Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional and rural services

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional and rural services'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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Wanmali, Sudhir, and Yassir Islam. "Rural Services, Rural Infrastructure and Regional Development in India." Geographical Journal 161, no. 2 (July 1995): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059972.

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Underhill, Craig, Rebecca Bartel, David Goldstein, Helen Snodgrass, Stephen Begbie, Patsy Yates, Kate White, Kathy Jong, and Paul Grogan. "Mapping oncology services in regional and rural Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 17, no. 6 (December 2009): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01106.x.

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Saleh, Choirul, Syahrul Ibad, Suryadi, and Agus Suryono. "ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SERVICES INNOVATION SMART KAMPUNG BANYUWANGI MODEL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.48.

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This study aims to analyze and describe the Kampung Pintar model from the perspective of public service management carried out by the Banyuwangi Regional Government. Smart Kampung is one of the innovation models of the Banyuwangi Regional Government which was adopted from the Smart City concept referring to the development of urban areas, while the Smart Kampung concept refers to the concept of developing rural areas which aims to develop and empower the community. IT technology-based village government should provide solutions to problems faced by rural areas which include low levels of economy, health, education, poverty, weak legal knowledge, and limited access to technology. This study uses a qualitative method, with an analysis of the smart village model study conducted in the Banyuwangi Regional Government, East Java, Indonesia. The research results demonstrate that the Smart Village model has succeeded in solving many problems that occur in rural areas. This is based on evidence that rural communities were given convenience in online services in every village in managing birth certificates, population, health, and there was a significant increase in the village economy after implementing the creative economy program in the village. This study concludes that the Smart Village model positively and significantly impacted solving problems in rural areas, and producing optimal performance in providing public services to people in rural areas.
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Platt, Violet, Kathleen O'Connor, and Rhonda Coleman. "Improving regional and rural cancer services in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 23, no. 1 (February 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12171.

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Lu, Jun, Jay J. Shen, Gang Chen, Charles B. Moseley, Mei Sun, Fei Gao, Ying Wang, Yuming Mao, and Mo Hao. "Regional Disparities in Prenatal Care Services in Rural China." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, no. 5 (August 18, 2011): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539511418356.

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Wines, Graeme L., Rodney A. Carr, Barry J. Cooper, Colin B. Ferguson, Phil K. Hellier, and Beverley F. Jackling. "Rural and Regional Australian Public Accounting Firm Services: Service Provision, Concerns and Tensions." Australian Accounting Review 23, no. 2 (June 2013): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00185.x.

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Sauble, Tara L., and Robert L. Rhodes. "The Effectiveness of Regional Center Cooperatives and Regional Education Cooperatives in Providing Special Education Services to Rural New Mexico." Rural Special Education Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 1998): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059801700202.

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Rural schools have often encountered difficulty implementing special education programs designed for larger, urban settings. Regional cooperatives have emerged as a solution for many rural schools in order to meet the needs of their special education populations. In this study, the directors of each of the 10 regional cooperatives in New Mexico, along with special education directors of 27 selected rural schools throughout the state, were surveyed regarding their perception of the effectiveness of regionalized services. The results of this study suggest that the regional cooperative approach utilized in New Mexico provides services and personnel that the schools would have difficulty maintaining individually. Although both respondent groups identified many benefits to the current service delivery model, areas of concern were also identified. Results of the study are discussed in light of historical limitations faced by rural special education personnel and programs.
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Harding, Catherine, Alexa Seal, Geraldine Duncan, and Alison Gilmour. "General practitioner and registrar involvement in refugee health: exploring needs and perceptions." Australian Health Review 43, no. 1 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17093.

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Objective Despite the recognition that refugees should have equitable access to healthcare services, this presents considerable challenges, particularly in rural and regional areas. Because general practitioners (GPs) are critical to resettlement for refugees and play a crucial role in understanding their specific health and social issues, it is important to know more about the needs of GPs. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 GPs and GP registrars who trained with a New South Wales regional training provider with the aim of assessing the needs and attitudes of GPs in treating refugees and the perceived effect that refugees have on their practice. Results The interviews, while acknowledging well-recognised issues such as language and culture, also highlighted particular issues for rural and regional areas, such as employment and community support. International medical graduates identified with resettlement problems faced by refugees and are a potential resource for these patients. A need for greater information for GPs regarding services available to help manage refugees in rural and regional areas and greater access to those services was demonstrated. Conclusions Issues such as time, costs, language and culture were recognised as challenges in providing services for refugees. GPs highlighted particular issues for rural and regional areas in addressing refugee health, such as finding jobs, problems with isolation and the effect of lack of anonymity in such communities. These social factors have implications for the health of the refugees, especially psychological health, which is also challenged by poor resources. What is known about the topic? Providing refugees equitable access to healthcare services presents considerable challenges, particularly in rural and regional areas. Time, language and culture are commonly reported barriers in providing services for this population group. What does this paper add? There are particular issues for rural and regional areas in addressing refugee health, including finding jobs, problems with isolation and the effect of lack of anonymity in rural communities. These social factors have implications for the health of refugees, especially psychological health, which is also challenged by a paucity of services. The findings of this study suggest that international medical graduate doctors identified with resettlement problems faced by refugees and may be an important resource for these patients. This study highlights the awareness, empathy and positive attitudes of GPs in regional and rural areas in their approach to treating patients with a refugee background. What are the implications for practitioners? International medical graduates often identify with resettlement problems faced by refugees and are an important resource for these patients. A need for greater information for GPs regarding services available to help manage refugees in rural and regional areas and greater access to those services was demonstrated.
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Savla, Jyoti, Karen A. Roberto, and Rosemary Blieszner. "CAREGIVING AND SERVICE USE: CULTURAL INFLUENCES, REGIONAL BARRIERS, AND FAMILY RELATIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.668.

