ou des changements de SSR issu des RCMs du programme CORDEX-Afrique sont globalement corrélées avec celles de couverture nuageuse totale des RCMs. L’analyse des sorties du modèle RegCM4 indique que :Changes in Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) have the potential to significantly impact diverse aspects of the climate system, and notably the socio-economic development of any nation. To identify the possible impacts of climate change on SSR at regional scales (~50 km) over Southern Africa and the South West Indian Ocean (SA-SWIO; 0-40°S ; 0- 100°E) up to the end of the 21st century, a slice downscaling experiment consisting of simulations covering three temporal windows: a) the present 1996-2005; b) the future 2046-2055 and 2090-2099 conducted with the Regional Climate Model (RCM) RegCM version 4, driven by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis (ERAINT, only present) and 2 Global Climate Model (GCMs: HadGEM2-ES and GFDL-ESM2M) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under RCP8.5 scenario, are performed and evaluated. Since the slice simulation is of limited temporal coverage, number of regional and driven global models and climate change forcings, mainly because of the limit of available computational resources, the study towards a comprehensive knowledge of SSR changes in context of climate change is thus extended: an ensemble consisting of outputs from 20 regional climate downscaling realisations based on 5 RCMs that participated in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) program (CORDEX-Africa) along with their 10 driving GCMs from CMIP5 covering southern Africa (0-40°S; 0- 100°E) during the period of 1990-2099 is analyzed under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 up to 2099.The slice experiment indicates that 1) RegCM4 simulates present-day seasonal climatology, (surface air temperature, precipitation and SSR) quite well, but has a negative total cloud cover bias (about -20% in absolute percentage) when forced by the ERAINT and the two GCMs. 2) Internal variability of RegCM4-simulated annual means SSR (about 0.2 W/m2) is of one order smaller than the model bias compared with reference data. 3) RegCM4 simulates SSR changes in opposite signs when driven by the different GCMs under RCP8.5 scenario. 4) Electricity potential calculated using first-order estimation based on the RegCM simulations indicates a change less then 2% to 2099 with respect on present level.It is also found from the ensemble study that: 1) GCMs ensemble generally overestimates SSR by about 1 W/m2 in austral summer (December, January, and February, short as DJF) and 7.5 W/m2 in austral winter (June, July and August, short as JJA), while RCMs ensemble mean shows underestimations of SSR by about -32 W/m2 and -14 W/m2 in summer and winter seasons respectively when driven by GCMs. 2) Multi-model mean projections of SSR change patterns simulated by the GCMs and their embedded RCMs are fairly consistent. 3) GCMs project, in their multi-model means, a statistically significant increase of SSR of about 8 W/m2 in RCP4.5 and 12 W/m2 in RCP8.5 by 2099 over Centre Southern Africa (SA-C) and a highly confident decreasing SSR over Eastern Equatorial Africa (EA-E) of about -5 W/m2 in RCP4.5 and -10 W/m2 in RCP8.5 during the DJF season. RCMs simulate SSR change with statistical confidence over SA-C and EA-E area as well with a little spatial extension compared to GCMs. However, in the JJA season, an increase of SSR is found over EA-E of about 5 W/m2 by 2099 under RCP4.5 and 10 W/m2 under RCP8.5, of similar amplitudes in both the GCMs and RCMs simulations. 4) Significant cloudiness decrease (about -6 % to 2099) is found over continent of SA for GCMs and also shown in RCMs. 5) Larger SSR changes are found in the RCP8.5 scenario than in the RCP4.5 scenario in 2099, with about 2.5 W/m2 enhanced changes in GCMs and about 5 W/m2 in RCMs. 6) Either the biases or the changes pattern of SSR are overall correlated with the patterns of total cloud cover from RCMs in CORDEX-Africa program (for RegCM4 as well). The slice experiment indicates that
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Tan, Qian. "Investigations of the Emissions and Fate of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants from East Asia Using Regional On-line and Off-line Chemistry-Climate Modeling System." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5185.
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The work presented in this thesis document reflects the results of a study carried out to better quantify the magnitude and fate of the anthropogenic air pollutants emitted from East Asia.
Simulations of anthropogenic sulfur compounds by a regional on-line coupled chemistry-climate model suggest that large portions of East Asia have high SOx concentrations, and most subregions within East Asia are net exporters of SOx (SO2+SO4) (i.e. the anthropogenic S emissions from the region are greater than the deposition to the region). Among them, China is responsible for ~ 85% of the total emissions, and ~ 50 % of its total emitted SOx is exported to locations outside its borders.
During the later winter to early spring when the continental outflow conditions predominate, about 20% of the total emitted SOx within the investigated area has been exported to North Pacific Ocean based on our model simulations. Those exported anthropogenic SOx from East Asia (mainly in the form of sulfate) is likely large enough to perturb the sulfate aerosol concentration over the North Pacific Ocean.
Our investigation by integrating numerical simulations through a regional off-line full chemistry transport model, which is driven by the meteorological conditions calculated by a regional climate model, with field measurements of both gaseous and particulate species at a rural site adjacent to the largest industrialized area in China suggests that CO emissions from China, especially eastern China are likely underestimated by ~ 50 % in the current East Asia anthropogenic emission inventories. In addition, a 60-90 % underestimation of particulate carbonaceous emission in the inventories is suggested. Further statistical diagnoses, together with the back-trajectory analysis show that the missing CO sources are likely associated with SO2 sources that are already accounted for in the current inventories. This in turn suggests the emission factors of coal-combustors used in the current inventories are likely underestimated.
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Abdallah, Wissam. "Gudsstyre? : En fallstudie av Irans regim." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2424.
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The aim of this Master´s thesis is to examine which type of regime the state Iran is. There has been much research on this issue and the discussion is not over yet. I have departed from three theoretical perspectives in order to understand which type of regime the Middle Eastern nation is: theocracy, democracy and hybrid regime. The theocratic regimetype is composed by David L. Websters archeological theory about governments ruled by God. For the democratic theory in this study Robert Dahls analytical framework about democracy and polyarchy is used. The hybrid regime is mainly represented by Andreas Schedler indicators. A qualitative case study approach is used for the purpose of this study where I have constructed an analytical framework containing indicators in order to apply these on the three regime models. The results and conclusion I can draw from this study is that Iran is more like a hybrid regime. However, there are several reservations and there need to be more studies to qualify this suggestion.
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Borgström, Ola. "Frihetens regim : Nyliberal subjektivering hos Foucault." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26784.
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This paper focuses on the role freedom plays in Michel Foucault’s analyze of liberal and particularely neoliberal governmentalities. From his perspective, neoliberalism operates through the strategic production of entrepreneural subjectivity and distribution of self-governing. Here autonomy is central for governing, which raises questions about what freedom can mean at all in Foucault, and how resistance can be possible. Through Foucault’s thinking on liberal freedom, we can gain a better understanding of his philosophy on subjectivation and resistance.
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Nordlund, Jacob. "Hydromorfologisk regim för Ålands kustvatten och sjöar." Thesis, Institutionen för akvatiska resurser; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255141.
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Physical pressure caused by human activity is a significant and growing environmental problem that has a major impact on aquatic environments and habitats. To deal with this problem, the EU Water Framework Directive demands that hydromorphological status assessment of surface waters be implemented by all member states as part of the ecological status assessment. The aim of this thesis was to develop a method for assessing the hydromorphological status in lakes and coastal waters of Åland in accordance with the WFD guidelines, and to perform the status assessment of two water bodies according to the developed method. An evaluation manual based on three quality factors – connectivity, hydrological regime and morphological conditions – and associated parameters was developed from a combination of WFD parameters, Swedish and Finnish assessment criteria and custom solutions. The assessment parameters were adapted to local conditions as well as available data and the assessment was conducted using GIS to ensure consistent and time-efficient execution. In accordance with the developed manual, the assessment was carried out for the coastal water body, Västra Hamnen, and Lake Långsjön. Lake Långsjön received a hydromorphological status of “good”, the primary pressure being a small regulation dam adjacent to the water body. As expected, Västra Hamnen showed a greater physical impact due to hydrodynamic effects caused by ship traffic and a road embankment, as well as a greater morphological impact due to artificial shoreline and land use in the surrounding area. As a result, Västra Hamnen received a hydromorphological status of “unsatisfactory”. The results of the project show that an assessment of the hydromorphological status of the surface waters of Åland is not only possible with the data currently available, but can be conducted in a resource and time efficient way using GIS and will facilitate the assessment of all of Åland’s lakes and coastal waters according to WFD guidelines. This report will: form the basis for reporting to the EU; account for both the methodology that will be used for hydromorphological status assessment on Åland and for the outcome of the assessment of the selected water bodies; and provide guidance for the further assessment of hydromorphological status. The method used has a promising future in development and extension opportunities as new research becomes available, and will put Åland at the forefront of hydromorphological assessment in Europe.
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Crick, Julia Catherine Geoffroi de Monmouth. "The "Historia Regum Britannie" of Geoffrey of Monmouth." Cambridge : D. S. Brewer, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35478702r.
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Cardoso, Daniela de Almeida. "Imigração : medidas legais que regem a imigração brasileira em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20700.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEsta dissertação é dedicada à compreensão do processo de imigração dos brasileiros para Portugal. Optou-se por abordar as motivações resultantes de fatores de ordem legal que levaram imigrantes a escolherem Portugal como país de destino. Propõe-se um foco no Brasil, associado ao papel executado pelo Estado, tanto brasileiro quanto português nesta questão. Recorreu-se à revisão teórica sobre a imigração, ao histórico da imigração brasileira para Portugal, às medidas legais que propiciaram a imigração dos brasileiros para Portugal e, por fim, às possíveis implicações que podem ocorrer nos processos de imigração devido à propagação da pandemia de COVID-19.
This dissertation is aimed at understanding the immigration process of Brazilians to Portugal We chose to address the motivations resulting from legal factors that led immigrants to choose Portugal as their destination country. It is focused on Brazil associated with the role played by the State, both Brazilian and Portuguese in this matter. Theoretical review on immigration was used, the history of Brazilian immigration to Portugal, the legal measures that led to the immigration of Brazilians to Portugal and, finally, the possible implications that may occur to the immigration processes due to the spread of the pandemic COVID-19.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Roos, Hanna. "Mot en effektiv regim: ett problem med Global Ocean Governance." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21768.
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Global Ocean Governance (GOG) är till för att styra och organisera aktörers nyttjande av havens resurser som inte täcks av nationell lagstiftning på ett hållbart sätt. Men efter årtionden av staters förbiseende av regimen för ett hållbart nyttjande som främst FNs Generalförsamling (UNGA) ämnat skapa, har regimen inte fungerat. Även om stater rationellt skulle gynnas av att samarbeta för ett hållbart nyttjande av havens resurser genom ett moratorium av bottentrålfiske i internationellt vatten, har detta inte skett. Det är alltså tydligt att regimen inte fungerar. Frågan är varför - det vill säga hur regimen brister i att säkerställa ett hållbart nyttjande av havens resurser. För att ta reda på hur regimen brister krävs en undersökning av regimens (in)effektivitet.Det finns ingen konsensus mellan regimteoretiker av vad som utgör en (in)effektiv regim och hur en regims effektivitet kan mätas. Denna studies huvudsakliga bidrag till den vetenskapliga forskningen är att bidra med information om vad som utgör en effektiv respektive ineffektiv regim. Denna studies syfte är inte att ta reda på denna fråga, men att genom analysen om hur regimen av ett moratorium av bottentrålfiske i internationellt vatten brister, bidra till den vetenskapliga forskningen utifrån teorikonsumtion.Genom Greenes (1996) kriterier för vad som utgör en (in)effektiv regim har jag undersökt hur regimen, dess skapande institutioner samt regimens omgivning, brister. Ett viktigt resultat av min analys är att UNGA brister på grund av sin försiktighet att styra staters beteende genom en global regim, det vill säga betoningen av dess resolutioner i frågan om ett moratorium mot bottentrålfiske i internationellt vatten är bristfälliga.The main task of Global Ocean Governance (GOG) is to govern and organize actor’s exploitation of the resources that the seas that are not covered by national jurisdiction provide, in a sustainable manner. But after decades of state’s ignorance towards theregime on a sustainable use of the resources of the seas that the United Nation’s General Assembly (UNGA) has been aiming to create, the regime has shown to be dysfunctional.Even if states would benefit rationally from cooperation for a sustainable use of the resources that the seas provide through a moratorium on bottom trawling of the high seas, such cooperation is not in place. It is clear that the regime is dysfunctional. The question is why – that is, in what way the regime is insufficient in providing a sustainable use of the resources of the high seas. In order to analyse why the regime is flawed, an evaluation of the regime’s (in)efficiency is required.There is no consensus among regime theorists of what makes an (in)effective regime and how a regime’s effectiveness can be measured. The main scientific contribution of this study is to contribute with information on what criteria makes an effective or an ineffective regime. The purpose of this study is not to examine this question per se, but to, through the analysis of how the regime on a moratorium of bottom trawling in the high seas is lacking, provide to the scientific regime discussion through theory consumption.Through Greene’s (1996) criteria on what makes a regime (in)effective, I have analysed how the regime, it’s creator’s, and the surroundings of the regime, fails. A key- finding of my analysis is that UNGA fails because of its caution to steer state’s behaviour through a regime, that is, the stress of its resolutions for a moratorium on bottom trawling in the high seas are lacking.
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Kgatuke, Mary-Jane Morongwa. "Internal variability of the regional climate model RegCM3 over Southern Africa." Diss., Pretoria [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08132007-091356.
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Fenton, Kirsten Anne. "Gender, nation and conquest in William of Malmesbury's 'Gesta regum Anglorum'." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402397.
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Segalin, Bruna. "Características dos sistemas convectivos de mesoescala nas simulações climáticas do RegCM4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-154326/.
