Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régimen fluvial'
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Novoa, Jerez José Enrique. "Cambio climático del ecosistema semiárido transicional en Chile (IV Región de Coquimbo), mediante análisis de tendencia de caudales naturales." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 2008. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/2979.
Full textFil: Novoa Jerez, José Enrique. Universidad de La Serena (Chile).
Casado, Ana. "Human impacts and fluvial metamorphosis : the effects of flow regulation on the hydrology, morphology and water temperature of the Sauce Grande River, Argentina." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20013/document.
Full textDespite the regional importance of the Sauce Grande River as main source for water supply and the large capacity of the Paso de las Piedras Reservoir, both the hydrology of the river basin and the effects of the impoundment on the river environment remain poorly evaluated. This study provides the very first assessment of the degree of flow regulation induced by the Paso de las Piedras Dam on the middle section of the Sauce Grande River, and quantifies its impacts on the hydrology, morphology and patterns of water temperature of the river downstream from the impoundment. In addition to providing new information on the response of regulated rivers to upstream impoundment and on the effects of impoundment on the Sauce Grande River specifically, this study generates spatial, climatic and hydrologic data and implements a methodological framework to hydrological assessment of ungauged basins
Iturrieta, Matus Marcela Alejandra. "Análisis exploratorio de la relación entre el régimen de caudales y la abundancia de Didymosphenia geminata en los ríos de la zona centro sur de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152780.
Full textLa diatomea Didymosphenia geminata, conocida como Didymo, se ha propagado rápidamente durante las últimas décadas por los ríos del mundo. Tiene la capacidad de generar floraciones algales bajo condiciones oligotróficas, en ríos correntosos y fríos, impactando los ecosistemas fluviales. Se describió en la cuenca del río Futaleufú (Chile) el 2010 y hoy se encuentra en la cabecera de los ríos, desde la cuenca del río Bío-Bío hasta la Región de Magallanes. La importancia de estudiar su relación con el régimen de caudales radica en generar información para el control de esta especie. Se empleó la base de datos de SERNAPESCA del muestreo de 20 variables físico-químicas y 4 hidráulicas en 92 puntos distribuidos en las cuencas de los ríos Itata, Bío-Bío, Imperial, Toltén, Valdivia y Bueno en noviembre del 2013 y mayo del 2014. Se analizó la influencia de los caudales mínimos anuales en el establecimiento de la diatomea utilizando probabilidades de no excedencia y el análisis de kruskal-Wallis. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variaciones de la densidad, cobertura y espesor algal entre ambos muestreos a través de medidas de tendencia central, Kruskal-Wallis y gráficas. Se caracterizó el régimen de caudales para los puntos con D. geminata a través de hidrogramas, y de las variables para cada componente del régimen: magnitud, tasas de cambio, frecuencia, duración y temporalidad. Se identificaron las variables que podrían influir en la variación de la densidad a través de, Modelos Lineales Generalizados (GLM) entre el ln(densidad) y las variables en estudio, decidiéndose por los modelos con un mejor Criterio de Información de Akaike (AIC).
Delorme-Laurent, Virginie. "Contribution à la méthode hydrogéomorphologique de déterminatin des zones inondables." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252974.
Full textSy, Oumar. "Problématique de la dynamique et de l'aménagement de la zone fluvio-lacustre du Sénégal : un espace rural sahélien." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30031.
Full textThis work synthesizes but supplements also our work on the problems of installation and development in Senegal north: hydro-agricultural and pastoral spaces. This area is characterized by the brittleness of its landscapes, but also by its important potential of development, therefore of development. To study such a space and the raised problems, we specified the variables to be collected and used suitable protocols. The study showed the dominating role of water in the configuration of the landscapes, in particular that of the pond in the installation of the campings, but also of the river through the choices of installation. In the wetlands, the changes relate to the extent of the degradation of the grounds, the weak rate of development and the production. In the dry lands, the strong concentration of the animals around drillings, the improvement of the capacity of the containers and of the performance of the means of transport, beside a space saturated by increasingly important animals, but also nibbled by the cultures, were observed. The land insecurity, the difficulty of access to the credit, the fall of the fertility of the grounds, etc threaten survival of the family small-scale farming. Individual and endogenous strategies are developed. The irregularity and the difficulties of access to water and the variability of the pastures oblige a greater pastoral mobility. Thus, we proposed solutions according to spaces characteristic and a better space distribution of the pressures
Nzango, Jerry. "Les barrages de l'Oubangui : de l'impact hydraulique actuel à la prospective environnementale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2018. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/public/2018ORLE1166_vm.pdf.