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Abstract Elder care in rural Appalachia is challenging due to poor socioeconomic conditions, geographical isolation, and lack of services and transportation. Certain aspects of Appalachian culture, namely self-reliance, traditionalism, and strong family ties, also create unique barriers for using services to help care for persons with dementia (PwD). Quantitative and qualitative data from 85 caregivers of PWD with moderate to high care needs were explored to examine caregivers’ use of personal care services, identification with their community, attitudes towards service use, and geographical distance from the nearest service location. Results suggest that although services such as adult day centers, food banks, meal delivery, and support groups are widely dispersed throughout rural Appalachian counties, use or nonuse of services was driven by lack of economic resources, care preferences of the PwD, and dissatisfaction with previous service use. Discussion focuses on suggestions for uptake of services by caregivers of PwD in rural Appalachia.
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WAKANA, Chiho, and Jun-ichi HIROTA. "Reconstruction of regional transportation services in rural area and methodologies." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 24, Special_Issue (2005): S97—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.24.s97.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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Meit, Michael, and Kate E. Beatty. "The Changing Role of Public Health. State Office of Rural Health Regional Partnership Meeting, Region B." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6842.

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Helao, Tuhafeni. "The role of regional councillors in consultation and communication regarding rural service delivery in the Oshana region of Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study examined the role of regional councilors in consultation and communication regarding rural service delivery in Namibia, with specific reference to the Oshana region. The research includes a case study that assessed the degree and the extent to which consultation and communication takes place between regional councilors and community members at constituency level in the region. It also examined the inevitability of consultation and communication concerning basic services provision such as water and electricity in the Oshana region.
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Pereira, Angela Ceni Davoglio. "Novo código florestal brasileiro e as cotas de reserva ambiental sob a ótica da pequena propriedade rural: um estudo de caso." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2277.

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A Lei Federal n. 12.651/2012 dispõe sobre a proteção da vegetação nativa sendo denominada pela doutrina especializada como Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro. Entre as principais alterações encontra-se um novo mecanismo de compensação de Área de Reserva Legal denominado de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. A nova legislação permite que o proprietário rural transforme a área excedente de sua Reserva Legal em Cotas de Reserva Ambiental correspondentes a cada hectare de vegetação nativa. Contudo, a pequena propriedade rural, isto é, aquela que possui até4 (quatro) módulos fiscais, pode instituir as Cotas de Reserva Ambiental sobre todo o tamanho de sua área de reserva legal, não somente sobre o excedente. Ademais, a pequena propriedade está desobrigada a manter o percentual mínimo de área de reserva legal, desde que a área estivesse consolidada em 22 de julho de 2008, sendo proibidos novos desmatamentos. Em virtude de tantas peculiaridades e diante da complexidade das questões que envolvem o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável, para a presente pesquisa, optou-se por um estudo de caso na Comunidade da Linha Damaceno, zona rural do município de Pato Branco, localizada no Bioma Mata Atlântica, de formação vegetal Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana. A Comunidade está inserida na macrozona de manancial agrícola, eis que banhada pelo Rio Pato Branco e seus afluentes (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), e de onde a SANEPAR faz a captação de água que abastece o município. Para compreender como esta comunidade percebe as questões ambientais, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa semiestruturada, contendo um formulário e uma entrevista, além de métodos como a análise dialógica do discurso e da percepção ambiental. Os resultados obtidos fizeram uma correlação entre o desenvolvimento sustentável, o pagamento de serviços ambientais e compensação de área de reserva legal por cotas de reserva ambiental, pelo viés da interdisciplinaridade. Outrossim, em razão dos métodos utilizados, foi feito um resgate histórico quanto ao surgimento da compensação de área de reserva legal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, e sobre a própria formação da Comunidade Linha Damaceno, que demonstrou possuir também grande riqueza histórica para o município de Pato Branco. Quanto ao tema principal da pesquisa, a possibilidade de comercialização de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental pelos pequenos proprietários rurais da Linha Damaceno, chegou-se à conclusão que existem propriedades que atendem a todos os requisitos atualmente formulados pelo Novo Código Florestal, contudo poucos agricultores demonstraram interesse, principalmente devido às limitações que a propriedade passaria a ter após a instituição das Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. Outro fator de destaque foi à percepção ambiental quanto ao favorecimento dos agricultores que desmataram suas áreas de reserva legal e hoje podem se utilizar do mecanismo de compensação sem a necessidade de restituir os percentuais mínimos da Área de Reserva legal.
The Federal Law n. 12.651 / 2012 refers to the native vegetation protection named by the specialized doctrine as New Brazilian Forest Code. Among the main changes in it, there is a new compensation mechanism of Legal Reserve Area called Environmental Reserve Quotas. The new legislation allows the rural landowner to transform the surplus area of his Legal Reserve into Environmental Reserve Quotas corresponding to each hectare of native vegetation. However, small rural property, that is, the one which has up to four (4) fiscal modules, can institute the Environmental Reserve Quotas over the entire size of its legal reserve area, not only over the surplus area. In addition, the small property is free to maintain the minimum percentage of legal reserve area, since the area had been consolidated on July 22, 2008, and new deforestation is prohibited. Because of the many peculiarities and the complexity of issues involving the environment and sustainable development, to the present piece of research a case study was chosen in the Community of the Damaceno Line, a rural area in the municipality of PatoBranco, located in the Atlantic Forest Biome, of plant formation Mixed Ombrophylous Forest Montana. The community is inserted in the macro-area of agricultural stock, bathed by the Pato Branco River and its tributaries (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), and from where SANEPAR collects the water to supply the municipality. To understand how this community perceives environmental issues, a semi-structured research was used, containing a form and an interview, as well as methods such as the dialogical analysis of discourse and environmental perception. The obtained results made a correlation between the sustainable development, the payment of environmental services and compensation of the legal reserve area for quotas of environmental reserve, by means of interdisciplinary orientation. In addition, due to the methods used, a historical rescue was made regarding on the emergence of legal reserve area compensation in the Brazilian legal system, and on the formation of the Linha Damaceno Community, which has also demonstrated great historical wealth for the municipality of PatoBranco. In relation to the main theme of the research, the possibility of commercialization of Environmental Reserve Quotas by the small landowners of the Damaceno Line, it was concluded that there are properties that match all requirements currently formulated by the New Forest Code, however few farmers have shown interest on it, mainly due to the limitations that the property would have after the institution of the Environmental Reserve Quotas. Another important factor was the environmental perception regarding the farmers’ favoring who deforested their legal reserve areas and today can use the compensation mechanism without the need to restore the minimum percentages of the Legal Reserve Area.
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Randall, Mary. "Engagement with voluntary family services : views of parents and practitioners." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2021. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/184068.

