Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régimes pauvres en cholestérol'
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Lailam, Bernard. "Les régimes de l'obésité." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11150.
Full textLhuillier, Valérie. "La surcharge pondérale et ses traitements : conseils à l'officine." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOP004.
Full textDupuy-Esnault, Christine. "Relation entre le cholestérol libre des HDL et des LDL et la secretion biliaire du cholestérol et des sels biliaires : influence de divers régimes hyperlipidiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22066.
Full textBakar, Syawalida. "Hypoprotéinémie expérimentale et phénomènes de reproduction chez le rat." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13503.
Full textNiot, Isabelle. "Régulation de l'oxydation mitochondriale des acides gras dans le foie du rat Zucker obèse ou mince : effets de régimes enrichis en acides gras en n-3 : mise en évidence d'un mécanisme régulateur impliquant le réticulum endoplasmique." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS047.
Full textBernazeau, Caroline. "Maigrir aujourd'hui : application à l'utilisation des produits de régime hypocaloriques vendus en officine." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P080.
Full textZhu, Tengfei. "Rôle des microARNs dans la régulation du métabolisme du cholestérol chez la truite arc-en-ciel alimentée avec des régimes à base de végétaux." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3036/document.
Full textAquaculture has been subjected to a huge development during the last decades. Due to limiting availabilities, fishmeal and fish oil, the traditional ingredients of fish feed, have been widely replaced with vegetable ingredients in order to support the sustainable development of aquaculture. This evolution of aquafeeds has resulted in a reduction of the cholesterol content of the diets. In this context, the major objective of the thesis was to decipher the physiological changes related to cholesterol metabolism occurring in fish fed the plant-based diet. We furthermore analyzed the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, focusing on transcription factors and microRNAs. Additionally, the possibility of utilizing miRNA as potential noninvasive biomarker was also investigated in the thesis. Our studies have shown that utilization of plant-based diet resulted in hypocholesterolemia and modified the expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and efflux as well as that of their corresponding transcriptional factors SREBP-2 and LXRα. We also observed a lower expression of miR-223 in the liver of trout fed the plant-based diet suggesting the involvement of posttranscriptional mechanisms in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis. We then carried out another experiment using a line of rainbow trout selected for better growth performance on plant-based diet. We found that the hepatic expression of miR-33a increased in trout fed the plant-based diet, while the expression of miR-122 and miR-128 was much higher in the selected line regardless of the diet. By analyzing the expression of putative target genes of miR-33a, 122 and 128, we noticed consistent regulations between miR-33a and 128 and their respective putative targets, which were caspase 6 apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase like 2 (casp612) and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4B a (pde4ba). These results highlighted two new molecular pathways affected by the plant-based diet. Through the combination in vivo and in vitro approaches, we demonstrated that the expression of the genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and that of the transcription factor SREBP-2 and the miR-33a increased in trout fed plant-based diet devoid of cholesterol while conversely decreased in rainbow trout primary cell culture of hepatocytes stimulated by 25-hydroxycholesterol. These data indicate that SREBP-2 and miR-33a act synergistically to control cholesterol synthesis. Finally, we successfully detected miR-1, miR-33a, miR-122, miR-128 and miR-223 in trout plasma. We observed similar postprandial changes between plasma levels of miR-128 and miR-223 and their hepatic counterparts. Significant correlations were observed between hepatic and plasma levels of miR-128 and miR-223. Other correlations appeared between miR-122, 128 and 223 and the expression of genes related to synthesis and efflux of cholesterol. Altogether, these results indicate that plasma microRNAs 122, 128 and 223 are potential non-invasive biomarkers of cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout
Fouque, Denis. "Physiopathologie de l'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 en insuffisance rénale chronique humaine : applications thérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T018.
Full textNoble, Marie-Elisabeth. "Effets d'un régime hypoprotéique à base de soja sur la fonction de nutrition et les capacités de conjugaison chez la carpe, Cyprinus carpio." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10051.
Full textBairras, Céline. "Rôle de la vitamine A dans le tissu adipeux en situation de surcharge pondérale d'origine alimentaire : approches expérimentale et humaine." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13107.
Full textLassalle, Marie-Christine. "Effets d'un régime hypocalorique, à court terme, sur les paramètres lipidiques et glucidiques dans l'obésité." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M061.