Full textConsidered as technological jewels since the advent of hydropower, dams provide an answer to the spatio-temporal irregularities of water at the scale of a territory. But the construction of these hydraulic structures in the river never takes place without environmental damage. The main damages are ecological and societal. Dams reduce the ecological wealth of river hydrosystems; they constitute obstacles to the fluvial continuum. However, the effects of dams in rivers depend on the size, type and management of each structure. In the Congo Basin, in this case on Ubangui, knowledge of the effects of dams is still sketchy. So, this thesis deals in an unprecedented way with the Ubangui dams through their negative impacts on the hydrosedimentary continuity. It covers both functional dams and planned dams. Hydrostatistic, sedimentological and geomatic analyzes, coupled with field investigations, have made it possible to evaluate the hydrosedimentary effects of functional dams on Ubangi. In addition, a "hydrological extrapolation" was carried out in order to explore the predictable potential effects of projected dams
Boivin, Maxime. "Analyse par bilan ligneux de la dynamique des bois morts à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles dans une rivière semi-alluviale de région froide." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN006/document.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the dynamics of large wood in river by a multi-scale large wood budget approach in a semi-alluvial river of cold regions: the Saint-Jean River, Gaspé. The study of the spatial and temporal variability of the dynamics of large wood was carried out through a methodological approach combining four years of field and by analyzing historical documents. The rivers of the Gaspé Peninsula produce annually and carry large amounts of large wood. This production comes from the high specific power of rivers and by banks composed of noncohesive sediment and having a generally dense riparian forest tree. Until 2015, the Delta of the Saint-Jean River had several very large jams. These jams are put in place since the 1960s, they represent a unique opportunity to quantify and apply a wood budget and to identify key variables related to the dynamics of large wood at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Our results show that almost all large wood in river is produced by lateral migration and by the influence of the morphology. For the accumulations in the river corridor, two areas accumulate the majority of wood and these first results show a significant mobility, which can fluctuate substantially from year to year. In terms of mobility, video analysis of three different events showed that the intensity of the transport (number of large wood per minute) can be higher to ten times during an event with mechanical ice-breakup, compared to an open water.hydroclimatic event.Finally, we conducted an analysis by large wood budget and analysis of eco-hydromorphological trajectory over more than 50 years. We quantified each component (input, output and accumulated) of a large wood budget at multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the interannual scale or decadal, scale, the dynamics of large wood have periods when the input, storage and mobility of large wood differ according to eco-hydromorphological contexts. The eco-hydromorphological trajectory suggests an increase in river dynamics due to a significant change in the hydrology, resulting in higher production and mobility of large wood and increased in volumes accumulated in the corridor of the Saint-Jean River since the last decade
Combe, Claire. "La ville endormie ? Le risque d’inondation à Lyon : approche géohistorique et systémique du risque de crue en milieu urbain et périurbain." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/combe_c.
Full textIn the region of Lyons, the risk of flooding is the result of complex interactions between the city and its rivers, characterized by its spatial-temporal variability. This geohistorical and systemic analysis was done from archival sources and made it possible to understand the interactions between the urbanization, the hydrosystem and the risk. The approach, which is multiscale, is based on a historical GIS used as a tool for territorialization of dynamic components of risk. Started in a quite hydrological time more than 2000 years ago, the urbanization of the fluvial corridor was altered by the fluvial adaptation to the harder hydroclimatic conditions of the Little Ice Age (XIVth-XIXth century). This hydrogeomorphological crisis coincided with a crisis of overpopulation which caused the medieval sites to expand. It resulted in an increase in risk and generated a policy of defending the city against fluvial constraint. This set the base for today’s flood management. During the XXth century, the absence of strong floods has contributed to a feeling of security within the city while in fact urban expansion has led to a latent increase in risk. This situation contrasts with the observable demands on the margins of the urban area. The recent studies of risk for Lyon have led to the understanding that the city is potentially exposed to floods. What this work brings to the classical risk equation is the fact that it takes into account the dynamic role of geomorphologic heritages and the history of flood management policies. It provides a key to understanding the complexity of the risk of flooding in an urban and periurban environment
Mesquita, Johanna. "Facteurs de contrôle climatique et géomorphologique de la variabilité hydrologique de bassins versants en substrat carbonaté : Comparaison Haute normandie (FR) et Région d'Austin, Texas (USA)." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2031.
