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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional cooperation/integration'
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1
Hidetaka, Yoshimatsu. "Political Leadership, Informality, and Regional Integration in East Asia: The Evolution of Asean Plus Three." European Journal of East Asian Studies 4, no. 2 (2005): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006105774711477.
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AbstractSince the late 1990s, moves towards regional integration and cooperation have gained momentum in East Asia. The regional countries have expanded and deepened integration initiatives under the ASEAN Plus Three (APT) framework that consists of ASEAN countries, China, Japan and South Korea. What factors have promoted the development of regional integration and economic cooperation in the region? This article addresses this question in terms of collectively shared norms and political leadership. Informality, a representative common norm, played a catalytic role in first nurturing communication for regional cooperation and inducing a reluctant state to join the cooperative framework. Importantly, the development of regional cooperation under the APT framework was accompanied by a shift in emphasis from informal to formal settings. Moreover, leadership shown by China and Japan has played a crucial role in promoting the regional integration initiatives. While China has taken the initiative in propelling regional free trade agreements and economic development and integration in the Indochina countries, Japan has taken the lead in developing financial and monetary architectures and other cooperative mechanisms. Rivalry for political leadership has induced the two countries to provide regional public goods in a positive-sum game manner.
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Malamud, Carlos. "Regional Integration and Cooperation in Latin America." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 7, no. 2 (May 2015): 92–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910115574168.
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Estevadeordal, Antoni, and Kati Suominen. "Sequencing Regional Trade Integration and Cooperation Agreements." World Economy 31, no. 1 (January 18, 2008): 112–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01084.x.
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Estevadeordal, Antoni, and Kati Suominen. "Sequencing regional trade integration and cooperation agreements." Économie internationale 109, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecoi.109.0053.
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CHOW, HWEE KWAN, PETER NICHOLAS KRIZ, ROBERTO S. MARIANO, and AUGUSTINE H. H. TAN. "MONETARY POLICY COOPERATION TO SUPPORT ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 01 (March 2010): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003626.
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This paper considers the form of monetary policy coordination and regional exchange rate arrangement that would best support economic and financial integration in East Asia. In view of the region's economic diversity, we propose a graduated program of informal policy cooperation from weak forms of cooperation to more intensive modes of cooperation such as the adoption of common monetary policy objectives. An array of informal monetary arrangements rooted to the degree of institutional development can improve the effectiveness of both sovereign and regional institutions, and promote integration in East Asia. Drawing upon the European experience with the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), we conclude that East Asia should first embark on other forms of integration to aid in the development of a high degree of real and nominal convergence amongst the regional countries. Only then would an ERM-type system that employs a regional monetary unit become more sustainable and less susceptible to speculative currency attacks in the region.
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Park, Yung Chul. "Whither Financial and Monetary Integration in East Asia?" Asian Economic Papers 6, no. 3 (October 2007): 95–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2007.6.3.95.
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The 1997 Asian financial crisis has helped to further regional financial and monetary cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine these efforts, their recent developments, and to predict the prospects of such cooperation. In order to deepen financial and monetary integration, the region must overcome several difficulties. The region's appetite for financial market liberalization has been dampened by the crisis and countries are building up foreign exchange reserves instead of reforming domestic financial markets. The diverse structures and development levels of the financial sector among the members is another obstacle. The fact that Japan does not have strong incentives for monetary integration and that the business cycle of member countries is not synchronized are obstacles to monetary integration. Also, the proliferation of FTAs has turned attention away from regional cooperation. Finally regional cooperation needs a leader that can bring impetus to institution building. As the two possible candidates, China and Japan, have been competitors rather than collaborators, the most realistic scenario for regional cooperation is that the ASEAN + 3 countries will muddle through and that the process will be painstakingly slow.
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NICOLAS, FRANÇOISE. "DE FACTO AND DE JURE REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN EAST ASIA: HOW DO THEY INTERACT." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 01 (March 2010): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003584.
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A salient feature of the East Asian region is the persistent discrepancy between the progress in de facto and de jure economic integration. East Asia has long been said to be the champion of loose regional economic integration, with deepening intra-regional trade and investment linkages in the absence of any formal cooperative scheme. However, an oft-heard claim is that East Asia has been shifting recently towards an institution-based form of regional economic cooperation, primarily as a result of the 1997–98 financial crisis. Next to post-crisis financial cooperative schemes under the ASEAN+3, the surge of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) involving East Asian countries is thought by some to further substantiate this claim. The objective of the paper is twofold; first, to assess the validity of the aforementioned claim; and second, to examine the links between de facto and de jure economic integration in East Asia compared to other regions of the world. In the process, the sequencing between trade and monetary cooperation is also addressed. The paper starts by providing a candid assessment of the current state of play of economic cooperation in East Asia (de jure integration), both from the trade and the financial/monetary perspective, and highlights the limitations of the formal regional integration movement in East Asia to date. As a next step, it explores the changing nature of intra-regional trade and investment linkages, contrasts it to the situation in other parts of the world such as Europe and examines to what extent this new form of interdependence may be instrumental in making formal regional economic schemes more attractive. A major conclusion is that de facto trade integration may not automatically lead to deeper regional trade cooperation de jure and that its impact is likely to be stronger on monetary cooperation projects.