Full textNormand, Laetitia. "Apport de la TEP-IRM en imagerie fonctionnelle rénale pour l’évaluation des mesures de néphroprotection." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1093/document.
Full textThe increase in the incidence of chronic renal failure worldwide requires improvements in measures to slow its progression to end-stage renal failure. The low-protein diet or the prevention of episodes of ischemia-reperfusion belong to these measures of nephroprotection but their benefit is only incompletely understood. The kidney is one of the most vascularized organs, compared to its weight, the concomitant evaluation of renal perfusion ([15O] H2O), oxidative metabolism ([11C] acetate) and tissue content in oxygen (BOLD-IRM) is fundamental in that these three measures are not linearly correlated. PETMRI, a hybrid device combining the functionalities of PET and MRI, allows a concomitant evaluation of these three parameters in a non-invasive and isolated kidney way which allows to use it in clinical research for the evaluation of the effect of different interventions. Low-protein diets have been shown to slow down the decline in renal function, but the mechanism behind this beneficial effect is not known. We have demonstrated that the AGE (Advanced Glycation End Products) content of a protein load is responsible for the mobilization of the renal functional reserve with an increase in perfusion and oxidative metabolism after a high- AGE high- protein compared to a low- AGE high- protein load. Our results make it possible to question the interest of a low-AGE diet for chronic renal insufficiency beyond a pure protein restriction. The prevention of episodes of ischemia reperfusion is also particularly important in the context of nephroprotection, whereas the revascularization of a stenosis of the renal artery is necessarily accompanied by reperfusion injury. Use of ciclosporin prior to dilation of renal artery stenosis in pre-conditioning reduced renal damage in mice, but this clinical benefit has not been demonstrated in humans. The CICLOSAAR study, which aims to evaluate the benefit of pre-conditioning with ciclosporin before dilation of renal artery stenosis with renal functional parameters (perfusion, oxidative metabolism and tissue oxygen content) is in progress. In a second step and to improve the clinical applicability of these functional imaging techniques, we have shown that acetate, which was previously used as a marker of oxidative metabolism, could also be used as a marker of renal perfusion through the modeling of its uptake by the kidney. In total, PET-MRI is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of renal functional parameters in a non-invasive way in humans. Demonstrating the impact of the AGE content of a protein load on perfusion and renal metabolism should help refine our dietary advice to patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent progression of the disease to end-stage renal failure. The current CicloSAAR study is expected to improve the measures implemented to protect the kidney from reperfusion injury after dilatation of renal artery stenosis. Finally, our results on the strong correlation between acetate and water perfusion data should allow this tracer to be used to obtain perfusion and oxidative metabolism after a single radio tracer injection and reinforce clinical applicability of these techniques
Garbay, Jérome. "Index glycémique et santé : intérêt de son utilisation en prévention et en pathologies chroniques." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0314.
Full textThe glycemic index is a method of measurement clarifying our knowledge of the biological response following the ingestion of glucides. It is based upon the comparison between the rise of glycemia caused by one specific feed tested in relation to a reference feed. Since 1981, several hundred scientific articles have been published on the topic and in spite of its adjunction in food recommendations of several countries, the clinical evidence of the glycemic index remains the subject of debate. This work is a review of the physiological effects of the glycemic index and examine the relevance of these effects in prevention or as a supplement to the treatment of the chronic diseases
Martin, Agnoux Aurore. "Étude du comportement alimentaire et du métabolisme énergétique chez le rat dans un modèle de programmation métabolique." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9ec0e02d-1a14-4861-af38-8aa7c6f1ff07.
Full textAccording to the concept of “metabolic programming”, an adverse perinatal nutritional environment and particularly a modification of the prenatal growth trajectory, could predispose to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. In this context, the present study has investigated in what extend perinatal nutrition permanently alter feeding behaviour and energy metabolism what could contribute to the onset of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This work was experimentally conducted on a rodent model of metabolic programming induced by maternal protein restriction in the perinatal period with the subsequent exposure of the adult offspring to a Western diet, where both targeted methodological approaches (behavioural, functional and biological) and untargeted metabolomic phenotyping were integrated. Our results show that a slow growth in utero permanently alters feeding rhythms, predisposes to fat accretion and alters mitochondrial function. In the offspring where only postnatal growth was slowed, despite an impaired satiety-control, the body composition is maintained and insulin sensitivity increases. Additionally, maternal protein restriction induces a change in the composition of milk, which could explain the early changes in energy metabolism and long-term reprogramming. These new data encourage further experimental and clinical research in order to improve our understanding in mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic diseases
Baillet-Blanco, Laurence. "Étude de la dépense énergétique chez 10 patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques avant et après 3 mois de régime très pauvre en protides." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23040.
