Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Région de l''
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Zouya, Mimbang Lucie. "L' Evolution des structures socioéconomiques de l'Est-Cameroun : (1905-1952)." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1067.
Full textThis thesis studies the economic orientation operated by the German and French colonial administrations in East Cameroon as far back as 1905. The region presented a new face beginning from the time she was introduced into the European capitalist system. The exploitation instated in the region was based on compulsory work. This system raised the mortality rate in the region and caused many resistances of the local populations. The country was handed to France by the League of Nations after the First World War and the system of exploitation remained unchanged , even if colonial administrators had very mixed feelings, being divided between the budgetary concerns and the consciousness of the excessive weight exercised by the system on the population. This situation continued until the publication of the code regulating the work in French overseas territories in 1952. The predatory forms of exploitation observed today in the region date from colonial period and have confined the populations in an economy of "improvisation"
Jungers, Solange. "L' architecture des hypermarchés en région parisienne, 1961-2000." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010560.
Full textkadiri, habiba. "Une région explicite sans zéro pour les fonctions L de Dirichlet." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002695.
Full textKadiri, Habiba. "Une région explicite sans zéro pour les fonctions L de Dirichlet." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-279-280.pdf.
Full textBoleti, Athina. "L' exploitation de l'émeri en Égée et en Méditerranée Orientale à l'Âge du bronze." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010601.
Full textKada, Abderrazik. "Contribution à l'étude biosystématique de quelques espèces du genre Astragalus L. (Papilionaceae) du Bassin méditerranéen occidental." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30257.
Full textGubanti, Paul. "Contribution à l'étude de l'efficacité de la coccinelle aphidiphage Coccinella septempunctata L (Col. Coccinellidae) en culture céréalière sous climat méditerranéen." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX3A001.
Full textPaternostro, Roberto. "L' intonation des jeunes en région parisienne : aspects phonétiques et sociolinguistiques, implications didactiques." Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100087.
Full textThis thesis is situated at the crossroads of three fields: sociolinguistics, phonetics and the teaching of French as a foreign language. In view of the fact that phonetic variation is still the poor relation of French foreign language classes, our work examines the role that non-standard language can play in the teaching/learning of French pronunciation as well as the way it can be integrated in teaching activities aiming at raising learners’ awareness of variation and the of phonetic features of everyday language. Indeed, French foreing-language classes favor the learning of standard French as the language by default, relegating ordinary language to learning-by-doing. This approach often produces learners who give the impression of learners whose French often sounds artificial, even though access to vernacular networks is nowadays commonplace and new communicational skills are needed. Analysis of the intonation patterns of young speakers from Paris, who are often singled out as a symptom of social unrest and the source of linguistic drift, has shown that they are in fact an observatory of choice for features of everyday language, favoring the expression of inter-speaker involvement in ordinary interactions. A field study, carried out with learners of French from all over the world, was the opportunity to discuss the relevance of the transcription of oral data taken from real interactions and illustrating ordinary language, within the framework of data driven learning, aiming at initiating learners into phonetic variation in French. “Transcoding” can act like a magnifying glass on language in context, in that it helps learners to focus on pronunciation features used in ordinary French linguistic exchanges, thus allowing them to become aware of phenomena they could not perceive before, thanks to deductive connections between written and spoken language
Coupeau, Damien. "Etude transcriptionnelle et post-transcriptionnelle de la région IR L/TR L du virus de la maladie de Marek." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4012/document.
Full textGallid Herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) is a herpesvirus inducing T-lymphoma in chickens. Its genome encodes 25mature miRNAs splitted in two clusters localized in IRL/TRL and IRS/TRS repeated regions. In this work, wefirst analyzed the functionality of the two strands of mdv1-pre-miR-M4 on two viral targets named UL-28 andUL-32. As one strand of this miRNA was identified as an ortholog of cellular miRNA-155, their effects wereassessed on six cellular targets and on the UL-28 viral target. As a differential expression of miRNAs wasobserved during GaHV-2 infection, we found numerous IRL/TRL transcripts responsible for the intronic orexonic transcription of viral miRNAs. Moreover, we identified a latency promoter controlling at the same timetranscription of all IRL/TRL miRNAs, the oncogenic meq gene and the Meq/v-IL8 transcript
Robles, Christine. "Fonctionnement des cistaies à Cistus albidus L. Et Cistus monspeliensis L. En Provence calcaire et silicieuse à travers la mesure des réactions écophysiologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11034.
Full textDa, Silva Gomes Andréa. "Dynamique du systÈme agraire de la rÉgion cacaoyÈre de l´État de bahia, brÉsil." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004595.
Full textCôté-Roberge, Myriam, and Myriam Côté-Roberge. "Contexte tectonométamorphique du nord-ouest du Complexe de Laguiche, sous-province d'Opinaca, Eeyou Itschee Baie-James." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34575.