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This research aimed to understand engagement with voluntary family services, which has implications for service policy and practice. In regions of high social disadvantage, such as the Inner Gippsland region in the state of Victoria (Australia), engagement with voluntary family services is vital to reduce harm for children. However, barriers to engagement need to be understood from the perspectives of parents and practitioners. While the literature is replete with studies and records on engagement of parents and practitioners with statutory child protective services, there are few studies on engagement for families serviced by voluntary family services, which accept a range of referral sources. To address this gap, this study conducted ten qualitative semi-structured interviews with parents referred to Inner Gippsland family services and seven interviews with practitioners. These were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Interview data were supported by quantitative data drawn from voluntary family service system records on service use across the region for 2016–17 and 2017–18. Mixed methods were employed. This study found that these regional and rural practitioners and parents conceived of engagement as open communication, trust, rapport and understanding. Practitioners also discussed engagement occurring at different levels and involving parents’ willingness to change. However, these aspects were not referred to by parents. Practitioners explained that parents may show full or meaningful engagement and set goals to work towards, or they may engage at a superficial level where they consult but do not value change. This indicates that the notion of ‘engagement’ held by parents is dissonant with that of service providers who focus on the documentation of goals and achievements. Factors influencing engagement included parent perceptions, practitioner disposition, power relations, system design and implementation. Parents expected practitioners to clearly explain services that are tailored to meet needs. Some parents were reluctant to engage fully and trust practitioners due to potential harm and the possibility of removal of their children from their care. Parents wanted support without judgement and for practitioners to provide friendly advice and not be authoritarian. Practitioners balanced assessments of child wellbeing with responding to family needs and emphasised empowering clients and relating to them humanely. Many parents did not feel family services were voluntary as they are connected to and mandated to report serious concerns to Child Protection.1 Most parents were reluctant to ask for help and were negatively disposed towards government Child Protection. Parents who self-referred to family services expressed the most willingness to use a service, while those referred by police did not tend to use a service past initial phone calls. Practitioner-documented service hours in the home, an objective indicator of engagement, were highest for families where an early learning or early childhood intervention agency had referred. These findings were consistent with the interview data showing parental reluctance to engage where there was fear of Child Protection intervention. The practices of prioritising cases of complexity or crisis clashed with policy ideals of prevention and early intervention. More complex issues for families in the region increased the likelihood of service availability and use, yet many families did not complete activities negotiated in service plans or engage to make a plan with practitioners. This study demonstrated that for supportive relationships that promote child and family wellbeing to occur in a regional and rural area, family services need to be trusted. Only then, according to parents, will engagement eventuate.
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Bills, George F. "Untangling Neoliberalism’s Gordian Knot: Cancer Prevention and Control Services for Rural Appalachian Populations." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/12.

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In eastern Kentucky, as in much of central Appalachia, current local storylines narrate the frictions and contradictions involved in the structural transition from a post-WWII Fordist industrial economy and a Keynesian welfare state to a Post-Fordist service economy and Neoliberal hollow state, starving for energy to sustain consumer indulgence (Jessop, 1993; Harvey, 2003; 2005). Neoliberalism is the ideological force redefining the “societal infrastructure of language” that legitimates this transition, in part by redefining the key terms of democracy and citizenship, as well as valorizing the market, the individual, and technocratic innovation (Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999; Harvey, 2005). This project develops a perspective that understands cancer prevention and control in Appalachiaas part of the structural transition that is realigning community social ties in relation to ideological forces deployed as “commonsense” storylines that “lubricate” frictions that complicates the transition.
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Murphy, Angela University of Ballarat. "When urban policy meets regional practice : Evidence based practice from the perspective of multi-disciplinary teams working in rural and remote health service provision." University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12747.

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"In the main, contemporary research on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) has taken place within metropolitan locations, and has offered urbocentric solutions and insights. However the transferability of these developments to rural services is untested empirically. In addition, evidence development and studies on the implementation of this evidence have tended to be discipline-stream-specific; there has been very little research into either the development of multi-disciplinary evidence guidelines or the implementation of EBP from the perspective of individual practitioners working within multi-disciplinary teams. This research shortfall has provided the rationale for this study...."
Doctor of Philosophy
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Murphy, Angela. "When urban policy meets regional practice : Evidence based practice from the perspective of multi-disciplinary teams working in rural and remote health service provision." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/67365.