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Técnicas de rastreamento como o Forecasting and Tracking the evolution of Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC) e simulações numéricas têm sido utilizadas para entender o desenvolvimento de sistemas convectivos de mesoecala (SCMs), que estão associados à precipitação intensa, rajadas de vento, granizo e até mesmo tornados. Este trabalho adaptou o ForTraCC para rastrear SCMs na radiação de onda longa emergente (ROLE) nas simulações climáticas do RegCM4. As simulações utilizaram a reanálise ERA-Interim como condições inicial e de fronteira em um domínio cobrindo a América do Sul (AS) para os períodos outubro-maio (8 meses) de 1997-2003. A climatologia simulada pelo RegCM4 reproduziu os principais padrões atmosféricos observados na AS, com melhor desempenho no setor sul da AS. Foram investigadas características (morfológicas e cinemáticas) dos SCMs no setor tropical (AMZ) e subtropical (BP). O ForTraCC rastreou número semelhante de SCMs nestas regiões, mas com características diferentes. Na AMZ (BP) a simulação mostra máxima frequência de SCMs em novembro (janeiro) e com padrão de ciclo de vida apresentando início às 03 UTC (09 UTC), máxima extensão às 06 UTC (14 UTC) e dissipação às 12 UTC (23-00 UTC). Isto indica discrepância entre o ciclo de vida dos SCMs simulados e observados de acordo com a literatura, que mostra que os SCMs acompanham predominantemente o ciclo de radiação solar. A forte influência do jato de baixos níveis (JBN) explicaria o horário preferencial de início dos SCMs na BP. Nas simulações, os SCMs subtropicais são em geral maiores, duram mais tempo, possuem temperatura mínima menor e são mais lineares que os tropicais, características também reportadas na literatura. Na AMZ os SCMs não apresentam local preferencial de gênese e dissipação e nem trajetórias típicas, enquanto na BP embora se iniciem em qualquer posição movem-se principalmente para leste. Adicionalmente, para a área entre 10-45º S e 75-30º W foram rastreados os complexos convectivos de mesoescala (CCMs). Nas simulações, os CCMs formam-se preferencialmente às 04 UTC, atingem máxima extensão às 12 UTC (coincidindo com a máxima atividade do JBN) e dissipam-se às 15 UTC e 23 UTC. Os CCMs são predominantemente continentais, duram aproximadamente 16,5 horas (duração é maior que a reportada na literatura) e são maiores que os SCMs. O centro-norte da Argentina, sul-sudeste do Brasil, sul do Peru são as regiões preferenciais de gênese dos CCMs simulados e apresentam trajetórias típicas para leste. Embora existam algumas restrições e diferenças (p.ex.: resolução horizontal, intervalo de tempo entre imagens) nos critérios utilizados na classificação dos SCMs e CCMs simulados e os da literatura, o RegCM4 simulou as principais características morfológicas e cinemáticas desses sistemas.Forecasting and Tracking the evolution of Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC) technique and numerical simulations have been used to understand the development of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs). In general, these systems are associated with intense rainfall, wind gusts, hail and sometimes with tornados. This work has adapted the ForTraCC to track MCSs in the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from RegCM4 climatic simulations. The RegCM4 was nested in ERA-Interim reanalysis in a domain covering the South America (SA) for the periods of October-May (8 months) of 1997-2003. The RegCM4 simulated climatology reproduced the main atmospheric patterns observed in SA, with best performance in its southern part. The MCSs\' morphological and kinematic features were investigated in the tropical (AMZ) and subtropical (BP) sectors. ForTraCC tracked a similar number of MCSs in both regions, but the systems presented dierent features. In AMZ (BP) the simulations show the maximum frequency of MCSs in November (January). In terms of life cycle, in the AMZ (BP) the MCSs start at 03 UTC (09 UTC), attain the maximum extension at 06 UTC (14 UTC) and dissipate at 12 UTC (23-00 UTC). This indicates a discrepancy between simulated and observed MCSs\' life cycle according to the literature, which shows MCSs in AMZ following mainly the solar radiation cycle. The strong infuence of low level jet (LLJ) could explain the preferred time (09 UTC) of initiation of MCSs in the BP. In the simulations, the subtropical MCSs are generally larger, long-lived and colder and they are more linear than tropical ones, features also reported in the literature. In AMZ the MCSs do not show a preferential place for genesis and dissipation neither typical trajectories, while in BP they have no preferential place to start but move mainly eastward. Additionally, mesoscale convective complexes (MCCs) were tracked in the area between 10-45ºS and 75-30ºW. On average, the simulated MCCs form at 04 UTC, attain the maximum extension at 12 UTC (coinciding with maximum activity of LLJ), and dissipate at 15 UTC and 23 UTC. The MCCs are mostly continental, last approximately 16.5 hours (long-lived than reported in observations) and are larger than MCSs. The central-northern Argentina, southern-southeastern Brazil and southern Peru are the preferred regions for genesis of simulated MCCs, which present a typical eastward trajectory. Although there are some restrictions and dierences (e.g. horizontal resolution, interval between \"images\") in the used criteria to classify the simulated MCSs and MCCs and literature, the RegCM4 simulated the main observed morphological and kinematics features of these systems.
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Dufek, Amanda Sabatini. "Índices de extremos climáticos de temperatura e chuva na América do Sul: clima presente e validação do modelo RegCM3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-23092008-192400/.
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O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a capacidade do modelo RegCM3 (Regional Climate Model versão 3), para três diferentes simulações, em simular os padrões espaciais de tendência de alguns índices climáticos anuais e sazonais de temperatura e chuva na América do Sul para o clima presente (1961-1990). Para atingir o objetivo principal, desenvolveu-se um algoritmo baseado no software RClimDex para calcular os índices e investigou-se a habilidade dos dados de reanálise do NCEP/NCAR e do conjunto de dados de chuva produzido por Liebmann e Allured (2005) em estimar os índices anuais e sazonais de temperatura e chuva para a mesma região e período. A metodologia concentrou-se em análises dos coeficientes de correlação e de regressão linear. De maneira geral, os dois conjuntos de dados foram considerados válidos para representar os índices anuais e sazonais de temperatura e chuva observados na América do Sul durante o período de 1961-1990. Contudo, a reanálise do NCEP/NCAR mostrou sinais de tendência opostos às observações para os índices de temperatura e chuva sobre a Argentina. Dentre as três simulações com o modelo RegCM3, as simulações RegCM3(s2), com o esquema de convecção Emanuel, e RegCM3(s1), com o esquema de Grell, apresentaram um melhor desempenho em representar as tendências dos índices de temperatura e chuva, respectivamente, sobre a América do Sul. O modelo RegCM3(s1) simulou a predominante tendência de aumento das condições de umidade observadas na América do Sul através dos índices anuais r95p, prcptot e rx5day, particularmente na estação de inverno. As tendências opostas dos índices anuais cwd e cdd, que sugerem um aumento no número de dias com chuva, ao contrário, não foram bem detectadas pelo modelo RegCM3(s1). O aquecimento da temperatura mínima como conseqüência do aumento de noites quentes e diminuição de noites frias identificado em quase todo o continente foi simulado corretamente pelo modelo RegCM3(s2). Com relação à temperatura máxima, embora as observações não apresentem um padrão característico, a simulação do modelo RegCM3(s2) se mostra bastante semelhante ao apresentado pela reanálise do NCEP/NCAR. As distribuições espaciais de tendência dos índices anuais de temperatura e chuva resultantes das simulações do RegCM3(s2 e s1, respectivamente) e do HadAM3 sobre a América do Sul durante o período de 1961-1990 são bastante semelhantes entre si, embora o HadAM3 seja caracterizado por tendências mais suavizadas. Para os índices anuais e sazonais de temperatura, a simulação do HadAM3 se mostrou ligeiramente melhor à do RegCM3, enquanto que o inverso é encontrado para os índices anuais e sazonais de chuva.The main goal of this study is to investigate if the RegCM3 model (Regional Climate Model version 3) is able to simulate the spatial patterns of some annual and seasonal climate indices of temperature and precipitation trend over South America for the present climate (1961-1990). The analysis is done for three different simulations where the model was running with different cumulus parametrization, i.e, Grell and Emanuel. An algorithm based on the software RClimDex was developed to calculate the indices. Different data sources such as the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, individual observational stations and others were used to estimate the annual and seasonal indices of temperature and precipitation for the same region and period. Correlation and linear regression coefficients analysis were used in the results comparison. In general, the results suggest that the datasets can provide useful information about annual and seasonal indices of temperature and precipitation at individual grid cells in South America during the period 1961-1990. However, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis showed reversal trend signals for some indices over Argentina. Within the three simulations with the RegCM3 model, the trends of the annual and seasonal indices of temperature and precipitation over South America are better reproduced by the Emanuel (s2) and Grell (s1) schemes, respectively. The RegCM3(s1) simulates the change to wetter conditions in South America through the r95p, prcptot and rx5day annual indices, particularly in the austral winter. On the other hand, the opposite signal of the trends in cdd and cwd indices, that indicates an increase in the number of days with precipitation, was not well represented by the model. The warming in minimum temperature as a consequence of the increase in the frequency of warm nights and the decrease of cold nights observed all over the South American continent was correctly simulated by the RegCM3(s2). Although the observed maximum temperature extremes did not show any special feature, the simulations with Grell scheme were able to represent the spatial patterns of the warm and cold days indices trend similar to the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The spatial distributions of the annual indices of temperature and precipitation trend obtained from the RegCM3(s2 and s1, respectively) and HadAM3 simulations over South America during the period 1961-1990 are very similar, though the HadAM3 shows a trend less intense. For the annual and seasonal indices of temperature, the HadAM3 simulation is slightly better than the RegCM3 running, while the opposite is found to the annual and seasonal indices of precipitation.
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Hoffsten, Saskia. "Ryska författningsdomstolen : att skapa en auktoritär regim i ett skal av demokrati." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-129789.
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Silva, Elaine Rosângela Leutwiler di Giacomo. "Oscilação de Madden e Julian: dados observados e simulados pelo modelo RegCM4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-18092018-150731/.
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O presente trabalho propõe avaliar a habilidade do Modelo Regional Climático, versão 4, (RegCM4) em simular a variabilidade temporal e espacial do sinal associado à propagação da Oscilação de Madden-Julian (OMJ) nos trópicos. A avaliação foi feita através da comparação dos dados observados obtidos do conjunto da Reanálise do ERA-Interim e dos dados simulados pelo RegCM4, para o período de 2005 a 2009. Foram utilizados dados globais diários de precipitação, Radiação de Onda Longa Emergente e componentes zonal do vento em 850 e 200 hPa, provenientes da Reanálise do ERA-Interim, tanto na simulação, quanto nos dados observados. Como condição inicial do modelo, optou-se pela utilização da banda tropical, cujo principal aspecto é o de simular características tanto da circulação quanto dos padrões de precipitação tropicais. Para a validação do modelo, foi utilizada a precipitação diária do Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). Todos os dados foram filtrados na escala de 30-60 dias a fim de se observar o sinal referente à OMJ. A análise dos padrões globais de precipitação e Radiação de Onda Longa (ROL), após filtragem, permitiu a seleção de cinco áreas, com sinais associados à OMJ, sendo elas: África (AFR), Indonésia (IND), Norte da América do Sul (NAS), Nordeste brasileiro (NEB) e Sudeste brasileiro (SEB). A área NEB, apresentou valores de correlação linear de 0,63 e 0,32 para a anomalia e anomalia de ROL filtrada, respectivamente. Já a área SEB, apresentou valores de correlação linear de 0,30 e 0,54, para a anomalia e anomalia de ROL filtrada. O BIAS calculado entre o modelo e a precipitação do GPCP, para as estações secas (MAI-OUT) e chuvosas (NOV-ABR) mostrou que para a América do Sul, Sul do continente Africano e Índico, o modelo superestima os valores de precipitação do GPCP nas duas estações do ano. Quanto à análise multivariada entre a ROL, vento zonal em 850 e 200 hpa a comparação com o obtido para os dados do Era-Interim, a Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF1) aplicada aos dados do RegCM4 apresenta convecção e inibição da convecção em áreas distintas da faixa longitudinal entre 15º N e 15º S. Enquanto os valores mínimos de EOF1 para ROL (intensificação da convecção) do Era-Interim são observados próximo a 90º L, os valores mínimos de ROL para os dados do RegCM4 são observados próximos à 120º O, com defasagem longitudinal de 30º. L, enquanto os valores máximos da EOF1 para ROL (inibição de convecção) do Era-Interim são observados próximo a 150º L, os valores máximos para os dados simulados pelo RegCM4 são observados próximos à 60º L, com uma defasagem longitudinal de 90°.The present work proposes to evaluate the ability of the Regional Climatic Model (RegCM4) to simulate the temporal and spatial variability of the signal associated with the propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the tropics. The evaluation was done by comparing the observed data obtained from the Reanalysis of the ERA-Interim and the data simulated by RegCM4, for the period from 2005 to 2009. Daily global data were used for precipitation, Emergent Long Wave Radiation and zonal wind components at 850 and 200 hPa from the ERA-Interim Reanalysis, both in the simulation and in the observed data. As initial conditions of the model, we chose to use the tropical band, whose main characteristic is to simulate the circulation and the tropical precipitation patterns. The validation of the model was performed with the daily precipitation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). All data were filtered in the 30-60 day scale in order to observe the signal concerning the MJO. The analysis of the global precipitation and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) patterns, after filtration, allowed the selection of five areas, with signs associated to the MJO, being: Africa (AFR), Indonesia (IND), North of South America (NAS), Northeast Brazil (NEB) e Southeast Brazil (SEB). The NEB area presented linear correlation values of 0,63 and 0,32 for the anomaly and filtered anomaly of OLR, respectively. The SEB area presented linear correlation values of 0.30 and 0.54 for the anomaly and anomaly of filtered OLR. The BIAS calculated between the model and GPCP precipitation for the dry (MAY-OCT) and rainy seasons (NOV-APR) showed that for South America, South Africa and Indian continent, the model overestimates precipitation values of GPCP in the two seasons. The multivariate analysis between OLR, zonal wind at 850 and 200 hp compared to that obtained for Era-Interim data, the EOF1 applied to RegCM4 data presents convection and convection inhibition in different areas between 15º N and 15º S. While the minimum Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF1) values for OLR (convection enhancement) of the Era-Interim are observed close to 90º E, the minimum OLR values for the RegCM4 data are observed close to 120º O, with a longitudinal lag of 30º. And while maximum EOF1 values for OLR (convection inhibition) of the ERA-Interim are observed close to 150º E, the maximum values for the simulated data by RegCM4 are observed close to 60º E, with a longitudinal lag of 90º.
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Pereira, Egina Glauce Santos. "Retórica e argumentação: os mecanismos que regem a prática do discurso jurídico." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ALDR-6SJQ89.