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Rimmer, P. J. "Regional economic integration in Pacific Asia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 11 (November 1994): 1731–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x9402601104.
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The emergence of a new infrastructural arena in Europe has prompted searches for similar ‘macroeconomic corridors’ in the United States and Japan. Although they can easily be discovered in the United States, confining attention to Japan omits new regional forms brought about by economic integration in Pacific Asia. After examining the driving forces behind regional economic integration—rival firms, rival states, and supranational organisations—interest is focused on the ‘Japan Corridor’ and emerging zones of economic cooperation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea as the building blocks of an East Asian development corridor. The rudiments of a Southeast Asian corridor are also examined by centring attention on the ‘Growth Triangle’ (Singapore-Johor-Riau), the ‘Northern Triangle’ (northern Malaysia-southern Thailand-northern Sumatra), and other manifestations of regional economic cooperation. More speculative discussion considers how a Pacific Asian corridor could emerge from further zones of economic cooperation in both Indochina and the Japan Sea. Its pivot could be the Hong Kong-Shanghai-Taipei triangle—a reflection of the likely emergence of a greater Chinese economic grouping.
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HABA, Kumiko. "THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGIONAL COOPERATION AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Japanese Slavic and East European Studies 13 (1992): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5823/jsees.13.0_65.
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Verbiest, Jean-Pierre A. "Regional Cooperation and Integration in the Mekong Region." Asian Economic Policy Review 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12015.
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Heine, Jorge. "Regional Integration and Political Cooperation in Latin America." Latin American Research Review 47, no. 3 (2012): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2012.0045.
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Bhowmik, Debesh. "Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Regional Integration in Asia." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 5, no. 1 (2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.5(1).61-79.2021.
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In Asia, SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation), ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) and GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) are being considered as an active regional trading blocs although East Asian integration is on primary cooperation stage and BIMSTEC is treated as organised sub-regional trading bloc. The GCC has completed all criterion of economic integration except introduction of a single currency and ASEAN is advancing its optimum stage of monetary integration but the advancement of SAARC is halted by the shock of non-cooperation from Pakistan. Therefore, contribution of GCC in integrating Asian bloc is to scrutinise in a new outlook. In this paper, the author endeavours to show the impact of economic integration of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) on the Asian economic integration in the sense that the process of integration of GCC with SAARC and ASEAN can accelerate the criterion of Asian integration process. Therefore, the author used cointegration and vector error correction model among the indicators of trade integration of exports such as Asian export share, intra export share of GCC, export concentration index of GCC, ASEAN’s export with GCC and SAARC’s export with GCC during 1995-2019. Similarly, the author applied same methodology among the trade indicator of imports such as Asian import share, intra import share of GCC, import concentration index of GCC, ASEAN’s import with GCC and SAARC’s import with GCC during the specified period. The findings revealed that Asian export share has long run significant causalities with SAARC and ASEAN export shares to GCC. Intra export share of GCC has long run causalities with SAARC and ASEAN export shares to GCC. The export concentration index of GCC has significant long run causalities with SAARC and ASEAN export shares to GCC respectively. Even, the short run causalities from export concentration index of GCC to intra export share of GCC, export share of ASEAN and SAARC with GCC and the short run causality from ASEAN export share with GCC to export share of Asia and from intra export share of GCC to export share of ASEAN with GCC were strictly observed. Again, the import share of Asia has long run causalities with the import shares of ASEAN and SAARC with GCC. The intra import share of GCC has long run causalities with the import shares of ASEAN and SAARC with GCC and the import concentration index of GCC has long run causalities with the import shares of ASEAN and SAARC with GCC respectively. The intra import share of GCC has short run causalities with import share of Asia, import concentration index of GCC and import share of ASEAN with GCC respectively. The import concentration index has short run causality with the import share of Asia. The import share of SAARC with GCC has short run causality with import share of ASEAN with GCC. The cointegration and vector error correction among Asian GDP, sum of intra export and import shares of GCC, sum of export and import shares of ASEAN with GCC, and sum of export and import shares of SAARC with GCC during 1995-2019 indicated that the GDP of Asia has long run causalities with the sum of intra export and import shares of GCC, the sum of export and import shares of ASEAN with GCC and the sum of export and import shares of SAARC with GCC and even they have short run causalities also. All these observations can justify that GCC has great impact on Asian economic integration process associated with SAARC and ASEAN.
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Fedorovskii, A. "APEC Evolution and Prospects of Regional Integration Processes." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2012): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-1-40-50.
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The paper discusses the operational value of the key principles of the activities of the Asia-Pacific economic cooperation (APEC) that stand behind its creation. These include the consensus decision-making, the voluntary nature of the decisions’ implementation, the “open regionalism”. Also the author deals with the functioning of the APEC in the context of regional economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region at the end of the first decade of the XXI century.
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Siraj, Uzma, and Sartaj. "The Expanding Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Context of Inter-Regional Integration between Central Asia and South Asia: Prospects and Challenges." Global Regional Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2019): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iii).27.