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"In the main, contemporary research on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) has taken place within metropolitan locations, and has offered urbocentric solutions and insights. However the transferability of these developments to rural services is untested empirically. In addition, evidence development and studies on the implementation of this evidence have tended to be discipline-stream-specific; there has been very little research into either the development of multi-disciplinary evidence guidelines or the implementation of EBP from the perspective of individual practitioners working within multi-disciplinary teams. This research shortfall has provided the rationale for this study...."
Doctor of Philosophy
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Murphy, Angela. "When urban policy meets regional practice : Evidence based practice from the perspective of multi-disciplinary teams working in rural and remote health service provision." University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14586.

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"In the main, contemporary research on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) has taken place within metropolitan locations, and has offered urbocentric solutions and insights. However the transferability of these developments to rural services is untested empirically. In addition, evidence development and studies on the implementation of this evidence have tended to be discipline-stream-specific; there has been very little research into either the development of multi-disciplinary evidence guidelines or the implementation of EBP from the perspective of individual practitioners working within multi-disciplinary teams. This research shortfall has provided the rationale for this study...."
Doctor of Philosophy
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Santos, Sérgio Augusto dos. "O Incra na implantação de políticas públicas no contexto do desenvolvimento territorial rural brasileiro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2497.

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O Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Incra) é uma autarquia federal e tem entre suas principais atribuições implantar a reforma agrária, manter o cadastro de imóveis rurais e administrar as terras públicas da União. Através de políticas específicas, objetiva também realizar o acompanhamento e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico-ambiental das famílias camponesas e o acesso destas populações às políticas públicas implantadas pelo Governo Federal, além de ser o responsável pelo gerenciamento da malha fundiária nacional. O objetivo discute sobre qual é o papel do Incra na implementação destas políticas para o real atendimento das demandas desta população. O objetivo geral deste estudo é o realizar uma análise identificativa da conjuntura social, cultural, política e econômica, condicionando-a a geração de entraves para a real contribuição do Incra na efetivação das políticas públicas que contemplem uma distribuição mais justa de terras e renda, descrevendo a estrutura de governança do órgão e a sua evolução na linha do tempo para atendimento e adequação a estas. Para tanto foi levantada através da fundamentação, bibliografia pertinente à Administração Pública, direta e indireta, organização administrativa, políticas públicas e ferramentas de gestão que podem vir a ser utilizadas na gestão do órgão: planejamento e accountability. Utilizou-se neste estudo a metodologia de Pesquisa-ação pela interação entre o pesquisador e o objeto pesquisado. Como resultados foi levantada toda a estrutura de governança do órgão estudado e sua história e evolução administrativa para a realização de sua missão, além de realizado um diagnóstico dos entraves que impedem um maior desenvolvimento das estratégias de governança fundiária e de planejamento territorial rural. Propondo-se através das reflexões geradas pela pesquisa um roteiro para aprimoramento na gestão do órgão através de planejamento e accountability e a consequente apresentação de resultados através dos principais achados da pesquisa, onde a análise abrange desde a criação do Incra até 2015.
The National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra) is a federal agency and has among its main tasks to implement land reform, maintain the register of rural properties and manage the public lands of the Union. Through specific policy objective also follow up and socioeconomic and environmental development of rural households and their access to populations public policies implemented by the Federal Government, and is responsible for managing the national land network. The purpose discusses what is the role of Incra in implementing these policies for real meet the demands of this population. The aim of this study is to perform a distinctive analysis of the social environment, cultural, political and economic, conditioning the generation of obstacles to the actual contribution of Incra in the execution of public policies that address a more equitable distribution of land and income, describing the agency's governance structure and its progress on the timeline for compliance and adaptation to these. For that was raised through the foundation, bibliography relevant to the Public Administration, direct and indirect, administrative organization, public policy and management tools that may be used in the body of management: planning and accountability. It was used in this study the methodology of action research by the interaction between the researcher and the researched object. As a result was raised all the organ governance structure and studied its history and career development for the realization of its mission, and carried a diagnosis of barriers hindering the further development of land governance strategies and rural territorial planning. It is proposing through the reflections generated by search a script for improvement in organ management through planning and accountability and the subsequent presentation of results through the main findings of the survey, which covers the analysis since the creation of Incra 2015.
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Larkin, Shaun Maurice. "Quality-based benefit design in health insurance : the impact of a product benefit design change on the utilisation of oral health services by members of a private health insurance fund in regional and rural New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26735/1/Shaun_Larkin_Thesis.pdf.

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Objective: To examine the impact on dental utilisation following the introduction of a participating provider scheme (Regional and Rural Oral Health Program {RROHP)). In this model dentists receive higher third party payments from a private health insurance fund for delivering an agreed range of preventive and diagnostic benefits at no out-ofpocket cost to insured patients. Data source/Study setting: Hospitals Contribution Fund of Australia (HCF) dental claims for all members resident in New South Wales over the six financial years from l99811999 to 200312004. Study design: This cohort study involves before and after analyses of dental claims experience over a six year period for approximately 81,000 individuals in the intervention group (HCF members resident in regional and rural New South Wales, Australia) and 267,000 in the control group (HCF members resident in the Sydney area). Only claims for individuals who were members of HCF at 31 December 1997 were included. The analysis groups claims into the three years prior to the establishment of the RROHP and the three years subsequent to implementation. Data collection/Extraction methods: The analysis is based on all claims submitted by users of services for visits between 1 July 1988 and 30 June 2004. In these data approximately 1,000,000 services were provided to the intervention group and approximately 4,900,000 in the control group. Principal findings: Using Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts, special cause variation was identified in total utilisation rate of private dental services in the intervention group post implementation. No such variation was present in the control group. On average in the three years after implementation of the program the utilisation rate of dental services by regional and rural residents of New South Wales who where members of HCF grew by 12.6%, over eight times the growth rate of 1.5% observed in the control group (HCF members who were Sydney residents). The differences were even more pronounced in the areas of service that were the focus of the program: diagnostic and preventive services. Conclusion: The implementation of a benefit design change, a participating provider scheme, that involved the removal of CO-payments on a defined range of preventive and diagnostic dental services combined with the establishment and promotion of a network of dentists, appears to have had a marked impact on HCF members' utilisation of dental services in regional and rural New South Wales, Australia.
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Books on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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Victoria. Parliament. Law Reform Committee. Review of legal services in rural & regional Victoria: Report. Melbourne: Govt. Printer, 2001.