Full textLa Sous-province d’Opinaca, située dans le craton du Supérieur, est un important bassin néoarchéen de sédiments métamorphisés. Les modèles tectoniques disponibles pour la formation puis l’évolution de l’Opinaca sont variés, allant du prisme accrétionnel au bassin d’arrière-arc. L’étude tectonométamorphique proposée permet de définir le parcours prograde de la région et ainsi discriminer les modèles probables, chacun impliquant une progression du métamorphisme distincte. Dans le nord-ouest de la Sous-province d’Opinaca, des isogrades tracés à partir de minéraux indicateurs du métamorphisme soulignent une progression du faciès des schistes verts dans le nord-ouest au faciès supérieur des amphibolites au sud-est. L’étude de la chimie minérale des minéraux métamorphiques révèle une homogénéisation généralisée des zonations chimiques. Les relations texturales observées dans le secteur au nord de l’Opinaca et une modélisation de l’équilibre des phases indiquent un chemin P-T-t en sens horaire avec un segment en décompresson de 6 à 4 kbar, à ~ 600 °C. Dans la partie sud du secteur d’étude, le chemin PTt est caractérisé par une décompression isothermique suparsolidus de 9 à 5 kbar, à ~ 800 °C, L’âge de la sédimentation est définie par les populations de zircons détritiques et le recoupement d’intrusifs felsiques entre 2712 Ma et >2690 Ma selon les secteurs. La géochronologie U-Pb sur des monazites indiquent deux pics de métamorphisme, à ~ 2670 et ~ 2645 Ma. La datation des grenats avec le système Lu-Hf indique que la croissance du grenat correspond à la plus jeune génération de monazite, circa 2645 Ma. La première génération de monazite est interprétée comme liée à un événement métamorphique de basse pression n’impliquant pas la croissance de grenat. Ces résultats permettent de proposer pour l’évolution du bassin d’Opinaca un polymétamorphisme dans un environnement géodynamique d’inversion tectonique d’un basin. Après la sédimentation, un premier épisode métamorphisme de haute température affecte le bassin en extension vers 2670 Ma. Vers 2645 Ma, la fermeture du bassin et l’épaississement crustal provoque un deuxième épisode de métamorphisme, de type barrovien, caractérisé par une décompression isothermale possiblement aidée par un certain degré d’extrusion ductile
The Opinaca Subprovince, in the Superior craton, is an important Neoarchean metamorphosed sediments basin. Various models are proposed to explain the formation and evolution of the Opinaca, ranging from accretional prism to back-arc basin. The proposed tectonometamorphic study allows the determination of the prograde evolution of the basin and hence the selection of the most probable regional model, each being characterized by contrasting styles of metamorphic progression. In the north-western Opinaca Subprovince, isograds traced from index minerals highlight a progression from greenschist facies in the north-west to upper amphibolites facies in the south-east. The chemistry of metamorphic minerals shows a global homogenisation of growth zonation. In the northernmost Opinaca Subprovince, textural relations and phase equilibrium modelling indicate a clockwise PTt path with an isothermal decompression segment from 6 to 4 kbar at ~ 600 °C. In the southern part of the study region, the clockwise PTt path is characterized by stronger, suprasolidus isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar at ~ 800 °C. We constrain deposition of the Opinaca greywacke from 2712 to 2690 Ma with the youngest detrital zircon population and crosscutting felsic intrusions. U-Pb monazite geochronology indicates two pulses of metamorphism, at ~2670 and ~ 2645 Ma. Lu-Hf dating of garnet supported by textural analysis and trace element mineral chemistry indicates that garnet growth is coeval with the younger population of monazite, circa 2645 Ma. The first generation of monazite around 2670 Ma is thus interpreted as a low-pressure metamorphic event that did not involve garnet growth. These results point towards a polymetamorphic evolution for the Opinaca Subprovince consistent with the tectonic inversion of a rift-like basin. Clastic sedimentation between 2712 to 2690 Ma in a magmatically active, rift-like basin was followed by regional low-P metamorphism at 2670 Ma. The onset of crustal shortening and thickening in the basin by 2645 Ma resulted in Barrovian-type metamorphism, and involved isothermal decompression that could have been accommodated by some degree of ductile extrusion.
The Opinaca Subprovince, in the Superior craton, is an important Neoarchean metamorphosed sediments basin. Various models are proposed to explain the formation and evolution of the Opinaca, ranging from accretional prism to back-arc basin. The proposed tectonometamorphic study allows the determination of the prograde evolution of the basin and hence the selection of the most probable regional model, each being characterized by contrasting styles of metamorphic progression. In the north-western Opinaca Subprovince, isograds traced from index minerals highlight a progression from greenschist facies in the north-west to upper amphibolites facies in the south-east. The chemistry of metamorphic minerals shows a global homogenisation of growth zonation. In the northernmost Opinaca Subprovince, textural relations and phase equilibrium modelling indicate a clockwise PTt path with an isothermal decompression segment from 6 to 4 kbar at ~ 600 °C. In the southern part of the study region, the clockwise PTt path is characterized by stronger, suprasolidus isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar at ~ 800 °C. We constrain deposition of the Opinaca greywacke from 2712 to 2690 Ma with the youngest detrital zircon population and crosscutting felsic intrusions. U-Pb monazite geochronology indicates two pulses of metamorphism, at ~2670 and ~ 2645 Ma. Lu-Hf dating of garnet supported by textural analysis and trace element mineral chemistry indicates that garnet growth is coeval with the younger population of monazite, circa 2645 Ma. The first generation of monazite around 2670 Ma is thus interpreted as a low-pressure metamorphic event that did not involve garnet growth. These results point towards a polymetamorphic evolution for the Opinaca Subprovince consistent with the tectonic inversion of a rift-like basin. Clastic sedimentation between 2712 to 2690 Ma in a magmatically active, rift-like basin was followed by regional low-P metamorphism at 2670 Ma. The onset of crustal shortening and thickening in the basin by 2645 Ma resulted in Barrovian-type metamorphism, and involved isothermal decompression that could have been accommodated by some degree of ductile extrusion.
