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1
Henderson, D. M. "A social and domestic history of the kilted and Highland Based Regiments of Foot, 1820-1920." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384195.
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Fairbairn, Madeleine. "Framing resistance international food regimes and the roots of food sovreignty /." Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2008. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/31140.
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Ip, Chun Yin. "A food regime analysis of sub-Saharan African food crisis : the development of corporate food regime and counter-movement in the region." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1304.
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Chang, M. "Growing a commons food regime : theory and practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1396231/.
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Existing food regimes theory has a strong analytical power to help us understand the reality of contemporary global food politics and has a political commitment to provoke a new direction in our thinking. Yet, it falls short on how we can actually engage with such a change, especially with the pressing need for strategic alliances among multiple food movements which aim to advance a regime change. By exploring both theory and practice, this research addresses this gap and responds to a call for a new food regime in the 21st century. Firstly, this research proposes the notion of growing a commons food regime. With care as the core, an integrative framework for growing a commons food regime is presented, drawing on reviews of literature on food regimes theory, commons regimes, adaptive governance and critical food studies. This framework aims at building an adaptive capacity to transform the current food system towards sustainability. Secondly, applying the framework as ‘a tool of insight’, the current landscape of community food initiatives was investigated in order to identify implications and opportunities to grow a commons food regime in London. Finally, considering the significant role of universities in helping to form multiple and reciprocal connections with society; and as a catalyst and an experiment in integrating theory and practice in growing a commons food regime, a journey of university-led community food initiatives was carried out at University College London (UCL) as a case study. On reflection, the thesis suggests ways forward in continuing to grow care-based commons food regimes through community food initiatives at UCL. With our growing adaptive capacity, we might enter a new epoch of history.
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Liu, Chi-Wei. "Hog island agricultural protectionism, food dependency, and impact of the international food regime in Taiwan /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Bernardot, Frédérick. "Electrodynamique en cavite : experiences resonnantes en regime de couplage fort." Paris 6, 1994. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011891.
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Dans le domaine micro-onde, deux niveaux de rydberg voisins d'un atome alcalin, d'une part, et le champ electromagnetique confine dans une cavite supraconductrice de tres haute surtension, d'autre part, echangent de maniere coherente un quantum d'energie lorsqu'ils sont a resonance. Une telle situation est conceptuellement la plus simple dans laquelle le couplage matiere-rayonnement se manifeste a l'echelle elementaire. Ce memoire presente une mise en evidence experimentale de cette interaction, dans une situation ou l'evolution coherente atome-champ domine les processus dissipatifs. Le couplage atome-champ est d'abord decrit theoriquement (dans un point de vue classique puis quantique), ainsi que des experiences permettant de le mettre en evidence. Ensuite, une experience de spectroscopie des premiers etats excites du systeme atome + cavite est exposee. Elle a permis d'acceder a la frequence avec laquelle un echantillon de trois atomes et un mode resonnant du champ echangent leur energie. Enfin, un nouveau montage experimental est presente. Il possede une resolution spectrale tres elevee grace a l'utilisation de la technique du champ oscillant separe de ramsey, et doit permettre l'observation, dans le domaine micro-onde, du couplage elementaire entre un seul atome a deux niveaux et un seul mode du champ electromagnetique, cette observation pouvant se faire aussi bien spectralement que temporellement. La realisation d'un montage experimental aussi sensible, et dans lequel les amortissements de l'atome et de la cavite sont rendus negligeables, ouvre egalement la voie a des tests subtils de la mecanique quantique (mesures sans demolition, chats de schrodinger, etc. ) mettant en jeu une interaction atome-champ non resonnante
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Friesen, Matthew. "Parsing the Palate: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the U.S. Food Advocacy Network." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18739.
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The U.S. food system is afflicted by a variety of social, ecological, and economic predicaments including hunger, food access inequalities, soil and water degradation, and lack of community control over food. Scholars and activists agree that in order for U.S. food movement actors to affect significant system-wide change, players must bridge a multitude of issue areas and ideological differences. Despite thorough analyses of local and regional food systems, little research has been conducted on either national level advocacy perspectives or the ties that bind and divide food advocacy coalitions. This dissertation's central research question examines how the U.S food advocacy movement works to resist the hegemonic domination of the national food system by state and corporate actors. To answer this question, this project develops a social network analysis of 71 national-level food advocacy actors, compiles web-based issue and tax data, and conducts 36 semi-structured interviews with senior food activist staff. Social movement literature and Antonio Gramsci's concepts of counter-hegemonic movements and wars of position inform the findings and reveal the national food movement's nascent propensity to unite cultural and class struggles to create significant pressure for systematic change in the U.S. food system. Additionally, this research tests existing theoretical work related to the food advocacy network and distinctions between interest group and social movement type organizations. This dissertation reveals that despite most activists' conviction that a constellation of agri-business and state policies dominate the U.S. food system, significant network rifts, framing dilemmas, strategic conflicts, and resource complexities prevent national food activists from generating a robust challenge to hegemonic food system actors.
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Wang, Kuan-Chi. "Border Assemblages: The Political Economy of Asian Regional Vegetable Trade." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24229.
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In my dissertation, I study the spatio-temporal variegation and transnational circulation of vegetable commodities using the case of edamame beans (the largest frozen vegetable sector in Asia). My dissertation shows that food production and trade in East Asia have fundamentally changed over the past several decades. Rapid development has lifted the region out of subsistence and into middle-class and luxury consumption. As a result, East Asia is quickly becoming the center of the global food economy. The development of edamame industries is central to explaining the transformation of the agriculture and food industries across the region. I employ a mixed methods approach that includes participant-observation, semi-structured interviews with 40 edamame farmers and entrepreneurs, and GIS mapping, alongside Social Network Analysis (SNA). In my analysis, I coin the concept of “border assemblages,” arguing that edamame trade incorporates network and state-territorial characteristics. Building on this approach, my research bridges two social science sub-fields that scholars have often applied empirically but not theoretically: international politics and regional agrarian development. Three novel findings emerge from this research: First, my research adds to the literature on Asian colonialism by showing how the Japanese Empire and the post-World War Two (WWII) U.S. Cold War regime territorialized East Asia to develop a regulatory assemblage of regional agricultural production and trade. Second, after the 1980s, a new type of food regime emerged in East Asia following the introduction of new World Trade Organization food safety regulations that reterritorialized the food production networks in Asia. My research conceptualizes the emergence of the new food regimes in an East Asian context according to the political economy and ecology of edamame trade among Taiwan, Japan, and China. Third, another strand of my research contributes to the geopolitical understanding of the edamame trade with regard to food scares and contract farming. I extend the definition of contract farming to encompass international regulatory bodies and argue that trade agreements and international food laws, such as the Codex Alimentarius, have significantly shaped the agrarian landscape in Asia.2021-01-11
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Zvada, Simbarashe Peter. "Optimization of 1st-line antituberculosis dosing regimens using a population pharmacokinetic approach: food effects, drug combinations and pharmacological effects." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9532.
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Includes bibliographical references.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate optimal doses of 1st-line antituberculosis dosing regimens using a population pharmacokinetic approach, quantify food effects, drug combinations and pharmacological effects. The population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in 76 children with tuberculosis were described using a population pharmacokinetic approach, and then Monte Carlo simulation were performed to evaluate adequacy of newly recommended weight band based doses in World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Food effect (breakfast) was evaluated on rifapentine pharmacokinetic data in 35 healthy male volunteers. Effect of co-administered intermittent rifapentine on the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin was evaluated in 28 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who participated in a multicenter controlled clinical trial evaluating high dose rifapentine in combination with moxifloxacin. The moxifloxacin pharmacokinetic model, together with a previously published ofloxacin pharmacokinetic model, was used to evaluate the efficacy between moxifloxacin and ofloxacin. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic summary variables of rifapentine and moxifloxacin were evaluated as predictors of treatment outcome. Simulations based on the final models suggested that with the new guidelines, and utilizing available paediatric fixed dose combinations, children will receive adequate rifampicin exposures when compared to adults, but with a larger degree of variability. However, pyrazinamide and isoniazid exposures in many children will be lower than in adults. For food effect, all meals compared with the fasting state, high fat meal had the greatest effect on rifapentine oral bioavailability, increasing it by 86%; bulky low-fat, bulky-high-fat, and chicken soup resulted in 33%, 46%, and 49% increases in rifapentine oral bioavailability, respectively. Similar trends were observed for the metabolite 25-desacetyl rifapentine. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, using a target ratio of ≥100 for multidrug-resistant strains (without resistance to injectable agents or fluoroquinolones), the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was 88% for moxifloxacin and only 43% for ofloxacin. The higher dose of 800 mg moxifloxacin was needed to achieve a CFR target of ≥90%. In terms of drug-interaction, rifapentine increased the clearance of moxifloxacin by 8% during antituberculosis treatment compared to that after treatment completion without rifapentine. Also, the effect moxifloxacin and rifapentine pharmacokinetics indices on outcome treatment outcome support that combined effect of longer treatment duration and higher rifapentine exposures are associated with better treatment response. In summary, the newer WHO doses for children may give lower pyrazinamide and isoniazid exposures in many children than in adults. Meals have a substantial impact on rifapentine exposure. Rifapentine did not result in a clinically significant change in moxifloxacin exposure. Moxifloxacin is more efficacious than ofloxacin in the treatment of MDR-TB. The combined effect of longer treatment duration, higher rifapentine exposures are associated with better treatment outcome, but could not differentiate which major factor needed for favourable outcome.
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Sabary, Frédéric. "Photoemetteurs en regime impulsionnel fort courant. Fabrication et performances de photocathodes resonnantes en argent." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112085.
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Nous avons etudie le renforcement de l'effet photoelectrique par excitation de plasmons de surface sur des couches d'argent rugueuses, granulaires ou deposees sur des reseaux de diffraction. On obtient des rendements quantiques de l'ordre du pour cent lorsque ces structures sont recouvertes par une fraction de monocouche de cesium de facon a abaisser le travail de sortie. Comme nous l'ont montre des essais realises avec un laser nd:yag picoseconde, ces photoemetteurs pourraient etre mieux adaptes que les photocathodes conventionnelles semiconductrices comme sources d'electrons pilotees par des lasers impulsionnels a cause de leur meilleur tenue thermique. Les experiences ont aussi mis en evidence le renforcement important de l'effet photoelectrique a deux photons par excitation de plasmons de surface lorsque les films d'argent ne sont pas actives avec du cesium. Ces photocathodes resonnantes fonctionnant en regime multiphotonique pourraient etre utilisees comme sources d'electrons si la duree des impulsions laser est de l'ordre ou inferieure a la picoseconde
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Paule, Inès. "Adaptation of dosing regimen of chemotherapies based on pharmacodynamic models." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846454.