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This paper analyzes the role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as an effective instrument for regional security, cooperation and integration between Central and South Asia. It has the capacity to counter both traditional and non-traditional security threats. The presence of both Central Asian and South Asian states as members actually complement each other. As both face similar security issue i.e. terrorism. Energy Security of both regions is the biggest complementary factor and have bright prospects of cooperation under SCO. Moreover, the presence of China and Russia, two major regional powers having aspiration for regional integration makes it an attractive option for carrying out the regional stability and deeper integration. The role of SCO seems to be expanding in the wake of this regional integration, where cooperation between China and Russia have a spillover effect on the whole region further strengthening through cooperation in security, energy and other economic and trade matters.
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CAPANNELLI, GIOVANNI, JONG-WHA LEE, and PETER A. PETRI. "ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE IN ASIA: DEVELOPING INDICATORS FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 01 (March 2010): 125–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081000364x.
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We develop indicators to measure the degree of economic integration and cooperation among East Asian economies and compare these with similar measures for other regions. Our indicators cover regional integration in trade, investment, financial assets, and people-to-people exchange. We also analyze measures of regional cooperation such as the density of free trade agreements and official policy dialogues. We find that in various Asian groupings, and especially in a group of 16 integrating Asian economies, interdependence in trade, direct investment, financial flows, and other forms of economic and social exchange has increased significantly over time, and now approaches that in the European Union. Nonetheless, Asia's official cooperation remains weak and formal regional institutions remain relatively underdeveloped. To provide insight into the causes of this discrepancy, we also develop quantitative measures of political and cultural similarity of nations, and find that Asian countries have relatively low levels of political and cultural proximity compared to regions such as Europe. The diversity of political interests and cultural values may have hindered more intense cooperation among Asian economies in the past. But if regional economic and social interactions continue to grow, requirements for joint decision-making are also likely to expand, leading to stronger frameworks of official cooperation.
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Din, Musleh-ud, and Shahbaz Nasir. "Regional Economic Integration in South Asia: The Way Forward." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (December 1, 2004): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.959-974.
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Like many developing economies, the South Asian countries are opening-up their economies with a view to accelerating their economic growth through greater trade and investment. In this context, attempts have also been made to encourage regional trade under the aegis of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). In particular, the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) provides for reductions in tariffs and other restrictions on specific commodities on a reciprocal basis, and the eventual objective is to integrate the South Asian economies into a free trade area through SAFTA, which would come into force on January 1, 2006. However, despite greater attention on regional economic cooperation initiatives, there has been little progress in regional trade expansion: intra-regional trade continues to be minimal, not exceeding 5 percent of the total trade of the South Asian economies. This paper highlights the importance of regional economic integration in South Asia as elsewhere, spells out the factors which have so far hampered economic cooperation in the region, and outlines a future course of action to achieve greater economic integration in South Asia. Section 2 provides a broad perspective on regional economic integration with a particular focus on the need to foster greater economic cooperation in South Asia. Section 3 discusses the factors that have impeded intra-regional trade and economic ties within the region. Section 4 spells out measures to enhance economic cooperation in the SAARC region, while Section 5 concludes the discussion.
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Vervaele, John AE. "MERCOSUR AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei007.
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In the period between 1980 and 1995, both Europe and the US made huge investments in Latin America. The process of democratization in Latin America, especially in the countries marked by a tradition of military dictatorship, has reinforced the belief in political and economic stability. The economy has displayed considerable growth and, partly stimulated by the IMF and the World Bank, several countries are embarking on privatization on a grand scale.2 Political and economic cooperation between the countries is taking the place of political and military rivalry. The time is ripe for a new attempt at integration on this continent. The overtures between Argentina and Brazil led to the establishment of Mercosur. Its economic (Mercosur is the fourth largest trade bloc in the world after the US, the EU, and Japan) and political importance have been recognized, especially by the EU. As early as 1996,3 an Interinstitutional Cooperation Agreement was concluded, an interregional framework agreement for cooperation between the EU Member States and Mercosur States parties.4 Since then, the EU-Mercosur Bi-regional Negotiations Committee (BNC)5 has already had ten meetings at which topics such as the free movement of goods, public procurement, investments, services, e-commerce, and conflict resolution were discussed. The US has never appreciated the attempts at integration in Latin America and has always striven to conclude separate free trade agreements with each individual country. The recent free trade agreement with Chile is a clear example.6
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Dzotsenidze, Tsitsino. "POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CROATIA’S EU INTEGRATION." Economic Profile 15, no. 20 (December 25, 2020): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2020.20.10.
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Regional economic cooperation is of great importance. For these countries, rapid economic development is a major concern on the path to EU integration. Economic development without cooperation is unthinkable. There are many issues in such areas as trade, energy security, transport issues and other. Because the economies of countries are fragmented regional cooperation is necessary to eliminate these problems. We have to define the strategy of European Union with Serbia and Croatia. For the EU, regional cooperation with the Western Balkans, including Serbia and Croatia, as well as its deepening, especially between the countries of the Western Balkans, is a top priority, since such cooperation is a key factor in political stability, economic development and security. In our opinion economical indicators give us some idea of the development dynamics of these two countries. Despite cultural, political and historical differences, Serbia will also be able to take an interest in deepening economic, cultural and political co-operation with the EU, including Croatia
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van Brabant, Jozef M. "Transformation, EU Integration, and Regional Cooperation in Eastern Europe." Comparative Economic Studies 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1998.30.