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Rural, regional and remote health: A guide to remoteness classifications. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004.

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Bullock, Sally. A snapshot of men's health in regional and remote Australia. Canberra: Australia Institue of Health and Welfare, 2010.

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Phillips, Andrew. Rural, regional and remote health: A study on mortality. 2nd ed. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007.

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Góngora, Mary I. Vásquez. Remembranzas de una serumista. Arequipa, Peru]: Editorial UNSA, 1998.

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Committee, Western Australia Parliament Legislative Assembly Education and Health Standing. Adequacy and availability of dental services in regional, rural and remote Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Legislative Assembly, 2002.

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Regional Seminar on the Use of Rural Health Services (1986 Manila, Philippines). Use of rural health services: Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on the Use of Rural Health Services, 20-25 January 1986, Manila, Philippines. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1986.

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(Organization), Children in Scotland, ed. All together now: Meeting special educational needs through rural childcare services. [Place of publication not identified]: Children in Scotland, 2000.

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Haque, Chowdhury Emdadul. Impact assessment of rural water systems: An evaluation of regional water services inRhineland and Macdonald. Brandon, Man: Rural Development Institute, 1995.

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Wanmali, Sudhir. Rural infrastructure, the settlement system, and development of the regional economy in southern India. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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Schiefelbusch, Martin. "“Bottom-Up” Mobility Services." In Rural Accessibility in European Regions, 180–200. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003083740-12.

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Allen, Yang Li, and Wenming Zhang. "Rural-Urban Satisfaction Towards China’s Public Goods and Services Provision." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 71–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1232-9_4.

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Shan, Jingjing, Yanan Geng, Jin Fu, and Binglei Yu. "Public Service Provision in China: Towards a More Equal Access System." In The Urban Book Series, 153–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_9.

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AbstractThechallengefacingurban policymakersis how to tackle the long-standing differences in social welfareand basic public services provision for migrant and incumbent workers arising from the dual-household registration system. In this chapter, we quantify inequalities in access to basic public services between migrant workers and the local urban population across different regions of China. We consider both inequalities within urban areas, and inequalities that exist between urban and rural areas. For urban areas, we find large inequalities in access to basic public services between the indigenous urban population and migrant workers. There are also significant differences between urban and rural areas. The level of basic public services in the West of China lags behind other regions. Across China as a whole, the gap within regions is greater than the gap between regions. Internal variations within a region arise mainly from inequality in access to basic public services between urban and rural populations and across urban neighbourhoods. Chinese public services are characterised by ‘dualisation’ in urban–rural provision and ‘fragmentation’ across regions in terms of the level and quality of service. These two features constitute a formidable obstacle for the ‘citizenisation’ of migrant workers. We provide detailed examples from across China of countermeasures and strategies currently being implemented to reduce inequalities in public service provision.
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Matsumoto, Tomoya, and Ggombe Kasim Munyegera. "Mobile Revolution and Rural Development." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 231–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_17.

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AbstractMobile phones have spread rapidly over the last two decades and are now being used even in rural areas of low-income countries, where the poor are concentrated. The number of mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people in the Sub-Saharan Africa region went from 1.7 in 2000 to 82.4 in 2018, meaning that mobile phones have spread to almost all regions and all social classes. The widespread use of mobile phones has made it possible to deliver voice and text information to remote areas at a low cost and has also triggered a variety of services using mobile phones as a platform. Particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, electronic payment services on mobile phones or ‘mobile money’ rapidly spread and changed people’s lives. This significant change involves not only the urban wealthy but also the rural farmers who previously had little access to financial services. This essay summarizes the findings from the authors’ recent research on the impact of the mobile revolution on the lives of rural residents in developing economies.
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Kim, Manyi, Donghwan An, and Jaewon Lim. "Urban-Rural Gap of Healthcare and Cultural Service Accessibility in South Korea." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 91–126. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1232-9_5.

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Mölder, Inga, Michael Kralemann, and Doreen Fragel. "Advisory Services and Public Awareness of Woody Biomass Production: A Regional Example of How to Provide Information and Guide Implementation." In Bioenergy from Dendromass for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, 419–32. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682973.ch31.

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Kinh, Bui Duc, Katsuya Tanaka, and Shunji Matsuoka. "Valuing Rural Piped Water Services in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Case Study at Phuoc Vinh Dong Commune." In Coastal Environments: Focus on Asian Regions, 190–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3002-3_13.

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Marais, Lochner. "Phuthaditjhaba: The Rise and Fall of a Homeland Capital." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 7–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_2.

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AbstractGrand Apartheid in South Africa created ten ‘homelands’, each of which had a capital city. These capitals became places of power and symbolism. The apartheid government allocated large subsidies to support industrial development in these capitals, through the regional industrial development programme. Phuthaditjhaba became the capital of the QwaQwa homeland, with a parliament building, houses for chief ministers, and public spaces and buildings named after leaders. However, with the incorporation of QwaQwa into South Africa after the transition to a democratic government, Phuthaditjhaba lost its capital status. Despite one statue being removed, most of its public places named after homeland leaders remained. Today, Phuthaditjhaba is part of the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality and stands to benefit from funding from the intermediate city support programme. However, poor financial management, political infighting and allegations of corruption are preventing it from accessing these funds. City planners would do better to focus on Phuthaditjhaba’s regional services function and the sustainable development role in the mountainous context and promote rural development.
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Roos, Vera, Anél du Plessis, and Jaco Hoffman. "Municipal Service Delivery to Older Persons: Contextualizing Opportunities for ICT Interventions." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 29–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_2.