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There is high variability in response to cancer chemotherapies among patients. Its sources are diverse: genetic, physiologic, comorbidities, concomitant medications, environment, compliance, etc. As the therapeutic window of anticancer drugs is usually narrow, such variability may have serious consequences: severe (even life-threatening) toxicities or lack of therapeutic effect. Therefore, various approaches to individually tailor treatments and dosing regimens have been developed: a priori (based on genetic information, body size, drug elimination functions, etc.) and a posteriori (that is using information of measurements of drug exposure and/or effects). Mixed-effects modelling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK-PD), combined with Bayesian maximum a posteriori probability estimation of individual effects, is the method of choice for a posteriori adjustments of dosing regimens. In this thesis, a novel approach to adjust the doses on the basis of predictions, given by a model for ordered categorical observations of toxicity, was developed and investigated by computer simulations. More technical aspects concerning the estimation of individual parameters were analysed to determine the factors of good performance of the method. These works were based on the example of capecitabine-induced hand-and-foot syndrome in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Moreover, a review of pharmacodynamic models for discrete data (categorical, count, time-to-event) was performed. Finally, PK-PD analyses of hydroxyurea in the treatment of sickle cell anemia were performed and used to compare different dosing regimens and determine the optimal measures for monitoring the treatment
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Coca, Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas [UNESP]. "A soberania alimentar através do Estado e da sociedade civil: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no Brasil e a rede Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), no Canadá." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143819.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Em 1996, a coalização internacional de movimentos camponeses La Via Campesina apresentou a soberania alimentar como uma proposta alternativa de organização dos sistemas alimentares, indo além da hegemonia das grandes corporações. Nesses vinte anos, a soberania alimentar tem evoluído, sendo incorporada como bandeira de luta por outros movimentos do campo e da cidade e por alguns governos. Existe soberania alimentar quando um povo controla seu processo de alimentação, diminuindo a influência das grandes corporações. Assim, nessa proposta o alimento não é tratado como mercadoria, mas como um direito humano. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente tese é estudar experiências de compra públicas de alimentos e sua contribuição para a soberania alimentar no Brasil e no Canadá. Para isso, foram estuadas duas ações: i) o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no Cantuquiriguaçu, estado do Paraná e no Pontal do Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo – duas regiões nomeadas pelo pelo Governo Federal brasileiro como territórios da cidadania – e; ii) a rede Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), na região metropolitana de Vancouver, no Canadá. Defende-se a hipótese de que a soberania alimentar tem se constituído como uma alternativa ao regime alimentar corporativista e que, além disso, ela pode ser implementada por meio do protagonismo do Estado (exemplo do PAA) e da sociedade civil (exemplo da rede F2CC). Como elemento central dos procedimentos metodológicos foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores familiares/camponeses, representantes de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), membros do Poder Público e outros. Constatou-se que o PAA tem contribuído para a soberania alimentar no Cantuquiriguaçu e no Pontal do Paranapanema através da criação de uma nova oportunidade de mercado para os agricultores familiares/camponeses e da melhoria da alimentação dos proponentes e dos beneficiários pela doação dos alimentos. Por seu turno, a rede F2CC tem sido um vetor para a mudança das relações de consumo de alimentos em Metro Vancouver.
In 1996, the international peasant coalition La Via Campesina introduced food sovereignty as an alternative proposal for organizing food systems, going beyond the hegemony of large corporations. In these twenty years, food sovereignty has evolved, being incorporated as a flag of struggle for other social movements in the countryside, city and by some governments. Food sovereignty exists when the people control their process of nourishment, reducing the influence of large corporations. Thus, in this proposal food is not treated as a commodity, but as a human right. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to study public food procurement experiences and their contribution to food sovereignty in Brazil and Canada. For this, two programs were analyzed: i) the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Cantuquiriguaçu, the state of Parana and in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the state of São Paulo – two regions appointed by the Federal Government of Brazil as citizenship territories – and ; ii) the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network, in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, Canada. Thus, the central hypothesis is that food sovereignty has been established as an alternative food regime that, furthermore, can be implemented through the protagonism of the state (PAA as an example) and of civil society (the F2CC network as an example). As a central element of the methodological procedures, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers/peasants, representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Government Officials and others. We found that the PAA has contributed to food sovereignty in Cantuquiriguaçu and Pontal do Paranapanema by creating a new market opportunity for family farmers/peasants and a better feeding for proponents and beneficiaries by the donation of food. In its turn, the F2CC network has been a vector for change of food consumer relations in Metro Vancouver.
FAPESP: 2013/01733-1
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Hu, Rongrong 1970. "Labeling of genetically modified organisms and the producer's negative labeling decision under a voluntary labeling regime." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112638.
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During the past decade, there has been growing public attention and concern over consuming products containing or processed with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Labeling of the food products derived from the use of GMOs has thereby been a contentious debate across the world. Currently, there are two systems with regard to labeling GMO-based products: mandatory versus voluntary. The purpose of this study was to survey the research on GMOs, its application in agriculture and the surrounding labeling issues. A theoretical model was developed to analyze non-GMO producers' labeling decisions under a voluntary labeling regime, aimed at providing a theoretical perspective for governments that are contemplating the adoption of a voluntary approach to regulate GMO food products. The analysis indicates that the size of labeling costs and consumers' preferences toward non-GMO products are critical factors that will impact on non-GMO producers' labeling decisions.
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Cross, Hugh. "The effectiveness of foot orthoses as a treatment for plantar ulceration in leprosy : a study of the efficacy, acceptability, appropriateness and implantation of a podiatric regimen." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57618/.
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This was a holistic study. Four themes were investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of orthotic intervention for plantar ulceration affecting leprosy impaired subjects in India. 1. Efficacy Efficacy was demonstrated, primarily, through analysis of data pertaining to a controlled trial. Thirty-seven subjects, presenting with leprosy impairments including anaesthesia and plantar ulceration, were fitted with orthoses and allocated to an experimental group. Thirty-four similar subjects, were not offered orthoses and were allocated to a control group. After 8 months 52% of the ulcers presented by Experimental group and 12% of the ulcers presented by the Control group had healed. The rationale supporting the prescription of orthoses was investigated using the EMED system. It was demonstrated that intervention with orthoses resulted in significantly lower sub pedal peak pressures than intervention with leprosy sandals. 2. Implementation and Sustain ability Ulcer assessment data from March 1994 to January 1995 were used to compare the effects of orthoses supplied by the investigator with orthoses supplied by an Indian technician. The service, evaluated on the strength of these findings, was considered to have been successfully implemented. The analysis of data, collected from January 1995 to December 1995, was used to explain why the service was not sustained at an acceptable level. 3. Acceptability Interview data were analysed to describe the attitudes of the subjects to the intervention (n = 46). Indications from the analysis were that neither ulcer status (healed or unresolved) nor group allocation (Experimental or Control) affected attitudes towards the intervention. A general indication was that the intervention was favourably endorsed. 4. Appropriateness Using the Delphi technique (n = 10), a consensus on indicators of "appropriate" impairment control measures was sought. Differences of opinion were not resolved, but group priorities were ranked and a polled response was recorded. The results of the study were similar to the criteria suggested by the Delphi contributors.
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Smith, Kathryn. "Sating hunger in an age of plenty : the global food governance space and its role in the establishment of an effective food security regime." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15699.
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Contextualised in food security literature and globalisation literature and NGO and agency reports on food security, Sating Hunger argues that ineffective global food governance is one of the causes of worsening global hunger, in addition to issues such as the commoditisation of food, climate change effects, the financialisation of agriculture and land degradation. The global food governance literature suggests that global governance is vital to establishing a stable and effective food security regime, yet to date, no overall description of the global food governance field exists and the dynamics of the field have remained largely unexamined. Bourdieu's Field Analysis is modified and used as a method to map out the current food governance field and identify key actors and their positions, according to measures of economic capital, political capital and ‘democratic legitimacy' capital. Four sectors in the field are delineated; the ‘agrifood' Trans National Corporation sector, the International Organisation sector, the Aid and Charitable Organisation sector and, marginalised at the outer limits of the field, Civil Society Organisations. The dominance of private actors in the global food governance space is revealed, and the Field Analysis also presents the Gates Foundation as a dominant governor in the field. The results from the Field Analysis are combined with interviews with ten executives from these sectors to reveal a siloed food governance field with conflicting agendas. One organisation from each sector is also examined by case study to illustrate their practices and detail the attribution of the symbolic capitals in the Field Analysis. The problem of food insecurity is then reframed and recommendations are made including establishing the Right to Food, regulation and scrutiny of agrifood corporations, reform of the food governance field and establishing a new central body in the governance space. Some policy recommendations are also made.
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Unesi, Edessa. "From Dumping to Production Allocation : A Critical Evaluation of the Consequences of the Corporate Food Regime." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1785.
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The shift from a US-centered food regime, shaped by protectionist state-governed agriculture, to a corporate food regime, focusing on establishing transnational agribusinesses, led to various changes in livestock production and trade. This essay investigates the extent to which this shift has affected the trade relations between Brazil, Sub-Saharan Africa and the EU, by
comparing trends in trade and production of poultry.
By using statistics from trade databases Comtrade and the Market Access Database, trends in Brazilian export flows to selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are presented and evaluated. These trends suggest an increase in Brazilian poultry import to some countries, namely South Africa, Cameroon, Senegal and Gabon, not including the dramatic drop in 2006, possibly caused by exogenous factors, such as a global decrease in poultry demand because of outbreaks of Avian Influenza. European trade with Sub-Saharan Africa has to a moderate degree decreased or stagnated in some countries in the region, which could be explained by a high European domestic demand and a strong euro.
The agribusiness structure in Brazil suggests a strong connection to the characteristics making up the corporate food regime, and their success and expansion point toward a continued increase in poultry market shares, in turn suggesting stronger influence on the global market. Hence, the gains of trade liberalization are toned down for developing countries, seeing that trade with subsidized developed countries is being replaced with that of developing countries.
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Saab, Anne. "A legal inquiry into hunger and climate change : climate-ready seeds in the neoliberal food regime." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3201/.
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This thesis explores the issue of hunger in the context of climate change. In particular, it investigates the role that international law plays in finding ways to tackle hunger. The research focuses on one particular adaptation strategy to climate change that has been proposed, namely ‘climate-ready seeds’. Climate-ready seeds are genetically engineered for resistance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, and intended to increase food production in the face of climate change. This research presents narratives of climate-ready seeds that expose different perspectives on whether these seeds can contribute to solving the problem of hunger. The specific example of climate-ready seeds is seen as a reflection of the ‘neoliberal’ food regime. While the exploration of the role of international law focuses primarily on climate-ready seeds, the conclusions are also relevant for food regime theory more broadly. I study the role of law in discourse on climate-ready seeds through the fields of climate change adaptation law, intellectual property law (particularly seed patents), and human rights law (especially the right to food). My main argument is that, while law is often invoked as part of the solution to climate change-induced hunger, there is little attention for the role that law plays in framing the problem. How hunger is framed as a problem determines the solutions available to solve it. Ultimately, this inquiry investigates the contribution of international law in framing hunger in the context of climate change as a problem. The analysis is based on the identification of five fundamental assumptions underlying debates on climate-ready seeds. I argue that a great deal of critical attention is directed at corporate patent rights on seeds; much less consideration is given to fundamental questions about hunger and how to eradicate it Finally, I apply the conclusions about the role of law in debates about climate-ready seeds to the neoliberal food regime. My broader argument is that global food relations as understood through food regime theory must consider the role that law plays in creating and reinforcing a certain way of thinking about hunger in the context of climate change. Without addressing the framework of assumptions on which the current food regime is based, it will be difficult to truly change global food relations and formulate alternative ways of combating hunger.