Lafabrie, Céline. "Utilisation de Posidonia oceanica (L. ) Delile comme bio-indicateur de la contamination métallique." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT3098.
Full textThe coastal zone of the continental shelf contains a high ecological richness. However, this zone is very fragile towards xenobiotics ; the pollution of this environment can be damaging to the structure of the biocenoses and to the productivity of the ecosystems. Metals, contrarily to numerous contaminants, are normal constituents of the environment at a trace level, but are all toxic above a certain threshold. At the end of the 1970s, several researchers proposed the use of organims to evaluate the quality of the marine environment ; it is in this context that the bio-indicator concep arises. The seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L. ) Delile, endemic of the Mediterranean Sea, has been the subject of several work proposing to use this species to determine the metal concentrations of the environment. However, most studies carried out explorative research in order to qualify this species as bio-indicator. The results of this work validate the use of Posidonia oceanica as a reliable tool for the evaluation of metal contamination of coastal ecosystems. Inded, this work allowed : ( i ) to better understand the trace metals accumulation processes by Posidonia oceanica (influence of age and growth of foliar tissues in the metal accumulation ); (ii) to confirm the high sensitivy of this species as a tracer of metal contamination (identification of metal inputs associated to the previous asbestos mine of Canari and evaluation of the extent of the impact of this previous exploitation) ; (iii) to confirm its reliability as bio-indicator of metal contamination (same trends observed for this species and the bio-indicator Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark,1819). Therefore, Posidonia oceanica appears as an interesting tool in the frame of setting up biomonitoring networks at the scale of the Mediterranean Sea. A technique, which consists in collecting only the blades of the adult leaves is proposed insofar as it will allow to carry out trace metals analyses without inducing the mortality of the plant (protected species in numerous Mediterranean countries) and conserving its integrity. Preliminary scales to interpret the level of metal contamination in the environment have equally been proposed for cadmium, mercury, nickel and lead (priority subtances ; Decision N° 2455/2001/EC ; EC, 2001). Finally, this work shows equally the possible use of Posidonia oceanica as a "tracer" of the past mercurial contamination thanks to the lepidochronology technique
Pelleau, Yvonne. "Biodiversité du chêne vert en région méditerranéenne "Quercus ilex L. - Quercus rotundifolia Lam" : étude de la variabilité morphologique, chimique et écologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30043.
Full textPrat, Pauline. "L' institutionnalisation de l’action de l’État en région parisienne : du plan Prost à la police d’agglomération : quand l’Etat administre, aménage et surveille la région-capitale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0063.
Full textModern States became institutionalized by setting their national boundaries, but also by governing their own territory from within. In France, the capital region gradually became both an object of political intervention and a strategic territory for political and economic reasons. Building on a long time-frame analysis, this thesis explores the mechanisms of state action in the Paris region. Four analytical dimensions are identified. The first one is related to the ideas, knowledge and know-how which shape the capital region as a public issue requiring state intervention. The second dimension is constituted by the different public devices dedicated to the Paris region: urban plans, the “agrément constructeur” and the system of activities’ decentralization. The third dimension relates to the development of formal institution, from the creation of the Paris District in 1959 to the implementation of the regional prefecture in 1966. The constitution of a regional administrative elite is confronted to the fourth and last dimension: the work of the Parisian prefects who represent the territorial state. This dimension grasps the policy making lead by the state apparatus in the Paris region and it embodies the differentiation between the départemental and the regional state. Each of these dimensions has proper temporalities and effects. Within the institutionalization process, the trajectories and the interaction between the actors participating in the elaboration of the “Parisian issue” and in the framing of its solutions, explain both the inertia and the specific moments of agenda setting and change within the state apparatus in the course of the XXth century
Al-Samman, Winkel Noura. "Quelques mécanismes contribuant au comportement pionnier de trois espèces méditerranéennes pérennes : "Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop.", "Euphorbia nicaensis All.", et "Aphyllantes monspeliensis L."." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20263.
Full textIborra, Olivier. "Évaluation de l'habitat d'Oryctolagus cuniculus ( L. , 1758) en région méditerranéenne à fin de gestion faunistique." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30017.