Full textCentral question of this work consisted on the hydrological variability characterization as well as understanding it controlling factors like climate and geomorphology (s. L). Our approach is based on the compared analysis of two contrasted climatic and geomorphologic regions: Haute-Normandie (Nd Fr) and Austin’s region (USA), through small watersheds and two big watersheds integrators of hydrological fluctuations at the regional scale. Time series analysis indicate i) existence of a major difference between both regions seem be connected to subterranean influence, ii) existence of multiannual structures for all watersheds, present in climatic index NAO and SO, affecting preferentially some frequency bands. These structures are discontinuities during all the study period. PCA analysis of relationship between hydrological variability and geomorphology s. L brings still to light the importance of subterranean influence between both regions limiting for Haute-Normandie the links between the hydrological indications and geomorphology. So, the geomorphologic context is strongly connected to the hydrological context. On the other hand, when it becomes weak to useless (Austin’s region) then the geomorphology becomes an important factor. The geomorphologic parameters which seem then be essential are the average height (Hmoy), the hypsometric integral (Ih), the lithology with the presence of impervious surfaces. To refine the understanding of subterranean influence forcing, is proposed a new method of hydrogram separation allowing the comparison discharge runoff answers of both regions
Topin, Laurent. "Analyse et cartographie des inondations dans la région Nord-Pas-De-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-9.pdf.
Full textDescroix, Aurélie. "Croissance et régime alimentaire des juvéniles de Saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. ) dans la rivière Allier : origine et transferts des acides gras dans la chaîne trophique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725306.
Full textLaibi, Raoul Adéniyi. "Dynamique actuelle d'une embouchure fluviale estuarienne à flèche sableuse, la Bouche du Roi, Bénin, Golfe de Guinée : caractérisation hydrosédimentaire et géomorphologique." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0407.
Full textThe Mono river estuary is established in the Western part of the Benin coastal zone. It's a microtidal estuary with predominance of swell. It ensures the exchanges with the sea by means of a tidal inlet named "Bouche du Roi". It forms a coastal hydro-sedimentary system associated with three generations of sand barrier which attest the last marine oscillations of the recent Quaternary. This thesis work studies the dynamics of these barriers-inlets on various temporal scales and according to a multi-field approach. The results show that the two old sand barriers are built and destroyed at the rhythm of marine level variations of recent Quaternary. On the other hand, the contemporary dynamics of the current barrier results in the morphogenesis of a spit-creek system, under control of littoral drift, tide conditions and hydrological seasons of the Mono river. Before the startup of Nangbeto dam, because of the temporary character of the Mono flows, the spit-creek morphodynamic was limited in space and time. But since the operating of the dam in 1987, the spit-creek morphodynamic became persistent, owing to consistency and permanence of Mono flows from now on controlled by the dam. The effects of this anthropic morphodynamics on the physical and human environment are immeasurable : loss of touristic beach, swallowing up of grounds and cultures (salt productions, agrarian cultures, aquacultures,...), destruction of dwellings and other socio-community infrastructures (schools, roads,...), populations displacements, exhumation of late parents remains,... The migration solution proposed consists in displacement of Hokoue and Docloboe populations and in periodical practice (every 7 years) of mechanical breaches on the level of Avlo beach
Rouidi, Sonia. "Évaluation de la contamination par les hydrocarbures des sédiments superficiels (fluviaux et marins) de la région de Skikda (nord-est algérien). Analyses statistiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4321.
Full textThe present study treats with the contamination by hydrocarbons, with superficial sediments of various stations repartee on two sites : the bay of Skikda (situated in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Saf-Saf oued (in its part downstream) with flows into this bay.This contamiation was studied by point of view geographical distribution, origin and nature of hydrocarbons extracts. The contents in found hydrocarbons are slightly more raised in the Saf-Saf oued (278 mg.kg-1sed. dry), that in the site sea (200 mg.kg-1 sed. dry). Compared with other studies made in the Mediterranean Sea, our results testify of an average level of contamination. The identification of the main origins of hydrocarbons presents in sediments of both sites, was made by using several indications relative to hydrocarbons saturated and in aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. The values of these indications allowd to highlight several origins for hydrocarbons as well in the Saf-Saf oued, as in Skikda bay (originate biogenic natural terristerial and/or marine, originate natural or oil pyrolytic and oil origins). A statistical study made the object of a second part of this work, by means of series of analysisesand of one-various tests (ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett applied to periods, then to the stations for each of 5 characteristics), two-various (study of the correlations) and several-various (MANOVA, ACP and hierarchical analysis). These tests were applied to the data of both sites of studies and allowed to confirm the results obtained in the first part of the work
Aguilar, Martorell Germán Alfredo. "Érosion et transport de matière sur le versant occidental des Andes semiarides du Nord du Chili (27°-32°S) : depuis une approche à grande échelle temporelle et spatiale, jusqu'à l'évolution quaternaire d'un système fluvial." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1100/.
