Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régime mixte (science politique)'
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Roussel, Mélanie. "Du "bon régime"." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020020.
Full textReflecting on the concept of « good political regime » means reflecting on the best suited political organisation for the imperfect nature of man. This nature, combined with the contingency in which human action occurs, makes all tentative of perfect theoretical constructions illusionary. The « good political regime » is a fair regime and a moderate one oriented towards common good. But it is above all a government adapted to the community it intends to organise. Pragmatism and prudence are necessary in order to organise the most suitable constitution for the political community. Its sociological composition, its history, its customs and traditions are for a large part responsible in determining the constitutional solutions that can be implemented. The political regime occurs in fact in a political system which determines it in return. A “mixed” constitution has appeared for a long time as the most adequate institutional form, as it enables the fairest representation of the diversity of its interest, and the adhesion of the majority to the constitution. Its apparent disappearance in modern times is deceiving since its most distinctive features, among which moderation and equilibrium, have evolved and been transformed to adapt to new realities. Modern constitutionalism, by its attachment to the mechanisms of power distribution constitutes a perfect illustration of this phenomenon of adaptation. But it is above all the paradoxical persistence of different forms of heteronomy – sociological, moral, natural – that best exposes how the modern man has not definitively broken with the « good political regime » so dear to the Ancients
Badri, Karim. "Légitimité religieuse et transition démocratique : le cas du Maroc." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4015.
Full textThe Moroccan political system is characterized by its complexity and specificity. It is a system that tries to reconcile, on the one hand, religious legitimacy and, on the other hand, modern institutions. Hassan II, dedicated craftsman of a democracy Moroccan-style, used this specificity to refute the accusations of international organizations and Western countries about violations of human rights, considering that a universal system of Government would only be possible if men and morals were similar the world over. At the end of the 1980s, pressed by internal social movements on the one hand and an international environment conducive to a democratic opening and respect for human rights on the other hand, the monarchy had undertaken an institutional and constitutional opening while still attempting to manage the design and the consequences of this process. These controlled openings finally resulted in the undermining of the Moroccan political class. Under the pressure of the protest of February 20, 2011, spurred by the Arab spring, King Mohamed VI launched a new constitutional reform. This initiative raised high hopes of a true democratic transition but disappointment was great when considering the advances and stumbling blocks which it carried with it. Indeed, the new Constitution endorsed, as usual, the primacy of the institution of the Monarchy in the Moroccan political system. Mohamed VI’s Morocco has certainly evolved toward a less authoritarian system, nevertheless, it is far from a constitutional, democratic, parliamentary or social monarchy
Cordell, Paris Crystal. "La science politique d'Aristote : la cité et son régime." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0021.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an examination of Aristotle's political science. In the first part, the relation between modern political science and Aristotelian political science will be considered. This part includes three lines of argument: a comparison between the ancient conception of the political animal and the modern conception of the individual, originating in a pre-political state of nature; an examination of the modern rejection of Aristotelian teleology; and an analysis of contemporary uses of Aristotle's political science. The second part is devoted to an interpretation of Aristotle's political thought, and to the Aristotelian science of the political regime, in particular. This science is examined through the notions of community (koinônia), political rule (archè politikè), and prudence (phronèsis). These notions will enable us to elucidate crucial analyses concerning the political nature of man; the best regime; and the status of practical and political science
Joumblat, Ghazi. "Le régime électoral actuel au Liban." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10068.
Full textDominguez, Narez Freddy Eutimio. "Gouvernabilité et légitimation dans le régime autoritaire mexicain (1985-1995)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010280.
Full textLabastida, Martín del Campo Julio. "Mexique : légitimité et changement de régime." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA089.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study recent politic changes in Mexico (1988-2000), changes being defined as a transition of an " authoritarian " government into a " democratic " one. The main hypothesis of this work is that this period is caracterized by a change of rules in the access to power, linked with a growing contest of the legitimacy of the post-revolutionnary political system. Elements of changing in the political practice and culture in Mexico are brought in the fore thanks to an analysis of new electoral behaviours and their social context
Velasco-Cruz, Sebastião. "1974-1977, l'action patronale et le régime autoritaire brésilien au seuil de la transition." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0002.
Full textThis thesis centers on the relationship between business mobilisation and political liberalisation in 1970's Brazil, where the author tries to show the influence of the entrepreneurial class in the transition process. The work is divided in three sections. The first one deals with the campaign against state intervention in the economy which occurs between 1974 and 1976. Although current literature on this subject shows different results, the author emphasizes that political liberalisation wasn't a demand of this movement and highlights the non-participation of some fractions of the business class in it. This campaign was aimed to fight the ambitious development project of the government which was bound to alter not only the relative positions of the public and the private sectors but the specific weight of each fraction inside the private sector as well. The second section deals with one of the fractions which was absent from the participation in the above mentioned campaign : the capital goods productors. A reconstitution of the history of this segment of the business sector helps the author to conclude that the contradictions and the successive changes in economic policies entails growing inconformism inside the business class. The core of this study is the behavior of the entrepreneurial class as to liberalisation politics. From their prime position of neutrality and hostility, they progressively move to a favorable attitude since they foresee the victory of the liberalisation politics' advocates inside the army. Some theoretical findings connected with the global results of this work are discussed in the conclusion
Shibani, Mustafa. "Objectif prioritaire de la politique libyenne : création d'un état fédéral : thèse pour le Doctorat nouveau régime en science politique présentée et soutenue." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0428.