Full textMaillard, Daniel. "Occupation et utilisation de la garrigue et du vignoble méditerranéens par le sanglier (Sus scrofa L. )." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30085.
Full textNgomsik, Kamgang Joseph. "Evolution dans la région de l'Afrique centrale des règles foncières et d'urbanisme : l 'exemple du Cameroun." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e1b837ff-0ef6-4dfd-85bf-8b1c7cf78bc2/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1015.pdf.
Full textThis thesis leads to show that the best knowledge in land evolution, raw material of urbanization, is going throw the study of pre-colonial societies. In fact, this study highlights: The pre-colonial legal system and their inner evolution ;The organization of pre-colonial societies ;Land rules and economic organization. In fact, to know pre-colonial societies means to know the origins of land conflicts which stopped colonial authorities and which stop post-colonial governments to carry out the plentiful land and town-planning texts in operation. Starting from the source we want to demonstrate that colonizer and post-colonial states, by wanting to impose modern rules over wonted ones which they didn’t know the real use of, are responsible for town-planning and land uneasiness which gangrene cities and countryside of the ex-territory from South Africa, Sahara, French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon. Successive economic policies are much stronger than the one which advocated the study of people that we want to dominate. Though, this study was the guarantee of success of planned reforms. Unfortunately post-colonial states follow the way showed by colonial powers
Surdej, Patrick. "L' organisation strucrurale et fonctionnelle de la région 14B-15B du chromosome X de Drosophila melanogaster." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22055.
Full textFoglino, Maryline. "L' aminopeptidase d'Escherichia coli : séquence nucléotidique du gène PEPN et analyse fonctionnelle de sa région régulatrice." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22012.
Full textBorgard, Philippe. "L' alun de l'Occident Romain : production et distribution des amphores romaines de Lipari." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10019.
Full textLopez, y. Royo di Taurisano Cecilia. "Utilisation de Posidonia oceanica (L) Delile comme outil de gestion de la qualité écologique du milieu littoral." Corte, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CORT4007.
Full textThe important ecological and economic characteristics of the coastal environment, associated to the numerous threats to which it is subjected, have highlighted the necessity of an accurate and coherent management of the area. The seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L) Delile, endemic species in the Mediterranean, is an acknowledged ecological indicator, given its widespread distribution and its sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. However in the prospect of using it as management tool for the definition of ecological quality in Mediterranean coastal waters, there is a need to set up and implement a coherent common effort at Mediterranean scale, focusing the present knowledge and the operational management programmes in this direction. The results of this work define and validate the potential of Posidonia oceanica as Mediterranean management tool for an ecological status assessment. This study has allowed to: i) highlight the reasons for which, to date, a coherent mediterranean approach is difficult to achieve, ii) develop and validate the use of Posidonia oceanica as ecological indicator of coastal water quality in the context of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (through the development of a classification system and its intercalibration), iii) propose a framework to design and optimise Posidonia oceanica monitoring programmes (considering reliability, cost-effectiveness and compliance with management requirements). The index to evaluate ecological status and water quality, using Posidonia oceanica has been developed on the basis of the Water Framework Directive requirements, as well as in a perspective of a Mediterranean scale application. Its intercalibration with other indices and its application to different areas of the North-Western Mediterranean, allow to validate its relevance at this scale. Moreover, its simple, non-destructive and cost-effective application requirements make it an interesting tool for a wide array of management and conservation purposes. Finally, the framework for the optimisation of Posidonia oceanica monitoring programmes provides suggestions to facilitate the planning and design of effective programmes, in accordance with policy and management requirements
Langlais, Karine. "Dynamique holocène d'une tourbière à palses de la région du lac à l'Eau-Claire (Nunavik)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26911.
Full textMouchart, Christel. "L' intégration communautaire des pays d'Europe centrale : quels enjeux commerciaux pour les pays tiers méditerranéens." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090074.
Full textMégret, Quentin. "L'argent de l' or : Exploration anthropologique d’un « boom » aurifère dans la région Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20112.
Full textOver the last few years, Burkina Faso has witnessed a dramatic growth of mining activities. From the 90’s on, the state of Burkina Faso has initiated the liberalization of his mining sector. Henceforth, the state grants research permits and authorizations to private operators. Many international mining companies explore their concessions while - at the same time and sometimes the same place - thousands of West African gold seekers set up mining camps all over the country. The present doctoral thesis focusses on the southwest region of Burkina Faso, historically renowned for housing rich gold deposits. First, this study concentrates on the historical and cultural aspects of gold exploitation and trade. Then, it describes and analyzes the moral economy and way of life of the non-industrial gold miners. Finally, the investigations point out the interactions between the gold mining communities and a large range of exogenous actors: local inhabitants, local and central authorities, international and national mining companies. These relationships uncover the relative sociopolitical autonomy of the gold mining communities in relation to the “outside world”. These links extend from the local to the national and international spheres, demonstrating the complexity of understanding such a strategic field
Roca, Pierre-Jean. "Les agrosystémes de la région de Desarmes (vallée de l'Artibonite Haïti) : adaptations et blocages de la société agraire ; traditions et innovations rurales." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR30026.