Full textThe Principal Cordillera of the semiarid Andes is a transient relief that developed after the Andean uplift initiated in the Oligocene. Pediment altitudes of the Principal Cordillera in relation with others of the Coastal Cordillera indicate two kilometers of uplift. In response to the uplift depth-incised valleys (~2 km) were excavated in the high cordillera during the last six million years. The incised volume of the valleys and 10Be concentration of fluvial-glacial sediments indicate erosion rates from thirty to seventy-five meters per million years, values that have been relatively constant during the last six million years. During this period the dynamic of material transfer has been modulated by glacial erosion and exportation of fluvial-glacial sediments downstream from the plio-quaternary glacial fronts
Guyonnet-Benaize, Cédric. "Modélisation 3D multi-échelle des structures géologiques de la région de la faille de la moyenne Durance (SE France)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10050.
Full textThe complexity of geological structures in Middle Durance region makes difficult the characterization and evaluation of seismic risk in this region. Understanding these structures in 3D requires to use modern techniques of 3D digital modelling in order to achieve the 3D geological models of the bedrock with coherence on different scales, to perform ground motion simulations. Building 3D geological models need to normalize heterogeneous geophysical and geological databases (oil boreholes, geotechnical boreholes, seismic profiles, H/V geophysical profiles, high and low resolution geological mapping, biostratigraphic dating,...) in the 3D software gOcad. The realization of 3D geological models allows to characterize the 3D geometry of main the tectonic structures in Middle Durance region, including the Middle Durance Fault Zone (ZFMD) and the high resolution geometry of geological bedrock of the Cadarache Valley, and in particular its tertiary sedimentary fill. Our study allows to specify the ZFMD 3D geometry and its role on the adjacent geological structures. The ZFMD is a transfer zone that limits lateral extension and changes the geometry of folds and thrusts. The Middle Durance tectonic structures are characterized by a thin-skin deformation. Salt tectonics plays an important role in this deformation (detachment level, training and 3D geometry of folds). At the scale of the Valley of Cadarache, outcrop geological study coupled with boreholes geostatistical study allows to perform a 3D simulation of the spatial distribution of facies and to propose a 3D sedimentary model for the Tertiary filling of the Cadarache Valley. It is characterized by sedimentation in two steps: a first step of filling by important detrital inputs from the Southeast, related to the erosion of the Maures-Esterel massif, a second step of filling by deposits of fluvial meandering sand-dominant environment with high-sinuosity. Finally, building multi-scale 3D models allows explaining the formation of the Valley of Cadarache in the geodynamic context of the Middle Durance region at Tertiary times, and particularly under the influence of the Pyrenean compression and ZFMD on the Middle Durance region and the Valley of Cadarache
Chaumery, Christian. "Répartition des éléments nutritifs sur le plateau continental armoricain et en mer d'Iroise en relation avec le régime hydrique de la Loire : Assimilation Régénération. Facteurs limitant la production phytoplanctonique." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2020.
Full textThe spreading of low-saline nutrient-rich waters of the Loire estuary as tidally-regulated meanders injects nutrients over a major part of the Armorican continental shelf region in winter. The nutrients thus brought in are consumed in spring as the river plume spreads over the shelf. The magnitude of the flux of nutrients transported by the Loire in the south Brittany sector varies according to the intensity of river discharge and the timing of the peak discharge(s). Addition of nutrients with high flows in spring alleviates nutrient limitation and enhances primary production. When the spring river discharge is strong and occurs over a long period, the Loire waters could be distinctly differentiated from surrounding Iroise Sea waters. The Loire waters circumnavigate the Ouessant Island by the west and penetrate into the western English Channel. A study of the distribution nutrients on the Armorican continental shelf also enables identification of various sectors subjected to nutrient addition with freshwaters: Loire, Gironde, and Vilaine. Using nutrients as tracers of the circulation of the Loire waters on the Armorican continental shelf, the average velocity of displacement of the Loire plume from its estuary to Ouessant island has been estimate at 5 cm. S-1. Assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus by the phytoplankton occurs in a ratio close to that of the Redfield ratio (N/P=16). Ratios of assimilation of nitrogen and silicon decrease with time indicating the increasing importance of regenerated production. In the cold deep water of the South Brittany, regeneration of nutrients begins in the southeastern part. Regeneration of silicon begfins as early as April and is twice faster than that of nitrate
Moreno, García Davinia. "Datation par ESR de quartz optiquement blanchis (ESR-OB) de la région de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espagne) : application au site préhistorique de Gran Dolina (contexte karstique) et aux systèmes fluviatiles quaternaires de l'Arlanzón et l'Arlanza." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51761.
Full textBenito, de Santos Gervasio. "Paper dels macroinvertebrats bentònics com a bioindicadors en la xarxa de control de la qualitat ecológica de les conques internes de Catalunya. Influència del régim hídric sobre l'estructura de la població." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2620.