Full textThere is often a negative attitude towards libya as it is a country which is not well known and has not been studied very often. To assimilate the libyan regime to that of a totalitarian, dictatorial and even "terrorist" regime does not enable one to know and understand this country swell, for that would reguire a constant effort of analysis and research. It is in fact a country with a complex society under going constant transformation in depth. We would like to present the political and legal aspects of libyan institutions. We shall draw a detailed picture of the ideological evolution of kadhafi in order to offer a better understanding of the elements of the libyan political organisation in his past and to specify his ambitions for the future. This work also sets out the intricate machinery of the libyan political system and its relations with the nations concerned by federalism attempts. It describes the consequences of federalism and the relations of libya with the west
Grandi, Jorge. "Régime militaire et politique extérieure du Brésil : l'accord de coopération nucléaire germano-brésilien de 1975." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986IEPP0012.
Full textBigday, Maria. "L'engagement intellectuel sous régime autoritaire : les " think tankers " biélorusses entre expertise et dissidence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG038.
Full textStudying the evolution of the space of non-state social science research in Belarus, this thesis re-examines the border between science and politics, and raises the question of political role of intellectuals in post-soviet societies. In 1992, inspired by the think tank model, the Belarusian intellectual entrepreneurs set up the first national private research institutes. The new professional mode of intellectual production was presented as a tool for “de-sovietisation” of science and “democratisation” of politics. The 1995-1996 authoritarian transformation marginalised the non-state research in the field of power. In 2006, most private research institutes lose legal status and operate informally. Nonetheless, the new generation of think tankers reproduce the professional and protest character of the non-state research. In the new relations system that connects them with agents of the political field, the think tankers continue to claim the roles of “independent experts” and “public intellectuals”
Zhukova, Olga. "Agenda politique et régime de genre : comparaison sociohistorique des évolutions en Russie et en France." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869392.
Full textLecocq, Yannick. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents en régime de convection mixte - Application à l'entreposage des déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375441.
Full textDans un premier temps, lorsque le régime de convection mixte est dominant, ces calculs, réalisés par le modèle bas-Reynolds k-w SST, et complétés par un calcul isotherme, mettent en évidence de nombreuses structures tourbillonnaires recensées par la bibliographie. Un calcul avec le modèle haut-Reynolds Rij-epsilon SSG est aussi effectué. Avec le modèle k-w SST, l'échange thermique est convenablement reproduit par rapport à l'expérience VALIDA, conduite par le CEA, alors qu'avec le modèle Rij-epsilon SSG celui-ci est fortement sous-estimé, certainement en raison de l'utilisation de lois de paroi.
Dans un second temps, lorsque la convection naturelle est prépondérante, la topologie des écoulements est alors complètement différente et le transfert thermique est bien moins fidèle à l'expérience VALIDA.
Le modèle à pondération elliptique EBRSM, issu de l'approche de Durbin, consiste en la prise en compte des effets de paroi, et en particulier le blocage à la paroi. D'après ce formalisme, un modèle algébrique des flux thermiques avec pondération elliptique est développé, l'EBAFM. Avec ce modèle, des tests a priori dans les trois régimes de convection puis les simulations sur les mêmes cas montrent une nette amélioration dans la prédiction des différents écoulements faisant place à une perspective intéressante d'un modèle intermédiaire entre une formulation SGDH et des équations de transport.
Cohen, Frederic. "La question du meilleur régime politique à l'epreuve des relations internationales dans la pensée de Raymond Aron." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH004.
Full textThis dissertation explores the reasons why Raymond Aron deems it essential that the question of the best regime be framed in the context of international relations. In doing so, it seeks to draw out the full scope and political meaning of what Raymond Aron calls "the human drama" by specifying the distinction he makes between domestic politics and foreign affairs, whilst also examining the complex interactions through which he connects these two essential domains of political life. I take as a starting-point the apparent dissonance between Aron's belief in the primacy of politics as an organising principle for human affairs and his perception of modern political societies as essentially indeterminate. From there, I move on to question the singular nature of the Aronian conception of democracy and liberalism in light of the fundamental tension between the imperatives of good governance and the constraints imposed by the international system. The study of the antinomies of political action leads me to revisit the main debates between realists and idealists on the problem of war and peace, as addressed by Aron in his reflections on the Machiavellian problem and the Kantian problem. The aim here is to clarify the meaning Aron gives to political prudence by taking account of the limits inherent to the search for the best possible political order, especially in light of the existential threat raised by the prospect of thermonuclear warfare
Galhuid, Frédéric. "Le régime fiscal des délégations de services publics locaux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32034.