Full textBailet, François Napoléon. "L' approche juridique du système international d'interdiction du narco-trafic maritime dans la région Caraibe/Atlantique Nord-Ouest." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0049.
Full textGitton, Yangarick. "L' APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) et les règles du droit international économique dans la région Asie-Pacifique : un modèle pour la coopération au XXIe siècle?" Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010283.
Full textTantich, Gomaa. "L'expansion industrielle dans la grande région tripolitaine (J. A. L. P. S. ) depuis la révolution de septembre 1969." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040118.
Full textLamade, Emmanuelle. "Comparaison des cytotypes tétraploïde et pentaploïde de l'espèce Holcus mollis L. En région parisienne : aspects biosystématique et écophysiologique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112407.
Full textThe objectives of the present investigation are to study the effects of changing environmental (experimental) conditions on biomass allocation of the species Holcus mollis L. This species grows throughout Europe and is reported as introduced taxon from many other parts of the world. Many cytotaxonomic studies have shown the existence of five cytotypes (2X, 4X, SX, 6X, 7X) with X = 7 in the complex Holcus mollis L. The diploid and the heptaploid form seems to be very rare, the most common are on the tetraploid and the pentaploid. All ours investigations are on the two last one. Ln litterature, pentaploid represents most probably a backcross of triploid natural hybrid H. X hybridus WEI N ( H. Lanatus (2X') x H. Mollis L. (4X)). Tetraploids and pentaploids are fertile, but reproduce mainly by creeping rhizomes. Tetraploids and pentaploids seem to have different habitats. The tetraploid form inhabites oak acidophilous forests, the pentaploid form is mainly found in old fields, edges and road sides. Populations used in this work have different ecological origins and also different chromosomes number (tetraploid and pentaploid form). This last point presents a remarquable aspect because distinctions thus could be obtained between environment influence and genetic behaviour. From new caryological observation we conclued that pentaploid cornes from hybridization between Holcus mollis non reduced and Holcus lanatus as femelle. From biomass production we conclued that tetraploid populations produce maximal rhizome in stress environment that pentaploid. This last one produces more roots in favorable environment (when water is sufficient), and has stress avoidance reaction
Viqueira, Albán Juan Pedro. "Chronotopologie d'une région rebelle : la construction historique des espaces sociaux dans l'"alcaldía mayor" du Chiapas (1520-1520)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the history of chiapas, mexico, from the spanish conquest to the 1712 great indian rebellion, with emphasis on the transformation in the organisation of space. The organisation of space is analysed from several dimensions (ecological, linguistic, political, administrative, religious, demographic and economic, tributary, mutual help relationships, and insurgent). Separate chapters, one for each one of these dimensions, look at the history of the social organisation of space from a different perspective. The thesis shows how the internal logic of each of these dimensions is disturbed by irreducible historical accidents
Dodet, Marine. "Diversité génétique et phénologie de Cyperus Esculentus L. (Cyperaceae) pour une gestion intégrée de l'espèce dans les cultures de Haute Lande." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS034.
Full textWe studied the development and genetic diversity of Cyperus esculentus, an invasive perennial weed in the crops of Haute Lande, southwestern France, to make propositions for its integrated management. Its colonizing capacity is first linked to the huge subterranean vegetative development (tubers). Secondly, the local crop systems provide all the needs of the species (water, light). The low genetic diversity and the regional pattern of variation of the populations suggest a local vegetative propagation by harvesting engines. Displaying the need for a better prophylaxis. The phenological analyses showed the sensitivity of the species to the competition, especially for light, and to a delayed emergence. The tuber production was very reduced compared with the spring germination in open environment. However, tuberization was never stopped and was sufficient to maintain and even increase the infestation. All the knowledge acquired let us to propose a development indicator so that interventions take place before tuberization and to model the development cycle to evaluate the impacts of the considered technical itineraries
El, Moufhim Abdelaziz. "Identités et langue, le "caméléon" et l'"enclave" : discours de jeunes femmes issues de l'immigration maghrébine de la région rouennaise." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL598.
Full textThis study concerns identity perceptions and speaking languages by young women from North African’s immigration. The study explains how migratory process gets under away and creates a transformation on the family history, and how young received it and they try to reconcile between cultural and social identities. In migrant family identity and language are salients. The population of this investigation says her aspiration for a positive social identity, but clings to her cultural identity, facing up to stigma’s and discrimination’s threat. For neutralize tension who’s created by language contacts and group’s interactions, there young women tried to harmonize between identities and claimed distinct speaking of membership’s and reference languages. In this context origin’s language feels threatened and try to protect herself. The study try to show population’s perception of there realities
Roy-Malo, Olivia. "Le lac de l'Est, un espace négocié : ethnographie d'un processus de création d'aire protégée dans la région de Kamouraska." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28091.