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Nous aborderons ici une étude fondée sur lAnalyse du Discours avec le thème de la rhétorique et de largumentation en tant que méraninne fonctionnant dans le discours juridique, que nous prendons comme une pratique sociale discursive. Ce genre de discours est produit selon des normes spécifiques institutionnalisées et se distingue par des règleslangagières spécifiques qui lui donnent un langage caractérisé par la technique et les jargons, en le rendant stylisé. Létablissement de ce discours permet aussi lutilisation des techniques rhetóriques et dialectiques pour la construction de largumentation entre les énonciateurs, Qui lassignent à leur public cible avec lintention de le convaince et persuader. Lobjectif des interlocuteurs, cest de conquérir lauditoire, et pour cela ils développerat leurs thése de telle façon quelles soient les plus vraisemblables possible. Ce fait se produit par larticulation ente les enoncés et les énonciateurs et par le processus polyphonique établi par lénonciation, ce processus-lá apportant la notion de jugement de valeus institué par la rhétorique et la dialectique, ce deux côtés de la même monnaie du discours, elle étant frappée parlargumentation.Abordaremos aqui um estudo fundamentado em Análise de Discurso cujo tema é a Retórica e a Argumentação como mecanismos que atuam no Discurso Jurídico, abordando-o como prática social discursiva. Esse tipo de discurso é produzido mediante normas específicas institucionalizadas; possuindo, ainda, regras especiais linguageiras que propiciam uma linguagem marcada pela técnica e pelos jargões, tornando-o estilizado. A institucionalização desse discurso também permite a utilização das técnicas retóricas e dialéticas para a construção da argumentação entre os enunciadores, que a destinam para o seu público alvo, com a intenção de convencê-lo e persuadi-lo. O objetivo dos interlocutores é conquistar a platéia e para tanto desenvolvem suas teses a ponto de ser a mais verossímil possível. Tal fato se dá por meio das articulações entre enunciados e enunciadores e pelo processo polifônico instaurado na enunciação, passando pela noção de juízo de valores, instituído pela Retórica e pela Dialética, que são os lados da mesma moeda nesse discurso, cunhado pela Argumentação.
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Carlson, Erica. "Romance Narrative and Problems of Succession in Geoffrey of Monmouth's HIstoria Regum Britanniae." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/245073.
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The Historia Regum Brittaniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth is one of the most influential works of Medieval English literature and historiography, and incorporates both genealogical and romance narrative. In this paper, I will first attempt to provide a general overview of the context of the Historia Regum Britanniae, including the debate about its historicity. Then I will adapt Laura Barefield’s discussion of gender within the work to a textual analysis of two romance episodes featuring two very different rulers: the founding patriarch Brutus and the lustful usurper Vortigern. I argue that the unambiguous establishment of the noble character of the former and the wicked character of the latter early on in their respective narratives are extremely important, as both men are leaders in times when the Britons are in the potentially destabilizing position of living side-by-side with - or being at war with - other civilizations. I will first examine the favorable outcomes of Brutus’s marriage with the Greek woman Ignoge and how it represents an ideal case of solving a problem of succession. Then I will discuss Vortigern’s depraved character and his ill-fated marriage to the Saxon woman Renwein, and how it sets up the conditions for a crisis of succession.
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FALCAO, W. S. "Concepções de Cidade em Livros Didáticos de Estudos Sociais da Década de 1970." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8646.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-10O objetivo principal desta dissertação é investigar e socializar reflexões sobre as concepções de cidade produzidas por livros didáticos de Estudos Sociais publicados pela Companhia Editora Nacional (CEN) durante a década de 1970 no Brasil. O presente trabalho é fruto de pesquisas que envolvem conhecimentos de diferentes áreas das Ciências Humanas, em especial da História, da Geografia e da Educação, buscando em suas análises elementos metodológicos a partir do materialismo histórico-dialético em uma geografia e em uma história marxistas (LACOSTE, 2008; BOURDÉ; MARTIN, 2012). Questões relativas à cultura escolar são abordadas nesta pesquisa, sobretudo no que se refere aos diferentes materiais didáticos utilizados por professores e estudantes, para a compreensão das questões educacionais (JULIA, 2001). Nessa direção, procuramos compreender o que são e como problematizar os livros didáticos, a fim de pensá-los como recursos didáticos, como elementos culturais e como mercadorias. Investigamos a história dos Estudos Sociais na educação brasileira, em especial suas principais transformações ocorridas durante os anos do Regime Ditatorial Militar brasileiro. Ademais, discutimos o que são as cidades, estudando-as sob a ótica do capital. A fim de alcançar os objetivos principais e compreender as concepções de cidades presentes nos livros didáticos de Estudos Sociais, optamos por selecionar oito livros didáticos publicados pela CEN no período recortado. Quanto às culturas escolares, os livros didáticos nos auxiliaram a compreender que os Estudos Sociais não impuseram um fim à Geografia e à História escolares, pois os conteúdos disciplinares geográficos e históricos estavam presentes de forma clara em todos os livros analisados. Foi possível constatar também que cinco dos livros possuíam suas narrativas históricas e geográficas em uma perspectiva progressista de cidade, da economia e de sociedade. Já em outros dois, as cidades da década de 1970 estão praticamente ausentes, o que reforça a perspectiva de uma obra didática de história, que estava voltada para questões do passado. Dentre os livros analisados, verificou-se que apenas um possui abordagens problematizadoras em relação às cidades, às Revoluções Industriais e ao discurso do progresso econômico e social
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Karlsson, Magnus. "Oratio de iniusto bello regis Daniæ anno 1563 contra regem Sueciæ Ericum 14 gesto." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-83422.
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Pareja, Quispe David. "Simulación de un pseudo-escenario de cambio climático con el modelo climático regional RegCM4." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3490.
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En este trabajo fue evaluado la sensibilidad del clima regional, particularmente sobre la región noreste amazónico del Perú (NAP) en una atmósfera cálida. Permitiendo
de esta manera mejorar nuestro entendimiento de los posibles cambios que experimentaran las variables asociadas al ciclo hidrológico, tales como, precipitación y evapotranspiración. Para ello, fue realizado la simulación numérica de pseudoescenario de cambio climático (PEC) con el modelo climático regional RegCM4, en el cual la temperatura atmosférica y oceánica fueron aumentadas en 3K. Para
su comparación las proyecciones climáticas del modelo acoplado ECHAM/MPI-OM para finales del siglo XXI fueron utilizadas (FUT). Para evaluar la habilidad del modelo en reproducir el clima presente fueron utilizados los datos de CRU y GPCP.
Los resultados encontrados en ambas simulaciones (PEC y FUT), muestran efectos semejantes en el promedio estacional y anual, con algunas diferencias en la intensidad de sus efectos sobre la región NAP. Las variables de precipitación y evapotranspiración mostraron disminución y aumento en las diferentes estaciones del año, por lo cual en un clima más cálido el ciclo hidrológico será afectado, alterando de esta manera también a las otras variables asociadas. La distribución espacial de sus impactos muestran algunas diferencias, porque cada simulación desarrolla su propia respuesta a las forzantes al que fueron sometidas. En general, ambos experimentos presentaron menor precipitación durante la mitad del año. Asimismo, estos resultados son reforzados con lo encontrado en los regímenes climáticos (indice UNEP), las cuales muestran un mayor grado de aridez. Estos efectos fueron más intensos en la simulación PEC, sobre todo en la región de estudio, sin embargo, en otras partes del Perú quien presentó mayores efectos en los regímenes climáticos fue la simulación FUT.Tesis
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Pereira, Gabriel. "Impactos das atualizações do uso e cobertura da terra e das características físico-químicas da vegetação na América do Sul em modelos climáticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-21022013-115444/.
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As mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra ocasionam alterações no balanço de energia, na temperatura do ar, na precipitação, na umidade do ar e na circulação regional e global. Consequentemente, mapas de uso e cobertura da terra e suas respectivas características físico-químicas e biológicas constituem-se em uma importante variável na modelagem numérica de sistemas terrestres. Entretanto, na maioria dos modelos regionais de previsão do tempo e clima, o mapa de uso e cobertura da terra não é atualizado com frequência e encontra-se defasado, o que influencia os resultados das simulações. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar o impacto nas simulações numéricas do RegCM4 oriundas da atualização do mapa de uso e cobertura da terra e dos parâmetros físicos como, por exemplo, o índice de área foliar (IAF), a reflectância no visível ( 0,7m) e no infravermelho próximo e médio (>0,7m) utilizados pelo Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS), além da validação dos dados provenientes do Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Consequentemente, a comparação entre os dados de precipitação mensal estimada pelo TRMM e 183 estações meteorológicas espalhadas por todo o Brasil apresentam uma concordância de aproximadamente 97%. Ainda, em relação à precipitação, temperatura máxima e temperatura mínima, obtém-se um melhor ajuste do modelo RegCM4 quando os dados de entrada do modelo são compostos pelas reanálises do SST-ERA-Interim e ERA-Interim e com a parametrização cúmulos proposta por Emmanuel. A partir da atualização do uso e cobertura da terra utilizado no modelo de superfície BATS para o ano 2007 obteve-se uma melhora de 10% na simulação da precipitação, aumentando de 0,84 para 0,92 o coeficiente de correlação (significante a p<0,05, teste t-student). Do mesmo modo, a simulação realizada com a alteração dos valores de fração máxima de cobertura vegetal apresentou valores de precipitação 18% acima dos observados. Ainda, as alterações da reflectância no visível e no infravermelho próximo e do índice de área foliar superestimaram a precipitação em 19% e 23%. Ressalta-se que todas as simulações apresentaram boa concordância no que diz respeito à temperatura máxima e mínima, apresentando valores muito próximos ao esperado. A variação trimestral dos parâmetros físicos utilizados pelo modelo de superfície BATS reduziram para 3% as superestimativas de precipitação, provendo uma correlação de 92% (significante a p<0,05, teste t-student). Em relação às variáveis meteorológicas, as principais diferenças encontradas na evapotranspiração, precipitação, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura a 2 metros concentram-se na região noroeste do Estado do Mato Grosso, nas divisas dos Estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso com a Bolívia (áreas alagadas do Pantanal brasileiro), região noroeste do Paraguai e para a região da Bacia do Rio da Prata na Argentina, Região Nordeste do Brasil entre outras, devido principalmente à alteração da classe Floresta Ombrófila Densa para áreas de pastagem e agricultura e à substituição de áreas de agricultura por áreas de gramíneas, pastagem, vegetação arbustiva e Floresta Estacional Decidual.The land use and land cover changes modify the air temperature, precipitation, air moisture, energy balance and regional and global circulations. Consequently, the land use and land cover maps and its physical-chemical and biological properties are important variables for numerical modeling of terrestrial systems. However, in most of regional weather and climate models the land use and land cover maps are not frequently updated, being out-of-date and, influencing the results of simulations. Therefore, this work has as main objective to analyze the impacts in numerical simulations by RegCM4 of land use and land cover maps updating, as well as the alteration of physical parameters, such as the leaf area index (LAI), the visible (<0.7 m) and near infrared and medium (> 0.7 m) reflectance used by the Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). The validation of simulated precipitation by comparison to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data is also an objective. The comparison between monthly precipitation data estimated by TRMM and the 183 weather stations distributed throughout Brazil presented a concordance of approximately 97%. Also related to rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature simulations, better assessments of RegCM4 were found when SST-ERA-Interim, ERA-Interim reanalysis and cumulus parameterization proposed by Emmanuel were used. In addition, the update of the South America 2007 land use and land cover map used by BATS has improved the simulation of precipitation in 10%, increasing the correlation coefficient from 0.84 to 0.92 (significant at p <0.05, t-test student). Moreover, the results show good agreement between simulated and observed maximum and minimum temperature, with correlation coefficients near to 0.95 for both variables. Correspondingly, the simulations performed with adjustments on maximum fractional of vegetation cover showed precipitation mean value 18% above the observed data. Changes in visible and infrared reflectance and in the leaf area index overestimated the precipitation in 19% and 23%, respectively. It is noteworthy that all simulations showed good agreement for maximum and minimum temperature, with values very close to those observed. The three-monthly (seasonal) change of the physical parameters, which characterize the surface model BATS, provided a reduction of 3% in the mean simulated precipitation if compared to the results obtained without seasonal variation of surface parameters. The linear correlation between simulated and observed monthly precipitation obtained by considering seasonal changes in the surface parameter was equal to 92% (significant at p <0.05, Student\'s t-test). Regarding to atmospheric variables, the more significant differences observed in evapotranspiration, precipitation, relative humidity and temperature above two meters from surface are located in the northwest of Mato Grosso state, at the Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso states and the Bolivia bordering (placed on the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands), over Northeastern Brazil region, northwestern Paraguay, and River Plate Basin, among others. These important differences are due to the substitution of Tropical Rain Forest by pasture and agriculture and, the replacement of agricultural areas by areas of grass pasture, shrub and Deciduous Forest.
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Ibnrubbian, Abdullah K. "Effect of regulation, Islamic law and noise traders on the Saudi stock market." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6546.
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Saudi stock market (SSM) has witnessed various market regulations and transformations taking place over the past decade. However, the impact of these reforms on market efficiency has not been addressed in the literature. Furthermore, idiosyncratic features of the market can play an important role on the market performance, yet these features have not been fully investigated. The aim of this thesis is to tackle these issues by empirically examining the market efficiency hypothesis and volatility behaviour of the Saudi stock market. Specifically, in order to better understand the relationship between stock returns and prohibition of interest (riba), both conditional and unconditional volatilities are investigated in the context of Islamic law and herd behaviour of noise traders. In Chapter 2 the efficient market hypothesis is tested on the basis of various market efficiency models. Results of both parametric and non-parametric tests reveal that despite the evidence of improved efficiency in the Saudi stock market the weak form of efficient market hypothesis theory is still generally rejected. Chapter 3 considers two types of the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, a univariate and multivariate GARCH. Specifically, the univariate GARCH model is used to test the seasonality effect of the Ramadan month on each of the five stock market sectors. The multivariate GARCH is used instead to investigate the effect of interest (riba) prohibition in Islam on the volatility of the Saudi stock market. A distinction is made between stocks that are in agreement with Islamic Sharia’a law and interest paying stocks that are not allowed to devoted Muslim investors. The result demonstrates that the Islamic compliant sectors are more volatile than non-Islamic compliant ones. Further, Ramadan seasonality is more significant for non-Islamic compliant stocks. Chapter 4 investigates market inefficiency by considering two anomalies: investors’ herd behaviour and structural breaks in the Saudi stock market. The herd behaviour is investigated by estimating a nonlinear asymmetric cross-sectional absolute deviation model, whereas structural shifts are modelled by estimating a Markov regime switching model. The volatility models considered confirm that both Islamic law and immature behaviour of investors are important factors that contribute to informational imperfectness in the Saudi stock market.
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Aliu, Altana. "Den ungerska minoriteten i Transsylvanien under Ceausescus regim 1980-1989 : Sveriges syn och mediernas rapporteringar." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2377.
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Müller, Anderson Augusto. "Avaliação de propriedades e fatores que regem as variações de cor do revestimento decorativo monocamada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103821.