Full textNatielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso de 1991 à nos jours : entre stabilité politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869173.
Full textSalcedo, Robledo Manuela. "Amours suspectes : couples binationaux de sexe différent ou de même sexe sous le régime de I'« immigration subie »." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0171.
Full textFrench immigration policy is not limited to the control of foreigners; it also targets French citizens who choose to marry or enter civil unions with a foreign national. Based on research conducted in the lle-de France region, this dissertation studies the experiences of same-sex and different-sex bi-national couples. First, it analyzes how state policies against "inflicted immigration" frame bi-national couples as suspect. In France, since the 2000s, policymakers and bureaucrats created an apparatus of suspicion through categories such as sham marriages [manages blancs] and quasi-sham marriages [mariages gris], the genealogies of which this research traces. These categories have been accompanied by love policing practices in which couples must perform like "real" couples. To prove the authenticity of their love, they reproduce the dominant normative distinction at the heart of relationship discourse between convenience and love. Second, based on ethnographic fieldwork, composed of interviews and observation at organizations helping bi-national couples (Ardhis for same-sex couples and Amoureux au ban public for different sex couples), this dissertation proposes a sociology of bi-national couples drawing on their experiences, demands, and social characteristics (age, nationality, sex, and socioeconomic status). This analysis reveals that, contrary to governmental portrayals of "emotional cheating" on the one hand, and association representations of love unadulterated by economic interests on the other, their relationships are often based on material domination and emotional dependency-between men and women as well as between French citizens and foreigners. Conceptualized as exchanges, the circumstances of these bi-national couples make the mechanisms of these dependencies clear and reveal how they also operate in the relationships of ordinary couples
Chauzal, Grégory. "Les règles de l'exception : la régulation (du) politique au Mali et au Niger." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604128.
Full textPierson, Ekaterina. "La politique étrangère bélarusse vis-à-vis de l’Union européenne depuis 1994 :les oscillations d’une diplomatie multivectorielle. L’apport des approches néo-institutionnalistes dans l’analyse des facteurs de rapprochement (1999 - 2001, 2007 - 2010, 2013 - …)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/313585.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Natielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso depuis 1991 : entre stabilite politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957659.
Full textRécappé, Bénédicte. "Raison, émotion, institution : comprendre les mobilisations étudiantes face à des régimes autoritaires : Hongrie 1956, Mexique 1968." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344672.
Full textSoromenho, Nicolete Roberta Kelly. "De Reims à Varennes : les langages de l’autorité politique dans la France révolutionnaire." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0098/document.
Full textProviding the title of our thesis, it is the distance from Rheims to Varennes (the first being the land of the royal consecration and the last the place where Louis XVI and his family were caught fleeing), that provides the metaphor both for the erosion of the language of political authority (especially, the king’s divine right) during the 18th century and for the competition between political discourses of resistance to traditional authorities and those which proposed a new political order, based on theoretical and abstract foundations (notably the constitutionalism, the contractualism, among other discourses). We want to analyse the dynamics of political authority in that period by shedding some light on pamphlets, brochures, parliamentary minutes and administrative documents written during the consecration and the process engendered by the royal flight. Even though such documents may not be considered canonical works in political theory, closer analysis and their articulation with the philosophical works of that period allow us to observe the disputes over the definition of the nature and the limits of the sovereign’s body based on political languages of history. Indeed, this research takes political authority as a discursively constituted activity, to paraphrase John Pocock. Far from arguing that such discourses would have been constituted only at the moment of rupture, during the noticeable events of the French Revolution, in 1789, In this work we sought to sustain that the political languages coming from the pen of our authors keep a strong resemblance to those already in circulation and contesting that current order. In fact, this repertory was forged in the decades before the revolutionary period – specifically during the last ordination of the Ancien Régime, in Rheims. Accordingly, the thesis' interpretative hypothesis takes into account both the effects of rupture and the continuity in certain languages that held the legitimate political authority in a particular context in history
Debout, Lise. "Gouvernements urbains en régime autoritaire : le cas de la gestion des déchets en Égypte." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20080.
Full textThis research is situated at the crossover between two issues in urban studies: urban government and networked public infrastructure. It explores the case of solid waste management reform in Egypt, through three case studies (Cairo, Giza and Alexandria) where the privatization of public utilities involving European companies has affected urban management. Before the Arab Spring (as the uprisings were called), Egypt was governed under an authoritarian and centralized regime, despite some surface economic and political reforms. In this context of an a priori absence of urban government, how can public policy be locally adapted to fit local needs? Developing a framework of analysis related to urban government, we study its formation and/or transformation and the condition through which public policies are translated into action on the ground through the reform of solid waste management. Defining this public utility as a ‟soft-network″, we postulate that it has characteristics, which allow it to shape urban government in its institutional and horizontal dimensions. Three results can be drawn from the research. Firstly, we show that the State played a central role, during implementation at the local level. However, the State lost control of a part of the utility management in the process. Secondly, this ‟soft-network″ was able to attain the objectives of a public utility, just as traditional ‟hard-networks″ do (water, sanitation, etc.). Thirdly, even under an authoritarian regime, this specific public networked utility did indeed participate in the local formation of urban government in Egypt in a kind of autonomy from the State
Klenjánszky, Sarolta. "Les relations politiques et culturelles du régime communiste hongrois avec la gauche française dans la Guerre froide (1945-1981)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0020.