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Lischke, Betty [Verfasser], and Ursula [Akademischer Betreuer] Gaedke. "Food web regulation under different forcing regimes in shallow lakes : synthesis and modelling / Betty Lischke ; Betreuer: Ursula Gaedke." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218400277/34.
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PESRUELLE, BRUNO. "Evaporation par radio-frequence et condensation de bose-einstein d'un gaz d'alcalins en regime de champ fort." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112042.
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Nous presentons un nouvel outil destine a atteindre la condensation de bose-einstein par refroidissement evaporatif d'atomes alcalins confines dans un potentiel magnetique. Notre approche repose sur l'utilisation de materiaux ferromagnetiques pour generer le potentiel de piegeage. Elle nous permet d'obtenir un confinement efficace avec une puissance electrique faible (100 w). Apres une experience preliminaire qui nous a permis de valider l'utilisation d'un electroaimant a coeur de fer pur pour le piegeage magnetique d'atomes neutres, nous avons developpe un electroaimant de seconde generation que nous avons utilise pour etudier le refroidissement evaporatif d'un gaz de rubidium 87. Ce dispositif a pour particularite de pieger les atomes dans un champ magnetique eleve, de l'ordre de 100 gauss. A cause de la valeur elevee du champ magnetique, l'effet zeeman quadratique n'est plus negligeable et les transitions radio-frequence entre sous-niveaux zeeman adjacents ne sont plus resonnantes au meme point. Cette propriete a des consequences dramatiques sur le refroidissement evaporatif dans l'etat f = 2 et conduit a une interruption de l'evaporation. Une experience d'evaporation a frequence fixe nous a permis de mettre en evidence l'influence de cet effet. Nous avons egalement observe que le refroidissement d'un gaz piege dans f = m = 2 ne permet pas de diminuer la temperature en dessous de 50 k. En revanche, le processus d'evaporation n'est pas affecte pour l'etat hyperfin inferieur f = 1 et nous avons pu atteindre la condensation de bose-einstein en refroidissant le gaz en dessous de 150 nk.
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Vigneron, Pierre-Baptiste. "Mid-Infrared Detectors and THz Devices Operating in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS082/document.
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Les polaritons inter-sous-bandes, observés pour la première fois il y a une quinzaine d’années, sont des quasi-particules dont de nombreuses propriétés restent encore à découvrir. La recherche dans ce domaine se focalise actuellement sur la réalisation de condensats de Bose-Einstein. Une telle découverte pourrait révolutionner l’optoélectronique du moyen infra-rouge jusqu’au THz ouvrant la voie à l’instauration de nouveaux concepts de sources lumineuses,de détecteurs ou de systèmes logiques en couplage fort. Dans cette quête, le choix de la cavité résonnante est critique. Dans ce manuscrit nous proposons d’utiliser des cavités métal-isolant-métal (M-I-M) avec un réseau dispersif sur le métal supérieur. Ce type de cavité,conservant un confinement élevé entre les deux plans métalliques, offre de nombreuses possibilités d’ajustement de la résonance de cavité : via la géométrie de la cavité ( épaisseur de la cavité, période et recouvrement du réseau) ainsi que par le couplage de la lumière avec la cavité (vecteur d’onde incident). Les cavités M-I-M dispersives ouvrent donc un nouveau champ d’exploration des polaritons inter-sous-bande. Dans un premier temps nous avons introduit ces cavités dans le domaine du THz afin d’étudier les phénomènes de relaxation polariton-polariton. Un système expérimental dédié à cette exploration a été conçu pour mesurer la réflectivité des polaritons THz avec une fine résolution en angle. Dans une second temps, des capteurs moyen infrarouge en couplage fort avec une cavité M-I-M dispersive ont été conçus, fabriqués et mesurés dans le but d’explorer la génération de photo-courant à partir de polaritons et d’utiliser le couplage fort pour dissocier l’ énergie de détection de l’énergie d’activation. Cette seconde étude s’inscrit dans l’objectif de pompage électrique des polaritons ISB. Parallèlement à l’étude des polaritons, nous avons également participé au développement de techniques(interféromètre Gires-Tournois et revêtement anti-réflection) pour compresser les impulsions optiques de lasers à cascade quantique THzAfter fifteen years of intersubband polaritons development some of the peculiar properties of these quasi-particles are still unexplored. A deeper comprehension of the polaritons is needed to access their fundamental properties and assess their applicative potential as efficient emitters or detectors in the mid-infrared and THz.In this manuscript we used Metal-Insulator-Metal (MI-M) cavities with a top metal periodic grating as a platform to deepen the understanding of ISB polaritons.The advantages of M-I-M are twofold : first they confine the TM00 mode, second the dispersion of the cavity -over a large set of in-plane wave-vectors- offers various experimental configurations to observe the polaritons in both reflection and photo-current. We reexamined the properties of ISB polaritons in the mid-infrared and in the THz using these resonators. In the first part, we explore the implementation of dispersive M-I-M cavities with THz intersubband transitions. In the THz domain, the scattering mechanisms of the THz ISB polaritons need to be understood. The dispersive cavity is a major asset to study these mechanisms because it provides more degrees of freedom to the system. For this purpose, we fabricated a new experimental set-up to measure the polariton dispersion at liquid Helium temperature. After the characterization of the polaritons in reflectivity, a pump-probe experiment was performed on the polaritonic devices. The second part of this manuscript presents the implementation of M-I-M dispersive cavities with abound-to-quasi-bound quantum well infrared photo detector designed to detect in strong coupling. Beyond electrical probing of the polaritons, the strong coupling can disentangle the frequency of detection from the thermal activation energy and reduce the dark current at a given frequency. In parallel to the exploration of THz polaritons, we developed two techniques (Gires-Tournois Interferometer and Anti-reflection coating) in order to shorten the pulses of THz quantum cascade lasers with metal-metal waveguides
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Balfour, Robert Andrew. "Differences in the growth of the wolf spider Hogna helluo (Araneae : Lycosidae) reared under high and low food quantity diets." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1078419602.
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Martin, Alicia. "The Socio-Environmental Aspects of Students’ Food Literacy: An Exploratory Case Study of Two Ontarian High Schools." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37320.
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North American food environments have gone through dramatic shifts over the past six decades. During this period, we have witnessed the consolidation of a globalizing industrial agrifood regime, accompanied by new types of foods available and an excess of marketing. In recent years however, a growing number of scholars, environmentalists, rural organizations and consumers have highlighted the negative environmental and social impacts of this model of large scale, intensive monocultures. Another critique that has been more and more common is the lack of a comprehensive food literacy among youth populations. This thesis starts from the assumption that such knowledge is crucial to equip younger generations with the ability to understand the connections among these issues, to make conscious and informed choices and become engaged citizens, participating in transforming today’s predominantly unsustainable agrifood systems. This is essential as younger generations are the future consumers, heads of households and decision-makers in Canadian society. As such, one of the primary objectives of this research was to (re)situate the concept of food literacy amidst the many literatures while also providing an original comprehensive framework of analysis, reaffirming both its health and well-being and agrifood systems components. Consequently, and based on such assessments, the thesis offers an original and exploratory analysis of high school students’ food literacy levels. Using a mixed methods approach, it draws from qualitative and quantitative primary data resources and secondary literature to survey and compare eight groups of students in grades 9 and 10 in Ontario. Four of these groups took a food-related class and four were control groups, between two different types of food-related curricula. The research shows that a majority of the high school students who participated in the study have a basic level of food literacy. This is especially notable when including socio-environmental considerations in order to assess their level of agrifood systems’ literacy, which is the main focus and contribution that this research sought to evaluate.
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Niiranen, Susa. "Multiple forces drive the Baltic Sea food web dynamics and its response to environmental change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92541.
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Understanding the interaction of multiple drivers and their compounded effects on ecosystem dynamics is a key challenge for marine resource management. The Baltic Sea is one of the world’s seas most strongly impacted by effects from both human activities and climate. In the late 1980’s changes in climate in combination with intensive fishing initiated a reorganization of the Central Baltic Sea (CBS) food web resulting in the current sprat-dominated state. In the future, climate change is projected to cause drastic changes in hydrodynamic conditions of the world oceans in general, and the Baltic Sea in particular. In this thesis, CBS food web responses to the combined effects of fishing, nutrient loads and climate were tested for the past (1974-2006) and projected into the future (2010-2098). A new food web model for the CBS (BaltProWeb) was developed using extensive monitoring data across trophic levels. This model described the past food web dynamics well, and was hence also used for future (2010-2098) projections. Different ensemble modeling approaches were employed when testing the food web response to future scenarios. The results show that regardless the climate change, the management of nutrient loads and cod fishing are likely to determine the food web dynamics and trophic control mechanisms in the future Baltic Sea. Consequently, the variation in the food web projections was large, ranging from a strongly eutrophied and sprat-dominated to a cod-dominated CBS with eutrophication levels close to today’s values. The results also suggest a potential risk of abrupt ecosystem changes in the future CBS, particularly if the nutrient loads are not reduced. Finally, the studies illustrate the usefulness of the ensemble modeling approach, both from the perspective of ecosystem-based management as well as for studying the importance of different mechanisms in the ecosystem response.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: In press. Paper 5: Submitted.
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Thomas, Courtney Irene Powell. "The Problem with Purity: Market Failures, Foodborne Contamination, and the Search for Accountability in the U.S. Food Safety Regulatory Regime." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26312.
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One of the great myths of contemporary U.S. culture is that America's food supply is the safest in the world. Another is that government agencies have the ability and authority to guarantee food safety and to enforce accountability standards upon food producers, processors, and distributors. But the U.S. food safety regulatory regime is as it has been for more than a century: embedded in the notions of food purity and wholesomeness that framed the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the 1906 Federal Meat Inspection Act. Although changes in food production, processing, and distribution that occurred throughout the 20th century have rendered this regulatory regime ineffective and inefficient, efforts to amend its regulatory scope and power have been largely unsuccessful. Current proposals to transform this system, including the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2009 and the Food Safety Enhancement Act of 2009, however, would expand the power of government agencies to require process-based food safety systems, to test for contamination, to issue recalls, and to institute traceability protocols for all food products. Yet much of the economic literature critiques this top-down approach to regulation. Beginning with an overview of U.S. food safety and its regulation, this dissertation examines the relative effectiveness and efficiency of "top-down" "command and control" versus "bottom up" "market driven" regulatory regimes designed to resolve market failures and promote accountability relative to food safety. It includes an analysis of the impact and influence of food producing, processing, and distributing firms upon the policy process, examining when, why, and how large agri-food corporations support or oppose changes to the food safety regulatory regime and accountability framework, and concludes with an investigation of food safety crises as a catalyst for political change.Ph. D.
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Morrow, Kristina Joan. "Modification of Trophic Links between an Omnivore and Macroinfaunal Prey from Sandy Beaches of differing Physical Regimes." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4176.
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Sandy beach ecosystems have been studied worldwide; however, ecological data are sparse for the extensive barrier islands of Florida. Accordingly, I investigated the feeding patterns of the ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata), a dominant omnivore inhabiting beaches along the Floridian coast. Density data was collected for ghost crabs and swash macroinfaunal prey. In addition, I utilized stable isotopes in conjunction with the mixing models IsoSource and SIAR to characterize diets of ghost crabs across three barrier islands in spring and summer 2011. Results showed that ghost crabs at Cayo Costa feed primarily on swash macroinfauna, while those from Anclote Key shifted their diet to one comprised primarily of semi-terrestrial amphipods. However, at Honeymoon Island, ghost crab isotopic signatures were best explained by a mixed diet of both macroinfauna and wrack-associated prey. The unique consumption of wrack fauna at Anclote Key co-occurs with comparatively low infaunal densities and biomass, and modified ghost crab behavior due to trait-mediated effects. My results are novel because they suggest that wrack-associated fauna may be an important food source for ghost crabs in certain beach regimes.