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O sistema de revestimento de argamassa é formado por diversas etapas, preparo da base, emboço, reboco e acabamento decorativo. Apesar de ser uma técnica bastante difundida, em muitos casos, a produção racionalizada e eficiente ainda não está consolidada, ocorrendo em falhas, elevados desperdícios e problemas quanto ao seu desempenho. A eliminação de etapas se apresenta como uma alteração viável aumentar a produtividade, reduzir as perdas, diminuir o consumo de materiais e simplificar o sistema. Neste contexto, surge o sistema de revestimento de argamassa decorativa monocamada. Este sistema de revestimento utiliza uma argamassa pigmentada, eliminando a necessidade de pintura e pode ser aplicada sobre substratos de alvenaria ou concreto estrutural. Por se tratar de um revestimento decorativo, deve ser capaz de atender as expectativas estéticas, apresentando conformidade de cor por toda extensão revestida. No entanto, devido a eliminar etapas, diminuir espessura e por ser uma argamassa com maior complexidade em relação à utilizada na técnica tradicional, pode ocorrer variações de cor no revestimento..Neste sentido, este trabalho buscou identificar os fatores que influenciam na variação de cor do revestimento decorativo monocamada. Para tanto, foram avaliados 4 substratos (vidro e 3 cerâmicos, queimadas a 800, 900 e 1000°C) e utilizou-se diferentes espessuras do revestimento (1, 2 e 3 cm). Também avaliou-se o efeito da quantidade de água na mistura e a temperatura de cura inicial. Utilizou-se um espectrofotômetro para a verificação da cor, e como resposta, adotou-se os sistemas L*a*b* e L*C*h(°). Analisou-se o efeito das variáveis estudadas sobre a cor e posteriormente determinou-se a diferença de cor através do cálculo do ΔE, sendo as diferenças obtidas classificadas quanto sua percepção. Observou-se que em sua maioria, os efeitos impostos geraram algum tipo de variação nos fatores que compõem a cor. Porém, nem sempre geram variações de cor perceptíveis. As maiores diferenças de cor foram obtidas nas primeiras idades.Mortar coatings are made through of several steps, such as substrate preparation, mortar plaster and decorative finish. Despite being an rather widespread technique, In many cases, optimized and efficient production is still not consolidated, leading to failure, substantial losses and problems with performance. The elimination of some steps is presented as a feasible opportunity to increase productivity, waste reduction, reduce of consumption of raw materials and system simplification. In this context, the monolayer mortar coating system is an interesting option. This system uses a pigmented coating mortar, eliminating the painting and can be applied to masonry substrates or structural concrete. As this is a decorative coating, The system must be able to attend the aesthetic expectations, showing conformity of color throughout coated extension. However, due to eliminate steps and reduce the thickness to be a mortar with more complex compared to the traditional technique used, the color variations can occur in the coating. Thus, this study aim to identify factors that influence the color variation of the decorative monolayer coating. Thus, four substrates were evaluated (3 glass and ceramic, fired at 800, 900 and 1000°C) and used different coating thicknesses (1, 2 and 3 cm). This paper also evaluated the effect of the amount of water in the mixture and the initial cure temperature. It was used a spectrophotometer to check the color response, and adopted the L*a*b* and L*C*h(°). The analysis have been made calculating the effect of the variables on color and then the color difference ΔE. The differences obtained are classified from its perception. It was observed that in most cases, the effects taxes have generated some variation in the factors that make up the color. However, not always produced notable changes in color. The greatest differences in color were obtained at early ages.
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Pereira, Régis da Silva. "Processo que regem a qualidade da água da Lagoa dos Patos, segundo o modelo Delft3D." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2003. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3624.
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Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, 2003.Submitted by Lilian M. Silva (lilianmadeirasilva@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T19:48:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Processo que regem a qualidade da água da Lagoa dos. Patos, segundo o modelo Delft3D.pdf: 1880851 bytes, checksum: 0fe34fc0976536f35ac95f7d91ff25a7 (MD5)
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Os modelos numéricos se propõem a simular tanto os processos de transporte como os processos químicos que ocorrem num corpo hídrico. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os processos que determinam a qualidade das águas da Lagoa dos P atos, utilizando pela primeira vez o modelo Delft3D da WL | Delft Hydraulics. Neste modelo foram aplicados os dados obtidos no Programa para o Desenvolvimento Racional, Recuperação e Gerenciamento Ambiental da Lagoa dos Patos/Mirim – Pró Mar de Dentro, que realizou onze cruzeiros de amostragem, durante o período compreendido entre fevereiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2000. A primeira etapa realizada foi a validação do modelo hidrodinâmico, que foi feita comparando-se os dados de salinidade obtidos em campo ao longo da Lagoa com os resultados das simulações. Em seguida, com o modelo hidrodinâmico validado, foi aplicado o modelo de qualidade de água. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: material em suspensão, oxigênio dissolvido, DBO, nitrato, nitrito, amônio, nitrogênio total, fosfato, fósforo total, carbono orgânico total, sílica, cromo, cobre, zinco, chumbo, níquel, cádmio, ferro. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo foi validado, apresentando bons resultados na simulação da circulação da Lagoa dos Patos. Apesar de alguns desvios terem sido percebidos, não se deveram propriamente ao modelo e sim a ausência de uma melhor distribuição temporal e espacial de dados para alimentá-lo. A avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade de água indicou que os processos químicos e físicos que ocorrem na Lagoa variam espacialmente e temporalmente, dependendo principalmente das condições metereológicas da região. Apesar das diversas influências antrópicas presentes na Lagoa dos Patos, as águas do eixo principal da Lagoa não apresentaram sérias contaminações que tragam riscos aos ecossistemas que a cercam e dela dependem. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o modelo poderia tornar-se uma importante ferramenta na previsão e avaliação da qualidade da água da Lagoa dos Patos.
Numeric models intend to simulate both the transport and chemical processes that happen in a water body. The aim of this work is to evaluate the processes that govern the quality of the Patos Lagoon water, using for the first time Delft3D model, from WL | Delft Hydraulics. The model was applied using data obtained during the project denominated “Programa para o Desenvolvimento Racional, Recuperação e Gerenciamento Ambiental da Lagoa dos Patos/Mirim – Pró Mar de Dentro”, wich carried out eleven sampling campaigns, during the period of February 1999 and January 2000. First stage, consisted hydrodynamic model validation, that was made comparing the salinity data obtained during the samplig with the simulations results. Second stage, with the hydrodynamic model validated, the water quality model was applied. The following parameters were evaluated: suspended matter, dissolved oxygen, BOD, nitrate, nitrito, ammonium, total nitrogen, phosphate, total phosphorous, total organic carbon, silicate, chromium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium, iron. The results showed that the model was validated, presenting good results in the circulation simulation of the Patos Lagoon. In spite of some deviations have been observed, they were not due properly to the model, but due the absence of more precise data for apply in the model. The evaluation of the water quality parameters indicated that chemical and physical processes that happen in the Lagoon have variation in the space and in the time, mainly depending on the metereological conditions of the region. In spite of several antropogenics influences present in the Patos Lagoon, waters in your main axis didn't present contaminations that bring risks to the survival of the ecossystems that surround and depend on this Lagoon. According to the obtained results, the model could become an important tool in the forecast and evaluation of the water quality of the Patos Lagoon.
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Crick, Julia Catherine. "The reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae : the evidence of manuscripts and textual history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314984.
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Veysseyre, Géraldine. "Translater Geoffroy de Monmouth : trois traductions en prose française de l'Historia regum Britannie : XIIIe-XVe siècles." Paris 4, 2002. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-8124-3247-7.
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L'Historia regum Britannie de Geoffroy de Monmouth a donné lieu à trois traductions médiéva-les en prose française : l'Estoire de Brutus du XIIIe siècle (BNF fr. 17177), les Croniques des Bre-tons du début XVe (BNF fr. 2806, 5621 et 16939 et Vatican, Regius Latinus 871) et le Roman de Brut de Jehan Wauquelin en 1444-1445 (BL Lansdowne 214 et KBR 10415-10416). Ces textes, indépendants les uns des autres, s'inspirent tous de la version "Vulgate" de l'Historia. L'Estoire. . . Y ajoute des emprunts ponctuels au Roman de Brut de Wace et les Croniques. . . L'entrelacent avec l'Historia sur leurs 49 premiers chapitres. Seul le Roman de Brut de Wauquelin ignore Wace. Nous avons donné de ces traductions deux éditions complètes (BNF fr. 17177 et Roman de Brut) et une édition partielle (prologue troyen et prophéties de Merlin pour les Croni-ques. . . ). Les méthodes des trois traducteurs révèlent une bonne compréhension de l'Historia et leurs œuvres montrent qu'ils la lisent comme un texte historiqueThe Historia regum Britannie of Geoffrey of Monmouth was translated thrice in the Middle Ages : in the thirteenth century Estoire de Brutus (BNF fr. 17177), in the early fifteenth century Croniques des Bretons (BNF fr. 2806, 5621, 16939 and Vatican Regius Latinus 871) and in the Roman de Brut, written by Jehan Wauquelin in 1444-1445 (BL Lansdowne and KBR 10415-10416). These texts have no connection between them and are all based on the "Vulgate" version of the Historia. The Estoire. . . Adds to it rare interpolations from the Roman de Brut by Wace, and the Croniques. . . Mix Wace up with the Historia in their 49 first chapters. Wauquelin's text is the only one showing no influence of Wace. We edit thoroughly two of these translations (BNF fr. 17177 and the Roman de Brut) and two fragments of the Croniques : the Trojan prologue and Merlin's prophecies. The three translators show by their craft a good understanding of their source, and all have read the Historia as a work of history
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Bellei, Mussini Lorenzo <1982>. "Propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate. Legittimazione, patronage e propaganda nelle Gesta Regum Anglorum di Guglielmo di Malmesbury." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6580/1/Bellei_Mussini__Lorenzo_Propter_adhorantium_auctoritatem_voluntate.pdf.
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L’oggetto di ricerca della presente tesi di dottorato è costituito dall’analisi dell’opera Gesta Regum Anglorum, del monaco benedettino Guglielmo di Malmesbury, all’interno della quale sono stati esplorati e verificati i temi di legittimazione, di patronage e di propaganda. L’opera, infatti, rimane senza un manifesto committente, ad eccezione di una primissima versione. Il titolo della tesi rivela fin da subito questo aspetto, giacché estrae un passaggio del prologo al I libro: «propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate», traducibile con «per le autorevoli esortazioni che ricevetti». Dopo un’analisi delle lettere dedicatorie premesse all’opera, si è ipotizzata la volontà dell’autore di dedicare le Gesta Regum Anglorum, nella loro versione definitiva, a Roberto conte di Gloucester, approfondendo in tal senso l’aspetto legittimatorio dell’opera e la possibilità che essa potesse servire come strumento per ottenere un patronage dal conte nei confronti dell’abbazia di Malmesbury. La seconda parte della tesi è incentrata sulla comparazione tra le due principali redazioni dell’opera – quella conclusa intorno al 1126/27 e quella rivista tra 1135 e 1140 – per analizzarne le modifiche, ipotizzandone la funzione come volta mitigare aspetti relativi ai principali antenati di Roberto di Gloucester (Guglielmo I e Guglielmo II). La terza parte della tesi si è concentrata sull’aspetto propagandistico dell’opera in favore del monastero di appartenenza di Guglielmo (Malmesbury) e soprattutto in favore del clero regolare, nella dicotomia che caratterizzò questo e il clero secolare durante gli anni in cui l’autore viveva. Nell’ultima parte della tesi, è stato ripreso l’aspetto legittimatorio delle Gesta Regum, tentando di fornire un’analisi delle tre raffigurazioni dei sovrani normanni d’Inghilterra, che punteggiano i tre libri finali dell’opera.The object of this thesis is the survey of the Gesta Regum Anglorum – written by the Benedictine monk William of Malmesbury –, where are explored the subjects of legitimacy, patronage and propaganda. The Gesta Regum are, in fact, without a manifest client. The title of the thesis reveals immediately this aspect, since it extracts a passage from the prologue to the first book: «propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate» that we could translate: « for the eminent exhortations that I received». Thus, after the analysis of the three prefatory letters, we assumed that William of Malmesbury would like to dedicate the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in their final version, to Robert Earl of Gloucester. Therefore we decided to analyze the legitimization’s aspect of the work and the possibility that it could serve as a tool to receive the patronage from the Earl to Malmesbury’ abbey. The second part of this survey focuses on the comparison between the two main recensions of the Gesta Regum Anglorum. In order to analyze the changes between the first (completed in 1126/27) and the second recension (completed between 1135 and 1140), we supposed that the aim of these alterations was the mitigation of some aspects of the main ancestors of Robert of Gloucester (William I and William II). In the third part of the thesis, we focus on the aspect of propaganda in favor of the monastery where William used to live and especially in favor of the regular clergy, during the dichotomy that characterized the former and the secular clergy in that years. Finally, in the last part, we analyze one more time the dimension of legitimization of the Gesta Regum Anglorum, trying to provide an analysis of the three portraits of the Norman kings of England, illustrated in the final three books of the work.
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Bellei, Mussini Lorenzo <1982>. "Propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate. Legittimazione, patronage e propaganda nelle Gesta Regum Anglorum di Guglielmo di Malmesbury." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6580/.
Full textAbstract:
L’oggetto di ricerca della presente tesi di dottorato è costituito dall’analisi dell’opera Gesta Regum Anglorum, del monaco benedettino Guglielmo di Malmesbury, all’interno della quale sono stati esplorati e verificati i temi di legittimazione, di patronage e di propaganda. L’opera, infatti, rimane senza un manifesto committente, ad eccezione di una primissima versione. Il titolo della tesi rivela fin da subito questo aspetto, giacché estrae un passaggio del prologo al I libro: «propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate», traducibile con «per le autorevoli esortazioni che ricevetti». Dopo un’analisi delle lettere dedicatorie premesse all’opera, si è ipotizzata la volontà dell’autore di dedicare le Gesta Regum Anglorum, nella loro versione definitiva, a Roberto conte di Gloucester, approfondendo in tal senso l’aspetto legittimatorio dell’opera e la possibilità che essa potesse servire come strumento per ottenere un patronage dal conte nei confronti dell’abbazia di Malmesbury. La seconda parte della tesi è incentrata sulla comparazione tra le due principali redazioni dell’opera – quella conclusa intorno al 1126/27 e quella rivista tra 1135 e 1140 – per analizzarne le modifiche, ipotizzandone la funzione come volta mitigare aspetti relativi ai principali antenati di Roberto di Gloucester (Guglielmo I e Guglielmo II). La terza parte della tesi si è concentrata sull’aspetto propagandistico dell’opera in favore del monastero di appartenenza di Guglielmo (Malmesbury) e soprattutto in favore del clero regolare, nella dicotomia che caratterizzò questo e il clero secolare durante gli anni in cui l’autore viveva. Nell’ultima parte della tesi, è stato ripreso l’aspetto legittimatorio delle Gesta Regum, tentando di fornire un’analisi delle tre raffigurazioni dei sovrani normanni d’Inghilterra, che punteggiano i tre libri finali dell’opera.The object of this thesis is the survey of the Gesta Regum Anglorum – written by the Benedictine monk William of Malmesbury –, where are explored the subjects of legitimacy, patronage and propaganda. The Gesta Regum are, in fact, without a manifest client. The title of the thesis reveals immediately this aspect, since it extracts a passage from the prologue to the first book: «propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate» that we could translate: « for the eminent exhortations that I received». Thus, after the analysis of the three prefatory letters, we assumed that William of Malmesbury would like to dedicate the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in their final version, to Robert Earl of Gloucester. Therefore we decided to analyze the legitimization’s aspect of the work and the possibility that it could serve as a tool to receive the patronage from the Earl to Malmesbury’ abbey. The second part of this survey focuses on the comparison between the two main recensions of the Gesta Regum Anglorum. In order to analyze the changes between the first (completed in 1126/27) and the second recension (completed between 1135 and 1140), we supposed that the aim of these alterations was the mitigation of some aspects of the main ancestors of Robert of Gloucester (William I and William II). In the third part of the thesis, we focus on the aspect of propaganda in favor of the monastery where William used to live and especially in favor of the regular clergy, during the dichotomy that characterized the former and the secular clergy in that years. Finally, in the last part, we analyze one more time the dimension of legitimization of the Gesta Regum Anglorum, trying to provide an analysis of the three portraits of the Norman kings of England, illustrated in the final three books of the work.