Full textHungarian communists adopted the Soviet vision that France was the weak link in the Western camp, this led them to reserve an important place to the FCP and, from 1953 on, to other French political parties in their foreign policy. Considering also the leading role played in the opening process of the Warsaw Pact towards social democracy by the liberal nomenclature, which had taken over the country after 1956, relations between the Hungarian communist regime and the French Left deserve consideration. The thesis presents this relationship, which was the blind spot of the historian production, in the changing contexts of Hungarian and French politics and of international relations. The dissertation focuses on cultural relations in the light of cultural voluntarism of the Hungarian regime and of the influence of the Communist Party on intellectuals. The second aim is epistemological: the thesis opens the question about the possibility to analyze the relationship between a party state and political parties, which are of lower rank, in the international context of the Cold War. These relationships were important for power as a way to legitimize its political orientation and to increase its room for manoeuvre on international level. Especially, the Franco-Hungarian reconciliation generated tensions in relations with the PCF. These were mitigated however by the convergence of views of the French and Hungarian party directions and the ability of the latter to involve Communists in the opening process while using rivalry between the FCP and the SP. The thesis is based on research in the Hungarian and French archives, the review of newspapers and magazines and interviews
Dromard, Michaël. "Les doctrines institutionnelles des Responsables Politiques Français vis à vis de la notion de Cohabitation au cours de la 5ème République : 1958-2017." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020080/document.
Full textThe thesis recalls the many positions of the French political officials with respect to the concept of cohabitation during years 1958-2017 and highlights their institutional contradictions which appear according to situations and political circumstances given. It thus emphasizes the many institutional divergences of the right-hand side on the subject : the cohabitationnist refusal of the Gaullist and Pompidolian regims, the Giscardian assent of 1978, the division within the right during Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1995, the union in the denunciation during the first mandate of Jacques Chirac between 1995 and 2002 and finally a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis also records certain institutional divergences on the side of the socialist left : a cohabitationnist will during years 1958-1981, a serious reserve during years 1981-1986 then 1988-1993, a cohabitationnist satisfaction during years 1997-2002 and also a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis shows so the way in which the political leaders have evolved their institutional doctrines according to situations and political circumstances given and also tries to explain their numerous personal strategies and their institutional reflections with respect to the cohabitation
Aykut, Stefan Cihan. "Comment gouverner un 'nouveau risque mondial' ? : la construction du changement climatique comme problème public à l'échelle globale, européenne, en France et en Allemagne." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757106.
Full textDondi, Sebastiano. "Pouvoirs et contrepouvoirs : les limites juridiques au pouvoir majoritaire dans la dynamique du regime politique en Italie et en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100056.
Full textThis PhD dissertation consists in a comparative study of veto players (or counter-powers) that, according to Italian and French Constitution, aim at affect the legislative activity of the executive and majoritarian power and of its majority in the Parliament, i.e. laws and decrees-law. They are summarily: the referendum, the opposition parties, the head of the State, the Conseil d’Etat and the constitutional justice. The research, after the initial chapter regarding an innovative classification of veto powers which describes them with a dogmatic approach, explores in depth the existing relations among veto players and their interactions with Power. The methodology is based on an empirical and systematic analysis of some classic case-studies
Il lavoro di ricerca è uno studio comparato tra Italia e Francia dei contropoteri che, secondo Costituzione, intervengono sul prodotto del lavoro del Potere maggioritario, le leggi e i provvedimenti di rango primario. Si tratta del referendum, l’opposizione parlamentare, il capo dello Stato, il Conseil d’Etat e la giustizia costituzionale. La tesi, dopo un capitolo iniziale dedicato ad una innovativa classificazione dei poteri di veto idonea a inquadrarli dogmaticamente, si propone di indagare in profondità le relazioni che legano fra di loro gli organi di contropotere e come questi interagiscano con il Potere. La metodologia utilizzata è innovativa e si basa su un’analisi empirica basata su casi esemplari e basata sul metodo sistematico
Alerini, Julien. "La Savoie et le "chemin espagnol", les communautés alpines à l'épreuve de la logistique militaire (1560-1659)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010711.
Full textSpina, Raphaël. "La France et les Français devant le service du travail obligatoire (1942-1945)." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749560.
Full textObrecht, Marcus. "Niedergang der Parlamente ? : transnationale politik im Deutschen Bundestag und der Assemblée nationale." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381932.
Full textGiral, Gisela. ""Supplient très humblement-- We humbly beg--" : les pétitions collectives et le développement de la sphère publique au Québec, 1764-1791." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30084/30084.pdf.