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Das, Ram Upendra, C. M. Vasudev, and Madhukar Gupta. "Regional Integration and Cooperation in Asia—An Indian Perspective." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 3, no. 3 (September 2011): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097491011100300306.
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Habarta, Andrzej. "EXPERIENCE OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION IN VISEGRAD GROUP." Contemporary Europe 66, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope620157688.
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Elistania, Elistania, Farandy Nurmeiga, and Agung Permadi. "Strategy To Strengthen Cooperation Between The European Union And The Mediterranean Countries Through The Union For Mediterranean (UfM)." Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 21, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v21i2.398.
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The European Union is an example of regional cooperations that represents regional identity. In the midst of the process of integration and expansion of membership, the European Union has an interest in building good relations with non-member countries in the immediate region, including the Mediterranean. The process of establishing cooperation between the European Union and the Mediterranean countries continues to change. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in 1995 was the place for regional cooperation with most member countries and had a well-structured pillar of cooperation. However, the two entities re-formed a new cooperative platform, The Union for Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. This study aims to explain why the European Union and Mediterranean countries changed the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) into The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. Using the theory building approach in the Alex Warleigh-Lack regionalism concept, the findings in the research resulted in an answer that EMP has negative values that are not in accordance with the development of the issue so that it becomes a reason for the formation of UfM.
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Berdiyev, B. O. "Central Asia: International Relations As A Factor Of Regional Stability And Integration." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 02, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue10-21.
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The article is devoted to the issues of interethnic relations in Central Asia, the need for integration and cooperation between states, external influences, information impacts on the peoples of the region, border issues, overpopulation, ethnic issues and their impact on the stability of the region.
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Panke, Diana. "Regional cooperation through the lenses of states: Why do states nurture regional integration?" Review of International Organizations 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2019): 475–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09348-y.
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Ushkalova, D. I. "Models of Russia's Participation in Regional Economic Integration." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-139-147.
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The article analyses models and mechanisms of Russia's participation in integration processes in Post-Soviet space in recent years. The article examines the model of integration of Customs Union Common Economic Space Eurasian Economic Union and particular mechanisms of its realization. It also examines key challenges to further development of integration in the frameworks of Eurasian Economic Union including exhausting of short-term and medium-term integration effects against a background of low level of economic cooperation and the lack of effective mechanism of interest coordination and decisionmaking similar to qualified majority. It concludes that deterioration of mutual trade dynamics in Customs Union is determined by fundamental factors, first of all, exhausting of medium-term integration effects which lead to extension of mutual trade immediately after Customs Union creation but do not change its qualitative characteristics in long-term outlook. The author shows an absence of significant long-term integration effects which were based on increase of domestic market capacity due to a modification of economic structure. It is founded that appearance of such long-term integration effects is possible only in the context of coalescence of national economies at the microlevel based on development of system of communications between enterprises including intrasectoral industrial cooperation. The article also analyses results of realization of Russia's strategy of interaction with states beyond Eurasian Economic Union based on open regionalism concept. The paper presents recommendation on perfection of tools of integration in and outside Eurasian Economic Union. In particular, creation of system of decentralized organizations is proposed, for the implementation of specific cooperation projects in selected areas, taking into account the multiplier effect of such a "point-aimed" action/
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Rezasyah, Teuku, Neneng Konety, Affabile Rifawan, and Wahyu Wardhana. "Higher Education Integration in ASEAN: ASEAN University Network Case." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 5, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v5i1.4155.
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Higher education has an important role in the region’s economic growth, with talents and ideas developing in the process. ASEAN University Network (AUN) is the institution that facilitates cooperation among ASEAN universities and beyond. This research attempts to describe the role of AUN in enhancing regional integration in the higher education sector in ASEAN. This research uses qualitative method to get depth information and the bigger picture in the governance of AUN’s role and mechanism in regional integration of higher education system. The results of this research showed that AUN helped enhancing regional cooperation.
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Gitterman, Daniel P. "European Integration and Labour Market Cooperation: A Comparative Regional Perspective." Journal of European Social Policy 13, no. 2 (May 2003): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928703013002001.
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Sussangkarn, Chalongphob. "Comment on “Regional Cooperation and Integration in the Mekong Region”." Asian Economic Policy Review 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12016.
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Capannelli, Giovanni. "Comment on “Regional Cooperation and Integration in the Mekong Region”." Asian Economic Policy Review 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12017.
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Mallick, Ross. "Cooperation among antagonists: Regional integration and security in South Asia." Contemporary South Asia 2, no. 1 (January 1993): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584939308719701.
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IM, HYUG-BAEG, and YU-JEONG CHOI. "Inter-Korean and Cross-Strait Relations through the Window of Regional Integration Theories." Asian Survey 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 785–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.5.785.
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This article examines why although the two Koreas have had many talks and reached many agreements, economic cooperation and exchanges have met setbacks, stalemate, spillback, and not spillover. It also explores why the two Chinas have made a relatively successful case of functionalist cooperation and exchanges but have failed to make economic cooperation spill over into political cooperation in a neo-functionalist “package deal.”
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Razumovskii, D. "Latin American Integration and Extra-Region Cooperation. Prospects for Russia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2015): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-8-82-91.