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Hamdi, Mohamed. "Le régime juridique des investissements étrangers en Algérie : La recherche d'une conciliation entre attractivité et préservation des intérêts publics." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0785.
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Le cadre juridique des investissements étrangers en Algérie a été marqué par de profonds changements depuis la promulgation du premier code des investissements, en 1963. Cette mutation n’a pas toujours été en phase avec les processus de développement économique national et le changement du contexte international. Le modèle socialiste de la gestion des affaires économiques qui a prédominé à partir du milieu des années 60 jusqu'au milieu des années 80 a progressivement cédé la place à un retrait graduel de l'Etat du champ économique. On assiste, depuis, à une émergence d’un secteur privé qui tente toujours de trouver sa place, à une vague de privatisations, à une libéralisation du commerce extérieur et à un appel aux capitaux étrangers pour financer le développement économique.Cette volonté manifeste d’accéder à une économie de marché est encore plus perceptible dans le dernier code des investissements de 2001. Ces efforts de mise en conformité du droit interne des investissements avec le droit international des investissements sont relayés par un discours politique offensif.Néanmoins, cet environnement juridique incitatif perd de son attrait lorsqu’on le confronte, soit aux textes promulgués en matière de réglementation du commerce extérieur et la réglementation des changes, soit à l’environnement administratif dans lequel est mis en œuvre l’ensemble de ces textes de lois. Cette confrontation est particulièrement instructive quant à l’insuffisance de cohérence de la politique étatique suivie en matière d’investissement étranger. Ceci révèle la balance d’intérêt des autorités algériennes entre l’augmentation de la contribution des investissements étrangers au potentiel économique et technologique national et la sauvegarde de la souveraineté nationale.Ainsi, le questionnement de la politique législative algérienne d’investissement permet de comprendre les fondements de la doctrine algérienne des investissements étrangers. Cette compréhension favorise l’émergence d’une stratégie qui concilie attractivité et préservation des intérêts publicsThe legal framework for foreign investment in Algeria was marked by profound changes since the enactment of the first investment code in 1963 This change has not always been in line with the process of national economic development and change in the international environment . The socialist model of economic management that prevailed from the mid 60s to mid 80s gradually gave way to a gradual withdrawal of the state from the economic field. There has since been an emergence of a private sector that is still trying to find its place, a wave of privatization, liberalization of foreign trade and to rely on foreign capital to finance the development will économique.Cette Manifest access to a market economy is even more noticeable in the latest investment Code of 2001 These efforts compliance of domestic investment law with the international investment law are supported by a political speech offensif.Néanmoins, the legal environment incentive loses its appeal when confronted or to enactments in regulation of foreign trade and foreign exchange regulations, or administrative environment that is implemented in all these laws. This comparison is particularly instructive about the lack of consistency in state policy with respect to foreign investment. This reveals the balance of interest between the Algerian authorities increasing the contribution of foreign investment to national economic and technological potential and safeguarding sovereignty nationale.Ainsi, questioning the Algerian legislative investment policy allows us to understand the foundations of the Algerian doctrine of foreign investment. This understanding promotes the emergence of a strategy that balances attractiveness and preservation of public interest
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Silva, Michel Rocha da. "Previsão de safra de arroz no estado do Rio Grande do Sul através de modelagem numérica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5139.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe objective of this study was to define a methodology for monitoring a flooded rice crop forecast for Rio Grande do Sul, and to evaluate the effect of the flood time on growth, development and rice productivity. Two experiments were conducted during the 2013/14 growing season, using a randomized blocks design with four replications. The treatments in Experiment 1 were flooding in V3, V5, V8 and V9, and in Experiment 2 the treatments were flooding in V5, V8, V9 and V10. The onset of flooding did not influence the emission of leaves, the final leaf number, the final number of tillers and crop development. Leaf growth rate is affected by the onset of flooding when rainfall was less than the crop evapotranspiration. It is not clear if kernel yield is or not affected by the time that flooding starts. To define a methodology for monitoring a flooded rice crop forecast for Rio Grande do Sul, the SimulArroz rice model were coupled to regional climate model RegCM4 for generation the daily seasonal forecast. Nine members of RegCM4 model were used, with different parameterization (01, 07, 10, 13, 19, 22, 31, 34 and 37) and four boots (01, 02, 3:04) per month, with daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and solar radiation. Three points with 45 km resolution grid were used for generating data of the minimum temperature (°C) maximum temperature (°C) and solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1), covering the municipalities of Restinga Seca, Itaqui and Uruguaiana. The predictions were compared with SimulArroz crop monitoring with INMET automatic weather stations data and data collected in three cropping areas in Restinga Seca and 2 in Itaqui. The compared variables were leaf emission (Haun Stage - HS), final leaf number, development stage (COUNCE et al., 2000) and productivity (Mg ha-1). The best predicting irrigated rice crop forecast in Rio Grande do Sul were: member 31 minimum temperature, member 34 maximum temperature and a member 01 solar radiation (M31M34M01); minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation boot 01 member 19 (M19S01) and; minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation boot 03 member 01 (M01S03). The seasonal forecast generated by RegCM4 model coupled to SimulArroz rice model made possible the numerical prediction of rice crop in Rio Grande do Sul.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir uma metodologia para acompanhamento e previsão de safra de arroz irrigado para o Rio Grande do Sul, e avaliar o efeito da época de inundação sobre variáveis de crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade de arroz irrigado. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos durante o ano agrícola 2013/14, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos no Experimento 1 foram: inundação em V3, V5, V8 e V9, e no Experimento 2 os tratamentos foram: inundação em V5, V8, V9 e V10. A época de inundação não influenciou a emissão de folhas, o número final de folhas, o número final de perfilhos e o desenvolvimento da cultura. A taxa de crescimento foliar quando a precipitação foi menor que a evapotranspiração da cultura do arroz. Não é clara se a produtividade de grãos é ou não afetada pela época de inundação do solo. Para definir uma metodologia para acompanhamento e previsão de safra de arroz irrigado para o Rio Grande do Sul, foi utilizado como modelo de arroz o SimulArroz, acoplado ao modelo climático regional RegCM4 para geração dos dados meteorológicos diários da previsão sazonal. Foram utilizados nove membros do modelo RegCM4, com diferentes parametrizações (01, 07, 10, 13, 19, 22, 31, 34 e 37), e quatro inicializações (01, 02, 03 e 04) por mês, com dados diários de temperatura mínima, temperatura máxima e radiação solar.Três pontos de resolução de 45 km de grade foram utilizados para geração dos dados de temperatura mínima (°C), temperatura máxima (°C) e radiação solar (MJ m-2 dia-1), abrangendo os municípios de Restinga Seca, Itaqui e Uruguaiana. As previsões foram comparadas com o acompanhamento de safra do SimulArroz rodado com dados das estações meteorológicas automáticas do INMET, e com dados observados em 3 lavouras em Restinga Seca e 2 em Itaqui. As variáveis comparadas foram emissão de folhas (Haun Stage - HS), número final de folhas, estádio de desenvolvimento (COUNCE et al., 2000) e produtividade (Mg ha-1). As melhores previsões para realizar previsão de safra de arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul foram: temperatura mínima do membro 31, temperatura máxima do membro 34 e radiação solar do membro 01 (M31M34M01); temperatura mínima, máxima e radiação solar da inicialização 01 do membro 19 (M19S01) e; temperatura mínima, máxima e radiação solar da inicialização 03 do membro 01 (M01S03). A previsão sazonal gerada pelo modelo RegCM4 acoplado ao modelo de arroz SimulArroz possibilitou a previsão numérica de safra de arroz para o Rio Grande do Sul.
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Cordeiro, Luciana de Nazaré Pinheiro. "Análise dos parâmetros principais que regem a variabilidade de concretos produzidos com agregados graúdos reciclados de concreto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96512.
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A cadeia produtiva da construção civil exerce grande influência na macroeconomia de um país. Em contrapartida, este setor destaca-se pelo consumo indiscriminado de matérias-primas não renováveis, processos produtivos ineficientes, além de uma grande quantidade de resíduos gerados. A reciclagem de materiais de construção desempenha um papel importante para a sustentabilidade visto que se tem a conservação dos recursos naturais e a redução de áreas para aterro. O foco principal dessa pesquisa é o estudo de resíduos de construção e demolição, mais especificamente os agregados graúdos reciclados de concreto (AGRC). O objetivo principal desta tese foi analisar a influência dos principais parâmetros que regem a variabilidade de concretos produzidos com agregados graúdos reciclados de concreto (AGRC), visando a transferência tecnológica. O programa experimental foi dividido em seis etapas. Nas etapas iniciais, estudou-se o resíduo de concreto, analisando a sua origem, os métodos de ensaios, para por fim realizar a caracterização dos materiais. Nas etapas intermediárias, fez-se um estudo para entender o efeito da variação granulométrica durante o processo de produção do concreto com fins estruturais. E nas etapas finais foram feitos estudos quanto à condição de saturação do AGRC. Com os resultados pode-se concluir que com um eficiente controle dos parâmetros de variabilidade do AGRC é possível produzir concretos com fins estruturais, visando dessa forma a transferência tecnológica.The construction industry supply chain has a great influence on country macro economy. In contrast, there is the indiscriminate consumption of non-renewable raw materials, production processes inefficient, plus a large amount of waste generated. The construction materials recycling plays an important role for the sustainability since it is the conservation of natural resources and reducing landfill areas. The main focus of this research is the study of construction and demolition waste, specifically recycled coarse aggregate concrete (AGRC). The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the influence of the main parameters governing the variability of concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate concrete (AGRC), aiming at technology transfer. The experimental program was divided into nine steps. In the early stages, concrete residue was studied, their origin and test methods were analyzed, and to end materials were characterized. In the intermediate stages, a study was made to understand the effect of varying particle size during the production process of structural concrete. And in the final stages studies were made in AGRC saturation condition. With the results it can be concluded that with an efficient control of AGRC variability parameter it is possible to produce concrete with structural objectives, aiming thereby to technology transfer.
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Ringienė, Laura. "Hibridinis neuroninis tinklas daugiamačiams duomenims vizualizuoti." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140912_140105-52586.
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Šio darbo tyrimų sritis yra duomenų tyryba remiantis daugiamačių duomenų vizualia analize. Tai leidžia tyrėjui betarpiškai dalyvauti duomenų analizės procese, geriau pažinti sudėtingus duomenis ir priimti geriausius sprendimus. Disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti metodą tokios duomenų projekcijos radimui plokštumoje, kad tyrėjas galėtų pamatyti ir įvertinti daugiamačių taškų tarpgrupinius panašumus/skirtingumus. Šiam tikslui pasiekti yra pasiūlytas radialinių bazinių funkcijų ir daugiasluoksnio perceptrono, turinčio ,,butelio kaklelio“ neuroninio tinklo savybes, junginys. Naujas tinklas naudojamas vizualiai daugiamačių duomenų analizei, kai atidėjimui plokštumoje arba trimatėje erdvėje taškai gaunami paskutinio paslėpto neuronų sluoksnio išėjimuose, kai į tinklo įėjimą paduodami daugiamačiai duomenys. Šio tinklo ypatybė yra ta, kad gautas vaizdas plokštumoje labiau atspindi bendrą duomenų struktūrą (klasteriai, klasterių tarpusavio artumas, taškų tarpklasterinis panašumas) nei daugiamačių taškų tarpusavio išsidėstymą.The area of research is data mining based on multidimensional data visual analysis. This allows researcher to participate in the process of data analysis directly, to understand the complex data better and to make the best decisions. The objective of the dissertation is to create a method for making a multidimensional data projection on the plane such that the researcher could see and assess the intergroup similarities and differences of multidimensional points. In order to achieve the target, a new hybrid neural network is proposed and investigated. This neural network integrates the ideas both of the radial basis function neural network and that of a multilayer perceptron, which has the properties of a ''bottleneck'' neural network. The new network is used for the visual analysis of multidimensional data in such a way that the output values of the neurons of the last hidden layer are the two-dimensional or three-dimensional projections of the multidimensional data, when the multidimensional data is given to the network. A peculiarity of the network is that the visualization results on the plane reflect the general structure of the data (clusters, proximity between clusters, intergroup similarities of points) rather than the location of multidimensional points.
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Ringienė, Laura. "Hybrid neural network for multidimensional data visualization." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140912_140117-42267.
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The area of research is data mining based on multidimensional data visual analysis. This allows researcher to participate in the process of data analysis directly, to understand the complex data better and to make the best decisions. The objective of the dissertation is to create a method for making a multidimensional data projection on the plane such that the researcher could see and assess the intergroup similarities and differences of multidimensional points. In order to achieve the target, a new hybrid neural network is proposed and investigated. This neural network integrates the ideas both of the radial basis function neural network and that of a multilayer perceptron, which has the properties of a ''bottleneck'' neural network. The new network is used for the visual analysis of multidimensional data in such a way that the output values of the neurons of the last hidden layer are the two-dimensional or three-dimensional projections of the multidimensional data, when the multidimensional data is given to the network. A peculiarity of the network is that the visualization results on the plane reflect the general structure of the data (clusters, proximity between clusters, intergroup similarities of points) rather than the location of multidimensional points.Šio darbo tyrimų sritis yra duomenų tyryba remiantis daugiamačių duomenų vizualia analize. Tai leidžia tyrėjui betarpiškai dalyvauti duomenų analizės procese, geriau pažinti sudėtingus duomenis ir priimti geriausius sprendimus. Disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti metodą tokios duomenų projekcijos radimui plokštumoje, kad tyrėjas galėtų pamatyti ir įvertinti daugiamačių taškų tarpgrupinius panašumus/skirtingumus. Šiam tikslui pasiekti yra pasiūlytas radialinių bazinių funkcijų ir daugiasluoksnio perceptrono, turinčio ,,butelio kaklelio“ neuroninio tinklo savybes, junginys. Naujas tinklas naudojamas vizualiai daugiamačių duomenų analizei, kai atidėjimui plokštumoje arba trimatėje erdvėje taškai gaunami paskutinio paslėpto neuronų sluoksnio išėjimuose, kai į tinklo įėjimą paduodami daugiamačiai duomenys. Šio tinklo ypatybė yra ta, kad gautas vaizdas plokštumoje labiau atspindi bendrą duomenų struktūrą (klasteriai, klasterių tarpusavio artumas, taškų tarpklasterinis panašumas) nei daugiamačių taškų tarpusavio išsidėstymą.