Full textDesmarchelier, Charles. "Effets de régimes hyperlipidique et cafeteria sur le développement de l'obésité et ses désordres associés chez la souris." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00601961.
Full textIssa, Carine. "Régime méditerranéen traditionnel et adiposité dans un échantillon rural au Liban, et qualité nutritionnelle des plats composés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20705.
Full textThe traditional Mediterranean (Med) diet has been widely documented for its benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases. Unfortunately, in Lebanon, as in other Med countries, the traditional diet is eroding toward a more westernized diet. This detrimental evolution is accompanied by an increased prevalence of obesity. However, rural areas seem to be experiencing a smoother nutrition transition. In this context, two complimentary studies were performed to document the diet characteristics of a rural sample in Lebanon and the relationship with adiposity. First, we aimed to test the hypothesis that adherence to a traditional Med diet was associated with a lower prevalence of body adiposity in this rural sample. Secondly, we aimed to determine the global nutritional quality of traditional Lebanese dishes as compared to dishes most consumed in France, based on the new concept of nutrient profiling. The findings demonstrated an inverse association between diet quality and adiposity markers (namely, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference) when dietary quality was assessed with a new Composite Med score, including both positive components of the diet (i. E. Whole grain and cereal products, vegetables, fruit) and negative components adapted to our sample (i. E. Refined grain and cereal products, liquid sweets), along with positive key components of the Med diet (i. E. Legumes, olive oil, and fish). Results of the second part of our work showed that the mean of vegetable and unrefined starches contents combined represented more than 50% of total weight in composite dishes from Lebanon (LD) and only 25% in dishes consumed in France (FD). LD were significantly richer in vitamin C than FD and had significantly lower content in saturated fatty acids and sodium than FD. Thus, traditional Lebanese dishes were found to generally have a good nutritional quality with twice as many LD as FD belonging to the most favorable nutrient profile class. The nutrient profile perspective suggested that the rich traditional cuisine heritage of Lebanon has the potential to improve dietary diversity and healthy eating. Moreover, our results support the concept that adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with reduced general and abdominal adiposity. Overall, our work suggests that the reintroduction of traditional dietary habits in Mediterranean countries could slow down the increasing trend toward overweight and obesity, and thus prevent detrimental health consequences in populations of this region
Syeda, Farisa. "Capacité du plasma à promouvoir l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire en période postprandiale chez l'homme normolipidémique sous régimes contrôlés : rôle des acides gras alimentaires, des enzymes de transfert des lipides et des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112339.
Full textDietary lipids are able to affect fasting and postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in a significant way, thereby modifying the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of the present study were firstly to evaluate in normolipidemic healthy men, the qualitative effect of dietary fatty acids on fasting and postprandial lipid parameters, in order to define an optimal range of monounsaturated fat supply and secondly to determine the role of postprandial lipoprotein modifications in the mechanisms involved in the reverse cholesterol transport. Our results showed that in conditions of balanced and stabilized dietary fat supply comprising 11% to 16% monounsaturated, associated with 5-6% polyunsaturated fatty acids ( of total energy intake),plasma lipid parameters
Locatelli, Cathy. "Efficacité d'une éducation diététique sur la qualité et le suivi du régime sans sel en cardiologie." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11076.
Full textLarue, Jean-René. "Effets d'un régime hypoprotidique supplemente en céto-analogues dans le modèle d'insuffisance rénale chronique par réduction nephronique 5/6éme chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23034.
Full textFeurté, Sébastien. "L'aversion gustative résultant d'une carence en acide aminé indispensable chez le rat : analyses comportementales et mécanisme biochimique." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU13.
Full textMetz, Lore. "Implications des transporteurs du lactate dans les altérations du métabolisme lactique dans les états d'insulinorésistance : effets de l'activité physique et de la perte de poids." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T012.