Full textTambé s'hi ha fet una actualització del BMWPC, i la predicció mitjançant descriptors ambientals del seu valor amb l'objectiu d'avaluar la integritat de les comunitats de macroinvertebrats en els punts de la xarxa de seguiment de les Conques Internes Catalanes (CIC). S'hi inclou també l'estudi de la variació interanual dels principals descriptors físics, químics i biològics analitzats per conques i separant-hi els paràmetres biològics de tots els altres, per la qual cosa s'ha empleat l'anàlisi de PCA i les distàncies de pertorbació obtingudes a partir d'aquestes anàlisis, d'acord amb la metodologia formulada per Sabater et al. (1991).
Els resultats obtinguts mostren que els descriptors que s'han utilitzat són els adequats i aquests són, en part, els mateixos que recomana la Directiva Marc de l'Aigua. Es pot dir que l'efecte de sequera és més important especialment per les comunitats menys alterades i que les reduccions de cabal afecten tan a les estructures de les comunitats de macroinvertebrats (efecte parcialment apaivagat als rius regulats) com a la qualitat físico-química dels rius de les CIC.
Pel que fa a l'índex BMWPC no ha mostrat cap davallada de seu valor en resposta a la sequera, ja que s'han mesurat durant tot el període uns valors iguals o un xic millors en funció de l'equilibri que s'obté entre els tàxons sensibles que desapareixen i els lenítics que s'incorporen a cada comunitat, la qual cosa fa que sigui un índex robust en front a la sequera. Per avaluar els canvis en l'estructura de les comunitats de macroinvertebrats és precís l'ús de l'índex ASPT, que valora la qualitat relativa de tota la comunitat i s'ha mostrat com a l'òptim per observar l'efecte de la llarga sequera soferta. En relació amb les distàncies de pertorbació s'ha confirmat que augmenten quan minven els cabals i decreixen quan aquests s'incrementen.
During the period between 1995 and 2002 Catalonia suffered a long lasting drought that affected in varying degrees the river system of the Catalan Internal Basins (CIB), especially in which refers to the time length, ranging from a minimum of two years in the north basins to six years in the southern ones. Within this framework, this thesis aims to study the effects of this drought on the physical-chemical quality, the macroinvertebrate communities and the biotic indices used in monitoring the ecological quality of our rivers. Particularly the BMWPC, EPT, ASPT and richness (number of taxa) indexes were used.
The update of the BMWPC, and the prediction of the index changes through environmental descriptors of its value in order to evaluate the integrity of the macroinvertebrate communities in the different points of the control network monitoring the CIB have also been made. The interannual variation of the main physical, chemical and biological descriptors by basins was performed, and analysed by separating the biological parameters from all others. For it, the PCA analysis has been used and the disturbance distances in accordance with the methodology formulated by Sabater et al. (1991) were established.
The results obtained show that the descriptors used are suitable and are partially the same ones that the Water Framework Directive recommends. The drought effect is important especially for the less altered communities and the flow reductions affect both the structures of the macroinvertebrates communities (effect partially appeased in the regulated rivers) and the physico-chemical quality of the rivers and the CIB.
The BMWPC index has not been showing any decrease of its value in relation to the drought. It is to note that it has been measured during periods with equal or slightly better values in terms of the balance achieved between disappearing sensitive taxa and lentic taxa being incorporated into each community, Then the index, proved to be robust in drought conditions. To assess changes in the structure of the macroinvertebrate communities it is necessary to use the ASPT index which establishes the relative quality of the whole community. It has also been proved to be the optimum index to use in order to study the effect of the drought suffered. In relation to the distances from disturbance, it has been confirmed that they have increased when the flows diminished and decreased when flow increased.
Ghirardi, Ludovic. "Rhodapolis, structure linéaire fluvio-urbaine de la vallée du Rhône comme forme intelligible de ville diffuse." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN059.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with urban morphogenesis of the Rhône Valley, stretching 300 km rectilinearly from Lyon to the Mediterranean sea. It defends the « designed hypothesis » Rhodapolis which intends to enhance the living capability of urban sprawl along the Rhône River. Five formal concepts (Dynamic Blue Mesh, Interactive Network Frame, Rhodanian Linear Archipelago, European Urbanized Rivers, Web-Place City) are being detailed in this work as well as a prototype laboratory in-situ (LGV-Lab).The preliminary flipbook, made of a series of documentary photographs has the intention to reveal the singularity of a geographic object that we miss to watch spontaneously. From this fluvial site, the flipbook is built out of a critical outlook which has established some of the issues raised. The production of a specific epistemo-iconographic atlas through Q-GIS software has proven the cognitive value of observable cartographic results, which prospective urban morphotypes are the most representative. The river, highly extraordinary place to re-envision, consolidating urbanity and third-landscape, is the tangible reality of a genius loci that needs to interfere a standard urban soil-less thinking. Based on anthropologic, architectural and geographic works, we are questioning the notion of linearity shaping the environment. Desurbanism, organic architecture, Regional Planning : all those notions imply a tight relationship between the concepts of territory and architecture ; somehow opposite, the interaction of those scales give us tools to have a different thinking around urban design in the XXI century.With its hybrid structure, Rhodapolis is a kind of urban concept that is inspired by the two main urban models of metropolisation and suburbanization : selecting and extrapolating a few of their respective characteristics. At the junction of a critical self reflective paper and a generalist essay, the conclusion offers an introspection of Rhodapolis, a specimen of the 4th type city shaped by the river ; its hybridity, organicity and europeanity side would be its main characteristics. In the end, this thesis defended by an architect, tries to put forward what could define architecturology : starting from experimental work, a refocus on architectural research is initiated by asserting – through the transcaling principle- notions of shape, of design and of spatial conception, as the basis of the architectural field
Noyer, Mégane. "Développement d'indicateurs microbiens de multipollutions en Méditerranée : vers un outil d'évaluation de la qualité des eaux douces Particle-attached riverine bacteriome shifts in a pollutant-resistant and pathogenic community during a mediterranean extreme storm event Evolution of the particle-attached riverine archaeome compared to the bacteriome as a result of multipollution following a mediterranean extreme event." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0027.