Full textThis thesis examines the contribution of collective petitions to the development of Quebec's public sphere in the second half of the eighteenth century. It examines these using the concepts of public, public sphere, public opinion, and spaces of sociability. The study is based on a detailed analysis of some 278 collective petitions from the establishment of civil government in 1764 until the creation of the parliamentary system in 1791. In the absence of traditional representative institutions, collective petitioning to colonial authorities became an essential tool for influencing political and administrative decisions. A long-standing practice in England but rare in New France, collective petitioning allowed for the participation of a broad swathe of the colony's population in the colonial public sphere: old and new subjects, men and women, elites and ordinary people.
Runceanu, Camelia. "Les intellectuels et la recomposition de l'espace public roumain après 1989. Le cas du Groupe pour le Dialogue Social." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH211/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to account for some of the dominant features of the Romanian intellectual space in connection with the regime change that followed the collapse of state socialism. Transition to pluralism and representative democracy effected in different on the spheres of intellectual life, which echoed the transfiguration of the social order from a centralized and planned economy to new economic relations governed by the market. This research is focused on a group of intellectuals set up during the last days of December 1989 at the time of the political transformations triggered by the fall of the communist regime in Romania, and which avowed goal was to make sense of this dramatic change.The Group for Social Dialogue (GDS) has been the first such association to be established and remains the most influential and stable group of its kind. The group typically includes authors that acquired public recognition under the communist regime as well as young scientists that completed their academic and intellectual training in the last decade of state socialism. One of the reasons for their success was the cultural authority capitalized by the group’s weekly publication, 22, widely regarded as the most prominent intellectual outlets of post-communism. The regular contributors to the journal were instrumental in redefining a public space marked after 1989 by an increased interest for the political issues and politics. The distinctiveness and the sustainability of this venture were the cumulative result of the personal prestige abs cultural authority enjoyed by most of the members of the group either as well published and widely read authors of the communist period, or as former dissidents. This prestige and authority was gradually on other members, whose public career started after 1990. These types of notoriety, joined together, took many different forms of engagement, collective and individual, consecutive and simultaneous: texts published in the journal of the Group, public statements during various meetings with politicians, open letters, expertise provided to civic organizations or political structures, papers published in the specialised press, political essays and studies, participation in civic associations, political party enrolment. The personal notoriety gained by a considerable number of intellectuals of the GDS, the resilience of the Group, the circulation of its journal 22, sequential investments in politics, of the Group itself but also individually, conferred a significant amount of clout to its (re)presentations of politics at a time when the political realm was structured around the rejection of communism (the post-communist “anti-communism”), as opposed to the electoral and social influence exercised by former “communists”, especially by those members of the nomenklatura who succeeded to set the tone of post-communist politics. The Group included representatives of literary professions who achieved the recognition and have even become famous before 1989, but the GDS does not hesitate to integrate also journalists and lawyers who did not reach recognition as authors, artists or scientists. The research was by and large devoted to isolate and examine intellectual practices, especially discursive practices, in the analysis of scientific and journalistic texts, looking at ways and means deployed by intellectuals in order to occupy the public space. In a socio-historical approach and in a vision inspired nu the sociology of relations, this research was concerned with various forms taken by the politicisation within specific fields – militancy, entrance into politics, political mobilisation and demobilisation of the intellectuals –, and intellectual professions at the dawn of the democratic regime
Chhiv, Yiseang. "Le travail gouvernemental au Cambodge de 1993 à 2015." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED001/document.
Full textThrough the analysis of governmental work from 1993 to 2015 within the perspective of the constitutional and political stability, it is obvious clear that the implementation in Cambodia of the main principles of the Western model of the rule of law, liberal and pluralistic democracy, with the implementation of the 1991 Paris Agreements did not take place satisfactorily. The goal to make the Cambodian society, a democratic one where everyone obeys to the law, where justice is independent from the Executive where the armed forces as economic forces are subject to the public authority which is of the guardian general interest, where every power can be balanced by a counter-power, has not been reached. The obstacles to this actual transposition reside in the gap between the principles of an imported or imposed model and the burdens of the tragic history that Cambodians have lived between the years 1970 and 1980, on the one hand and the traditional foundations of Cambodian society still very present to nowadays on the other hand
Landel, Pauline. "Participation et verrouillage technologique dans la transition écologique en agriculture. Le cas de l'Agriculture de Conservation en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0022/document.