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Buke, Atakan. "Globalization, Transnationalization And Imperialism: Evaluation Of Sociology Of Agriculture And Food In The Case Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610288/index.pdf.
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This study aims to evaluate conceptual considerations of the sociology of agriculture and food from inside and outside of the literature in relation to transnationalization and its claim on the emergence of a transnational state. Although the history of the literature can be traced back to mid-1970s, its development corresponds to 1990s which is also the period that witnessed the hegemony of the concept of globalization in social sciences. This study argues that the claim on transnationalization reflects the intimate relationship of sociology of agriculture and food with the globalist interpretation of the concept of globalization or globalization theory which suffers from methodological and theoretical problems mainly in relation to the analysis of immanent contradictions and distinctive features of capitalism. With the criticism of the concepts of globalization and transnationalization, this study aims to break the intimate relationship of the sociology of agriculture and food with the globalization theory and suggests that the concept of imperialism is a powerful analytical concept in comprehending the transformation of capitalist relations, particularly the agrifood relations since late 1970s. In other words, this study aims to reevaluate the concepts (agrifood system and food regime) and problematics formulated in the sociology of agriculture and food literature within the theoretical framework based on the concept of capitalist imperialism exemplified in the analysis of transformation of agrifood relations since 1980 in the case of Turkey.
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Fischer, Lukas. "Development of virtual environments to investigate path integration in mice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17999.
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Path integration is the ability to navigate to a goal location without using external cues, thus relying entirely on self-motion information. To do so, two components of a path need to be encoded: orientation and distance. While the ability to estimate distance, called linear path integration, is well established in humans, it is unclear whether rodents are equally capable of doing so and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are only poorly understood. This thesis discusses the development of a virtual reality system and behavioural task to investigate linear path integration in mice, and the results obtained from experiments carried out with this system. The setup provides full control over visual input while de-correlating vestibular and olfactory signals from location. Manipulations of the translation from physical to virtual movement can thus be used to probe relative influences of motor related and visual signals. Chapter 1 reviews the current literature on path integration and provides a background to the technical setup of the system. Chapter 2 describes the design and construction of the virtual reality system, its individual components and the software created to run experiments. It discusses how 3-d modelling and 3-d printing have successfully been combined to allow rapid development and production of custom components in different materials. Chapter 3 discusses the development of behavioural tasks designed to investigate linear path integration. It shows that by using a simple virtual track design and a carefully monitored food-deprivation regime, mice can be trained to successfully associate a visually indicated location with a reward. Chapter 4 describes behavioural experiments carried out using this virtual linear track. I obtained evidence that mice can estimate the distance to the rewarded zone reliably using path integration strategies. To test whether mice rely on motor information or optic flow, I manipulated the gain between physical movement and virtual movement. My results suggest that mice primarily rely on motor information for linear path integration. In the final chapter the results are discussed in the context of other recent work and areas for further development of the system are identified.
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Chervy, Thibault. "Strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and its consequences on molecules and materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF033/document.
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Cette thèse présente une étude exploratoire de plusieurs aspects du couplage fort lumière-matière dans des matériaux moléculaires. Différentes propriétés héritées d’un tel couplage sont démontrées, ouvrant de nombreuses possibilités d’applications, allant du transfert d’énergie à la génération de signaux optiques non-linéaires et à l’élaboration de réseaux polaritoniques chiraux. Au travers des thématiques abordées, l’idée d’un couplage lumière-matière entrant en compétition avec les différentes fréquences de dissipation des molécules se révèle être cruciale. Ainsi, la prédominance du couplage cohérent au champ électromagnétique apparaît comme un moyen de modifier les propriétés quantiques des états moléculaires, ouvrant la voie à une nouvelle chimie des matériaux en cavitéThis thesis presents an exploratory study of several aspects of strong light-matter coupling in molecular materials. Different properties inherited from such a coupling are demonstrated, opening the way to numerous applications, ranging from energy transfer to the generation of non-linear optical signals and to the development of chiral polaritonic networks. Through the topics covered, the idea of a light-matter coupling strength competing with the different frequencies of relaxation of the molecules proves to be crucial. Thus, the predominance of the coherent coupling to the electromagnetic field appears as a new mean of modifying the quantum properties of molecular systems, opening the way to a new chemistry of materials in optical cavities
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Castanié, Aurore. "Surface plasmon hybridization in the strong coupling regime in gain structures." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20093/document.
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Les plasmons de surface sont des modes non-radiatifs qui vivent à l'interface d'un diélectrique et d'un métal. Ils peuvent confiner la lumière à des échelles sub-longueur d'onde. Néanmoins, leur propagation reste limitée par les pertes inhérentes au métal qui entraînent une absorption rapide du mode. L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude du couplage des plasmons de surface dans des structures planes métallo-diélectriques. L'obtention des propriétés des différents modes nécessite le prolongement des solutions dans le plan complexe définissant la constante de propagation. La méthode mise en œuvre consiste à déterminer les pôles de la matrice de diffusion en utilisant les intégrales de Cauchy. Une première solution pour résoudre le problème de propagation des plasmons de surface consiste à coupler ces modes entre eux. Dans un milieu symétrique, lorsque l'épaisseur d'un film métallique devient suffisamment faible, le couplage entre les modes plasmons existants sur chaque surface devient possible. L'un des deux modes couplés ainsi créé, dit plasmon longue portée, a une longueur de propagation supérieure à celle du plasmon de surface usuel tandis que l'autre, dit plasmon à courte portée, se propage moins. Nous présentons une configuration permettant l'excitation du mode longue portée sans le mode courte portée grâce à une couche métallique déposée sur un substrat infiniment conducteur. Cette excitation peut alors être effectuée dans l'air et permettre des applications comme la détection et la caractérisation de molécules. Ensuite, nous présentons le couplage entre deux guides d'ondes diélectriques, et plus particulièrement la théorie des modes couplés, étendue au cas de la polarisation transverse magnétique. Nous considérons aussi le cas de la PT symétrie. La dernière partie de ce mémoire présente la démonstration du régime de couplage fort entre un plasmon de surface et un mode guidé. Nous mettons alors en évidence une augmentation de la longueur de propagation pour le mode hybride plasmon dont le confinement reste celui d'un mode de surface. Un gain linéaire est ensuite ajouté dans les différentes couches de la structure pour en étudier l'effet. L'ajout de gain dans la couche intermédiaire entre les deux modes couplés a pour conséquence l'exaltation de la longueur de propagation des modes et plus particulièrement du mode hybride plasmon qui peut alors se propager au-delà du millimètreSurface plasmon polaritons are non radiative modes which exist at the interface between a dielectric and a metal. They can confine light at sub-wavelength scales. However, their propagation is restricted by the intrinsic losses of the metal which imply a rapid absorption of the mode. The aim of this thesis is the study of the coupling of surface plasmons in metallo-dielectric planar structures. Obtaining the properties of the modes implies the extension of the solutions to the complex plane of propagation constants. The method used consists in determining the poles of the scattering matrix by means of Cauchy's integrals. The first solution to solve the problem of propagation of the surface plasmons consists in coupling these modes to one another. In a symmetric medium, when the thickness of the metallic film becomes thin enough, the coupling between the plasmon modes which exist on each side becomes possible. One of the coupled modes which is created, the so-called long range surface plasmon, has a bigger propagation length than the usual plasmon whereas the other coupled mode, named short range surface plasmon, has a smaller propagation length. We present a configuration which allows the excitation of the long range surface plasmon without the short range mode with a metallic layer deposited on a perfect electric conductor substrate. This excitation can be done in air and allows applications, such as the detection and the characterisation of molecules. Then, we present the coupling between dielectric waveguides, and, in particular, the coupled-mode theory in the case of the transverse magnetic polarisation. We consider also the case of PT symmetric structure. The last part of this work presents the demonstration of the strong coupling regime between a surface plasmon and a guided mode. We demonstrate an increase of the propagation length of the hybrid surface plasmon, which still has the confinement of a surface mode. A linear gain is added in the different layers of the structure. When the gain is added in the layer between both coupled modes allows an enhancement of the propagation lengths of the modes, and more precisely of the hybrid surface plasmon mode, which can propagate at the millimeter scale
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Jungcurt, Stefan. "Institutional interplay in international environmental governance policy interdependence and strategic interaction in the regime complex on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture." Aachen Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988748959/04.
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Jungcurt, Stefan. "Institutional interplay in international environmental governance : policy interdependence and strategic interaction in the regime complex on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988748959/04.
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Chiaramello, Marco. "Laser amplification via stimulated Brillouin scattering in the strongly coupled regime : towards control and optimization." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066304/document.
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L'utilisation de plasmas comme milieu amplificateur d'impulsions laser intenses pourrait permettre de surmonter les limites de la technologie actuelle en termes de l'intensité maximum réalisable. Par l'intermédiaire d'une oscillation de plasma, l'énergie d'une longue impulsion laser de pompe peut être transférée à une impulsion courte (« seed »). La rétrodiffusion Brillouin a le potentiel pour devenir un processus d'amplification robuste. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des études théoriques et numériques visant à mieux comprendre le rôle de chaque paramètre du plasma et de la pompe sur le mécanisme d'amplification: forme et longueur du profil de densité, durée de la pompe, retard relatif entre la pompe et le seed, et chirp (dérive en fréquence) de la pompe. Nous montrons une première description complète de l'évolution dans le temps et dans l'espace des phases de la pompe, du seed et de la perturbation de densité plasma, qui déterminent le sens du transfert d'énergie entre les faisceaux laser et l'efficacité de l'amplification. Afin de proposer et d'améliorer les schémas expérimentaux actuels, une comparaison est effectuée avec les expériences récentesThe use of plasma as an amplification medium is currently discussed because it can overcome current solid-state technology limitations in terms of maximum achievable intensity. Via parametric scattering off a plasma oscillation the energy from a long pump pulse can be transferred into a short seed pulse. Brillouin scattering has the potential to become a robust amplification process. In this thesis we present theoretical and numerical (PIC) studies aimed at better understanding the role of each plasma parameter on the amplification mechanism: the interaction length, the shape of the density profile, the duration of the long pump signal, the relative delay between the seed and pump signals, the chirp of the long pump laser pulse. For the first time we show complete description of the time and space evolution of the phases of the pump, seed and plasma density perturbation that dictate the energy flow transfer between the pump and seed laser beams and the efficiency of amplification. In order to propose and improve nowadays experimental set-ups, a comparison with recent experiments is performed
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Lundström, Markus. "Prosperity and marginalization : - An analysis of the expanding meat production in southern Brazil." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Economic History, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-32343.
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The production of meat has risen dramatically during the past decades. This process, generally referred to as the Livestock Revolution, particularly includes so called “developing countries”, hosting the most intensive augmentation of both production and consumption. As agricultural activities often are performed by small-scale farmers in these countries, the principal question for this study has been how family farmers are affected by the Livestock Revolution.