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AbstractThis chapter has a threefold aim: (1) to contextualize older persons’ inclusivity at municipal level as outlined in Goal 11 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international, African regional and South African law and policy frameworks; (2) to obtain an assessment of service delivery by local government, and (3) to reflect on gaps in service delivery and offer suggestions. Stratified sampling was used and information obtained through semi-structured interviews, emailed responses and focus groups from representatives (n = 17) on three local government levels, NGO representatives (n = 5), and officials from the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) and the Department of Social Development (n = 26). A sample of older persons (n = 302) from a rural area and two large towns in North West and Gauteng provinces completed questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 14) and focus groups (n = 22). Findings indicated compromised service delivery related to local government officials’ systemic, managerial, and capacity challenges. Municipal services were either non-existent or age-inappropriate. Local government’s unresponsiveness leaves older people at risk—particularly those who lack social networks. We present suggestions to address the disconnect between the intent of laws and policies for inclusivity and municipal service delivery, and the service delivery experiences of older persons.
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Gini, Saverio, and Giorgio Ambrosino. "Innovation, Digital Solutions and MaaS Concept in Touristic Insular and Rural Destinations: The Case of the Shared Mobility Agency in Elba." In Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations, 39–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73715-3_3.

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AbstractThis chapter aims to describe the role of innovation and digital solutions in facing the mobility needs of the rural areas and tourist destinations and, at the same time, to discuss the problems and conditions for their use in the provision of the different mobility and transport services. Innovation in the mobility provision chain is analysed in relation to the relevant service elements (schemes, planning, programming, evaluation and support) in order to clarify that innovation does not automatically mean digital solutions. An overview of the emerging trends in digital solutions is provided, focusing on the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept and mobile applications. For the APP, market-specific considerations are developed on the different roles and typologies, making a classification for understanding current Mobility APP “Jungle”. Moreover, the concept of Shared Use Mobility Agency (SUMA) is presented. SUMA aims to integrate smart mobility services under the concept of MaaS in order to answer to the mobility needs of residents and tourists acting on the demand and providing coordinated collective and ridesharing transport services. SUMA could be considered an “innovative” approach mixing advanced digital architecture and shared mobility schemes with the relevant organization, operation and business elements. Section 5 presents the SUMA implementation in Elba island (Regione Toscana-Italy), within CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project underlying the specifications of the platform and APP. Finally, besides the specific recommendations provided in each section, key recommendations for Mobility Authority and Transport Operators are spotlighted.
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Conference papers on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE, and Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. "SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS: ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.

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The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.
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ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Ilona KIAUŠIENĖ. "THE MODEL OF INTEGRATIVE MANAGEMENT OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.228.

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One of the most difficult problems encountered by social infrastructure development management in various countries of economic development is the search for RSI management interactions at the national, regional and local (municipal, neighborhood) levels. Traditional solutions to RSI development do not create opportunities for the coherence, viability and resilience of rural development. This article describes integrative management of rural social infrastructure (RSI), provides the analysis of RSI management processes and explanation of “triple bottom line”, determination of main principles required in order to achieve sustained development of the region. The main research objective, namely, creation of an integrative rural social infrastructure management model reached. The integrative RSI management conception based on four- tier governance cycle “plan-do-check-act” and internal governance functions. The functions RSI management are determination of consumer demand for RSI services and strategic development goals; planning of RSI services, means and results; organization of RSI services supply; horizontal and vertical coordination of RSI activities; assessment of RSI services consumers’ opinion and community sustainability; supervision and evaluation of RSI activities. The main research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, logical and systematical reasoning, graphic presentation of comparison, abstracts and other methods.
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Nedelcheva, Nataliya. "HEALTH AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.238.

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Maintaining a level of health services and creating conditions for sustainable development is a mandatory societal and ethical imperative, given the multifaceted and multi-layered influence. The thesis of the study is that the quality of health services and the resource potential of the regions can be used as an opportunity to bring the economy of the regions to life and improve the quality of life in them. The aim of the report is to reflect the link between the level of health and the development of the economy of the regions. To this end, the report draws attention to how improving the quality of health services and the high-tech health process can affect the region's economy and use health tourism as a tool for regional economic development and quality of life improvement.
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DREJERSKA, Nina. "http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/conferences/urban_rural/doc/caseconclusions.pdf." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.122.

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Labour market in rural areas is diversified across Poland. Different processes have been influenced it during the last years. The study deals with spatial approach to sectoral structure of employment, including also characteristics for males and females. It was based on the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland refereeing to the numbers of employees in three sectors: (a) agriculture, forestry and fishing like services; (b) industry and construction; (c) services. A new European Union typology of: predominantly rural, intermediate, and predominantly urban regions, based on a variation of the OECD methodology, was applied. Graphical presentation of the sectoral employment structures across NUTS 3 regions was used. Generally in Poland, very similar proportions of rural inhabitants work in agriculture, forestry and fishing like in the sector of services (third sector). In 2013, in predominantly rural regions, 37 % of inhabitants worked in agriculture, forestry and fishing (respectively 38 % of males, 37 % of females), 25 % of inhabitants worked in industry and construction (respectively 36 % of males, 15 % of females), and 37 % of inhabitants worked in services. Industry and construction is a sector important for employment of male rural inhabitants whereas services were typical for female employment. Agriculture, forestry and fishing is a very important sector of employment in the south-eastern part of Poland whereas the second and third sectors are more popular in the north-western part of Poland. Identification of these spatial patterns contributes to spatial characteristics of rural economies across Poland as well as it proves existence of a functional region, exceeding regional administrative boundaries, of high important of agriculture in the economy.
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Doitchinova, Julia. "AGRICULTURE IN RURAL AREAS - CHANGES, IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.12.