Full textNormand, Laetitia. "Apport de la TEP-IRM en imagerie fonctionnelle rénale pour l’évaluation des mesures de néphroprotection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1093.
Full textThe increase in the incidence of chronic renal failure worldwide requires improvements in measures to slow its progression to end-stage renal failure. The low-protein diet or the prevention of episodes of ischemia-reperfusion belong to these measures of nephroprotection but their benefit is only incompletely understood. The kidney is one of the most vascularized organs, compared to its weight, the concomitant evaluation of renal perfusion ([15O] H2O), oxidative metabolism ([11C] acetate) and tissue content in oxygen (BOLD-IRM) is fundamental in that these three measures are not linearly correlated. PETMRI, a hybrid device combining the functionalities of PET and MRI, allows a concomitant evaluation of these three parameters in a non-invasive and isolated kidney way which allows to use it in clinical research for the evaluation of the effect of different interventions. Low-protein diets have been shown to slow down the decline in renal function, but the mechanism behind this beneficial effect is not known. We have demonstrated that the AGE (Advanced Glycation End Products) content of a protein load is responsible for the mobilization of the renal functional reserve with an increase in perfusion and oxidative metabolism after a high- AGE high- protein compared to a low- AGE high- protein load. Our results make it possible to question the interest of a low-AGE diet for chronic renal insufficiency beyond a pure protein restriction. The prevention of episodes of ischemia reperfusion is also particularly important in the context of nephroprotection, whereas the revascularization of a stenosis of the renal artery is necessarily accompanied by reperfusion injury. Use of ciclosporin prior to dilation of renal artery stenosis in pre-conditioning reduced renal damage in mice, but this clinical benefit has not been demonstrated in humans. The CICLOSAAR study, which aims to evaluate the benefit of pre-conditioning with ciclosporin before dilation of renal artery stenosis with renal functional parameters (perfusion, oxidative metabolism and tissue oxygen content) is in progress. In a second step and to improve the clinical applicability of these functional imaging techniques, we have shown that acetate, which was previously used as a marker of oxidative metabolism, could also be used as a marker of renal perfusion through the modeling of its uptake by the kidney. In total, PET-MRI is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of renal functional parameters in a non-invasive way in humans. Demonstrating the impact of the AGE content of a protein load on perfusion and renal metabolism should help refine our dietary advice to patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent progression of the disease to end-stage renal failure. The current CicloSAAR study is expected to improve the measures implemented to protect the kidney from reperfusion injury after dilatation of renal artery stenosis. Finally, our results on the strong correlation between acetate and water perfusion data should allow this tracer to be used to obtain perfusion and oxidative metabolism after a single radio tracer injection and reinforce clinical applicability of these techniques
Li, Na. "Programmation postnatale du risque cardio-métabolique : effets d'une restriction calorique modérée à l'âge adulte." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS017/document.
Full textPostnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in rodents induces early programming of cardio-metabolic risk. Our aim was to determine if a moderate diet restriction could restore cardio-metabolic alterations induced by PNOF.Immediately after birth, litters of C57BL/6 mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) to induce PNOF. At weaning, all mice received a standard diet ad libitum (AL). At 6 month of age, half of the NL and SL mice were assigned to a moderate 20% calorie restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other mice continued to eat AL (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, cardiac function (echocardiography), body composition (Echo-MRI), cardiac sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (EPR spectroscopy) and insulin signaling were assessed before and/or after one month of CR.Adult SL mice presented overweight, fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After one month of moderate CR, body weight of SLCR was normalized to this of NLAL however their fat mass and leptinemia were not decreased. Glucose metabolism was improved and LVEF was increased In SLCR. After 30 min of global ischemia, hearts isolated from SLCR mice showed better recovery and smaller infarct size than this of others groups. CR increased the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory rate in SLCR mice whereas cardiac ROS production was significantly decreased in SLCR mice. Insulin signaling in heart was affected neither by PNOF nor by CR. Intriguingly, no difference was observed in NLCR mice for most of the parameters investigated.Our results confirmed the programming of early overfeeding on metabolic and cardiac function. A short-term moderate CR in not only normalized body weight in SL mice but also ameliorate the metabolic programming and reverse the cardiac dysfunction induced by PNOF