Full textCe mémoire observe le processus de création d'une aire protégée dans le secteur du lac de l'Est situé à Mont-Carmel, une municipalité rurale de la région québécoise du Bas-Saint-Laurent. Le lac de l'Est est aussi sujet à un projet municipal de « gestion multiressource » inspiré du modèle des forêts communales. Dès lors, cette étude de cas permet d'observer l'aire protégée comme un espace négocié au travers d'activités de planification portées par les acteurs impliqués dans ce processus décisionnel. Ces activités sous-tendent des rapports à l'espace et au temps qui éclairent les significations que revêtent ces deux projets. L'analyse avancée dans ce mémoire se penche donc sur la question de la négociation en documentant ce à quoi aspirent les acteurs au travers de l'aire protégée et de la forêt communale. Ces aspirations, décrites comme des projets politiques, se construisent dans des contextes sociohistoriques particuliers et marquent des rapports à l'environnement qui colorent les discussions de la création de l'aire protégée au lac de l'Est. Cette recherche, se campant dans une démarche d'écologie politique, réfléchit au façonnement des environnements par les systèmes institutionnels. Mots-clés : Aire protégée, Conservation environnementale, Planification, Écologie politique, Anthropologie, Politiques environnementales
This thesis analyses the implementation process of a protected area in the sector of Lac de l'Est situated in Mont-Carmel, a rural locality of Quebec's Lower-St Lawrence region. As a negotiated space, Lac de l'Est is also the object of a multiresource management project based on the communal forest model. This case study looks at the protected area as a space negotiated through planning practices conducted by the social actors involved in this decision-making process. Those practices entail space and time conceptualizations that stress the importance and significations of those two projects. This negotiation is scrutinized through the aspirations of the different actors reflected in the project of the protected area and the one of the communal forest. These aspirations, described as political projects, are forged into particular sociohistorical contexts and influence the relationships of those actors with the environment. Those dynamics are of a great importance, as they influence the discussions about the creation of the protected area of the Lac de l'Est. This anthropological research, building from a political ecology perspective, reflects on the articulations of institutional systems with the shaping of our environments. Keywords : Protected area, Environmental conservation, Planning, Political ecology, Anthropology, Environmental politics
Radanielina, Tendro. "Diversité génétique du riz (Oryza sativa L.) dans la région de Vakinankaratra, Madagascar. Structuration, distribution éco-géographique & gestion in situ." Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818536.
Full textLarsen, Güths Marisa. "L' action politique des organisations corporatives du patronat industriel : le cas des Fédérations des Industries de la région sud du Brésil." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010535.
Full textBelkacem, Lila. "L'« enfant perdu » et le « pays d'origine » : construction des origines et expériences migratoires de descendants d'immigrants ouest-africains en région parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0091.
Full textAiming to deconstruct some of the representations of the link to the country of origin of descendants of West African: immigrants in France, this thesis analyzes the social processes involved in the construction of origins, namely, of what the term origin(s) classically refers to: so-called cultures, traditions, values, identities, but also the places and group, being associated with origins. The analysis is grounded in five ethnographic fieldworks conducted in the vicinity of Paris and in Mali with youngsters, members of their families as well as associative and institutional representatives experiences of long-term trips in Mali for "people in difficulty" ; a summer camp for children of Malian immigrants association-based gatherings between youngsters and seniors on the issue of associative involvement ; ethnoclinica consultations in solve family issues considered to be rooted in cultural matters ; conversations on the Internet permeate with the question of the link to origins. In these situations, a reflection about roots is activated, portraying the maintenance of the links to the homeland as conditional to the success and the wellbeing. In order to appreciate the popularity of this thought, this thesis highlights the singular socio-historical context in which descendants of immigrant, undertake the double experience of migration (direct or indirect) and that of minorization (social and ethnoracial) Through the concepts of performance and performativity, it focuses upon the mechanisms and effects of situations shaping the links to the country of origin and draws particular attention to power dynamics rooted in generational ties sex, class and race/ethnicity
Avila, Fernand. "Recherche sur les topoclimats thermiques en relief peu constrasté." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU1004.
Full textArmand, Eric. "Dynamique des populations de Psylla pyri (L. ) (Homoptera-Psyllidae) en verger de poiriers dans la région d'Avignon : étude du cortège de ses parasitoi͏̈des et relations avec l'environnement." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20040.
Full textHasni, Walid. "Change, régimes et euroïsation dans le partenariat euro-méditerranéen : essai sur la Tunisie, le Maroc et la Turquie." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21024.