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Guerra, Viviane da Silva. "CLIMATOLOGIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL BASEADO EM QUATRO ESQUEMAS CONVECTIVOS DO MODELO CLIMÁTICO REGIONAL REGCM3." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10261.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis paper presents the climatology of precipitation for the state of Rio Grande do Sul using the regional climate model RegCM3, 3rd version of the model. Four 30- year Climatologies were carried for the interval from 1975 to 2005 for the four convective schemes present in the model, Grell (1993) that has two locks, Arakawa and Schubert (1974) and Frisch and Chappell (1980), the modified Kuo by Anthes (1977) and Emanuell (1991). For each convective scheme were made four Climatologies one for each season: Summer, Autumn, Winter and Spring. From real data drawn from various sources and compiled by Liebmann and Allured, (2005), quarterly Climatologies were developed with real data (Observed) making it possible to analyze the sensitivity of the convective schemes through the Simulated Climatologies by RegCM3. The work also presents statistical analyzes to evaluate the performance of each convective scheme relating to the pattern of precipitation found in Climatologies of real data and also the climatological distribution variability, climatological distribution frequency and climatological precipitation anomalies .To analyze the distribution were evaluated daily average rainfall and maximum daily rainfall daily maximum minimum. To evaluate the dispersion between the observed and simulated values, were made measured dispersion and correlation with a significance level of 99%, the calculus of quantiles, standard deviation, IQR, RMSE and it was possible to estimate with higher degree of certainty which convective scheme can get closer to the observed climatology.
O presente trabalho apresenta as climatologias de precipitação para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando o modelo climático regional RegCM3, 3ª versão do modelo. Foram realizadas quatro climatologias de 30 anos para o intervalo de 1975 a 2005 para os quatro esquemas convectivos presentes no modelo, Grell que possui dois fechamentos, Arakawa e Schubert e Frisch e Chappell, o esquema Kuo modificado por Anthes e Emanuell. Para cada esquema convectivo foram feitas quatro climatologias sendo uma para cada estação do ano: Verão, Outono, Inverno e Primavera. A partir de dados reais retirados de diversas fontes e compilados por Liebmann e Allured, (2005), foram desenvolvidas climatologias trimestrais com dados reais (Observados) o que possibilitou analisar a sensibilidade dos esquemas convectivos através das climatologias simuladas pelo RegCM3. O Trabalho ainda apresenta análises estatísticas para avaliar o comportamento de cada esquema convectivo em relação padrão de precipitação encontrada nas climatologias de dados reais, bem como a variabilidade na distribuição climatológica, freqüência de distribuição climatológica, anomalias de precipitação climatológica. Para análise da distribuição diária foram avaliadas médias diárias de precipitação bem como a precipitação máxima diária e mínima máxima diária. Para avaliar a dispersão entre os valores Observados e Simulados, foram feitas medidas de dispersão como correlação a um nível de significância de 99%, cálculo do Quantis, Desvio Padrão, IQR, RMSE e assim foi possível estimar com um nível maior de certeza qual esquema convectivo consegue se aproximar mais da climatologia observada.
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Baron, Mathilde. "Étude et édition des "Regum Aragonum res geste" de Gonzalo García de Santa María (début du XVIe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841537.
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Les Regum Aragonum res geste sont une vaste chronique latine rédigée par le juriste aragonais Gonzalo García de Santa María au début du XVIe siècle, à Saragosse. Elles narrent les exploits des rois d'Aragon à partir du VIIIe siècle et jusqu'à la mort d'Alphonse V en 1458. L'objet de cette thèse est de mettre au jour le texte de cette œuvre non seulement inédite, mais longtemps considérée comme perdue, à partir d'un brouillon autographe conservé à la Biblioteca de Catalunya. Le présent travail offre donc le matériau nécessaire à l'examen d'hypothèses formulées in absentia sur ce texte et sa place dans le panorama de l'historiographie aragonaise autour de 1500. L'édition poursuit deux objectifs : la constitutio textus et l'exposition des processus d'élaboration textuelle dont témoigne le manuscrit. L'étude introductive définit le contexte de production de la chronique. Une analyse codicologique examine d'abord les conditions matérielles de réalisation de l'unique témoin conservé. Puis les diverses influences ayant déterminé la rédaction du propos sont envisagées sous plusieurs biais : inscription de l'auteur dans différents réseaux sociaux, politiques et culturels ; rapports de l'œuvre aux chroniques de Vagad et Marineo Sículo ; modèles littéraires et historiographiques. Ce travail prétend montrer, in fine, comment les Regum Aragonum res geste prennent part, à leur manière, aux débats stylistiques, historiques et idéologiques de leur temps. Il se veut également un nouveau coup de projecteur sur un foyer historiographique particulièrement actif dans la capitale aragonaise, au début du XVIe siècle, et dont les diverses dynamiques sont en cours d'exploration.
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S?, Cassia Alves de. "Coleta de recursos gluc?dios por vespas sociais: mecanismos que regem seu padr?o de atividade di?rio." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/317.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The daily activity pattern of social wasps can be influenced by different mechanisms such as environmental restrictions or interspecific interactions. However, the importance of interspecific interactions on the determination of the daily activity patterns may decrease on habitats with high environmental complexity. In this sense, we evaluated two hypotheses in order to understand what factors affect the daily activity patterns of social wasps: 1) The abundance overlap of different species during the day is lower when environmental complexity is greater, and 2) Thermal restrictions may constrain wasp activity. We counted the abundance of several wasp species foraging throughout the day on extrafloral nectaries in two plantations of caupi bean: on esurrounded by a pasture matrix (low structural complexity) and the other surrounded by fruit trees (high structural complexity). Afterwards, we evaluated the abundance overlap during the day, the abundance variations per hour and the preferential time of start and end of day activity. Temporal overlapping between species during the day was high for both plantations. The majority of species had a bimodal abundance pattern, with one abundance peak during the morning and the other during the afternoon. Species of major size started their activity during later hours, while species of minor size were active on every hour. These results indicate two scenarios: first, competition seems to below in these communities and second, temperature seems to be particularly restrictive for the activity of species of greater size.
A coleta de recursos gluc?dios pelas vespas sociais ao longo do dia pode variar como resposta a diferentes mecanismos, podendo responder a restri??es ambientais ou a intera??es interespec?ficas. Por?m, a import?ncia relativa das intera??es interespec?ficas pode ser reduzida em sistemas com maior complexidade ambiental. Para compreender esse efeito, avaliamos as seguintes hip?teses: 1) A sobreposi??o nos hor?rios de forrageamento das esp?cies de vespas sociais ao longo do dia ? menor quando a complexidade ambiental ? maior e 2) o padr?o de atividade di?rio das vespas ao longo do dia ? determinado por restri??es ambientais. Para isso, quantificamos a abund?ncia de diferentes esp?cies de vespas sociais forrageando em nect?rios extraflorais em duas planta??es de do feij?o caupi: uma circundada por matriz de pasto (baixa complexidade estrutural) e outra por frut?feras (alta complexidade estrutural). Iniciamos as observa??es e coletas ao longo do dia, depois que os NEFs do feij?o estavam ativos, e avaliamos o padr?o de sobreposi??o temporal de abund?ncia, o padr?o de abund?ncia em cada hor?rio, bem como a rela??o entre o hor?rio de in?cio e fim de atividade e o tamanho de cada esp?cie. A sobreposi??o temporal foi alta para as duas ?reas. O padr?o de abund?ncia foi bimodal ao longo do dia. As esp?cies de maior tamanho entraram em atividade em hor?rios mais tardios enquanto as esp?cies de pequeno tamanho n?o apresentaram um padr?o de inicio e fim de atividade. Esses resultados indicam que a competi??o entre esp?cies de vespas sociais ? baixa, permitindo a alta sobreposi??o do hor?rio de atividade nas duas ?reas. J? a temperatura parece restringir o hor?rio de atividade para vespas de grande porte.
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López, Díaz Víctor Manuel. "La conflictividad laboral en el área metropolitana de Barcelona (1961-1975)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400470.
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Esta investigación se origina con el interés de demostrar el papel relevante que tuvo la conflictividad laboral en la vida sociopolítica y económica en el marco catalán y estatal convirtiendo al movimiento obrero en el movimiento social más fuerte de la época, a través de las huelgas y otras modalidades de protesta, que aunque de carácter ilegal, fueron una realidad habitual en las relaciones laborales, y a su vez un elemento de tensión política continuada dada las actitudes represivas de empresarios y de las autoridades gubernamentales.
La ubicación espacio-temporal está localizada en el área metropolitana de Barcelona entre los años 1961-1975. Comprende toda la etapa del desarrollismo franquista, en un periodo de importante transformación social que trajo el crecimiento económico de los sesenta junto con la forma cambiante de Barcelona y su área metropolitana, y los años posteriores de crisis económica derivada de crisis del petróleo, en los que hubo una extraordinaria agitación obrera manifestada en numerosos conflictos laborales. Esta zona, a nivel estatal, fue de los lugares donde el movimiento obrero alcanzó una mayor relevancia y tuvo una gran trasformación, a partir de la experiencia de la clase obrera local combinada con una nueva clase trabajadora procedente de la inmigración que contribuyó a rejuvenecer la clase obrera catalana.
La investigación se inicia con una introducción al contexto socio-histórico de la época que antecede a un análisis del sindicato vertical y especialmente hacia la figura de los Jurados de empresa, basado en los ejemplos prácticos de la empresa Soler Almirall y del Banco Central que representan dos modelos muy dispares en cuanto a sus características. También ocupa un lugar destacado la relación del movimiento obrero con otros movimientos sociales: apostólicos cristianos, autónomos obreros y militancia femenina. Se trata de demostrar de cómo los repertorios de acción colectiva obrera consiguieron extrapolarse en el conjunto de los movimientos sociales y de las aportaciones realizadas por éstos hacia el movimiento obrero.
La temática principal de la tesis versa sobre las características de la conflictividad laboral. A modo introductorio, el octavo capítulo discurre sobre la legislación de huelgas laborales, en el que se indaga y compara la legislación de la II República, la franquista y la constitucional. El estudio sobre las características de la conflictividad laboral está reforzado por una extensa base de datos de elaboración propia que abarca las características, con un orden cronológico, de cada uno de los conflictos: periodización, empresas, causas, sectores de producción, localización geográfica, tamaño, duración, resolución e incidencias (formas de lucha). En la base de datos que aparece como parte propia de la investigación, se incluyen primordialmente los conflictos de cierta magnitud y duración que afectaban al normal desarrollo de la producción: paro total o parcial, bajo rendimiento y huelga de horas extra, así como las movilizaciones políticas-sindicales. Asimismo se agregan cuadros cuantitativos sobre cada uno de los capítulos y sus consiguientes subcapítulos, en los que surge una relación numérica y porcentual de carácter anual y a partir de 1969, trimestral que nos ayuda a comprender la dinámica y la tendencia de la conflictividad en cada uno de los años e incluso dentro de los periodos de un mismo año. Las principales fuentes utilizadas para la elaboración de la base de datos son la prensa legal y la clandestina.This research emerge on the interest of demonstrating the important role played by labor unrest in the socio-political and economic life in the Catalan and Spanish state framework making the labor movement one of the strongest social movement of the time, through strikes and other forms of protest, which although illegal, were a common reality in labor relations, and it turns to be an element of continued political tension that came from the repressive attitudes of businessmen and government authorities. The spatiotemporal location is placed on the Barcelona metropolitan area in between the years 1961-1975. It includes the entire stage of the Francoist economical develop, a period of significant social transformation that brought economic growth in the sixties along with the changing shape of Barcelona and its Metropolitan area, and subsequent years of economic crisis stemming from oil crisis which caused an extraordinary labor unrest assumed in numerous labor disputes. This geographical area, statewide, was one of the places where the labor movement reached greater relevance and triggered a great transformation, that arise of the experience of the combined local working class with a new working class that comes from immigration who helped to renovate Catalan working class. The investigation begins with an introduction to the socio-historical context of the subjects exposed above and goes along an analysis of the Sindicato Vertical Spanish Vertical Union and especially related to the figure of the Jurados de Empresa, Company Juries, based on practical examples of the company Soler Almirall and the Banco Central who represent two very different models in their features. Also figures in this work prominently labor movement's relationship with other social movements: Apostolic Christians, autonomous workers and female militancy. It tries to prove how the events of collective action extrapolated in all the social movements and the contributions made by them towards the labor movement. The main theme of the thesis deals with the characteristics of the labor unrest. By way of introduction, the eighth chapter runs on labor strikes legislation, which investigates and compares the legislation of the Second Republic era, the Francoist and Constitutional periods. The study on the characteristics of the labor unrest is reinforced by an extensive database covering the characteristics, with a chronological order, each of the conflicts: periodization, businesses, causes, production sectors, geographical location, size, duration, resolution and incidents (forms of struggle). In the database it appears as itself part of the investigation, and are included primarily conflicts of a certain magnitude and duration, affecting the normal development of production: total or partial unemployment, poor performance and strike overtime and mobilizations political-union. Quantitative tables are also added on each of the chapters and subchapters resulting, in which numerical and percentage ratio of every year and from 1969 it’s made on a quarterly basis, which helps to understand the dynamics and the tendency of how conflict arises in every year and even in shorter periods. The main sources used for the preparation of the database are the legal and clandestine press.
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Järvinen, Anna, and Louise Landmark. "Fysioterapeuten – en viktig rådgivare och behandlare för kvinnor med graviditetsrelaterade bäcken- och ländryggsbesvär : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68940.