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Extra-regional contacts of Latin American integration unions have been actively developing over last decades. Generally it was the effect of a globalization process. Regional platforms have been created for multi-format cooperation both with separate countries and unions. The motives of inter-union cooperation are the efforts of developing countries to strengthen their bargain power and the requirement to expand export markets. The experience of such partnership between Latin America and different regions allows to define several models characterized by different mechanisms and instruments of a dialogue development (LAC–EU, LAC–US and “South–South” cooperation). There are different approaches to economic integration with extra-regional partners among Latin American unions and countries. A number of them follow open and flexible trade policy, while other establish preferential blocks with restrictions on bilateral trade negotiations. Until now Russia preferred to develop bilateral relations with its key allies in Latin America without building close ties with integration unions. But current geopolitical and economic situation encourages Russia to establish such partnership agreements with regional organizations, which are the rising power on the regional and global scene. Without it the full development of economic and political ties between both regions and their association on the international scene would be complicated. The fact that Eurasian Economic Commission recently launched the negotiations process with MERCOSUR demonstrates that Latin American unions start to be considered as prospective partners. In the future, Eurasian Economic Commission can serve as the main platform for bi-regional partnership.
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Prudskaya, Valentina. "Dialog regionalny między Unią Europejską i Rosją jako instrument rozwoju współpracy dwustronnej." Przegląd Europejski, no. 1-2021 (April 14, 2021): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.21.14.
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International dialogue between regions has a strong influence on the development of political relations, economic integration and intercultural interactions. The European Union and Russia are the closest neighbours. International links between regions and regional integration play an important role in their relations. The aim of the article is to analyse the evolution of relations between the European Union and Russia in 1994–2019 within the regional dialogue as an instrument allowing for creating new opportunities for the development of bilateral cooperation. The following methods were used during the research: institutional and legal analysis, historical method, comparative method, desk research. Regional dialogue has been analysed in terms of legal basis, as well as directions and forms of development of cooperation in this area. It can be concluded that the most common forms of cooperation in the analysed period were the following: cross-border cooperation, between regions without a common border, between administrative units on the basis of partnership, dialogue within Euroregions, and regional cooperation within international projects.
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Terentyeva, Irina Vasilyevna, Olga Kirillova, Tatyana Kirillova, Natalya Pugacheva, Aleksandr Lunev, Irina Chemerilova, and Anastasia Luchinina. "Arrangement of cooperation between labour market and regional vocational education system." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-10-2017-0296.
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Purpose Modern educational environment in the system of vocational education focuses on the requirements of labour market and those of employers to the content of graduates’ professional competencies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop practical guidance on the arrangement of cooperation between labour market and regional vocational education system. Design/methodology/approach Participative approach allowed considering the cooperation between labour market and regional system of vocational education as the process aimed at creating management tools for formation, use, development of human resources. The research involved 300 teachers, 400 students, 100 employers, who found out the effectiveness criteria for the cooperation between labour market and vocational education system. Findings The findings reveal national models characteristics and universal tools for cooperation between vocational education institutions and enterprise. National models characteristics allow identifying the most advantageous cooperation tools; comparing suggested tools with the experience of others and thereby assessing their relevance and implementation risks. Research limitations/implications The research results allow us to plan strategies for further studies of this problem, which are related to the development of models for cooperation between labour market and vocational education system. Practical implications The identification of universal tools for cooperation between vocational education institutions and enterprise promotes the integration of national vocational education systems into national educational space. The materials of the paper can be useful for university leaders and professors; employees of centres for professional advancement and retraining in selecting and structuring the content of academic and teaching staff’s advanced training. Social implications The revealed criteria contribute to vocational education programmes integration, connection between professional and educational standards, students’ professional identity. Originality/value The effectiveness of the cooperation between labour market and vocational education system will be improved by studying national models and identifying the most advantageous cooperation tools (modular training, voluntary social/ecological year, educational resources integration, state and public management, clustering vocational education institutions and industry companies). This will allow comparing the suggested tools for collaboration between labour market and vocational education system with the experience of others and thereby assess their relevance and implementation risks. Improving the cooperation between labour market and vocational education system will be successful provided that universal tools for cooperation (socio-economic, educational, practical, innovative and technological) are identified, which promotes the integration of national vocational education systems into national educational space. The effectiveness of cooperation between labour market and vocational education system will increase on condition of criterion assessment (clustering, subjectivity, transdisciplinarity), promoting vocational education programmes integration, connection between professional and educational standards, students’ professional identity, students’ engagement in the development and implementation of research and production projects, stepped formation of professional competencies.
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KARIM, MOHD AMINUL. "South Asian Regional Integration – Challenges and Prospects." Japanese Journal of Political Science 15, no. 2 (April 23, 2014): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109914000085.
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AbstractSouth Asian regional integration is seemingly confronting many challenges. The aim of this paper is to identify those challenges and also look for prospects. Although regional integration in South Asia has adopted a kind of institutionalization, it is yet to deliver any concrete outcomes. High-politics and the not-so-conducive regional economic structures hinder any effectual culmination. However, constructivism, as a theory, is given due credence in this paper when looking for future prospects. The paper highlights the issues, and attempts to offer certain policy directions by analyzing the challenges and identifying the prospects in the on-going integration/cooperation process.