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For two programming periods, Bulgarian agriculture has been developing in the conditions of our common and national agricultural policies. Adaptation processes have led to significant economic, social and environmental changes in farms and rural areas. The aim of the article is to assess the changes in the agricultural sector and their impacts on rural development. The analysis of changes in production and organizational structures and the impacts of rural development are assessed on the basis of statistical information and expert assessment of 163 specialists from regional directorates of Agriculture, municipal services and regional services of the National Agricultural Advisory System. The conclusions confirmed the upward development of Bulgarian agriculture, but with significant structural disparities and different in direction and strength impacts by regions of the country.
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RIMKUVIENĖ, Daiva, and Eligijus LAURINAVIČIUS. "DOMESTIC TOURISM TENDENCIES IN LITHUANIA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.102.

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By using a comparison approach, this article examines the current features of domestic tourism in Lithuania. Various aspects of domestic tourism are analysed and discussed. The aim of this study is to identify current trends specific to the Lithuanian domestic tourism sector and propose potential means of development. The methods of statistical analysis, graphic representation and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used in the research. The analysed period was 2004 through 2014. The comparison between outbound tourism and domestic tourism consumption shows, that outbound tourists’ consumption is considerably high compared to domestic tourists’ consumption. However domestic tourism is much less sensitive to crises; it is quite stable and important segment in Lithuanian tourism industry. If to compare tourism consumption, two products show significant upward trend: Sport and other entertainment services since 2010 and Cultural services since 2011. After 2008 year recession domestic tourism sector revives, tourists expenditure reached pre-crisis level, although the increase of same-day visitors’ expenditure is slightly. In the regions of Lithuania same-day tourism opportunities are well-exploited; however, overnight tourism possibilities are not well developed. On the basis of the DEA method it can be concluded that in Telsiai county it is purposeful to improve the activity of museums and travel agents’ work, and in Alytus, Panevezys, Siauliai, Taurage, Telsiai counties it is best to improve the attractiveness/appeal of regional parks.
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OGRYZEK, Marek, and Krzysztof RZĄSA. "THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.153.

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The rural development policy of the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in Poland (APS) is conducted by The Agricultural Property Agency – APA (since 1.09.2017 – The National Centre for Agriculture Support). The property managed by the APA includes agricultural land, forests, farm buildings, residential buildings as well as equipment and devices that are part of the social, technical, production, commercial and service infrastructure. The aim of research was to proof the influence of the gratuitous transfer of land from the APS to local government units, to engage them in social activities. The main methods used for it were: the analyse of legal acts in Poland, the analyse of reports and statistic data from APA and method of cartographic presentation – quantitative, cartogram. This article focuses on the social aspects of the APA’s operations, based on an analysis of the data supplied by the Regional Branch of the Agricultural Property Agency in Olsztyn. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The rural development policy concerning the performance of public purposes in rural areas was analysed. The obtained information and materials were analysed to identify social investments carried out on agricultural land donated to local authorities from Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the APA’s operations in rural area in Poland. Rural areas require various types of social assistance services. The Agricultural Property Agency has successfully fostered social development in rural areas, and it has the required resources and experience to continue that mission.
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Marcinkevičiūtė, Lina, Jolanta Vilkevičiūtė, and Jan Zukovskis. "Legal and managerial solutions of public sector authorities for preserving ecosystem services of the lakes." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.022.

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Although the problem of ecosystem diversity loss is of a global nature, the measures to solve it must be implemented at the national level. As a member of the European Union, Lithuania needs to have a clear position regarding the application of proposed socio-economic measures. The problems of lake ecosystem utilisation analysed in the article are based on the scientific knowledge which complies with the specifics of regional natural environment. The aim of the article is to systematize scientific knowledge about modern lake ecosystem services by explaining the fundamental adaptation patterns of ecosystems and their components. The article provides a complex assessment of the services provided by lake ecosystems, reveals management problems related to optimization of the use of lake ecosystems, presents recommendations on the improvement of legislation related to lake ecosystem services, regulations for protected areas, management plans, etc.
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Rivza, Baiba, Karlis Markus, and Maiga Kruzmetra. "Creativity of the population as a key to regional sustainability and entrepreneurship development." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.038.

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Every capable, creative person must be able to create and prove his ideas in every region of Latvia. Development of creativity of the population will increase human capital, which determines the quality of life of the country's population in general, but mainly in the regions. Promoting the development of human capital requires cooperation between the population and educational institutions, the implementation of which presupposes the digitalization of information exchange, the introduction of information platforms, the sharing of knowledge and the recognition of ideas. By developing the creativity of the population, it is possible to promote the advantages of each region, which in Zemgale would be associated mainly with the development of bioeconomy and eco-products and services. One of the tools to promote creativity would be the creation of regional university business incubators, which would encourage the involvement of creative people in the creation of eco-products and services.
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Auzina-Emsina, Astra, and Velga Ozolina. "Transportation, logistics and regional development in COVID-19 era: modelling sectoral shocks caused by policy and safety measures." In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.021.