This study approaches the Livestock Revolution in Brazil, the world’s biggest national exporter of meats and animal feeds, from the small-scale farmer perspective. Drawing on a case study of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’s southernmost state, it is argued that family farmers experience multi-level marginalization. Smallholders of pork and poultry face direct marginalization through vertical integration with the large-scale meat processors (the agribusiness). Other family farmers experience marginalization through the actual exclusion from ‘integration’, as the combined corporate forces of agribusiness and supermarket chains control the principal distributive channels. Small-scale farmers also face indirect marginalization as the increasing production of soybeans (used as animal feeds) and large-scale cattle raising create an unfortunate ‘competition for arable land’. Overall, the case study seems to reflect a national tendency, in which the Livestock Revolution intensifies the polarization of the agrarian community in Brazil, thus creating parallel patterns of prosperity for the agribusiness and marginalization for the small-scale farmers.
As the Food Regime analysis aims to approach the global political economy by analysing agri-food structures, this theoretical approach has been used to contextualize the case of Livestock Revolution in Brazil. From this viewpoint, the Livestock Revolution constitutes an explicit expression of a corporate Food Regime, increasing the power of private companies at the expense of family farmers. However, the Food Regime analysis also identifies divergent patterns of this Third Food Regime, in which the corporate discourse is being challenged by an alternative paradigm of food and agriculture. The marginalization of farmers in rural Brazil has indeed provoked emancipatory responses, including alternative patterns of production and distribution, as well as direct confrontations such as land occupations. This ‘resistance from the margins’ accentuates the conflict between contrasting visions for food and agriculture, apparently embedded in the Food Regime. The farmers’ emancipation is therefore somewhat determined by the rather uncertain progress of the Third Food Regime.
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Blythe, Demitra E. "Assessing the Ecological Implications of the Altered Flow and Sediment Regimes of the Rio Grande Along the West Texas-Mexico Border." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7358.
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Large, exotic (those whose headwaters are in distant places) rivers are some of the most unique and diverse ecosystems on earth. Because they often flow through a multitude of biomes and climates, their waters are a vital resource not only for the organisms that inhabit these rivers, but for human societies as well. Thus, large rivers, like the Rio Grande, that flow through arid and agricultural regions are highly regulated and diverted. Regulation and dewatering upset a river’s natural flow regime (e.g., magnitude, duration, timing of large flood events), subsequently impacting the river’s ability to transport its sediment supply, and eventually perturbing a river into either sediment surplus or deficit. The combination of altered flow and sediment regimes influence the availability of habitat essential for the survival and viability of aquatic organisms, such as fish and invertebrates. In addition, increased deposition of sediment creates areas suitable for invasive riparian vegetation to establish, likely affecting habitat complexity and increasing the abundance of leaf litter deposited into the river. The altered flow and sediment regimes, in combination with invasive riparian vegetation, culminate and eventually affect the food resources and aquatic communities present in a river ecosystem. Most often, the links between the physical perturbations to a system with the biological factors are poorly understood. In this study, we use distinct segments of the Rio Grande along the US-Mexico border to compare areas with greater and lower habitat heterogeneity, water quality, and invasive riparian species abundance to better understand what physical factors can influence aquatic species such as fish and invertebrate communities. We identify critical limiting factors for the native fish community present, and link the altered flow and sediment regimes with the aquatic ecological template of the Rio Grande.
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Costa, Bruno Tabith [UNESP]. "Parâmetros produtivos, composição corporal e qualidade da carne de bovinos nelore criados em regime extensivo em função da idade e peso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88186.
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Um dos grandes desafios da bovinocultura de corte no Brasil é aproximar a realidade do campo às condições ideais de produção, visando maximizar a produtividade e a qualidade da carne. Os animais mais pesados entram no período de estiagem com maior quantidade de gordura acumulada, mantendo uma condição corporal melhor até o final da época seca, quando, em geral, o preço do boi está em alta, pela escassez de oferta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento dos parâmetros produtivos, a composição corporal e a qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore. Foram utilizados 45 bovinos machos castrados da raça Nelore, com peso variando entre 19 a 24 @ e idade entre 2,5 a 5 anos. Todos os animais foram mantidos em sistema de criação extensiva, em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens e suplemento mineral ad libitum. Os abates realizaram-se em novembro de 2009 e avaliou-se aspectos quantitativos, estatísticos, qualidade da carne, além de análise química, sensorial, de imagem e a avaliação da cor. No aspecto qualitativo, a carne dos animais mais velhos apresentou maior teor de gordura intramuscular, caracterizando o marmoreio. A maciez, medida instrumentalmente, não diferiu com a idade dos animais. Na análise sensorial, a carne dos animais mais velhos foi considerada melhor, no aspecto geral, e mais macia. Quanto ao aspecto quantitativo, o rendimento de carcaça não sofreu influência da idade. Animais abatidos mais pesados não apresentaram menores rendimentos de carcaça e obtiveram a maior aceitação pelos provadores
A major challenge of beef cattle in Brazil is get closer to the reality of the ideal field of production to maximize productivity and meat quality. The heavier animals entering the dry period with the highest amount of accumulated fat, maintaining a better body condition by the end of the dry season, when, in general, the price of beef is rising, the shortage of supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of production parameters, body composition and meat quality of Nellore. Were used for this stidy, 45 Nelore bovine, male, castrated, with weight ranging from 537 to 670 kilos and between the ages of 2.5 to 5 years. All the animals were kept in extensive farming system, in pasture of Brachiaria decumbens and mineral supplement ad libitum. The slaughters were held in November 2009 and evaluated statistical and quantitative aspects, the quality of meat, in addition to sensory aspects, chemical analysis, and evaluation of image and the color of meat. In the qualitative aspect, the meat of older animal had a higher fat content. In sensory analysis, meat from older animals was considered better, in general appearance, and softer. Regarding the quantitative aspect, the carcass yield was not affect by age. The percentage of fat was higher in the processing of heavier carcasses. Slaughtered animals with heavier weight, showed no lower income housing and earned the highest acceptance by tasters
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Costa, Bruno Tabith. "Parâmetros produtivos, composição corporal e qualidade da carne de bovinos nelore criados em regime extensivo em função da idade e peso /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88186.
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Orientador: Marcos Franke PintoBanca: Jorge Antonio Ferreira de Lara
Banca: Guilherme de Paula Nogueira
Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios da bovinocultura de corte no Brasil é aproximar a realidade do campo às condições ideais de produção, visando maximizar a produtividade e a qualidade da carne. Os animais mais pesados entram no período de estiagem com maior quantidade de gordura acumulada, mantendo uma condição corporal melhor até o final da época seca, quando, em geral, o preço do boi está em alta, pela escassez de oferta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento dos parâmetros produtivos, a composição corporal e a qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore. Foram utilizados 45 bovinos machos castrados da raça Nelore, com peso variando entre 19 a 24 @ e idade entre 2,5 a 5 anos. Todos os animais foram mantidos em sistema de criação extensiva, em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens e suplemento mineral ad libitum. Os abates realizaram-se em novembro de 2009 e avaliou-se aspectos quantitativos, estatísticos, qualidade da carne, além de análise química, sensorial, de imagem e a avaliação da cor. No aspecto qualitativo, a carne dos animais mais velhos apresentou maior teor de gordura intramuscular, caracterizando o marmoreio. A maciez, medida instrumentalmente, não diferiu com a idade dos animais. Na análise sensorial, a carne dos animais mais velhos foi considerada melhor, no aspecto geral, e mais macia. Quanto ao aspecto quantitativo, o rendimento de carcaça não sofreu influência da idade. Animais abatidos mais pesados não apresentaram menores rendimentos de carcaça e obtiveram a maior aceitação pelos provadores
Abstract:A major challenge of beef cattle in Brazil is get closer to the reality of the ideal field of production to maximize productivity and meat quality. The heavier animals entering the dry period with the highest amount of accumulated fat, maintaining a better body condition by the end of the dry season, when, in general, the price of beef is rising, the shortage of supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of production parameters, body composition and meat quality of Nellore. Were used for this stidy, 45 Nelore bovine, male, castrated, with weight ranging from 537 to 670 kilos and between the ages of 2.5 to 5 years. All the animals were kept in extensive farming system, in pasture of Brachiaria decumbens and mineral supplement ad libitum. The slaughters were held in November 2009 and evaluated statistical and quantitative aspects, the quality of meat, in addition to sensory aspects, chemical analysis, and evaluation of image and the color of meat. In the qualitative aspect, the meat of older animal had a higher fat content. In sensory analysis, meat from older animals was considered better, in general appearance, and softer. Regarding the quantitative aspect, the carcass yield was not affect by age. The percentage of fat was higher in the processing of heavier carcasses. Slaughtered animals with heavier weight, showed no lower income housing and earned the highest acceptance by tasters
Mestre
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Jungcurt, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Institutional Interplay in International Environmental Governance : Policy Interdependence and Strategic Interaction in the Regime Complex on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture / Stefan Jungcurt." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1164342703/34.
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Schaugaard, Craig J. "The Effects of Temperature Regime and Food Availability on Growth Rates of Young-of-the-year Colorado Squawfish (Ptychocheilus Lucius) in the Green River, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4662.
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The effects of different daily temperature regimes and food availability on growth rates of Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) were determined using field and laboratory experiments. Daily temperature and food gradients were observed in river backwaters (important nursery habitat for juvenile Colorado squawfish). High fluctuating temperatures (+- 5-8 C) were observed daily in the shallow, terminal ends of backwaters. Where backwaters were in contact with the river (mouth), daily temperature fluctuations decreased (+- 2 C). Food availability also varied spatially between the mouth and end of each backwater. To test whether Colorado squawfish growth rates varied in different areas of backwaters along these gradients, a series of cage experiments was performed. Cages were placed in each backwater at the end (high temperature fluctuation), middle (moderate temperature fluctuation), and mouth (low temperature fluctuation). Colorado squawfish growth rates were significantly higher near the mouth of the backwater where temperatures were more constant.
In laboratory aquaria, Colorado squawfish growth rates were observed at three different temperature regimes, similar to those found in backwaters (+-0, +-3, and +-7 C). As with field experiments, growth rates were high in the low fluctuating temperature treatment; however, they were not significantly different from the highly fluctuating temperature treatment. Behavioral observations of Colorado squawfish movement performed using a large (5 m x 1 m x 0.5 m) Plexiglas tank with a temperature regime similar to that found in backwaters suggested that Colorado squawfish spent the majority of their time in the deeper part of the tank where the least amount of temperature fluctuation occurred.
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Thorslund, Mårten. "Periurbana jordbrukare i norra Mälardalen och deras uppfattning om begreppen hållbar utveckling och hållbart jordbruk." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33524.