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Khan Achakzai, Jahangir. "Unilateral Liberalization versus Regional Integration: The Case of ECO Member Countries." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.i1.a2.
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Using an international dataset on bilateral trade for 137 countries in 2005, we estimate a gravity model to address the question of whether intra-Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) trade is too low and whether the scale of trade at present is accounted for by regional integration or unilateral liberalization. The results of the gravity model confirm that intra-regional trade is lower than predicted by the gravity equation. The results also validates the theory that the present level of trade is attributed to regional agreements rather than unilateral liberalization, suggesting greater scope for regional cooperation among ECO member countries.
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Pranevich, Alla A. "TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF THE EAEU WITH REGIONAL AND MEGAREGIONAL INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS: TRENDS, DIRECTION, BENEFITS AND THREATS." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-1-33-49.
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The article describes the reasons of participation of less developed countries in the world integration processes, initiated by developed and newly industrialized countries in conditions of intensification of geopolitical and geoeconomic risks in the modern world economy, possible directions of cooperation between them are determined. The assessment of mega-regionality of integration blocks, of their ability to carry out inter-block cooperation and economic integration is given. The state of trade and economic cooperation of the EAEU with integration associations (EU, ASEAN, APEC, SCO), mega-blocks (CETA, RCEP) and their participating countries for the period 2010-2017 is analyzed. On the basis of this features and tendencies of development of trade of the Eurasian Economic Union with the mentioned integration groups are distinguished, the potential benefits of the EAEU participation in the global and mega-regional integration processes initiated by the countries-leaders of integration agreements, as well as from trade and economic cooperation with them, and threats to the Union in general and to the participating countries is defined. The priority directions and algorithms of development of trade and economic cooperation of the EAEU with the considered integration blocks in the format «block – block» and «block – country» are noted, the basis of which is the determination of points of entry – countries and entry goods.
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Sirat, Morshidi. "ASEAN’s flagship universities and regional integration initiatives." Higher Education Evaluation and Development 11, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heed-07-2017-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) flagship universities in moving the agenda of regional integration forward through academic/research collaboration and cooperation. Design/methodology/approach Flagship universities are leading universities in the national higher education systems of countries that make up the ASEAN. This study on the ASEAN’s flagship universities is based on a three-pronged strategy, namely, a literature review, analysis of websites contents, and citation of supporting pieces of evidence from other relevant studies to support arguments. Using the QS top universities in Asia 2016 listing, top 70 public universities in ASEAN were selected for investigation. In instances where public universities in a particular ASEAN country were not listed in the QS listing, a premier public university of that country was then selected for investigation. Findings There is a tendency for ASEAN’s flagship universities to look beyond ASEAN, primarily to establish vertical collaboration, which is important to their efforts in creating their image and enhancing their reputation. As a result, academic/research collaboration among flagship universities and collaboration between these universities and other universities in ASEAN is glaringly on the low side. Interestingly, to move the regional integration agenda in ASEAN, other intermediary agencies outside of ASEAN, such as in the European Union, are very active in providing a platform for both flagship and non-flagship universities to collaborate. Originality/value While regional collaboration and cooperation within ASEAN and East Asia have been discussed elsewhere, this paper has utilised and expanded Douglass’ (2016) idea of flagship universities to include regional relevance for the purpose of regional integration of ASEAN.
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Mazur, Anatolii, and Oksana Kubai. "SCIENTIFIC-METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS INTEGRATION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-117-123.
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The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the trans-boundary economic interactions and crossborder development of the regions in various organizational forms of cooperation as a direction of globalization of the regional economic systems. Study of transformational processes in the national economy from the perspective of regionalization of social development opens up a list of scientific problems that are already urgent today and in the future will require new or additional justification. First and foremost, they include justification of the content and essence of economic regions, which operate outside the common market of the state and which are open for other national systems of the world economy within the framework of the interregional cooperation. Practice shows that territorial and economic systems are not limited to political and administrative boundaries but are able to function beyond their borders. This tendency needs scientific and theoretical justification in the meaning of a new paradigm of regional development. Methodology. The methodological basis for the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning and development of regional economic systems in the conditions of interregional cooperation is the modern theories and concepts of regional development, including transborder cooperation. Practical implications. Modern publications do not adequately and deeply consider the issues of the nature of emergence and organization of regional communities’ international interactions, peculiarities of the forms of organization and economic feasibility of their existence. The essence of the research lies in justification of the scientific concept of development of the regions’ cross-border interaction as the objective tendency synthesis of the state and regions in the implementation of the extended economic reproduction. The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of the regional economic communities’ development in the trans-boundary space of Ukraine. The terminological concepts “national economy” and “economy of Ukraine” are distinguished. And the necessity of promoting for Euroregions creation, expansion of cross-border cooperation was established. Value/ originality. It is established that the modern development of the world economy is based on the interaction of the border regions, which in total provide the cross-border movement of goods and services in the globalized economy.
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Khan, Omar Ayub. "Inaugural Address." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4I (December 1, 2004): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4ipp.309-312.