Full textIntensive use of pesticides in agriculture has environmental and sanitary impacts that led to the need for less harmful techniques. Policy makers are claiming for an “ecological transition” of the sector but they are facing technological lock-ins : pesticides-based solutions remain dominant because of institutional and cognitive factors that prevent the development of other alternatives (Cowan, Gunby, 1996; Vanloqueren, Baret, 2008…). In this context, the idea of enlarging the participation of new actors in technological decisions has gained success as it is supposed to enlarge the range of available evidence and lead to better and fairer technological choices (Barber, 1984; Callon et al., 2001; Elgert, 2010)This PhD research aims at questioning the idea of participation as a way to unlock technological lock-ins , using the case of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in France and Brazil, an innovation presented as based on participatory dynamics of R&D and a way to achieve sustainable agriculture, in spite of the dependence of some practices on an intensive use of herbicides. Data was collected from academic literature, documentary analysis, and semi directive or collective interviews with 51 actors both in France and Brazil. Results show the deep changes the regime of knowledge in agriculture has undergone in the last decades under the liberalization of the sector- and why referring to the idea of participation is unefficient to counterbalance these structural changes, or can even have perverse effects.Academic literature described the evolution of agricultural policies, at the international, European and French levels, analyzing the “environmental” turn of the 1980s and the “liberal” turn of the 1990s-2000s (Fouilleux, 2003; Muller, 2000; Trouvé, 2007). But few studies focused on the impacts these changes had on how decision makers and farmers have access to scientific and technical evidence to innovate and cope with new situations. This PhD research shows how the regime of knowledge in France evolved from the modernization period (1960s) - when access to reliable evidence was an issue of public concern and funding in the State administrations and extension services; to a turning point in the 2000s when the State progressively disengaged from the debate on the technological trajectory of the sector and private firms became more and more implicated. In the case of CA, the results of a policy networks analysis show the concentration of material resources to produce robust evidence (R&D, extension services, databases ) in the hands of private firms wishing to develop technological packages based on the use of pesticides. On the other hand, local farmers trying to reduce their consumption of pesticides lack resources to systematically evaluate the innovations they produce.In this context, the idea of participation refers to organizing big national consultations (as the Grenelle de l’Environnement) that rather aim at producing consensus than shedding light on existing controversies and alternatives. It is also used to discharge the responsibility for producing pesticide-less alternatives to different kinds of partnerships at a local level (sometimes associating private firms with commercial interests in selling pesticides).This research therefore shows that, besides other institutional and cognitive factors, the issue of accessing adequate evidence is of crucial importance to understand changes in policy making and the State and at the heart of great economic and socio-political conflicts. It also highlights the importance of taking into account structural determinants and evidence-related power games in order to evaluate the impacts of “participation” on improving technological choices
Costa, Olivier. "La parlementarisation de l'Union : pour une approche dynamique du régime politique européen." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832120.
Full textHuot, Couture Maxime. "Délibérer en régime de démocratie représentative : la forme de vie politique à l'aune de la raison pratique." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20348.
Full textGoyette-Côté, Gabriel. "Le "nouveau régime de l'aide" à l'épreuve des faits : du consensus de Washington à la déclaration de Paris." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3744/1/M11635.pdf.
Full textBoivin-Deschênes, Jean-Michel. "L'êthos politologique, généalogie des régimes du dire-vrai dans la science politique québécoise." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5737/1/M13086.pdf.
Full textPham, Christine. "L'introduction d'un régime de responsabilité civile pour le préjudice écologique dans le corpus juridique québécois." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22789.
Full textBodjrenou, Laurence Harmonie Sèna. "Les paradoxes de la lutte contre la corruption en Afrique : cas du Bénin et du Rwanda." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13495.
Full textDemocratic regimes are often praised in the general discourse reproduced by international institutions and assumed by the main political actors in the world as a great weapon for the fight against corruption and good governance. However, the analysis of two african countries, Benin and Rwanda, seems to indicate that it is the country with the least democratic system that succeed the best in the fight against corruption. Against all expectations, in fact, Rwanda despite the often decried authoritarianism of his government, outperforms Benin, often applauded for its successful democratic transition. This trend is confirmed by most indicators of corruption. This finding, challenges the starting assumptions, and then forces us to wonder about the source of the performance of Rwanda. This memory precisely demonstrates that the relationship between the nature of the political regime and the effectiveness of the fight against corruption is far from automatic. The rules of the political game within the regime and the quality of anti-corruption institutions implemented can have a major influence on the success or failure of measures against corruption.
Vergara, Paniagua Alberto. "Conflicto regional, estado central y sociedad periférica en Bolivia y Perú : un análisis histórico comparado." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8782.
Full textThis dissertation deals with conflicts between centers and regional peripheries within countries. In recent years, many states have witnessed the emergence of territories or regions that challenge their political centers.These disputes range from mere electoral differences to the secession of an indomitable territory. Why do some peripheral areas openly defy their centers while others do not exhibit similar rebellion? What conditions temper the differences between centers and peripheries and what conditions exacerbate them? The dissertation seeks to answer these questions by analyzing the cases of Bolivia and Peru. In Bolivia, during the decade of the 2000s, the conflict between center and periphery escalated into a political cleavage; in Peru, however, despite similarities with Bolivia, a similar cleavage has not emerged.The dissertation seeks to explain these divergent outcomes from a comparative historical analysis and proposes that conflicts between centers and peripheries should be studied using two analytical dimensions. The first dimension is the presence or absence of a regional elite that could shape legitimate political organizations and discourses, articulating regional demands and bargaining with the central state. The second assesses the region’s structural conditions, specifically the relevance of natural resources and the size of its population. The dissertation explores how these two dimensions changed during the second half of the twentieth century in Bolivia and Peru. The historical analysis helps to explain the divergent trajectories of the two countries as it puts forward some general ideas about the relationship between centers and peripheries.