Porta, Natacha. "Acides gras poly-insaturés, activation des récepteurs nucléaires PPAR-alpha, régime cétogène : effet anticonvulsivant chez le rongeur." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343236.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons administré per-os, pendant 4 semaines un mélange d'AGPI contenant 70% d'oméga-3 et 25% d'oméga-6 à des rats Wistar. Les animaux ayant reçu la complémentation alimentaire par des AGPI présentaient une augmentation du seuil au PTZ comparable à celle obtenue chez les animaux ayant reçu un régime cétogène. Les animaux supplémentés par les AGPI ou ayant reçu le régime cétogène présentaient des variations plasmatiques en AGPI concernant l'acide arachidonique, l'acide alpha linolénique et l'acide eicosapentaenoïque. Aucune modification du statut nutritionnel ou des phospholipides cérébraux membranaires n'était retrouvée. Dans un second temps, nous avons administré pendant 14 jours de la nourriture contenant 0,2% de fénofibrate (agoniste des récepteurs PPAR-alpha) à des rats Wistar. Le traitement par 0,2% de fénofibrate conduisait à augmenter le seuil au PTZ et retarder le début de l'état de mal épileptique dans le modèle lithium-pilocarpine. Ces résultats étaient comparables à ceux obtenus avec le régime cétogène. En revanche le traitement associant le régime cétogène et le fénofibrate ne conduisait pas à moduler le seuil au PTZ chez les animaux.
Ces travaux ont permis de montrer que les AGPI ont des propriétés anticonvulsivantes, comparables à celles du régime cétogène. Ces propriétés anticonvulsivantes ont également été retrouvées suite à l'activation des récepteurs nucléaires PPAR-alpha par le fénofibrate. Les propriétés anticonvulsivantes portées par les AGPI ne sont pas liées à une variation de la composition des membranes cellulaires cérébrales en phospholipides. Les récepteurs nucléaires PPAR-alpha modulent quant à eux de nombreuses voies (métaboliques, inflammatoires, stress oxydant) via des variations d'expression génique et peuvent être activés par les AGPI. L'implication de ces différentes voies dans l'efficacité anticonvulsivante du fénofibrate, reste à explorer. Ces résultats, s'ils sont confirmés par des études complémentaires dans d'autres modèles, laissent penser qu'une simplification du régime cétogène pourrait être envisagée via l'utilisation des AGPI et/ou via l'activation des récepteurs nucléaires PPAR-alpha
Pietrocola, Federico. "Regulation of Autophagy by Acetyl Coenzime A : From the Mechanisms to a Revised Definition of Caloric Restriction Mimetics." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T039/document.
Full textAutophagy is a self-digestion process in which cell degrades its own components in order to maintain homeostasis in basal conditions. In absence of nutrients, autophagy is activated and promotes cell survival by providing energetic substrates to sustain stressful condition. Autophagy and metabolism crosstalk at different levels; a drop in energy-rich metabolites, such as ATP and NADH, is detected by cellular sensors (AMPK and SIRT1 respectively) and leads to autophagy activation. Here, we define a further regulatory level of starvation-induced autophagy. In this work, we show that nutrient deprivation is characterized by a rapid depletion of Acetyl CoA, a major integrator of the nutritional status at the crossroads of fat, sugar, and protein catabolism.Decrease in AcCoA is accompanied by the commensurate reduction in overall protein acetylation levels as well as by autophagy induction. Manipulations designed to increase or reduce cytosolic levels of AcCoA, either targeting mitochondrial synthesis or its transport in the cytoplasm, resulted in the suppression or induction of autophagy both in cultured cells and in mice tissues. Depletion of AcCoA directly impacts on the activity of cellular KATs, which use AcCoA as substrate for acetylating proteins. We showed that a drop in AcCoA specifically reduces the activity of EP300; this KAT was indeed required for the suppression of autophagy by high AcCoA levels, thus behaving as the sensor of cytosolic AcCoA levels. In turn, EP300 controls autophagy by inhibiting key autophagic proteins. Altogether, our results indicate that cytosolic AcCoA functions as a central metabolic regulator of autophagy, thus delineating AcCoA-centered pharmacological strategies that allow for the therapeutic manipulation of autophagy. Indeed, nutrient deprivation and caloric restriction are known to play pro-healthy and longevity promoting effects. Nonetheless, CR-based strategies are hardly suitable in clinical settings. Here, we propose a new biochemical definition of Caloric Restriction Mimetics, compounds that mimic the positive effects of nutrient starvation. In our setting, a CRM is a compound able to reduce protein acetylation through distinct but convergent mechanisms: first, by decreasing AcCoA levels, second by directly inhibiting KATs, third by the activation of protein deacetylases. This results in the execution of a cellular program ultimately leading to CR-related pro-healthy effects, including but not limited to autophagy
Al, Hajj Sally. "Effets des concentrations élevées en chlorure de sodium sur les fonctions immunitaires des cellules dendritiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3309.