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Today, most of us live without a physical understanding of what agriculture does in and for modern societies and what its implications are. This makes it hard to see all the complex facets surrounding the farming practice and its connection to our past, present and future. This study explores how peri-urban farmers experience what they find to be a weak practice of the for them purely theoretical phenomenon of sustainable development. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with unconventional farmers in fertile Swedish agricultural area around Mälardalen. Nearby cities include Stockholm, Enköping and Uppsala. The qualitative empirical study deals with issues of peri-urban agriculture and sustainable intensification of agriculture. But above all describes clusters of how the farmers experience the concept of sustainable development. The methodology of phenomenology is used as a way of experiencing what the farmers express both explicitly and implicitly. By adding the term sustainable farming, a triangulation is done for a sustainable development. Two peer-reviewed studies that launch the terms ecological understanding (Carlsson 1999) and distance moral (Almers 2009), together with the sustainability terms, make a more robust theoretical framework for interpreting a sustainable development. The third peer-reviewed study by Larsson (2016) uses scenario analysis of what an up-scaled agriculture in Polish and three Baltic states could mean for the Baltic sea region. The scenarios point out the effects of either converting into Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) or to the conventional agriculturarl policy (CAP) as promoted in Sweden and the European Union. The empirical study as well as the peer-reviewed studies mutually find a dissonance between theory and practice between governance, organizations, farmers and consumer behavior when it comes to sustainable farming as well as a sustainable development as defined by the UN (WCED 1987). The study raises how a sustainable intensified farming, SIA, (Rockström 2016) and the theoretical framework of sustainable development could benefit from a higher level of ecological understanding and distance moral. The study also suggests a new term: ecemony, from a semantic merger of the terms economy and hegemony. By ecemony I argue that the economy has been given such prominance by and for us, that it pours through our minds and collective thoughts and governance so that it now constitutes our common senses.I dagens samhällen lever merparten av befolkningen utan egen djup kunskap om eller praktisk erfarenhet av jordbruk. Det påverkar våra uppfattningar om oss själva och vår plats och roll i samhället. Dagens jordbruk och samhällsutveckling att tätt sammanflätade på gott och ont. De både samverkar och motverkas av respektives effekter i form av dolda kostnader. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur hållbarhetsbegrepp uppfattas av de periurbana jordbrukarna mätt som kvalitativt skilda beskrivningskategorier med fenomenografisk metod. Studien baserar sig på fem semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med periurbana jordbrukare och identifierar deras uppfattningar om hållbarhetsbegreppet som studiens resultat. Studien omfattar förutom egen empiri också begreppen avståndsmoral (Almers 2009) och ekologisk förståelse (Carlsson 1999) genom tidigare forskning. Ytterligare en studie (Larsson 2016) som använts utgår från tre scenarier för hur jordbruk i Östersjöregionen kan bli mer hållbart. Frågeställningarna som valts är: Vad är jordbrukarnas uppfattningar om begreppet en hållbar utveckling? Vilka uppfattningar har de av begreppet ett hållbart jordbruk? Vad har jordbrukarna för tilltro till om hållbarhetsdefinitionen kan förverkligas? I den empirin och med stöd av dessa studier, framläggs att och hur ekonomin dominerar över de sociala och ekologiska aspekterna inom hållbarhetsbegreppet och hur stora skillnader mellan ord och handling råder inom praxis i hållbarhetsfrågan. Låg förståelse för ekologi och moralfrågor inom hållbarhetsområdet minskar enligt studien sannolikheten för att vi ska kunna uppnå en hållbar utveckling. I diskussionen återknyts till frågeställning och syftet. Där diskuteras även det som framkommer i uppsatsens bakgrund och problembeskrivning exempelvis att samhällets utmaningar i hög grad sammanfaller med jordbrukets. Aktuell forskning liksom den egna empirin pekar på att pedagogiska, etiska och moraliska utmaning väntar våra samhällen. Slutsatsen blir att moral och etikfrågor kan stärka det teoretiska begreppet hållbar utveckling.
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SOUZA, Flávia Maria Maciel Carneiro de. "Indução do alimento natural através de diferentes regimes de fertilização no cultivo do camarão marinho Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante,1967)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6315.
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Marine shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis is found along the Brazilian northeast coast. It tolerates salinity variations and grows quickly under culture conditions. However, it has a feeding habit predominantly carnivorous, using mainly polichaets as your main feeding source. The present work aimed at to induce the natural food in the experimental culture of F. subtilis through different fertilization strategies. A randomized entirely design with three treatments and three replicates was applied, being one with inorganic fertilizer: Control (CT) - 3 mg/L of urea and 0.3 mg/L of mono ammonium phosphate; and two with organic fertilizers: Wheat bran (FT) - 25 g/m2; Soybean meal (FS) – 18.75 g/m2. Nine 500L fiber glass tanks were used, with a stocking density of 16 shrimps/m2 (≈ 2.0 g), that were fed with a 35% crude protein commercial ration at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hrs. The water and plankton samples were accomplished biweekly, and benthos was monthly. During the culture the water quality maintained it self adequate to shrimp culture. The growth data showed no significant difference (P≤0.05) among the treatments, where it was verified a growth rate of 0.44 g/week and a mean survival of 75%. With relation to the natural food, the phytoplankton (921 cells/mL) was predominated by the diatoms with 86, 49 and 83%, respectively, for thetreatments CT, FT and FS. The phytobenthos was also represented by Bacilariofíceae with 88%, 66% and 78%, respectively, for CT, FT and FS. The zooplankton (9.220 individuals/L) it was represented mainly by rotifers in the treatments CT (45%), FT (38%) and FS (65%). In zoobenthos the predominance was copepods in the treatments CT (97%), FT (91%) and FS (88%). The study showed similarity among the organic and inorganic fertilizers, indicating that the fertilization process was not efficient to supply enough natural food organisms, but it was observed that the three protocols applied were similar in terms of the F. subtilis shrimps growth and maintenance of water quality.
O camarão marinho Farfantepenaeus subtilis é encontrado por toda a costa do Nordeste do Brasil, tolera variações de salinidade e se desenvolve rapidamente sob condições de cultivo. Porém, tem um hábito alimentar predominantemente carnívoro, destacando-se os poliquetas como seu principal item alimentar. O presente trabalho objetivou induzir o alimento natural no cultivo experimental de F. subtilis, através de diferentes estratégias de fertilização. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos, sendo um com fertilizante inorgânico: Controle (CT) - 3 mg/L de uréia e 0,3 mg/L de monoamônio fosfato; e dois com fertilizantes orgânicos: Farelo de Trigo (FT) - 25 g/m2 e Farelo de Soja (FS) – 18,75 g/m2, com três réplicas para cada tratamento. Foram utilizados nove tanques circulares em fibra de vidro, com capacidade de 500 L, os quais foram estocados com 16 camarões/m2 (≈2,0g). A alimentação artificial constou de ração comercial com 35% de proteína bruta e foi ofertada em bandejas, às 8:00, 12:00 e 16:00 h. As coletas de água e de plâncton foram realizadas quinzenalmente, e as coletas de bentos mensalmente.Durante o cultivo a qualidade de água se manteve adequada ao cultivo da espécie. Os dados de crescimento demonstraram não haver diferença estatística (P≤0,05) entre os tratamentos, onde foi constatado um crescimento de 0,44 g/semana e sobrevivência média de 75%. Quanto ao alimento natural, no fitoplâncton a média geral observada foi de 921 cél./mL e predominaram as diatomáceas com 86%, 49% e 83%, respectivamente, nos tratamentos CT, FT e FS. O fitobentos também foi representado pelas bacilariofíceas com 88%, 66% e 78,%, respectivamente, para os tratamentos CT, FT e FS. O zooplâncton teve uma média geral de 9.220 ind./L e esteve representado principalmente por rotíferos 45%, 38% e 65%, respectivamente, para CT, FT e FS. O zoobentos foi representado por copépodos com 97%, 91% e 88,%, respectivamente, para CT, FT e FS. O estudo demonstrou similaridade entre os fertilizantes orgânicos e inorgânicos, sugerindo que a fertilização não foi eficiente quanto à indução do alimento natural. Porém, demonstrou-se que os três protocolos testados foram igualmente eficientes para o crescimento do F. subtilis e para manutenção da qualidade da água.
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Österblom, Henrik. "Complexity and Change in a Simple Food Web : Studies in the Baltic Sea (FAO Area 27.IIId)." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-953.
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An influence at one trophic level can result in dynamic impacts also on other components of a food web. These dynamics are known as trophic cascades, and can be both top-down and bottom-up. After a near-collapse of the Baltic cod Gadus morhua stock in the 1980s, its main prey sprat Sprattus sprattus increased dramatically. The main food of sprat, marine copepods, decreased during the same time period, likely a combined effect of increased predation pressure from sprat and decreasing salinities. This shortage of food for sprat resulted in decreasing quality of sprat as a food source for common guillemots Uria aalge. However, a recent increase in fishing for sprat has again resulted in better feeding conditions for guillemots.
Human impacts on this simple food web can be complex. In the early 20th century, marine mammals were abundant and nutrient levels were low in the Baltic Sea. This thesis illustrate that this situation corresponded to lower fish biomass. A reduction of seals early in the century led to reduced top-down control, which resulted in increasing fish stocks. Later, in the 1950s, the largest inflow of salt water during the century mobilized accumulated phosphorus from the deep sediments, which stimulated nitrogen fixation. Combined with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loads, this led to increased primary production and a rapid change from an oligotrophic to a eutrophicated state. This change can be termed a regime shift, which also stimulated fish production. Subsequent over-fishing of cod likely caused a second regime shift, from a cod- to a clupeid- dominated state, which led to the described effects on the common guillemots.
Several factors affect the life-history of this long-lived seabird. Bycatches in gillnet fisheries is one factor directly affecting guillemot survival, and the proportion of bycatches increased during a period of increasing fishing effort. Surprisingly, avian cholera, a previously undocumented disease in common guillemots, was found at times to cause considerable adult mortality. Common guillemot life-history information can communicate the diversity of factors influencing marine ecosystems – hopefully this can increase our understanding of how complex even "simple" food webs are.
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Azamoum, Yasmina. "Etude du rayonnement X, Kalpha du molybdène issu de l'intéraction laser solide à fort contraste temporel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4056/document.