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I would like to extend a very warm welcome to all of you assembled here this morning. It is a great honour for me to address this opening session of the Twentieth Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists. Recent decades have witnessed a proliferation of regional integration schemes around the world involving both developed and developing countries alike. In the context of developing economies, the promotion of regional economic cooperation and integration is increasingly being viewed as an important instrument for expediting the process of economic development. It is widely believed that regional economic cooperation yields gains in production specialisation, efficiency and improved quality of exports, all of which benefit the countries participating in the regional cooperation effort.
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Ahmed, Zahid Shahab, and Munir Hussain. "Lessons from the European Union’s Economic Integration for South Asian Regionalism." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 3 (September 2019): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19865675.
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South Asian regionalism—mainly represented by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)—has always been vulnerable to the influence of the long-standing bilateral disputes, and South Asian intra-regional trade and economic cooperation is limited. This article examines economic integration in Europe, from the 1950s to Britain’s decision to exit from the European Union (EU) in 2016, in order to identify possible lessons for the SAARC. In particular, this article makes use of Gürler’s model of economic integration to propose a way forward for economic cooperation through the SAARC. While the full implementation of the EU’s model of economic integration appears to be a distant reality for the SAARC, this article argues that a revitalized SAARC is nonetheless a suitable vehicle for pursuing a gradual process of economic cooperation in South Asia that may ultimately lead not only to economic integration but also the resolution of political disputes.
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Ziadah, Rafeef. "Constructing a logistics space: Perspectives from the Gulf Cooperation Council." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 4 (December 3, 2017): 666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817742916.
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Development plans across the Gulf Cooperation Council emphasise logistical infrastructure as a driver of economic diversification. Investments in maritime ports, roads, rail, airports and logistics cities are transforming the economic geography of the region. This study aims to make visible this neglected aspect of the physical transformation of the Gulf Cooperation Council with a focus on the understudied maritime container ports in Oman and Qatar. Shifting the analysis to emergent maritime logistical infrastructure at a regional level gives insight into the uneven developments within the Gulf Cooperation Council’s integration project. Three key features emerge: (a) a large degree of duplication in maritime port infrastructure across Gulf Cooperation Council states; (b) a regional hierarchy among Gulf Cooperation Council states that are resource rich and those dependent on public–private partnerships and (c) increasing competition among internationally dominant port operators looking to gain access to the Gulf Cooperation Council maritime port market. These features both reflect and reinforce competitive tensions within the regional integration project.
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Briceño-Ruiz, José. "Times of Change in Latin American Regionalism." Contexto Internacional 40, no. 3 (December 2018): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2018400300008.
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Abstract After a decade dominated by post-liberal or post-hegemonic initiatives, the advent of conservative governments in Argentina and Brazil and the crisis in Venezuela have led to a resurgence of open regionalism. This could have important consequences in a region divided by different models of economic integration and political cooperation. The study evaluates the complex and changing scenario of Latin American regionalism. First, I trace the trajectory of regionalism in Latin America in recent years. Second, I examine models of economic integration and political cooperation. Third, I analyse the operation of those models in the post-hegemonic era. Lastly, I assess the emergence of a new regional cycle, and its implications for regional integration and cooperation.
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Begoyan, Anush. "National Concepts of Security and the Problem Of Integration in Transcaucasia." Iran and the Caucasus 10, no. 2 (2006): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338406780345961.
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AbstractThe article examines security issues of the Transcaucasian region with the focus on nonmilitary and trans-border security threats and a regional security community that also includes non-state security actors of the region, such as not-recognised autonomous entities, nations, ethnic groups, minorities, etc.This approach to regional security shifts the focus of policies from balance of power to closer regional integration and cooperation, as well as joint provision of regional security. Despite many objectives and existing obstacles to this scenario of regional development, the author sees it to be the only way toward a stable and long-term security in the region. The article argues that closer regional cooperation and integration would allow to accommodate interests and security concerns of non-state actors of the region and would bring the fate of regional issues back in the hands of the regional powers and create bases for sustainable and lasting peace in the region.
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Ivashchuk, Iryna, Andriy Voytseshchuk, and Vitaliy Zapukhlyak. "SPACE ASYMMETRIES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Economic Analysis, no. 27(3) (2017): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.03.266.
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The objective preconditions of regionalization in the global space are considered in the article. The consequences and challenges of regional economic integration processes for the countries are revealed. The importance of coordinating the objectives of regional economic integration and national economic policy is substantiated. The role of integration in the liberalization of trade through the reduction of tariff barriers is argued. The regional asymmetries of global economic development are outlined. The state of development of regional trade agreements in the last decades is analysed. This analysis has made it possible to determine the difficulties of functioning of integration associations in modern conditions and to substantiate that each region has its own peculiarities, as shown by the example of the European Union, the member countries of NAFTA, integration in the countries of Latin America . The index of regional integration in Africa has been estimated. It allowed revealing significant differences among the groups of countries. The peculiarities of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the conditions of cooperation of the countries have been clarified.
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Kiryakova, A. V., S. M. Kargapoltsev, and N. A. Kargapoltseva. "Educational Integration in the Regional University Cluster." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 10 (December 3, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-10-115-124.