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Bakgrund: Vid graviditet sker många olika förändringar i kroppen, bland annat utsöndras hormonet relaxin vilket leder till ökad rörlighet i kroppens leder. Besvär från bäcken- och ländrygg är vanligt förekommande vid graviditet. När dessa besvär uppkommer är fysioterapeutens uppgift att följa de riktlinjer som tagits fram av Fysioterapeuternas Riksförbund. Fysisk aktivitet har visat sig vara en av de bättre strategierna för att förebygga och behandla graviditetsrelaterade besvär. Fysioterapeuterna är den tredje största professionen inom hälso- och sjukvård i västvärlden. Det är därför viktigt att förstå fysioterapeuternas roll vid graviditet och postpartum. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva fysioterapeuters roll vid graviditetsrelaterade bäcken- och ländryggsbesvär. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats och analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, urvalet av deltagare var strategiskt. Fyra fysioterapeuter med i genomsnitt drygt 24 års kliniska erfarenheter deltog. Resultat: Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i en huvudkategori; Fysioterapeutens roll vid graviditetsrelaterade bäcken- och ländryggsbesvär och tre kategorier; (i) Fysioterapeuten som behandlare, (ii) Fysioterapeutens förhållande till teoretisk respektive praktisk kunskap samt (iii) Fysioterapeutens syn på patientens roll i kontakten. Varje kategori har i sin tur underkategorier som täcker området för huvudkategorin. Konklusion: Resultatet visade att den vanligaste typen av behandling var individanpassad träning. Deltagarna ansåg sig ha tillräcklig kompetens för att behandla graviditetsrelaterade bäcken- och ländryggsbesvär men tyckte att erfarenheten var bristande. Slutligen skulle ett bättre samarbete mellan fysioterapeut och övriga vårdgivare kunna bidra till ett bättre omhändertagande vid denna typ av besvär.
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Glansholm, Ursula. "Den utopiska samhällsvisionens utveckling, från anarki till totalitär regim : Litteratur i urval om utopiernas metamorfos, från utopi till dystopi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21850.
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Abstract Utopin betecknar det ideala landet där rättvisa råder. Det klasslösa samhället är uppbyggt på självhushållning och maximen bygger på frihet, jämlikhet och broderskap, en grundtanke föregripande den franska revolutionen. 1516 skrev St Thomas More sitt klassiska verk Utopia och myntade ett ämnesöverskridande uttryck samt skapade en litterär genre. More tänkte aldrig realisera sin utopi, författandets syfte var samhällskritiskt med tonvikt på hur ett samhälle skulle kunna vara, inte hur det skulle bli. Men den utopiska traditionen föddes inte med More, redan under antiken florerade muntliga och skriftliga visioner om ett bättre samhälle. Ofta framställs de litterära utopierna som elyseiska idealstater där ekonomin inte är en styrande drivkraft och rättvisa mellan invånarna är viktig. Här lyser dystopins totalitära regimer med sin frånvaro då samhällsvisionerna är komponerade enligt humanismens anda. Den bärande tanken är att människan är god och medborgarnas perspektiv utilitaristiskt, en föreställning som förändrades under 1900-talet då samhällsstyret tycks ha förlorat tron på individen. Steget har gått från utopi till dystopi då en förhärskande centralmakt av upphöjda dirigerar invånarnas liv in i minsta detalj. Övervakningssystemet är minutiöst och den autokratiska regimen bestämmer godtyckligt vem som får leva och vem som skall dö. Utopin och dystopin kan uppfattas som varandras motpoler där levnadssätt, uppbyggnad och styre förefaller vara väsensskilda från varandra trots att de är sprungna ur samma källa, samhällskritikens. Men skillnaden är skenbar, utvecklingslinjen som följer den utopiska traditionen fram till dystopiernas vardande visar att differenserna mellan utopi och dystopi kan förankras i samtidens samhällstendenser snarare än en reviderad människouppfattning sedd ur omvärldens perspektiv. Dystopin som genre är ett komplicerat ämne då det inte finns någon klar definiering av vad som särskiljer dystopin från utopin och för att problematisera frågan ytterligare används stundom begrepp som anti-utopi och utopi synonymt med dystopin. I uppsatsen kommer dystopifrågan att utredas med avsikten att visa vilka rimliga kännetecken som särskiljer dystopin från utopin och hur avgränsningen utopi/dystopi bör betraktas dels genom att undersöka olika forskares ståndpunkter i dystopifrågan, dels genom en närstudie av George Orwells 1984, Aldous Huxleys Du sköna nya värld, Karin Boyes Kallocain och Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 vilka ofta framställs som viktiga exempel dystopilitteratur författad under 1900-talet.
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Silva, Juliana Sylvestre da. "A materia de Bretanha e a historiografia medieval : da historia Regum Britanniae as primeiras cronicas peninsulares em lingua romance." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270225.
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Orientador: Alexandre Soares CarneiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A Historia Regum Brittaniae (História dos reis da Bretanha), de Geoffrey de Monmouth - escrita por volta de 1136 -, é conhecida como a primeira manifestação escrita da literatura arturiana, também chamada Matéria de Bretanha. A partir desta obra, muitos escritores compuseram seus trabalhos baseados na lendária história medieval do monarca da Bretanha: o rei Artur. Desde então, a história do rei Artur tem sido usada tanto como fato real quanto como ficcional em vários textos e contextos. Esse estudo, além dessa incorporação do material arturiano - desde o século XlI até o XIV - por parte dos romans ao longo da literatura medieval, pretende analisar o uso deste material nos primeiros textos históricos peninsulares escritos em língua vernácula: a General Estoria (1272-1284), de Afonso X, O Sábio, e o Livro de Linhagens (1340-1344), composto por Pedro de Barcelos
Abstract: The Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the kings of Britain) - written in 1136 by Geoffiey of Monmouth -, is known as the first written Arthurian material. From this, many writers have composed our works based on that legendary medieval sovereign of Britain: the King Arthur. Since that time, the king Arthur's history has been used as much as real or fiction fact in various texts and contexts. This present study, besides this Arthurian material incorporation - from the twelfth to the fourteenth century - by the romans through the medieval literature, intends to analyse the use of this Arthurian material in the first peninsular historic texts written in vernacular language: the General Estoria (1272-1284), by Afonso, The Wise, and the Livro de Linhagens (1340-1344), composed by Pedro de Barcelos
Mestrado
Literatura Portuguesa
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
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Batista, Rafael Jonas Righi. "Climatologia e previsão climatológica, via modelo RegCM3, de índices de conforto térmico para a região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-16032013-100911/.
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Como o tempo e o clima influenciam o homem e a sociedade são alvos de estudo desde que Hipócrates, 400 a.C., escreveu \"Ares, águas e lugares\". A partir do século XX, desenvolveram-se índices de conforto térmico (CT) que, apesar de apresentarem limitações, mostraram-se capazes de quantificar essas interações através de uma aplicação maleável e acessível. Observa-se que apesar de parte dos estudos biometeorológicos abordarem as mudanças climáticas, poucos tratam da projeção de índices para cenários futuros. Assim, o objetivo geral desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento climatológico do Índice de Desconforto (ID), Temperatura Resultante (TR) e Temperatura Resultante com o vento (TRv) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e projetá-los para o futuro, através das simulações do modelo regional climático (MCR) RegCM3, para os anos de 1960 a 1990, 2010 a 2040 e 2070 a 2100. O MCR foi forçado pelo Modelo de Circulação Geral da Atmosfera (MCGA) ECHAM5, de acordo com o cenário de emissões A1B, estabelecido pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Assim, é realizada uma avaliação dos meses de maior desconforto na RMSP com base nos dados da estação meteorológica do IAG através dos quantis. Maior foco é dado nos quantis superiores e inferiores (QS e QI) que representam as situações de maior desconforto e exercem influência em populações vulneráveis, como a dos idosos. A Raíz Quadrada do Erro Médio elevado ao Quadrado (RMSE) e o Erro Médio (EM, viés) das séries de dados, simuladas e observadas, demonstram uma subestimativa da temperatura para todo o ano, por parte do modelo. Já o RMSE e EM, da umidade relativa e vento, variam de acordo com a época do ano, possuindo períodos de maior e menor precisão. A título comparativo, também foram obtidos o RMSE e EM dos índices de conforto térmico simulados e observados. No período de 1960-1990, ID passa de 17,4°C para 20,1°C em 2070-2100, representando um aumento de 2,8°C; enquanto que TRv vai de 11,8°C para 14,7°C no mesmo período, tendo aumento de 2,9°C. Nota-se que o aumento de ID ocorre de forma gradativa com o passar dos anos, diferentemente de TRv, que aumenta de forma significativa a partir de 2070. Observa-se também que as médias diárias de ID e TRv tendem a se distribuir em quantis intermediários e superiores, indicando que ao longo dos anos, a RMSP tende a ter noites e tardes mais quentes, traduzindo em invernos menos desconfortáveis (em relação ao frio) e verões mais desconfortáveis (em relação ao calor). Os resultados obtidos corroboram IPCC (2007b), que também aponta para uma redução dos dias frios em regiões de médias e baixas latitudes, associado a um aumento na ocorrência de ondas de calor, de forma a oferecer grandes riscos à populações vulneráveis.How weather and climate influence man and society, are main targets since Hippocrates wrote \"Airs, waters and places\", 400 BC. Thermal comfort indices, in development since the twentieth century, are able to quantify these interactions by flexible and accessible applications, despite their own limitations. Although part of the biometeorological studies address climate change, only few deals with future scenarios. Therefore, the main objective is to evaluate the climatological behavior of thermal comfort indices, such as the Discomfort Index (ID), Resultant Temperature (TR) and the Resultant Temperature with the wind (TRv) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). Climatological behavior is analyzed for three time slices (1960 to 1990, 2010 to 2040 and 2070 to 2100) through the Regional Climate Model (RCM) RegCM3. The RCM is forced by General Circulation Model (GCM) ECHAM5, according to the A1B emissions scenario, established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). More attention is given to the superior and inferior quantiles (QS and QI) representing the situations of greater thermal discomfort because of their influence on vulnerable populations such as elderly people. An initial assessment about the months of greatest discomfort in MRSP was made based on data from the meteorological station of IAG. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Mean Error (EM, related to bias) of the time series from observed and simulated data show a models underestimation of the temperature throughout the year. The RMSE and EM for relative humidity and wind vary with the season containing periods of higher and lower accuracy. The RMSE and EM for simulated and observed indices were obtained as well due to comparison reasons. In 1960-1990 period, ID presents an average of 17.4°C and in 2070-2100, an average of 20.1°C, representing an increasing of 2.8°C; meanwhile TRv goes from 11.8°C to 14.7°C over the same period, an increasing of 2.9°C. It is show that ID is increased gradually over the years, unlike TRV, which significantly increases from 2070. It is also observed that daily means of ID and TRv in future tends to be distributed in middle and upper quantiles, indicating that the MRSP tends to have nights and afternoons that will be warmer over the years, translating into less uncomfortable winters (cold related) and more uncomfortable summers (heat related). The results corroborate IPCC (2007b) which also points to a reduction of cold days in regions of middle and low latitudes, associated with an increased occurrence of heat waves providing great risks to vulnerable populations.
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Diehl, Rafael de Mesquita. "O poder régio e suas atribuições no Speculum Regum (1341-1344) do franciscano Àlvaro Pelayo, Bispo de Silves (1333-1350)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/30088.
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa analisar a concepção que o frade franciscano galego Álvaro Pelayo (Bispo de Silves entre 1333 e 1350) tem do poder régio e suas atribuições. A obra Speculum Regum ("O Espelho dos Reis"), dedicada ao rei Afonso XI de Castela (1312-1350), define as origens do poder régio, suas competências e enuncia um longo programa de governo baseado no exercício das virtudes cardeais. Assim, o autor busca expor ao rei como este deve governar, baseando-se em interpretações das Escrituras, dos Padres da Igreja, das Leis Canônicas e do Direirto Romano. A redação do Speculum Regum iniciou-se um ano após a vitória portuguesa e castelhana sobre os muçulmanos na Batalha do Salado (1340) e encerrou-se no ano de 1344, com a tomada de Algeciras pelo rei castelhano, que, apoiado pelo episcopado em sua contínua guerra contra as hostes islâmicas na Península, buscava mostrar-se como um rei cruzado, miles Christi. Ao mesmo tempo em que Afonso XI atuava politicamente com o apoio do episcopado, o rei Afonso IV de Portugal envolveu-se em conflitos de jurisdição com alguns bispos de seu reino, incluindo a Sé de Silves. Apoiando-nos em estudos sobre a Igreja, a história das idéias políticas e o contexto ibérico do século XIV, buscaremos entender as concepções do bispo Pelayo inseridas nos fatos vivenciados por ele no contexto das controvérsias da ordem franciscana, no conflito entre os poderes espiritual e secular, bem como a atuação episcopal de Álvaro Pelayo em Silves no contexto dos reinados de Afonso IV em Portugal e Afonso XI em Castela.
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Mether, August. "Internet, ett hot mot världens mest auktoritära regim? : En kvantitativ studie om internetanvändningens effekt på kinesiska medborgares attityd till staten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384298.
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This study investigates the relationship between the confidence in the Chinese government and internet usage of Chinese citizens. The number of internet users is large and keeps growing in China, but so does the amount of internet censorship. Previous research has suggested that internet usage tends to make citizens more sceptical towards authoritarian regimes. The aim with this study was to find out if this theory can be proven when studying China. The government's popularity among the people and the effective censorship of the internet makes China a least-likely case. This field should be examined because it is important to find out if citizens using the internet can potentially be of any threat to the world's most powerful authoritarian regime. By using the fourth wave of the Asian Barometer survey, a multiple regression was put together. The attitude towards the government was used as the dependant variable and internet usage as the independent variable with education, income, age, gender and location as control variables. The result shows that internet usage did correlate with respondents being more sceptical towards the government but the effect was not very strong. When including age in the multivariate regression the effect of internet usage halved, although the effect of internet usage remained statistically significant. The result of the study might indicate that internet usage in authoritarian regimes does make people a bit more sceptical towards the government, despite the internet being censored.
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Berg, Frida. "Turkiet: en auktoritär regim? : En fallstudie om varför Turkiets väg mot en demokrati stagnerat och istället tagit en auktoritär politisk riktning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70116.
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This paper addresses the issue of why Turkey has failed to develop and consolidate democracy in the regime. The aim of this paper was to analyze Turkey’s movement towards an authoritarian regime by examining institutions, the military, civil society and other contextual factors from 2004 to 2016. The method that was applied to this study was a case study were theories about democracy and transition were used to analyze Turkey’s declining development of democracy. The results show that several cases of corruption and the lack of political neutrality within important institutions have had a negative impact on the regime. The military’s influence on the political power has decreased although the military still has a significant role within the regime. The right to express your word of opinion by taking part in demonstrations is strictly constrained due to reforms by the government. Conflicts between the PKK movement and the Turkish government has contributed to the unstable political situation in the country. One can draw the conclusion that all of these factors have had an impact on Turkey’s development towards an authoritarian regime, but unprecedented behavior within the institutions, an authoritarian leadership by the president and increasing religious influence have had the greatest impact on Turkey’s way towards an undemocratic governance.