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Cette thèse expérimentale est consacrée à l’optimisation d’une source de rayons X Kalpha générée par interaction laser femtoseconde à fort contraste temporel avec une cible épaisse en molybdène. Ce travail vise à explorer l’effet du contraste temporel sur l’émission Kalpha sur une gamme d’intensité combinant les deux régimes relativiste et non-relativiste. La première étude est consacrée à l’évolution de l’émission Kalpha en fonction du contraste temporel et de l’intensité. L’étude a révélé différents comportements de l’émission Kalpha suivant la valeur du contraste et d’intensité. L’étude a aussi montré une émission Kalpha indépendante du contraste dans le régime relativiste. Au regard des travaux de la littérature, nous avons proposé une première interprétation des résultats obtenus. Il s’agit d’établir un lien entre l’émission Kalpha et les mécanismes d’absorption de l’énergie laser. Certains mécanismes sont dépendants de l’angle d’incidence. Afin d’appuyer notre interprétation, une deuxième étude du rendement de la source Kalpha en fonction de l’angle d’incidence a été réalisée. Ainsi les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec certaines de nos conclusions. En outre, Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’effet de l’étirement temporel de l’impulsion. Nous avons observé une sensibilité de l’émission suivant le signe du chirp. Enfin, nous avons étudié l’effet du contraste et de l’intensité sur la taille de la source X. Celle-ci est d’autant plus réduite que le contraste est plus fort et devient très proche de la tache focale laser à faible intensité laser. Le rendement de production en photon Kalpha atteint est de 2 × 10^−4, similaire au meilleur rendement reporté à ce jourThis thesis is focused on the optimization of a Kalpha x-ray source induced by high contrast femtosecond laser molybdenum thick target interaction. The objective of this work is to explore the effect of the temporal contrast ratio on Kalpha emission in an intensity range including the non relativistic and relativistic regimes. The first study consists of the measurement of Kalpha emission as a function of contrast ratio and intensity. The study shows different behaviors of the emission depending on the contrast ratio and intensity range. Furthermore, it was found that in the relativistic regime Kalpha production is independant of the contrast ratio. According to published work in litterature, we proposed a first intepretation of the obtained results. In particular, we discuss the absorption mechanism of laser pulse energy for each contrast ratio and intensity condition. Some of the mechanisms are dependant on the angle of incidence of the pulse on target. Thus, to verify the validity of our interpretation, we study the Kalpha effciency as a function of the angle of incidence. Most of the results agree with our first conclusions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of the chirped pulse of the Kalpha emission. It is shown that Kalpha emission is sensitive to the sign of the chirp. Finally, we performed a study on the effect of contrast ratio and intensity on the x-ray source size. It was observed that high contrast ratio decreases strongly the x-ray source size which aproaches the focal spot size at low laser intensity. High Kalpha efficiency is reached 2 × 10^−4 which is similar to the highest effciency reported to date in litterature for a thick molybdenum target
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Mwangi, E. Wairimu. "Correlates of HIV/AIDS Vulnerability: A Multilevel Study of the Impact of Agricultural-Consumption Regimes on Women's Vulnerability in Kenya." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230755397.
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Aguiar, Sandra Maria Rosa de. "IMPACTO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ALIMENTAR NA TOXICIDADE HEMATOLÓGICA E NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES PORTADORAS DE CÂNCER DE MAMA SOB REGIME QUIMIOTERÁPICO ADJUVANTE." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2008. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3411.
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The chemotherapic adjuvant treatment is associated to neutropenia, complications of organic defense, alterations in the nutritional status, and negative impact on quality of life, which compromises the physical, emotional, and social aspects of cancer patients. Not controlled clinical trial, the type before and after, this work is a first attempt to analyze the impact of food supplementation with immunomodulatory nutrients on the hematological profile of patients with breast neoplasia submitted to chemotherapic adjuvant treatment. This research was carried out in HEMOLABOR, an oncology/hematology center in Goiânia, state of Goiás, from November 2007 to January 2008. The dietary supplement was offered before a chemotherapy cycle, using the following formulations: FAC (a combination of fluorouracil, adriblastin, and cyclofosfamide) and CMF (a combination of cyclofosfamide, metotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil). Pre- or postmenopause patients between 18 and 62 years old, presenting Karnofsky index 70 participated in the study. Patients presenting associated neoplasia, chronic transmittable (HIV) or non-transmittable diseases (diabetes, hepatic or renal insufficiency), neurologic or psychiatric problems were excluded. Case inclusion occurred regardless of the number of chemotherapy cycles already performed and according to the appointment scheduling of the institution. The sociodemographic, cultural, and clinic profile of the patients was designed using the WHOQOLbref( WHO) questionnaire, based on the analysis of their medical records and oriented interview. The questions were answered aiming at stratifying the importance of the disease on quality of life according to the patient’s opinion. The food supplement used is described as an enteral formula for oral supplementation, nutritionally complete, adequate for special metabolic situations, enriched with immunomodulatory nutrients (arginine, glutamin, nucleotids, omega-3 fatty acids), which was consumed during the week preceding a new chemotherapy cycle. The hematological profile was designed based on the results of complete blood counts evaluated at three different moments: one cycle before the food supplement intake, one cycle including the offer of the food supplement, and one cycle after the food supplement intake. The difference among these hematological profiles was used as an indicator of food supplementation impact on the patient’s immune status according to the standard of the World Health Organization, in the analysis of hematological toxicity. The results showed recovery of total white blood cells and, specially, of neutrophils after the food supplement intake. An association between the increase or decrease of cellular levels in the complete blood counts and the variables age, Karnofsky index, chemotherapy regime, and quality of life as a whole was not perceived. The data presumably indicate that the gain is lower when the disease staging is more advanced and induces the thought that the positive balance of hematological indicators may represent gain as a function of the nutritional support used.
O tratamento quimioterápico adjuvante está associado à neutropenia com complicações das defesas orgânicas, alterações no estado nutricional e impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, comprometendo os aspectos físico, emocional e social de portadoras de câncer. Ensaio clínico não controlado, do tipo antes e depois, este trabalho é uma primeira aproximação na análise do impacto da suplementação alimentar com nutrientes imunomoduladores sobre o perfil hematológico de pacientes com neoplasia mamária, submetidas à quimioterapia adjuvante. Foi realizado no HEMOLABOR, centro especializado em oncologia e hematologia, em Goiânia, Goiás, no período compreendido entre os meses de novembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. A oferta do suplemento dietético foi feita antes de um ciclo de quimioterapia, nas formulações: FAC (combinação de fluorouracil, adriblastina e ciclofosfamida) e CMF (Combinação de ciclofosfamida, metotrexate e 5-fluorouracil). Participaram do estudo pacientes com idade entre 18 e 62 anos, pré ou pós-menopausadas e com índice de Karnofsky igual ou maior que 70. Foram excluídas aquelas que apresentaram neoplasia associada, afecção crônica transmissível (HIV) ou não transmissível (diabetes, insuficiência hepática ou renal), problemas neurológicos ou pisquiátricos. A inclusão dos casos foi independente do número de ciclos quimioterápicos já realizados e foi feita na medida dos agendamentos da instituição. Desenhou-se o perfil sócio–econômico, cultural e clínico das pacientes, utilizando-se o questionário WHOQOL-bref(OMS), a partir da análise de seus prontuários e de entrevista orientada. As questões foram respondidas de forma a estratificar o peso da doença sobre a qualidade de vida na opinião da própria paciente. O suplemento alimentar utilizado é descrito como fórmula enteral para suplementação oral, nutricionalmente completa, própria para situações metabólicas especiais; enriquecida com nutrientes imunomoduladores (arginina, glutamina, nucleotídeos, ácidos graxos ômega 3). Foi ingerido durante a semana que antecedeu um novo ciclo de quimioterapia. O perfil hematológico foi desenhado a partir dos resultados de hemograma completo avaliado em três momentos: um ciclo prévio à suplementação alimentar; um ciclo que incluiu a oferta do suplemento alimentar e um terceiro ciclo posterior à suplementação. A diferença entre estes perfis hematológicos foi utilizada como indicador do impacto da suplementação alimentar sobre o estado imunológico da paciente, de acordo com a padronização da Organização Mundial de Saúde, na análise da toxicidade hematológica. Os resultados mostraram uma recuperação de leucócitos totais e, em particular, de neutrófilos, após a ingestão do suplemento. Não se pressente associação entre aumento ou redução nos níveis celulares do hemograma e as variáveis idade, índice de Karnosfik, regime de quimioterapia e nem mesmo com a qualidade de vida, quando examinada de forma global. Os dados parecem indicar também que os ganhos são menores quando o estadiamento da doença está mais avançado e induz ao pensamento de que o saldo positivo nos indicadores hematológicos possa representar um ganho em função do suporte nutricional utilizado.
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Melo, Franco-Santos Rita [Verfasser], Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Niehoff, Barbara [Gutachter] Niehoff, and Tom [Gutachter] Moens. "Zooplankton performance in a changing ocean : adaptive capacities to a shifting food regime in the North Sea / Rita Melo Franco-Santos ; Gutachter: Barbara Niehoff, Tom Moens ; Betreuer: Barbara Niehoff." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179349407/34.
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Bassene, Théophile. "Risque d'insécurité alimentaire et crises : Impacts du commerce, du régime alimentaire et de l'amplification sociale du risque." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE052/document.
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Le début du XXI siècle a été marqué par deux épisodes de flambées des prix des produits alimentaires au niveau mondial, respectivement en 2007-08 et 2010-11. Ces hausses de prix ont aggravé le niveau d’insécurité alimentaire dans de nombreux pays en développement et ont engendré des manifestations et troubles sociaux dans certains pays. Déterminer les facteurs qui contribuent à accroitre le risque d’insécurité alimentaire et comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l’éclatement d’une crise alimentaire pourraient permettre d’améliorer l’efficacité des politiques de prévention. Cette thèse contribue à cet objectif. Le chapitre 2 estime les différentes composantes de la variabilité de la disponibilité alimentaire en utilisant les données désagrégées des bilans alimentaires. Nos résultats suggèrent que plus de la moitié de la variabilité de la disponibilité alimentaire d’un pays dépend de chocs propres au pays. Les chocs globaux représentent environ 1% de la variabilité totale.Le chapitre 3 montre que l’impact du commerce international sur la variabilité de la disponibilité alimentaire dépend du portefeuille d’accords commerciaux détenu par le pays. Le chapitre 4 utilise le cadre théorique des paniques bancaires et s’appuie sur des travaux portant sur le risque perçu et sur les biais cognitifs pour modéliser le comportement d’achat alimentaire du consommateur. Nous montrons comment l’amplification sociale du risque peut conduire au stockage de précaution et à une crise alimentaire auto-réalisatrice. Nous mettons aussi en évidence l’utilité sociale d’une information publiqueThe beginning of the 21st century is marked by two episodes of global food price spikes in 2007-08 and 2010-11, respectively. These price increases have worsened the level of food insecurity in many developing countries and have led to social unrest in some countries. Identifying the factors that contribute to increase the risk of food insecurity and understand the mechanisms that underpin the outbreak of a food crisis could help to improve food policy management.This thesis contributes to this objective. Chapter 2 estimates the different components of food supply variability by using disaggregated data of food balance sheets. Our results suggest that more than half of food supply variability is caused by country-specific shocks. Global shocks account for about 1% of the total variability.Chapter 3 shows that the impact of international trade on food supply variability depends on the country's portfolio of trade agreements. Chapter 4 uses the theoretical framework of bank panics and builds on work on perceived risk and cognitive biases to model consumer food purchasing behavior under uncertainty. We show how social amplification of risk can lead to precautionary storage and in fine self-fulfilling food crisis. We also highlight the social utility of reliable public information. Finally, Chapter 5 examines the impact of dietary composition on the probability of occurrence of social unrest in case of soaring world food prices. Our results suggest that the cereal concentration of the diet increases significantly the probability of social unrest
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Neumann, Peter. "United Nations procurement regime : description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil for food programme /." Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien : Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990602338/04.
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Ljungberg, Alice. "Omställning till hållbara livsmedelssystem : Kommersiell stadsodling i Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426761.