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In the context of continuing educational modernization, the paper identifies the areas of productive interaction between subjects of general, complementary and professional education in the expanding space of university cluster. The authors show the system-forming role of a modern university in the formation and development of the information environment of educational integration. The paper also presents a long-term experience of the Association “Orenburg University (Academic) District”, which is an assignee of the Orenburg Educational District, – on the development and implementation of innovative forms and methods of regional educational cooperation, the realization of the educational potential of networking in the pedagogical support of gifted children, the information development of students’ personality, the promotion of teachers’ professional development, the formation of schoolchildren’s and students’ research culture.
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Jiacheng, Li, and Li Zengtaozi. "Constraints on Poverty Reduction Cooperation Under the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 03 (January 2019): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500222.
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Poverty is the biggest problem standing in the way of economic development and political stability in the Mekong River sub-region. Multilateral poverty reduction cooperation in this sub-region has long been focused on stimulating economic growth through increased investment and foreign aid in such areas as environmental protection, health care, education, and vocational training. As a relatively new cooperative platform, the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) mechanism has played an increasingly prominent role in sub-regional economic development and integration; and a joint task force has been set up to draw up multilateral initiatives and plans better tailored to local conditions and needs. Nonetheless, the LMC must increase its relevance and effectiveness in poverty reduction by complementing and coordinating with other existing sub-regional programs amid intensifying power competition in the broad Indo-Pacific region, while taking into account different national development philosophies as well as rising environmental and resource concerns.
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Oliynyk, O. "“Asia-Pacific Dream” – Chinese Regional Integration Project." Problems of World History, no. 14 (June 10, 2021): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-14-5.
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In the 21st century, China has significantly strengthened its role in world historical processes. In 40 years of reform and openness, China has not only become a world leader in economic development, it has also become an active player in the world political arena. China began to show greater interest in world development and at the same time began to actively integrate into the world community, seeking to prove the global benefits of cooperation with China. The Chinese leadership believes that China cannot stand aside from world processes and, like the rest of the world, be held hostage to the policies of other countries and bear the brunt of all the negative consequences of such policies. As a result, it was taken a course for active integration with the world community and strengthening China’s participation and influence in world processes. For this purpose, several strategic strategies have been developed to achieve a specific goal, including “going abroad”, “globalizing”, “internationalizing” and others. At the same time, the strengthening of integration processes in the world could not leave the country’s leadership indifferent, so China began to pay more attention to participation in both global and regional integration processes. One such area was China’s accession to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in 1991. These areas have identified three key aspects of the Asia-Pacific Dream concept: development and economic cohesion, the unification of Asia with an emphasis on harmony, mutual benefit and prosperity in the region. The China Asia-Pacific Dream initiative aims to maintain stable and friendly partnerships with neighboring countries in order to build mutual trust. China has identified a number of common challenges that the parties must address in order to build an Asian community. China hopes to work with its partners to create a beautiful region that will lead the world, benefit all parties and bring prosperity to future generations. In this context, the Chinese leadership has identified a number of areas for development for the Asia-Pacific region.
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Plummer, Michael G. "Asian Integration and Its Implications for the EU “Post-Doha”." Asian Economic Papers 13, no. 1 (January 2014): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00250.
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Asian economic cooperation and integration has become a key fixture of the global economic landscape in the 21st century. Over the past decade Asian economies established a large number of bilateral and a few sub-regional free trade areas that have facilitated the rise in intra-regional trade and regional production networks. More recently, the region has been active in embracing regionwide accords. The EU has been essentially left out of this process. This paper considers the economic costs of EU exclusion from the economic cooperation initiatives in Asia. It finds that, although on the whole the effects will be small, the EU could face significant trade diversion at the commodity level.
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Tsekhanovych, Viktor. "THE ROLE OF EUROREGIONS IN INTEGRATION PROCESSES." Economics & Education 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-1-4.
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Modern international relations are characterized by integration processes, among which Euroregional cooperation plays an important role. Euroregional cooperation as an element of state policy today occupies a rather important place both in the system of priorities of socio-economic development and in the direction of European integration of Ukraine. Such a policy, on the one hand, is aimed at ensuring the comprehensive development of the regions, and on the other hand, at preserving the territorial integrity of the state. It is implemented on the basis of jointly developed programs of trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation. Active regional development is considered as one of the elements of the pan-European system of priorities, which corresponds to the fundamental integration of states through the integration of Regions. Such activities involve accelerating the socio-economic development of euroregions, personnel and infrastructure training of Regions and the country as a whole to deepen cooperation with the EU, and accelerating European integration processes. Euroregions allow their participants to quickly solve common problems, create flexible, joint economic structures, establish cross-border trade, tourism, and expand cooperation in cultural, social, environmental and other fields. Their functioning is based on the principles of local self-government and cross-border cooperation. The activation of Euroregional ties in the context of integration and the creation of various forms of cooperation have positive results for the regions and for Ukraine as a whole. This makes it possible to modernize economic processes, attract foreign investment and new technologies, and create new jobs, which will lead to competition between products and the region. The integration processes that have recently been observed in Euroregions, in addition to traditional cross-border cooperation, can be distinguished as innovative, which include Euro-regional and cross-border clusters, business incubators, technology parks. All this leads to increased competitiveness of the regions, which leads to increased effective use of the region’s potential.