Full textThabeet, Ali. "Réponse du pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L) aux changements climatiques récents en région méditerranéenne française : spatialisation et quantification par la télédétection et la dendrochronologie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30074.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is a study of the consequences of recent climate change on the health and the growth of Pinus sylvestris by the quantification and spatialisation of their effects. The remote sensing was used to estimate the health status of P. Sylvestris via the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at local and landscape scales. This analysis allowed an assessment of the relative importance of local attributes, e. G. Elevation, aspect and relative moisture index in the population decline observed due to a decrease of water availability as a result of a succession of dry years. Measures of shoot growth and the expression of sexuality of P. Sylvestris showed that the climate from years 2003 to 2005 was unfavourable to both growth and cone (female) production but was promoted the production of flowers (male). Radial growth has decreased at all sites, independent of local conditions. The decrease in radial growth indicates that the growing conditions of this species worsened prior to 2000. An analysis of the relationships between climate and ring widths allowed the identification of the main monthly climatic variables controlling tree-ring widths of this species. Amongst these, precipitation during April and May promotes growth at low altitude and May and June precipitation promotes growth at high altitude sites, together with February temperatures In contrast, June temperatures have a negatively effect on tree growth. The combined effects of a positive influence of precipitation with a negative influence of June temperatures underline the importance of water stress during the summer growth period. Using this information, a predictive model was constructed using response functions, to test the reaction of the P. Sylvestris to increases in the frequency of extremely unfavourable years, such as 2003. This analysis showed that year 2003 was not an isolated exceptional year, but forms a set of years with unfavourable climatic conditions, which began in 2000
Courbaud, Benoît. "Modélisation de l'éclairement et de la croissance de l'épicéa (Picea abies L. Karst) en forêt irrégulière de montagne." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10117.
Full textOcampo, Perez John Albeiro. "Étude de la diversité du genre Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) et de sa distribution en Colombie." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0013.
Full textBonneau, Julien. "Analyse génétique d'une région associée à la tolérance à la sècheresse et aux hautes températures sur le chromosome 3B du blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22330.
Full textDrought and heat can occur during the growth cycle of crops and severely reduce yield. A QTL associated with yield and yield-related component was found in four wheat populations (Triticum aestivum L.) on the long arm of chromosome 3B “qYDH.3BL”. The four populations were grown under various climatic conditions including drought, heat and combinations of both in a number of different areas (Australia and Mexico). Linear mixed models that partition and account for genetic and non-genetic or extraneous variation were used to detect loci in single-environment and/or multi-environment QTL analysis using ASReml-R. The alleles carried by RAC875, Excalibur or Drysdale improved grain yield by between 5% and 12.5%. Two doubled haploid populations (RAC875/Kukri and Excalibur/Kukri) and two recombinant inbred line populations (RAC875/Kukri and Gladius/Drysdale) were used to fine map qYDH.3BL and identify candidate gene(s). A total of thirty-seven molecular markers were mapped on one or both genetic maps of chromosome 3B enabling development of a consensus genetic map of the qYDH.3BL region. The markers were selected based on comparisons with a published “neighbour map” of chromosome 3B or designed using either BAC-end, contig or gene sequences from the chromosome 3B sequencing project; 3BSEQ http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/ (cv. Chinese Spring). A positional cloning approach was used to identify candidate genes for qYDH.3BL. Molecular markers from the targeted region were assigned to physical contigs by screening the chromosome 3B BAC library experimentally using PCR or in silico by sequence comparison. A total of eight physical contigs containing 85 genes, were anchored to the qYDH.3BL region. Public and in-house resources of wheat transcript sequences were used to restrict the gene list to 65 expressed genes. Based on comparison of the 65 gene sequences to gene probes in a drought transcriptomic database, three genes were found to be differentially expressed between RAC875 and Kukri under drought conditions. Short genomic sequence reads (10× coverage) from each of the five parental lines (RAC875, Kukri, Excalibur, Gladius and Drysdale) were mapped against the 65 genes for polymorphism discovery. One gene exhibited sequence polymorphism between the drought tolerant parents (RAC875, Excalibur and Drysdale) and the drought-sensitive parents (Gladius and Kukri). In addition, presence/absence polymorphisms were consistently detected throughout a region containing 12 genes, indicating that the drought tolerant parents may have a deletion (or alien introgression) in this region. Thus, in this work, we confirmed the genetic effect of qYDH.3BL in multiple environments and multiple populations, saturated the target region with new molecular markers and defined a preliminary list of genes located in the qYDH.3BL region and selected candidate genes for further investigations
Hazard, Benoit. "L' aventure des Bisa dans les ghettos de "l'Or rouge" (Burkina Faso-Italie) : trajectoire historique et recomposition des réseaux migratoires burkinabe dans la région des Pouilles." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0296.
Full textThis thesis describes the organization of migratory networks connecting the province of Boulgou (Burkina Faso) to Italy. Regarding the interactions between a local context, "bisaku", and the social group of "the sons of Italy", it questions a "travelling culture" by discussing, alternately, a framework proposed by the transnational studies and the network's analysis. Anchored on a multi-sited ethnography, it brings to light the redeployment of a circular migration within the frame of a transmigration operated from Ivory Coast towards Italy. This process leads to describe a local society through its multiple locations and more precisely through places representing an African Diaspora that the Burkinabé name as "ghetto". Altough Bisa perceives these camps of agricultural labourers as "etnoscape", the Mafia practices observed in the fields of tomatoes of the region of Pouilles, as that of the "caponeri" show that the agency of African do not resist to the orders of the local context
Fournier, Judith. "Estimation de l'évaporation des réservoirs hydroélectriques boréals en contexte de données limitées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67912.