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Silva, Brunno Santos de Freitas. "Avaliação da expressão das proteínas Twist, Caderina-E, e p-Akt nos eventos que regem a progressão do carcinoma epidermóide oral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-07112011-095810/.
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A carcinogênese oral é um processo multifásico, onde componentes genéticos levam a desregulação de vias de sinalização celular que controlam funções celulares básicas, como divisão, diferenciação e morte celular. Uma das maneiras de compreender a natureza biológica dos cânceres, além do curso clínico, é através do entendimento do processo de progressão e metástase destas neoplasias. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a participação da proteína Twist no desenvolvimento e progressão dos carcinomas epidermóides orais. Com tal proposta, também foi avaliada a participação das proteínas caderina-E e p-Akt, e sua possível interação com Twist no processo de carcinogênese oral. O trabalho em questão analisou a expressão imuno-histoquímica destas proteínas em 30 espécimes de displasia oral, 20 de carcinoma epidermóide oral e 10 de mucosa oral normal, e avaliou também a possível inter-relação dessas proteínas em linhagens derivadas de carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço por meio dos ensaios de Western Blotting e imunofluorescência. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram uma relação inversamente proporcional entre Twist e caderina-E desde os estágios mais precoces da carcinogênese oral. Tal afirmação baseou-se na presença de diferenças significantes entre a expressão imuno-histoquímica de Twist e Caderina-E na amostras de epitélio oral, epitélio displásico e nos espécimes de carcinoma epidermóide oral. Adicionalmente, foi observada a relação inversa entre Twist e a Caderina-E nas linhagens de carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço, sendo este evento constatado pelo decréscimo nos níveis protéicos da Caderina-E frente a uma elevação de Twist. Estes resultados sugerem um importante papel de Twist na progressão do carcinoma epidermóide oral, e juntamente com a Caderina-E, pode representar um relevante marcador biológico do câncer oral.The oral carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process, where genetic components leads to deregulation of cell signaling pathways that control basic cellular functions such as division, differentiation and cell death. One way to understand the biological nature of cancers, besides the clinical course, is through understanding the process of progression and metastasis of these neoplasms. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Twist protein in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas. With this proposal, was also evaluated the involvement of E-cadherin and p-Akt proteins, and its possible interaction with Twist in the process of oral carcinogenesis. The work in question examined the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in 30 specimens of oral dysplasia, 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 normal oral mucosa, and also evaluated the possible interrelationship of these proteins in lines derived from squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck by means of Western blotting assays and immunofluorescence. The results of this study showed an inverse relationship between Twist and E-cadherin since the earliest stages of oral carcinogenesis. These results were based on the presence of significant differences between the immunohistochemical expression of Twist and ECadherin in samples of oral epithelium, dysplastic epithelium and in specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, we observed the inverse relationship between Twist and E-Cadherin in the lines of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck; this event was evidenced by the decrease in protein levels of E-Cadherin forward to a high of Twist. These results suggest an important role of Twist in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and along with E-cadherin may represent a relevant biomarker of oral cancer.
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Laurén, Mikaela, and Jenny Krondahl. "Tre små berättelser och en läroboksskildring om Sovjetunionen under Stalins regim : En historiedidaktisk analys av fiktionens potential i historieundervisningen på gymnasiet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43885.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate what three fictional narratives can contribute to the history education in Swedish upper secondary school and how they stand in comparison to a history textbook. We focus on narratives about the Soviet Union during the reign of Stalin from the end of the 1920’s to 1953. The studied material consists of One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich by Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn, the graphic novel Survilo by Olga Lavrentieva and the film Mr. Jones directed by Agnieszka Holland. These fictional narratives are compared to the history textbook Perspektiv på historien 1b from Gleerups. To enable an analysis and discussion about the fictional narratives contribution to history education a narrative method focusing the structure and content of the stories is used. The fictional stories were analyzed and compared to the textbook. The result was then discussed in relation to previous research, the curriculum and history didactical theory. The study found that the fictional narratives all depict the individual perspective and the human experience, whilst the textbook focuses on the wider perspective of the history of the Soviet Union. We came to the conclusion that the fictional narratives contribute with a human perspective but that the wider picture of the textbook cannot be excluded.
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Janguiê, Bezerra Diniz João. "Carta precatória executória na Justiça do Trabalho : para uma gestão eficiente e compatível com os princípios constitucionais que regem o serviço público." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6955.
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Previous issue date: 2010Faculdade Maurício de Nassau
Esta dissertação investiga a carta precatória executória e elabora parâmetros de aferição utilizando-se dos princípios da Eficiência e da Economia Processual para o controle de atos administrativos. Tendo por objetivo propor alternativas para sua aplicação, sobretudo, no Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da Sexta Região e, especialmente, pelos gestores públicos das secretarias das Varas do Trabalho e pela Corregedoria do Egrégio Tribunal Regional do Trabalho. O Estudo identifica as despesas com a expedição e recebimento das cartas precatórias executórias e seus respectivos valores, na cobrança do INSS e Custas Processuais, utilizando-se principalmente de doutrina jurídica pesquisada em Alexandre de Moraes, José Cretella Junior, Tércio Ferraz Sampaio; no aspecto administrativo, por Celso Antonio Bandeira de Melo; e no âmbito da gestão pública, por José Matias-Pereira, Maria Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro, Carlos Henrique Fêu. A eficiência constitui dever do administrador público de pautar sua atividade na produção do resultado almejado pela sociedade com menor custo ou desgaste social. A correta utilização dos recursos disponíveis apresenta-se como determinante para que a administração alcance resultados eficientes. O Estudo sugere uma transformação na gestão do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho Sexta Região, voltado para possibilitar maior agilidade, eficiência e efetividade das Varas do Trabalho, tornando-as mais ágeis na prestação de serviços públicos e mais rápidas na cobrança dos créditos fiscais. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, exploratória, documental, bibliográfica e de pesquisa de campo, com estudos da legislação e do Provimento do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho Sexta Região. Por fim, o resultado do estudo revela que os custos de emissão e recebimento das cartas precatórias são altos, e baseado neste levantamento, objetivará a criação de um valor mínimo para a expedição e recebimento de carta precatória executória no Tribunal Regional da Sexta Região
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Di, Lella Francesco. "Il Roman de Brut de Inghilterra. Tradizione manoscritta e tradizioni letterarie." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL015.
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Le Roman de Brut, conservé en trente-trois manuscrits, dont dix-sept complets, est une œuvre d'importance capitale pour l'histoire de la littérature en ancien français. La thèse, faisant abstraction de la fortune du texte dans les ouvrages romanesques, se concentre sur le rôle de l'œuvre de Wace dans l'évolution de l'historiographie insulaire en langue française et dans la manière de concevoir l’histoire de la période bretonne en Angleterre, introduite ex nihilo, seulement peu d'années auparavant, par l’Historia regum Britanniae de Geoffroy de Monmouth. En particulier, la thèse vise à mettre en évidence les conséquences de ce processus sur la tradition manuscrite du texte en analysant certains choix d'organisation des codices, certaines variantes et des rédactions partiellement différentes. Cependant, l'œuvre de Wace n'est pas isolée, mais se situe au cœur d'un vaste ensemble de traductions et de réécritures de la chronique de Geoffroy, composées entre le XIIe et le XIVe siècles, qui relèvent de ce même processus. La tradition manuscrite du Roman de Brut s’inscrit alors dans un réseau complexe de traditions littéraires dérivées de l'Historia regum Britanniae, tout en exerçant à son tour une influence sur ce même réseau. À partir d'une analyse des manuscrits du Brut à la fois codicologique, stylistique-littéraire et ecdotique et d'une réflexion d'ensemble concernant les chroniques anglo-normandes consacrées aux rois bretons d'Angleterre, la thèse montre les différents visages de la matière bretonne au sein de cette vaste production et l’affirmation de celle-ci comme "temps des origines" dans l'histoire d'AngleterreThe Roman de Brut, transmitted by thirty-three manuscripts – seventeen of which are complete – constitutes a fundamental text in Old French literary history. Setting aside the work’s fortune in the sphere of romance, this thesis concentrates instead on Wace’s role in regard to the evolution of French insular historiography and the modes of perception of the Breton era, a subject had been introduced ex nihilo only a few years prior by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae. Specifically,the thesis aims to illustrate the consequences of such a process on the text’s manuscript tradition, by analysing certain choices pertaining to the organization of the codices by their scribes, specific variants, and other global re-adaptations. However, Wace’s oeuvre should not be considered as an isolated entity, but should rather be placed in the context of the vast complex of re-adaptations of Geoffrey’s chronicle that appear during the 12th to 14th centuries, and that should be understood as the expression of the same process. Thus, the manuscript tradition of the Roman de Brut evolves together with the convoluted knot of literary traditions that develop from the Historia Regum Britanniae: these do not only influence Wace’s text in its manuscripts, but are themselves shaped by it in turn. Starting from a codicological, stylistic, and ecdotic analysis of the Brut manuscripts, along with a comprehensive reflection on the entirety of Anglo-Norman chronicles on the subject of the Breton era, this thesis illustrates the various faces that the Breton matter has assumed within this production, and its journey towards affirming itself as the origin myth of England’s history
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Formé, Nicolas McCollum Steven Gerald. "A critical edition of Missam hanc doubus Choris ac quatuor voce, Domine, salvum fac regem, and Ecce tu pulchra es by Nicolas Formé /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15512.
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Citro, Serena. "Traduzione e Commento ai Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata di Plutarco, (172BCDE, 176EF, 183EF, 186ABC, 186DEF, 187AB, 187BC, 187F, 188B, 188CD, 190A, 190DEF, 194CDE)." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/29331.
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Tese de doutoramento em Estudos Clássicos, no ramo de Filologia Clássica, apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de CoimbraThe research work is divided into two basic parts: the translation and commentary of some sections of the book Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata by Plutarch. In particular they have been taken into consideration the Dedicatory epistle to Trajan and the sections dealing with Agathocles, Antipater, Aristides, Alcibiades, Iphicrates, Timotheus, Phocion, Teleclus, Lysander and Pelopidas. The translation was prepared on the basis of the Latin translation by Xylander, the Italian ones by Adriani and Pettine, the English one by Babbitt, the Spanish one by Lόpez Salvá and the French one by Fuhrmann. For each anecdote the different interpretative proposals of the translators have been highlighted in the footnotes. The commentary has been developed along two lines, the former intratextual, the latter intertextual. In the first istance, the attention was paid to the study of the words used by the author, which helped to identify the frequency of some fundamental themes of ethical and political thought of Plutarch, such as the need for the governor not to be tormented by lust for wealth, not to be led astray by private interests and friendships in the management of public affairs, to be able to evaluate flexibly critical circumstances that occur from time to time, shaping the policy and operational positions to them and avoiding fruitless and stiffness intransigence. Before the eyes of the reader the author slides the long series of anecdotes, inviting them to consider which are the virtues, but also the vices that led eminent people to prosperity or to ruin. And what emerges consistently from each short story is the importance of reflection and pondering every time you are about to perform an action or reply to a question not without insolence. It is recommended and appropriate learning to tame irrational forces of the soul through the exercise of λόγος; in fact they cannot be eradicated completely. It is because of this constant and gradual exercise of self improvement that energy, which man has, can be harnessed and directed to noble deeds for those who make them and fruitful for those who benefit them. The policy ultimately cannot be separated from ethics; a politician, who is not persistent in improving his mind and free it from all forms of selfishness, will not benefit at all to those who are subjected to his command. In many cases it is possible to find in the text the words which introduce explicitly the above issues, as, for example, φιλοπλουτία, ἀδικία, δίκη, τóλμα, θάρσος, ἀργία; in other cases it can be deduced from the meaning of the anecdote which category of values the author is referring to. The presence of the terms relating to each theme, in the commentary of the individual anecdotes, are then summarized in a synoptic table in order to allow an immediate comparison of the characters and the vices/virtues attributed by the author. Another aspect investigated thoroughly is the author's appeal to rhetorical devices to give the apophthegms incisiveness, especially when the author summarizes episodes which are more extended and articulated in the Lives and other plutarchian books. In the Apophthegmata you can find especially the chiasmus, which the author often uses to contrast the thinking and acting of the character to that of his detractors; the etymological figure and the polyptoton, with which the main theme of the plutarchian reflection is repeatedly drawn inside the anecdote. It was further highlighted that in the collection of apofthegms there are two types of anecdote; there is, in most cases, the presence of apophthegmata placed at the conclusion of a synthetic context, outlined with rapid hints; but it also notes the introduction of a specific episode of war and customs of characters, devoid of judgment in the epigraph, which are also designed to emphasize an ethical feature and behavior of the character in question. The second line, that we proceeded in the research work, was the comparison of each anecdote with versions of the same occurring in other works by Plutarch. The comparison showed that in some cases the versions coincide almost entirely in the vocabulary and meaning, but on many occasions the perspective, from which the story is presented by the author, varies slightly and sometimes considerably. It has been noted in fact that some details of the anecdote are eclipsed or modified by the author based on the context in which they are placed; the same story is then molded according to the theme that the author is dealing with. In general it was found that in Apophthegmata the presentation of the characters tends to be more positive than in other works by Plutarch, operation where the author comes removing from anecdotes details that could negatively connote the character. At the base of the anecdotes they could hypothetically be the so-called ὑπομνήματα, ie raw notes that Plutarch would be recorded in the course of its various readings and which he would use in the composition of his works. It is given adequate account about this problem in a specific chapter of the thesis, which examines the theories proposed in particular by Van der Stockt, Van Meirvenne, Pelling, Städter and Beck on the nature of ὑπομνήματα. According to some of them the content of the clusters, which are groups of ὑπομνήματα, would mainly philosophical in nature, according to others mainly historical. Furthermore on the one hand it is believed that the Apohthegmata constitute a drafting stage intermediate between the hypothetical sketched ὑπομνήματα and anecdotes as are processed in different works by Plutarch. On the other hand however the collectionof apophthegms is considered complete and independent from the drafting of the Lives and Moralia, theory that appeared to me more convincing on the basis of the rhetorical and stylistic analysis that I developed. The anecdotes do not appear to a stage of stylistic poor structuring and the use of a certain category of rhetorical devices and the tendency to obscure incriminating details for the characters seem to respond to a specific purpose of the author. Another chapter is devoted to the presentation of the debate on the problematic attribution of the work to Plutarch. In this chapter we review the opinions expressed in particular by Xylander, Wyttenbach, Benseler, Volkmann, Schmidt, Sass, Weissenberger, Hartman, Babbitt, Ziegler, Flacelière, Fuhrmann and Beck, noting that the most recent studies, particularly those of Beck, the scholars tend to recognize the paternity of the collection of anecdotes. According to him and other scholars the conciseness of anecdotes than the versions, which are read in the other works by Plutarch, would not be valid indication of inauthenticity; instead it would respond to the specific needs required by the type of the literary genre.