Full textRecent evidence showed that in response to elevated sodium dietary intakes, many body tissues retain Na+ ions for long periods to reach concentrations up to 200 mM. Recent studies suggested that the immune system might be the bridge linking high sodium intake to several cardiovascular diseases and cancer progression as well. However, the studies about the effects of sodium on immunity brought about contrasted results. So far the effects of sodium on human dendritic cells (DCs) remain unknown. Considering their central role in the immune response, we tested how sodium chloride-enriched medium influences the immune properties of human DCs. DCs were derived from CD14+ monocytes from healthy donors and then stimulated by LPS, in sodium-enriched medium (from 140 up to 200 mM) and finally analyzed. We found that DCs cultivated in high Na+ concentrations remain viable and maintain the expression of DC markers up to 200 mM. In response to LPS, their maturation, their chemotaxis toward CCL19, their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS were inhibited by high [Na+]. In line with these results, we report that the T-cell allostimulatory capacity of DCs was also inhibited. Finally our data indicate that these effects were mediated through the phosphorylation of SGK-1 (serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase-1) and ERK1/2 kinases.Our results raised the possibility that the effects of sodium on T-cells might be counterbalanced by its ability to downregulate DC activation. Therefore the effects of high sodium diet on the immune response might be more complex than previously thought
Mizehoun, Adissoda Gbedecon Carmelle. "Apport alimentaire de sodium, potassium et iode, relation avec l'état nutritionnel au Bénin." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0134/document.
Full textHigh sodium and low potassium consumptions are associated with increased blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Limiting salt and encouraging more fruits and vegetables are important interventions to reduce these diseases. These interventions need reliable epidemiological data. Interventions should also take into account the availability of adequate iodine in salt to ensure an optimal iodine status for populations. There is no representative data on sodium and potassium intakes and iodine status in Beninese adults. Our studies estimated, using urine samples, the levels of sodium, potassium and iodine intakes, and iodine content in food salts whith reference methods. Results showed an excessive intake of sodium, low potassium, a mild iodine deficiency and inadequate iodination of local salt production. Factors associated with these intakes have been identified. Results also validated the use of spot urine to assay sodium and potassium in epidemiological studies and spectrophotometer (WYD iodine checker) for iodine content in salt. All the results argue for implementation of salt reduction policies and promotion of fruits and vegetables, and a strengthening of the Beninese program against IDD
Laillou, Arnaud. "Vitamins and minerals deficiencies - From epidemiology to food fortification strategy : Vietnam case study." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20041/document.
Full textBackground: Food fortification is an effective strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies. However, there are many critical steps, such as assessing the population's needs, obtaining support from the government and industries, choosing the food vehicle, selecting the right micronutrient(s) and the dosage and finally monitoring. Objective: The overall objective of this thesis is to assess and discuss the challenges of food fortification in Vietnam. Methodology: The following methods were used: a cross-sectional study, a consumption survey, an impact study, a stability study, a cost-implication study, two literature reviews, a validation study, and lessons learned from GAIN funded fortification programs. Results: Micronutrient deficiencies in women and children in Vietnam are still widespread and often overlap. Although there is no consensus on which indicator is best to use to determine zinc status, zinc deficiency prevalence seems to be high. Numerous fortification initiatives have shown that the support from the government and the industry is essential in order to be successful. The Vietnamese government has recognized the need to fight micronutrient deficiencies. Suitable food vehicles for fortification in Vietnam are vegetable oil and rice, as well as fish sauce, soy sauce, wheat flour and possibly flavoring powders and complementary foods. However, there are issues that need to be carefully studied, such as the peroxide level in the oil, the presence of absorption inhibitors in the flour, or the risk of sedimentation in sauces. When adding micronutrients to foods, factors such as costs, quality and safety need to be considered. Finally, fortification needs to be carefully monitored to assure quality and to supervise the effect on the population's health. Conclusion: Before food fortification can be implemented and be effective in Vietnam, a series of challenges will need to be overcome
Marchal, Julia. "Impact d’une restriction calorique modérée ou d’un mimétique potentiel, le resvératrol, sur les marqueurs du vieillissement et sur la longévité chez un primate non-humain." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T021/document.