Full textFreshwater ecosystems are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. Indeed, they can be subject to multiple forms of pollution via, among other things, the leaching of soil from catchment basins but also the remobilisation of sediment from river beds and sewerage networks, phenomena that are accentuated during rainy episodes, which are particularly intense and frequent in regions with a Mediterranean climate. In a Mediterranean event studied previously, it was shown that discharges of pollutant mixtures occurred, coinciding with the water discharge peak and combined sewer overflows (CSO) that preceded it. During this thesis, we were able to verify that these multipollutions are recurrent, occurring at each CSO and water discharge peak along two other floods. We hypothesised that fluvial microbial communities, which constitute the only biological compartment able to degraded pollutants, could be largely impacted by these recurrent multipollutions in Mediterranean. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of pollutant mixtures on the evolution of the fluvial microbiome during extreme rainfall events via statistical modelling coupling high throughput sequencing data to a wide range of environmental parameters. Results showed a significant relationship between multipollutions events at CSOs and water discharge peak and the appearance of microorganisms linked to faecal matter, urban environments and resistant to pollutants and/or pathogens, which could strongly affect riverine resident communities. Given the rapid response of the fluvial microbiome to multi-pollutants, we were able to identify key multi-stress microorganisms, that could be used as new biomarkers to be incorporated into a multi-pollutant detection tool for water quality monitoring
Sow, Mamadou Alpha. "Hydrologie et géochimie des transports fluviaux dissous et particulaires dans le bassin versant du Milo (République de Guinée)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0039/document.
Full textIn Guinea, the availability of water resources is subjected to serious problems of management with important consequences for the populations, particularly in Kankan city where most of the wells dry up during the dry season and where the water supply from the Milo river is not assured for all the districts. Then the Milo river and its watershed represent an important issue for the inhabitants of Kankan. The Milo river (480 km in length) which drains an area of 13 810 km2 is the most important right-bank tributary of the Niger river. To evaluate the impact of the Milo watershed and of the Kankan city on the water and sediments of this river, 30 samples of bottom sediments have been collected during a first campaign (June-July 2013) on the main course from upstream to downstream and on the main tributaries, whereas during a second campaign (April 2014-May 2015) a regular monitoring was set up on the Milo river, upstream and downstream Kankan city. During this campaign, 232 river water samples (of which 116 for isotopic analyses) and 26 bottom sediment samples have been collected at Bordo (upstream) and Karifamoriah (downstream) stations. The concentrations of major and trace elements, rare earth elements, POC and PON, DOC, pH, alkalinity, the isotopic composition of O, H and the micro-granulometry of sediments have been measured. The results obtained during the hydrological cycle 2014-2015 allowed to estimate the fluxes of dissolved (47 863 t.y-1) and particulate (76 759 t.y-1) matters exported by the Milo river at Kankan. 92% of these fluxes are exported during the high flow period. These fluxes allowed us to estimate very low average rates of physical erosion (8 t.km-2.y-1) and chemical weathering (5 t.km-2.y-1) of the Milo catchment. The specific flux of CO2 consumed by chemical weathering (76.103 mole.km-2.y-1) is relatively low but within the range of CO2 fluxes measured in catchments draining lateritic soils. The degree of sediment contamination and its spatio-temporal variation have been assessed using the enrichment factor (EF), by normalizing the trace element concentrations with Al, Sc and Ti and by taking PAAS and UCC as the reference materials. Almost all the trace elements mainly originate from weathering processes and are of natural origin. Nevertheless, moderate to significant enrichments (5 < EF < 20) have been calculated for Zr and Hf (natural enrichments) and As and Sb (anthropogenic impacts). Finally, the anthropogenic contribution of trace elements, when it exists, remains moderate. The rare earth concentration patterns allowed to show the geochemical signature of river bottom sediments is homogeneous within the Milo catchment and characteristic of lateritic soils, non- perturbed by the city of Kankan and close to the PAAS and UCC patterns. For most of the trace and rare earth elements, the anthropogenic contribution remains low and the available fractions (labile phases) in the sediment (EDTA extraction) are also low, confirming that the main part of these elements are mainly in the residual phases
Snoussi, Mama. "Nature, estimation et comparaison des flux de matières issus des bassins versants de l'Adour (France), du Sebou, de l'Oum-er-Rbia et du Souss (Maroc) : Impact du climat sur les apports fluviatiles à l'Océan." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10877.