Full textHydroelectric reservoirs around the world are managed using hydrological models to calculate water inflows and outflows. Evaporation on these reservoirs is typically neglected or calculated in the same way as evapotranspiration over the entire watershed, although the processes governing the two phenomena are different. A better quantification of evaporation is of growing interest in Quebec and internationally due to climate change, which is causing an increase in water losses by evaporation on reservoirs. This study therefore examines various evaporation models for open water bodies, taking into account the practical context in which hydrological models are generally operated, that is with low availability of input data. The study focuses mainly on two reservoirs with contrasting morphometries and located in the Canadian boreal zone, Eastmain-1 and Romaine-2. For this purpose, a set of observed evaporation data obtained using a direct measurement technique called eddy covariance, is used as a reference. Of all the approaches considered, the mass transfer model with a constant Dalton number of 1.2 x 10⁻³ gives the most accurate estimation of evaporation at hourly time steps. Daily totals are also estimated with good accuracy both during the warming of the water body in spring and during the energy release period in fall. Sensitivity analysis show that the use of this model with limited data is possible, at least for the two reservoirs studied. These limited data consist of air temperature and relative humidity taken on land in the vicinity of the reservoir, water surface temperature measured in situ, and wind speed at a height of 10 m taken from the bank of the reservoir facing the prevailing winds. The application of the model on Lake Leman, located in a more temperate region, also gives good results.
Lagacherie, Philippe. "Formalisation des lois de distribution des sols pour automatiser la cartographie pédologique à partir d'un secteur pris comme référence : cas de la petite région naturelle Moyenne Vallée de l'Hérault." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20266.
Full textMontembault, David. "Les vallées face à l'appropriation urbaine : des mutations de l'occupation du sol dans les grandes vallées proches d'Angers aux nouveaux paysages." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0058.
Full textConsiderable attention is focusing today on rural landscapes in general and more specifically on wetlands. Angers and its surroundings, which enjoy a particularly good drainage, also provides an outstanding setting for the study of Valley landscapes. Forming the link between the Bassin Parisien to the east and the Massif Armoricain to the west and being the area of confluence between the Loire and its last big tributary (the Maine), the Maine-et-Loire is also a zone of contrasts. Three valleys surround Angers, each one having a distinctive landscape and being seen in a different way. To the southeast, the "Val d'Authion", protected from the Loire by a large Levee and otherwise known as "Grande Vallée d'Anjou", has a rich agricultural heritage. To the west, the Loire empties into a narrower valley, which is still regularly flooded, despite the presence of dykes. This landscape, with Armoricain touches, is more and more abandoned by agriculture. To the north stretches a large flood plain, born from the confluence of the Sarthe, the Loire and the Mayenne, all of which converging to form the Maine. Called the "Basses Vallées Angevines", this landscape is wilder in nature, being bereft of settlements and particularly rich in flora and fauna. A geographical redefinition of the landscape isolates several components; "physical landscape", "perceived landscape" and "functions of the landscape", which, taken separately, allow for a better understanding of the evolution of the system. The three valleys are geographically very close but the different characteristics of each one have been strongly determined by the natural environment. A careful examination of the history of the rural communities reveals that the landscapes are more or less delayed reflections of society and witnessing bygone times. Today's desire to maintain certain valley landscapes coveted by the population of Angers and its surroundings, in its quest for nature or natural heritage, creates the problem of their management. Can the evolution of a landscape be stopped ? Or, on the other hand, is the town not in the process of imposing a new mark on the valleys which surround it ?
Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc. "Approche de l'amélioration génétique de l'adaptation à la sécheresse des espèces cultivées en zones semi-arides : application au cas de l'arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.) destinée à la région sèche du Sénégal." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112305.
Full textAn integrated approach to the genetic improvement of the adaptation to drought of species cultivated in semi-arid zones is proposed. It involves the indentification of bioclimatological, physiological and genetic factors that could be used in designing selection programs appropriate for each particular case of drought and for each species. This approach is used in a case-study involving peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L. ) in the semi-arid zone of Senegal. Two regions with different types of drought were identified on the basis of bioclimatological studies. For each region, the improvement in specific adaptive characteristics is needed, that are determined by a physiological approach. In the Northerm region of Senegal which, for the last eighteen years, has had to face a decrease in the length of the rainy season, a reduction of the growth cycle of varieties in extension is required. One study has shown that the genetic difference responsible for the difference in maturity at harvest between the early variety and the recommended variety is due to a few genes. This allows the use of a back-cross method to create new varieties. Ln the Central region of Senegal which is subjected to periods of drought during the growing season, varieties which exhibit some adaptive physiological charcacteristics are needed. Genetic studies have helped define the ideotype and its polygenic heredity. Heredity and genotype dispersion of good characteristics lead to an improvement program essentially based on a recurrent selection method adapted to autogamous plants