Full textNowadays moderate and chronic calorie restriction (CR); is the only non-genetic intervention known to slow the onset of age-related diseases and to increase longevity in several animal species. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound belonging to the polyphenols group, has therapeutic properties and is a promising candidate as CR effects mimetic. To assess the impact of such long-term nutritional protocols, a longitudinal study was conducted on a cohort of 53 males grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), a relevant primate model for normal and pathological aging research as regards to its high longevity in captivity, up to 12 years. Since the integration of the animals in the study (3 years old) to the current status of the project (8 years of age), physiological and behavioral parameters were assessed regularly in the cohort divided into three groups: a group submitting to a -30% CR and a group supplemented with RSV (200 mg.kg-1.day-1), compared to a control group (CTL). With age, disturbances appeared in CTL mouse lemurs: decreased insulin sensitivity, accumulation of cellular damage, motor and cognitive decline associated with particular type of memory and a decline of certain predictive biomarkers of aging in this species. CR has improved insulin sensitivity and limited the accumulation of markers of oxidative stress, it has not resulted in improved cognitive abilities but in a decreased anxiety, improved motor performances and an increased spontaneous locomotor activity. CR also induced an adaptive metabolic response with body weight loss without lowering energy expenditure, lower hormone levels of IGF-1 and testosterone, supporting a probable trade-off between reproduction and survival. RSV mimicked some of the beneficial effects demonstrated in CR. However, it has improved the spatial memory task, which was not observed in restricted animals. RSV also showed opposite effects to those of CR, as maintained body weight and hormone levels compared to CTL, an increase in energy expenditure and in testosterone levels during the long day’s season. Finally, the current survival data are promising; less than 50% of the CTL animals survived, while more than 50% of CR and RSV animals are still alive, with in addition a mean age at death about 1 year higher compared with CTL animals. Despite heterogeneous, but yet beneficial effects, CR and RSV were able to slow the appearance of some intrinsic age-related declines and to improve the lemurs’ survival, supporting the hypothesis that these effects may be mediated by different mechanisms achieving the same positive outcomes including enhanced life expectancy. These evidences are a real tool for the future understanding of the mechanisms underlying the aging process but also of cellular regulatory pathways that are involved in long term CR and RSV treatment in a primate
D'Attoma, Joseph. "Conception, synthèses et évaluations biologiques d’inhibiteurs à double cible : ALK et la restriction calorique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10243.
Full textAnaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of cancer belonging to the non-Hodgkin family. The majority of ALCL arises from a translocation t(2;5) (p23;35) which leads to the formation of a fusion protein called NPM-ALK. Nowadays, few molecules are known to inhibit the activity of this chimeric protein. Obesity is a major socio-medical problem, for both direct and indirect effects, overweight is a primary factor in many diseases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular events, cancer, etc... In contrast, caloric restriction (CR) is associated with significant benefits in terms of health. After several screenings, one inhibitor based on a 2-acylaminothiazol scaffold showed anticancer activity on the protein ALK but also the ability to mimic caloric restriction in C. Elegans. The aim of this PhD was to develop the synthesis of new inhibitors including the 2-acylaminothiazol scaffold. The affinity chromatography performed on two of our inhibitors was used to identify potential major cellular targets in the process of caloric restriction and secondary cellular targets for NPM-ALK. Then, the presence of a bromo group on the aromatic ring allowed the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp2), C(sp2)- C(sp) and C(sp2)-N bonds, using palladium-catalyzed couplings. The different chemical methodologies afforded the synthesis of a library of 134 molecules. Some of them especially with a silicon atom demonstrated very good inhibitory activity and high selectivity against NPM-ALK and L1196M-NPM-ALK. Finally, preliminary results were also obtained on the subject of calorie restriction with four compounds showing a reduction of lipids in C. Elegans