Full textRe-Bahaud, Jordan. "Apports d’une approche couplée physique et géochimie des eaux souterraines pour caractériser les fonctionnements hydrodynamiques transitoires. Cas de la plaine alluviale du Forez." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0666/document.
Full textThe Water Management Scheme in the Forez plain (France 42) has concluded to a degradation of the water resources and a serious pollution of the shallow aquifers by nitrogen and pesticides. These issues require a sustainable and balanced management of the water resources. A part of the water demand is met by groundwater. The exploited groundwater come from: shallow alluvial formations exploited for irrigation and drinking water and deep aquifers in sedimentary basin under the alluvium. Mineral waters from the deep aquifers are exploited for thermo-mineral activities and bottling.The analysis of the data available in the studied area revealed a lack of knowledge in the understanding of the groundwater flow in the shallow aquifers. Is not sufficient to explain how the water resource varies with time and the origin of the recharge of the shallow aquifers. As consequence, this thesis work will focus on these two main topics: - Identification of the transient functioning of the aquifers based on a physical characterization of groundwater flow. This method is based on piezometric head analysis carry out on 4 stations with continuous measurements and numerical modeling to compare with the observed piezometric fluctuations.- Identification of the origin of the recharge of the alluvial aquifers through a geochemical characterization of groundwater flow (major ions and isotopes δ180, δ2H, δ13C and A14C). This approach established the partial contribution of the deep aquifers to the groundwater flow in the shallow alluvium. This methodology based on a coupled geochemical and physical approach allows to assess the vulnerability of the studied aquifers and contributes to improve the future water resources management in this area
Rey, Tony. "Dynamiques hydro-sédimentaires en Petite Camargue à l'Holocène." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273819.
Full text* Identifier un ancien axe fluvial holocène entre les Costières et le cordon des Sables, cerner la période d'activité principale des paléochenaux holocènes développés dans le golfe d'Aigues-Mortes ainsi que leur modalité d'évolution hydro-sédimentaire,
* mettre en relation l'activité hydrologique des chenaux et les morphologies d'embouchure, caractériser et dater les formes littorales, et à l'aide de modèles actuels approcher les conditions hydro-dynamiques fluviales et marines qui ont prévalu à leur édification, et enfin, discuter de la présence d'une cellule hydro-sédimentaire au sein du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes,
* cerner et discuter de l'influence des contrôles internes et externes dans la construction de la plaine deltaïque occidentale,
* mettre en relation les témoins archéologiques et les nouvelles données paléoenvironnementales.
La démarche adoptée est une approche intégrée de différentes disciplines et méthodes de terrain. La sédimentologie sur carottage et le travail sur coupes et à la surface ainsi que l'utilisation de référentiels actuels permettent d'appréhender les dynamiques de mise en place et la reconstitution des milieux de dépôts. Cette démarche est appuyée par l'étude des formes de surface ou à partir des reconstitutions 3D réalisées à partir des sondages.
L'étude des archives sédimentaires sur site et hors site (coupes et/ou sondages carottés) et pour les périodes récentes manuscrites et cartographiques permettent alors de 1) dégager les grandes phases et les facteurs de la transformation des paléomilieux au cours de l'Holocène, 2) préciser les contextes paléogéographiques contemporains des lieux de peuplement et 3) décrire les réponses apportées par les communautés riveraines en particulier dans les zones à sédimentation active aux échelles locales (sites) et régionales.
Les résultats acquis dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue permettent d'affiner les étapes de formation du delta du Rhône à l'Holocène. Jusqu'à l'Antiquité, la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue est isolée en arrière d'un vaste cordon sableux. Les fleuves débouchent et meurent alors dans un vaste bassin lagunaire qui, par ailleurs, a constitué un environnement de plus en plus favorable à la formation de crevasses fluviales. La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire entre le Petit Rhône et le Vidourle se limite dans un espace exigu ce qui par analogie au delta du Danube, pourrait constituer le Stade Bloqué de la partie occidentale du delta rhodanien. Cet épisode se termine lorsque les chenaux percent le vaste cordon littoral sableux. A partir de ce moment, les chenaux progradent vers la mer Méditerranée pour construire des lobes deltaïques. Les morphologies distinctes des lobes apparaissent clairement à la surface de la plaine. Elles expriment l'évolution des processus fluviatiles et marins et leur degré de dominance de l'antiquité romaine à la fin du Moyen Age. La variabilité des processus s'exprime alors par des lobes deltaïques ayant des caractères morphologiques et sédimentologiques qui leur sont propres.