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COVID-19 policy and measures have caused both negative and positive challenges for the transport sector. The aim of the research is to model an impact of shocks that transport and logistics encounter during the COVID-19 era on the economy and regional development. A comparative-static approach that involves an input-output model with additional regional modelling block and scenarios are applied. Two scenarios are estimated for Latvia’s economy: firstly, extremely dramatic decline in demand on air transport services by 90%; secondly, unexpected increase in demand for postal and courier services that doubled output. The results of the first scenario argue that the service sector is influenced more than manufacturing due to air transport collapse –rental and leasing services (-11.6%), employment services (-9.7%), other transport services (-7.0%), impact on manufacturing is relatively minor and only on certain branches. The results of the second scenario on doubled output in postal and courier services argue that there is a positive impact, but the scale is relatively low, the most affected industries are manufacturing (of paper products (increase by 1.7%), rubber and plastic goods (1.6%)). The findings confirm that the urban areas due to higher economic activity and larger service sector are more affected to the modelled shocks both negative and positive. The rural areas are relatively less negatively affected during the crisis, but at the same time, during the recovery (for example, in the post-COVID era) it may lead to weaker economic activity and the rural areas will continue to lag behind urban areas.
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Reports on the topic "Regional and rural services"

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Slätmo, Elin, Ágúst Bogason, Elin Cedergren, Diana Huynh, and Hilma Salonen. Service provision and access to services in Nordic rural areas. Nordregio, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:2.1403-2503.

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This report presents results based on in-depth field work in eight case studies of rural areas identified as having high access to services or as good examples in their national and regional context: Lolland, Suðuroy, Kinnula, Avannaata, Múlaþing, Herøy, Vimmerby and Geta. The aim of the field work has been to investigate service provision and validate the results of a research and policy review focusing on Nordic rural areas. The investigations presented in this report focus on the following questions: (1) Which services are considered essential, and how does that vary in rural areas across the Nordics? (2) How are services provided, what roles and responsibilities are involved in their provision? (3) Which challenges are encountered, and what solutions are being developed to solve challenges associated with access to essential services in Nordic rural areas?
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Slätmo, Elin, Ágúst Bogason, Anna Vasilevskaya, and Hilma Salonen. Essential rural services in the Nordic Region – Challenges and opportunities. Nordregio, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2022:1.1403-2503.

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The objective of this knowledge overview of the project “Service provision and access to services in Nordic rural areas – secure, trusted and for all ages” is to analyse how essential service needs for different types of societal groups and ruralities can be understood and defined, and how solutions to rural service provision challenges can be organised.
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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.

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Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
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Penje, Oskar, and Anna Berlina. Recruitment and retention in the welfare sector: Nordic good practice. Nordregio, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:1.2001-3876.

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The Nordic welfare sector is facing significant challenges when it comes to providing effective social care services. While the demand for services for a rapidly growing elderly population is constantly increasing, the workforce delivering social care services is shrinking, with many workers reaching retirement age. Tackling the challenges related to recruitment and retention of qualified staff – and developing innovative approaches to the delivery of social care services – is becoming increasingly urgent, particularly in rural and sparsely populated areas (SPAs). This policy brief gives an overview of examples across the Nordic Region aimed at tackling these resource challenges and exploring innovative ways of organising and delivering social care services in rural areas and SPAs. It is based on a desk study funded by the Nordic Welfare Centre (see more about this on the last page).
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Benneworth, Paul Stephen, Willem-Jan Velderman, and Martin R. Stienstra. Social Entrepreneurship and Shrinking Regions paper thoughts: “What motivates social entrepreneurs to be active in promoting sustainable social services in shrinking rural regions? A case study of Greater Twente. Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2589-9716.2016.04.

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Svynarenko, Radion, Guoping Huang, Theresa L. Profant, and Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of End-of-Life Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in Rural Appalachia: An Analytic Codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/n89xhm.

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Appalachia is one of the most medically underserved areas in the nation. The region has provider shortages and limited healthcare infrastructure. Children and adolescents in this area are in poor health and do not receive the needed quality care. Implementation of section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a terminal illness to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. In addition to being more comprehensive than standard hospice care, this relatively new type of care is more culturally congruent with the end-of-life values of rural Appalachian families, who often view standard hospice as hastening death. The overall goal of this project was to investigate access to pediatric concurrent hospice care in Appalachia. Our central hypothesis was that concurrent care reduces rural/urban disparities in access to hospice care. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) used in this project was used and included 1,788 children who resided in the Appalachian region– from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. Observations with missing birth dates, death dates, and participants older than 21 years were removed from the final sample. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases were created to map the boundaries of the Appalachian region, hospice locations, and driving times to them.
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Isinika, Aida, John Jeckoniah, Ntengua Mdoe, and Kizito Mwajombe. Sunflower Commercialisation in Singida Region: Pathways for Livelihood Improvement. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.026.

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Sunflower commercialisation in Singida Region, Tanzania has been successful. The successes include increased oilseed production, expanding processing capacity and declining rural poverty. Policies and efforts by development agents to promote sunflower commercialisation have increased the number of actors and service providers. Accumulation from sunflower and other enterprises, including livestock, have not only improved livelihoods, but also contributed to household economic diversity. This paper examines the interactions between activities involved in sunflower production and other livelihood strategies. For example, the paper examines local dynamics in policy and business contexts that have shaped livelihood options available and people’s choices of which option they undertake, and the corresponding outcomes, and reasons for such commercialisation trajectories. The study aims to inform local, regional, and national strategies, to pursue more inclusive and sustainable agriculture development, and widen options and pathways for men and women in Mkalama and Iramba districts of Singida Region.
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Mendoza, Irma, and Ricardo Vernon. Promoting reproductive health services in rural communities in Honduras. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1160.

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Crivelli, Pramila, Jeremy Marand, and Gerald Pascua. Liberalizing Services Trade in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf220573-2.

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Mattson, Jeremy. Demand for Intercity Bus Services Innovative Approach to Estimating Demand for Intercity Bus Services in Rural Environment. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2015-13.

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