Esta tesis se ocupa de los conflictos entre centros y periferias al interior de los países. En los últimos años muchos Estados han visto emerger regiones o territorios que desafían a su “centro” político. Estas disputas pueden adquirir distintos grados de enfrentamiento, desde las meras diferencias electorales a la secesión de una periferia irredenta. ¿Por qué algunas periferias desafían abiertamente a sus centros mientras que otras no exhiben una rebeldía similar? ¿Qué condiciones atemperan las diferencias entre centros y periferias y cuáles las exacerban? La tesis busca responder a estas preguntas analizando los casos de Bolivia y Perú. En Bolivia durante los años 2000 el conflicto entre centro y periferia escaló hasta convertirse en un cleavage centro-periferia; en el Perú, en cambio, a pesar de las similitudes con Bolivia, no se ha desplegado un cleavage similar. ¿A qué se debe esta diferencia? La tesis responde a la pregunta desde un análisis histórico comparado y propone que los conflictos entre centros y periferias deben observase desde la confluencia de dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, la presencia o ausencia de elites regionales que puedan dar forma a unos discursos y organizaciones legítimas que den vida a las reivindicaciones de la región y que las negocien con el Estado central. En segundo lugar, las condiciones estructurales que posee la región; esto es, la importancia de sus recursos naturales así como las dimensiones de su población. La tesis hace un rastreo histórico de la forma en que ambas dimensiones se alteraron durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX en Bolivia y Perú. Este análisis permite explicar los resultados divergentes en ambos países, así como sugerir algunas ideas generales sobre las relaciones entre centros y periferias.
Normand, Martin. "La mobilisation linguistique au Pays de Galles, en Ontario et au Nouveau-Brunswick (1962-2012) : cycles de mobilisation et rémanence dans une perspective comparée." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13578.
Full textThe Francophone linguistic minorities in New Brunswick and Ontario and the Welsh-speaking minority in Wales share many common elements. They have each developed a dense network of organization which spear-headed many campaigns that led to the improvement of the socio-political standing and of the symbolic recognition of the minority community. Also, the legal and social status of the minority language has progressed in each case, following the enactment of language laws and public policies. They all have access to institutions in which they can voice their demands or where they can govern themselves, be it in local governments or legislative assemblies. They can also appeal to linguistic ombudsmen. But, the main difference is seen in their current level of linguistic mobilization. We can describe it as high in Wales, moderate in Ontario and low in New Brunswick. How can we explain this difference in spite of a similar context in each case? We draw upon the literature on linguistic mobilization, on abeyance and on linguistic regimes to suggest a hypothesis which makes a causal relationship between the satisfaction expressed towards the linguistic regime by groups representing linguistic minorities and the level of mobilization. The level of linguistic mobilization of a linguistic minority depends on the minority’s satisfaction towards the linguistic regime under which it lives, and this satisfaction is linked with how the groups that represent the minority perceive the successes or the failures of their linguistic mobilization. When a linguistic minority feels that its linguistic mobilization has not obtained the successes it anticipated and that the linguistic regime does not meet its main demands, the groups representing it keep the mobilization at a high level. Conversely, when a linguistic minority feels that its linguistic mobilization was successful and that the linguistic regime meets its demands, the groups reorganize and enter into abeyance. This hypothesis suggests an explanation for each case. In Wales, the linguistic mobilization level remains high because the changes to the regime have yet to meet the demands of the linguistic minority and because the groups representing Welsh-speakers do not consider that their linguistic mobilization has been successful. In Ontario, the linguistic mobilization level is moderate, because after a period of abeyance following what is considered as a success of the linguistic mobilization, the mobilization has reignited when the community felt under threat. In New Brunswick, the linguistic mobilization is in abeyance after the mobilization achieved its main goal, but the groups representing the community remain active in the public sphere.
Gagné, Jean-François. "Alliance Politics in Hybrid Regimes : Political Stability and Instability since World War II." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9711.
Full textThe thesis studies stability and instability in hybrid regimes. The research question is: under which conditions the authority of the elites in power is recognized or contested? Our answer rests on the inclusive or exclusive dimension of the ruling coalition: that is, the strategic alliance between the ruling elites and dominant social groups. Inclusion favors consent and stability whereas exclusion favors contention and instability. The composition of the ruling coalition depends on (i) the degree of extra-legal organized violence and (ii) the degree of state penetration over the territory and in the economy. The first variable identifies which social group in the state (military officers) or in the regime (opposition parties) is dominant and influences the forms of political communication with the ruling elites. The second variable identifies which social group in the state (bureaucrats) or in society (local leaders) is dominant and shapes the relation between regions and the center. The thesis contribution is to deepen our understanding of political institutions in hybrid regimes by focusing on the identity of dominant social groups according to a given context. It offers a simple, flexible and original model that allow us to grasp causal relations that would otherwise be counter-intuitive. Hence, political stability is also possible in a country where the state is weak and/or rebellion movements exist; and instability in the opposite context. It all comes down to the composition of the ruling coalition. In order to illustrate the line of reasoning and unfold the richness of our framework, a comparative historical analysis of the ruling coalition in Malaysia (1957-2010), Indonesia (1945-1998), Senegal (1960-2010) and Paraguay (1945-2008) is used. The main conclusion is that the two variables are key. One without the other necessarily amounts to an incomplete explanation of political alliances at stake when dealing with conditions of stability and instability in hybrid regimes.