Les apports fluviatiles et la dynamique marine contrôlent le remplissage sédimentaire du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes. Ni les variations eustatiques, ni la paléogéographie pléistocène ne semblent avoir influencé la vitesse d'avancée des lobes deltaïques fossiles. Le colmatage du paléogolfe est aussi sous l'influence de facteurs autocycliques et allocycliques. Ceux-ci sont régis par des processus hydro-sédimentaires et climatiques difficiles à appréhender. Pourtant de multiples indicateurs environnementaux et humains montrent l'existence de forçages comme celui du Petit Age Glaciaire.
Pour affiner les reconstitutions paléogéographiques (transitions entre les faciès lagunaires et fluviatiles, délimitation géométrique des sections transversales des bras morts fluviaux, modalités de remplissage sédimentaire des chenaux...), il apparaît essentiel de multiplier les sondages carottés dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue et de dater par le radiocarbone 14 les milieux de sédimentation fossiles.
L'absence d'une plus haute résolution de l'information, les effets de sites ainsi que la régulation cyclique des lobes deltaïques masquent des tendances hydro-sédimentaires reconnues sur d'autres espaces. Seule une résolution plus fine avec une comparaison multi-sites permettra d'affiner la lecture climatique des sources textuelles et des données sédimentaires et géomorphologiques.
Poignant, Loik. "Héritages morphostructural et climatique du drainage cénozoïque d'un bassin versant côtier : exemples de la Dives et des marais de Vimont (Normandie, France), implications hydrogéologiques sur la nappe aquifère du Dogger." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC202.
Full textThe Armorican block, structured by the Cadomian and Variscan orogenesis, was partially covered in the Mesozoic by vast marine platforms where the marl and limestone of the Paris Basin were deposited. From the end of the Upper Cretaceous, alpine compressive deformations lead to an emergence of the nord-eastern border of the Armorican Massif (Normandy). Jurassic and Cretaceous lands undergo alteration and erosion processes in response to slow climatic degradation up to the Quaternary glacial cycles, which are partly responsible for the development of landforms. During the Cenozoic, only a few areas open to the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Cotentin Center or the English Channel, recorded marine sedimentation, with sedimentary gaps and affected by polyphase deformation throughout the Cenozoic.Within these sedimentary, structural, eustatic and climatic frameworks, the coastal watersheds of the Bay of the Seine are being established, whose outlet of the hydrographic network corresponds to the quaternary fluvial system of the English Channel, itself flowing towards the Atlantic margin. The quaternary framework of the coastal watersheds of Dives and Orne has been the subject of several geomorphological studies, specifying the evolution of Holocene sedimentary filling. The Dives Valley was an estuary during the last Holocene interglacial, gradually filled by silts, clays and peat, creating vast wetlands. Above the clay and peat marshes of the Dives, there are more modest marshes such as those of Vimont. The Holocene filling of the marshes of Vimont does not explain this morphologic origin in the Bathonian series of the Caen Plain: simple depression pond in these calcareous soils during Neogene to Quaternary of sea level decline, or older morphology inherited from the sedimentary and structural history of the area? The question is all the more relevant as there is, in this limestone series, a large aquifer with natural denitrification processes.The reconstruction of the origin of the marshes of Vimont and its drainage system benefited from the sedimentary analysis of the Bathonian lands, crossed over 82 m by a core borehole drilled in these marshes. This analysis completes the stratigraphic division of an area poor in natural outcrops, but above all allows the revision of 845 destructive drillings carried out in the Bessin and Caen Plains. This stratigraphic, sedimentary and paleogeographic revision of the boreholes and outcrops reveals folding deformations of large radius of curvature with a direction of N 50-70 and a wavelength between 5 and 15 km, in Mesozoic lands. They are initiated by a polyphase cenozoic replay of the old N 50-70, N 90, and N 110 faults. The depression of the marshes of Vimont extends to the Troarn Synform, which influences both the drainage system and underground flows. Morphometric analyses describe this relationship between the marshes of Vimont, landforms and the Dives river system. This multidisciplinary, stratigraphic, sedimentary, structural and geomorphological approach to the marshes of Vimont makes it possible to distinguish the sedimentary and structural heritage from the quaternary climatic control