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De storskaliga globala livsmedelssystemen står inför ett antal utmaningar inom hållbar utveckling. Livsmedelssystemens nuvarande utformning resulterar i hållbarhetsproblem som förlust av biologisk mångfald och utarmning av jordar, långa livsmedelskedjor och stora avstånd mellan konsument och producent. Klimatförändringarnas effekter och den ökande urbaniseringen bidrar ytterligare till problematiken. Behovet av en omställning till hållbara livsmedelssystem är därför stort och kräver innovativa lösningar såväl som en omfördelning av naturresurser. Ett exempel på en systeminnovation är stadsodling, som uppvisat potential till högre resurseffektivitet såväl som till ökad social hållbarhet i urbana och stadsnära områden. Trots det ökande intresset för stadsodling tycks det finnas en brist på empiriska studier som undersöker stadsodlingens nuvarande status, sammansättning och olika faktorer för utveckling. Syftet med detta examensarbete är således att identifiera faktorer och förutsättningar som påverkar utvecklingen av stadsodling som en del av omställningen mot en hållbarare livsmedelsproduktion, i den specifika kontexten i Stockholm. Studien tillämpade en flexibel, kvalitativ forskningsdesign och inbegriper en systematisk kartläggning och en kvalitativ fallstudie av kommersiell stadsodling i Stockholm. Det empiriska datamaterialet baseras på en litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer och insamling av sekundärdata. En innehållsanalys av det empiriska datamaterialet utfördes med vägledning av ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på omställningsteori ur ett flernivåperspektiv. Studiens resultat visar att kommersiell stadsodling är ett mångfacetterat såväl som växande fenomen, men att många verksamheter befinner sig i en tidig fas. Den form av kommersiell stadsodling som växt fram mest i Stockholm är klimatkontrollerade inomhusodlingar. Nio av 14 identifierade verksamheter är inomhusodlingar, två är etablerade växthus och tre är utomhusodlingar. Kartläggningen indikerar att kommersiell stadsodling i dagsläget bidrar med omkring 0.5-4% av direktkonsumtionen av örter och sallat i Storstockholm. Det finns dock potential för produktion av större volymer och en större mångfald av grödor i de olika stadsodlingssystemen. Studien identifierade ett flertal faktorer och förutsättningar som påverkar möjligheterna till en utveckling av lokal livsmedelsproduktion genom stadsodling. Byråkratiska, regulatoriska, ekonomiska och kulturella faktorer visade sig utgöra hinder för utvecklingen av stadsodling. Detta indikerar att det krävs politiskt stöd i form av främjande ramverk och policy för markanvändning, som möjliggör och underlättar upplåtelse av mark för kommersiell odling. Andra möjliggörande åtgärder kan vara policyverktyg för att i framtiden kunna underlätta offentlig upphandling av lokal mat. Vidare efterfrågas ett större engagemang och ansvar från näringslivet, i form av ökande investeringar i lokal och hållbar mat samt externa samarbeten mellan aktörer. De indikationer som framkom om att konsumenter i högre utsträckning går runt de dominerande alternativen i livsmedelssystemen och efterfrågar kortare värdekedjor identifierades också som en möjliggörande faktor för den fortsatta utvecklingen av stadsodling.The globalised food systems are facing extensive challenges concerning sustainable development and are furthermore characterized by long supply chains with numerous food miles, industrial production and large-scale retailers. Dominant agricultural practices result in deforestation, loss of biodiversity and depletion of soil and natural resources. In addition, external factors such as climate change and urbanisation trends increases the complexity of these sustainability issues. Thus, transitions from the dominant food systems to more sustainable alternatives has been suggested in scientific literature. Transitions towards sustainability requires social and technical innovations as well as fundamental changes in the governance of food and agriculture. In light of this, a range of different urban farming practices have increasingly been considered to tackle some of these issues. Despite the growing interest in urban agriculture, there is a lack of extensive empirical studies exploring the current state of various urban farming practices and their role in the existing food systems. This study aims to explore the role of enabling factors that influence the development of commercial urban farming as part of a food sustainability transition, in the Stockholm area. The methodological approach of the project includes a qualitative case study and a mapping of productive urban food systems in Stockholm. The research design is flexible and the empirical data material builds on literature review, semi-structured interviews and secondary data collection. Content analysis is conducted and guided by the conceptual framework consisting of transition theory and the multi-level perspective framework. The results show that commercial urban farming is a diverse phenomenon gaining momentum in Stockholm. Commercial urban farming in Stockholm mainly consists of controlled environment farming; nine out of 14 establishments are indoor farms, two are well established greenhouses and three are outdoor cultivations. However, commercial urban farming seems to be more characterized by the local aspect and closeness to a dense population, rather than a certain applied technology. The mapping indicates that commercial urban farming in Stockholm is currently meeting 0.5-4 % of the direct consumption of herbs and lettuce in Stockholm, but that the potential production capacity is higher. Furthermore, the study found several enabling factors and barriers that affect the development of local food production through urban farming in Stockholm. Through the lens of the multi-level perspective, the main barriers identified are regulations and politics, economic funding and organizational and cultural structures in the food regime. This indicates that further development of urban farming in Stockholm requires support through frameworks and policy, for example regulations regarding land use, to enable disposal of land and estate for urban agriculture use. Measures to facilitate public procurement of locally produced food could also enable the development of urban farming initiatives. Moreover, interaction and co-operation between various stakeholders is crucial for niche development. Large businesses in the food sector could enable the development of urban farming through investments and partnerships. Finally, consumers could enable the development of urban farming by increasingly choosing the alternative pathways offered by some of the urban farming initiatives.
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Parfitt, Claire. "Genetic enclosures in agriculture: Are farmers becoming propertied workers?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10145.
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This thesis examines the political economy of genetically modified (GM) crops. Its empirical focus is their impact on farmers in Australia. It also considers and compares the experiences of Canada and the United States where GM crops are more prevalent but which have comparable legal, political and agrarian economies to that in Australia. Investigating the question of whether farmers are being proletarianised due to the proliferation of GM crops, the thesis engages with the concept of enclosures and how enclosures are mobilised, through the prevailing corporate food regime, to respond to the various crises and contradictions of capitalism. GM crops are conceptualised here as a genetic enclosure that create market imperatives for farmers to buy seeds, establishing new sources of capital, while also being posited as a response to various social and ecological crises facing contemporary, industrialised agriculture. The thesis finds that a confluence of legal, economic, technological and public policy developments contribute to the concentration of economic and political power in agriculture. This has tangible impacts on the lives of farmers creating a tendency for them to become propertied workers or contractors for major seed companies. Farmers’ labour and the natural world are simultaneously subsumed by circuits of capital accumulation in this process, which forges an increasingly industrialised future for agriculture.
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Tueni, Maya. "Mise au point et validation d'outils pour l'évaluation des consommations alimentaires au Liban : Estimation de la place des plats traditionnels dans l'alimentation et le statut nutritionnel des Libanais." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0035.
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La transition alimentaire touche tous les pays émergents avec un développement des pathologies dégénératives liées à l'alimentation. Notre recherche visait à étudier la typologie alimentaire libanaise actuelle sous l'angle de la question suivante: le Liban a-t-il préservé son alimentation traditionnelle ou a-t-il évolué vers une alimentation occidentale ? Une pré-enquête menée au Liban en 2003, a permis d'identifier que la place des plats traditionnels dans l'alimentation libanaise reste importante de nos jours. Cependant, les outils d'enquêtes nécessaires à caractériser de manière fiable et précise les consommations alimentaires n'étaient pas disponibles. Ceci nous a conduits à développer des outils pour évaluer la part de l'alimentation traditionnelle dans la diète libanaise et à évaluer sa contribution à la couverture des besoins nutritionnels. Nous avons construit et validé un cahier de photographies de portions alimentaires, un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire et une table de composition nutritionnelle correspondant à ces plats. Nous avons ensuite réalisé une enquête sur une sous-population représentative et conclut les points suivants :1- La population libanaise moderne a préservé une place importante à l'alimentation traditionnelle : 57% de la population libanaise consomme plus de 9 plats traditionnels par semaine, soit près de 2 plats par jour.2- Cette alimentation est caractérisée, comme dans la plupart des régions méditerranéennes, par une contribution prépondérante des fruits et légumes (42%), des céréales (34% : pain 14% ; feuilletés 5%) et des légumes secs (7%) dans la ration alimentaire.3- Le régime alimentaire libanais traditionnel est entrain d'être abandonné surtout par les hommes actifs, les étudiants et les personnes célibataires, qui passent la plupart de leur temps hors domicile et sont donc plus susceptibles de consommer une alimentation plus industrielle, indépendamment de l'âge, du niveau d'éducation et de la région de résidence.4- La population libanaise, au travers de la consommation des seuls plats traditionnels dont l'apport calorique dépasse les 75%, a des apports moyens en calories de 2047 kcal/j, des apports énergétiques moyens en glucides de 46%, en protéines de 11% et en lipides de 43% dont 10% d'AGS, 20% d'AGMI et 10% d'AGPI. Elle couvre presque tous ses besoins en vitamines et minéraux.5- La ration alimentaire libanaise présente aujourd'hui une forte tendance à évoluer vers des régimes riches en lipides au détriment des glucides. Ces derniers gardent cependant une place relativement importante dans la ration mais ont changé de nature: autrefois consommés sous forme de céréales complètes, ils le sont aujourd'hui sous forme de céréales raffinées et transformées. En conclusion, le Liban semble être le lieu d'une coexistence entre la tradition et la modernité. Une revalorisation du régime traditionnel encore très présent dans les habitudes alimentaires devrait permettre de ralentir la transition nutritionnelle et améliorer l'état de santé de la populationAll emerging countries are now subjected to a dietary transition accompanied by a development of degenerative pathologies related to human diet. Our research is aimed at investigating the current Lebanese food typology under the following theme: have Lebanon been able to preserve its local traditional diet or have it been affected by the exposure to western diet? A pre-survey administered in Lebanon in 2003, showed that the existence of the traditional dishes in the Lebanese diet remain important till date. However, the absence of reliable and precise tools to conduct surveys aiming to describe food consumptions gave us an incentive to develop such tools. The main purpose of the exercise is to determine the contribution of the traditional Lebanese food to the relative overall intake and to evaluate its contribution in covering the various nutritional needs. For this reason, we developed and validated a photographic atlas of food portions, a food frequency questionnaire and a table of food composition corresponding to the traditional Lebanese dishes. This effort was followed by a survey on a representative sub-population that suggested 5 main findings:1-The modern Lebanese population preserved an important place for the traditional food: 57 % of the Lebanese population consumes more than 9 traditional dishes per week, which means 2 dishes per day.2-This diet is characterized, as in most of the Mediterranean regions, by a dominating contribution of fruits and vegetables (42 %), cereals (34 %: bread 14 %; pastries 5 %) and legumes (7 %) in the daily food ration.3-The traditional Lebanese diet is especially absent from active men, students and the single persons, who spend most of their time out of home and may thus consume industrial food, independently of their age, educational level and the location of their residence.4-The Lebanese population, through the consumption of the only traditional dishes of which the energy intake exceeds the 75 %, has mean energy intake of 2047 kcal/day. The breakdown shows a statistical mean of carbohydrates ranging up to 46 %; 11% of proteins; 43% of lipids; 10 % of SFA, 20 % of MUFA and 10 % of PUFA. The Lebanese population covers almost all their needs in vitamins and minerals.5- The Lebanese daily food ration presents a strong trend today to evolve towards diets rich in lipids on the detriment of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates keep however a place that is relatively important in the ration but with a changed pattern: consumed in the form of wholegrain cereal in the past, they are now replaced by refined and transformed cereal. In conclusion, Lebanon seems to be the place of coexistence between the tradition and the modernity. A valorisation of the still very present traditional diet in the food habits should allow to slow down the nutritional transition and to improve the health of the population