Brunner, Anja. "Reconciling transition paradigms : a cross-national analysis of democratization during the third wave." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18366.
Full textRazafimandimby, A. Razokiny Andriamin Omen-daza. "Financement de l’arbitrage par un tiers : émergence d’une lex mercatoria expliquée par la mondialisation." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19413.
Full textThird party funding is not a new topic. At the beginning, it was felt as a vicious way to provide a funder an abusive interest. This is the reason why it was first condemned and rejected. Although this might be true, the perception has changed. It is now approved and frequently used in international trade. The Funder is, de facto, considered as the help that gives access to arbitration regardless the financial abilities of the opponents in international commercial litigation. Regulating third party funding is concretely under the responsibilities of the funder and the funded parts. Each State has its own intervention style even though common ground can be noticed. The real difficulty is that in arbitration, thirdparty funding cannot be regulated exclusively by national nor international conventional rules. At this point, lex mercatoria appears to be an alternative manner to establish a homogeneous model. As an international regime, lex mercatoria is the most relevant regulation that leads to this practical normalization. According to regime theory, lex mercatoria and international regime reveal exactly the same structure. As far as lex mercatoria is concerned, it shapes an international regime composed by a set of implicit or explicit regulations (principles, norms, rules and decisionmaking procedures). Around those regulations, all international actors involved in international commercial arbitration contribute to the development of a general and nonstate guideline that frames the practice of third-party funding. All things considered, the rise of lex mercatoria is obvious in the field of third-party funding. Globalization process is well able to explain this appearance of an international regime of lex mercatoria since multilateral cooperation emerges to standardize third-party funding in international commercial arbitration.
Jasmin-Benoit, Jonathan. "Le rôle des États-Unis dans le maintien des pratiques d’opacité financière." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6226.
Full textOur Study aims to verify whether the United States’ interest in attracting foreign investment is linked to international financial opacity. Financial opacity practices (abusive use of bank secrecy, weak “Know Your Client” procedures, unregulated banking sector, no tax information exchange, absence of corporate and fiduciary registration obligations, possibility to set up corporations with nominee, possibility to issue bearer shares, lack of regulations for trusts, etc.) appear to accommodate even the states openly opposed to them. Using Putnam’s theory of two level games, regulation theory and Nash’s theory of equilibrium, we establish a link between the national and international levels. Our analysis includes two case studies. The first one deals with a project regulation from the Internal Revenue Service intended to ensure reporting of deposit interest paid to non-resident aliens. The second is a study of a series of project law presented to the United States Senate and House of Representatives. Those bills would allow for incorporation transparency to assist law enforcement in their efforts to identify beneficial owners of companies formed in the United States. Our hypothesis is not fully confirmed. However, our data tends to indicate that think tank and financial lobby groups influence the United States into stalling enactment of some anti-money laundering measures (particularly client identification and information sharing with tiers countries) in order to attract foreign investment.
Auvachez, Elise. "« Citoyennisation » et consolidation d’entités supranationales : les cas de l’Union européenne et de l’Organisation des Nations Unies." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3977.
Full textThe contemporary political sphere is characterized by an increase in the number of regulation levels. A new structure has been emerging, defined by the overlay of national institutions, sub-state entities and supranational (regional and international) organizations. The State, while remaining in a privileged position, no longer monopolizes the production of policies; the national area is not the sole locus of political life anymore. Such dynamics of change have affected the design of citizenship, central element of politics. The 1990s have seen a proliferation of studies regarding post/trans/supra-national, or global, citizenship; according to those analyses, the locus of citizenship is less and less national and more and more supranational. From a multiple and dynamic understanding of citizenship, the dissertation proposes to move beyond the locus issue. Citizenship is here conceived as a dynamic construction, whose moving outlines evolve through time and space. Individuals are not citizens « by nature »; they become citizens through a « citizenization » process, as political entities are built and consolidate. Institutional structures and public policies set up within supranational political entities create citizenship links with individuals, and those links evolve as institutional structures and policies are changing. The dissertation presents a contextualized analysis of the « citizenization » processes in progress at the supranational level. In this regards, it questions the meaning of the recent developments that affected the European Union and the United Nations for supranational citizenship-building. Important pillars of the multilevel governing structure characterizing the current political sphere, both entities have been engaged for the last years in profound institutional reform processes. Relying notably on the concepts of « citizenship regime » and « governance » and an institutionalist theoretical framework, the dissertation proposes an analysis of the impact of the institutional changes in progress within the European Union and the United Nations in citizenization terms.