Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional disparities

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional disparities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Regional disparities"

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Sić, Miroslav. "Regional Disparities in Croatia." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 65, no. 02 (January 2004): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2003.65.02.01.

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Černe, Andrej. "Regional disparities and regional planning." Dela, no. 24 (December 31, 2005): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.24.10.125-136.

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Balakrishnan, Ravi, Christian Ebeke, Davide Malacrino, Louise Rabier, and Melih Firat. "Regional Disparities in Europe." IMF Working Papers 2022, no. 198 (September 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400219184.001.

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Katti, Vijaya. "Regional Disparities in Nepal." International Studies 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881787024003002.

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Mijacic, Dragisa, and Blagoje Paunovic. "Regional disparities in Serbia." Ekonomika preduzeca 59, no. 7-8 (2011): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre1108379m.

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Panton, Augustus. "Regional Disparities in Hungary." Selected Issues Papers 2024, no. 037 (August 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400287695.018.

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Lakshmanan, T. R., and Chang-i. Hua. "Regional Disparities in China." International Regional Science Review 11, no. 1 (April 1987): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016001768701100107.

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Baddeley, Michelle, Ron Martin, and Peter Tyler. "European Regional Unemployment Disparities." European Urban and Regional Studies 5, no. 3 (July 1998): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977649800500301.

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Rimkuvienė, Daiva, and Aurelija Sakalauskaitė. "REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN LITHUANIA." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.07.

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The aim of this study is to identify current pattern specific to the development of the Lithuanian counties by using a comparison approach. The research was based on annual data covering the period 2011–2016. Various aspects of the environmental, social and economic differences between the regions in Lithuania are analysed and discussed. The article focuses on regional disparities but also considers changes over time. In this research there have been applied nonparametric statistical methods and graphical presentation. The results have indicated that there is a clear predominance of three regions – Kaunas, Klaipėda and Vilnius counties. The conducted analysis showed, that there were statistically significant differences in the activity rate, the average disposable income and the number of households that have an internet access comparing by the years.
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Pelin, А. "An Assessment of Regional Disparities Evolution in Romania." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Ekonomìka 11, no. 21 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2021-11-21-41-52.

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This paper studies the level and evolution of regional disparities in Romania over the period 2007-2017. In this respect, we employ two methodologies highly relevant and wellestablished in the literature: (i) the relative distance method and (ii) the cluster analysis. The results of the empirical analysis indicate a major discrepancy between the Bucharest-Ilfov region and all the other seven development regions. During the analysis period, there are no significant changes in the positioning of the regions. Regional disparities were not reduced over the period considered, although there are European and national programs for this matter. Therefore, we conclude that an efficient public sector should consolidate the regional disparities with the EU Cohesion Policy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional disparities"

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Czabán, Vera. "Regional disparities in Hungary." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11438.

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In the past decades, exacerbating regional disparities in the European Union as well as the newly joined Eastern European states have led to a growing interest in examining the spatial embeddedness of development. Hungary, a small and very monocentric country, has experienced rapid growth in the region of its capital city and its surrounding, whereas formerly lagging regions continued to fall behind. This thesis examines growing regional disparities in Hungary in order to provide a more comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and synthesise a growing body of both Hungarian and international literature based on their relevance for Hungary. As regional disparities rarely form an explicit research subject, the first aim of this thesis was to establish a suitable method for a comprehensive national level analysis. Within a mixed methodological framework, three theoretical perspectives on regional development were selected to analyse and reveal structural disparities, which were set in contrast with GDP levels of regions. On the one hand, the method proved to be useful to establish a refined rank order of the regions based on their approximated level and speed of development. On the other hand, the three different perspectives revealed structural strength and weaknesses underlying general development level of regions. The results did confirm the multiple advantages of the most developed regions, as well as the complex disadvantage of the most backward regions. Based on this experience a further increase in disparity levels can be expected in Hungary. Regions between the two extremes showed more heterogeneous outcomes across the perspectives, revealing very different development path and structural problems behind the performance level of these regions. Taken together, these findings support the heightening need of decentralization in Hungary, in order to tackle growing regional disparities and establish policy responses at a regional level.
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Wang, Fei. "Regional disparities in China, the agricultural aspect." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23546.pdf.

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Vedom, Julia. "Health care access and regional disparities in China." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/25483.

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This thesis examines the access of health care facilities in nine provinces of China between the years 1989 and 2004, evaluating the effect of demographic, financial and geographic factors. Equity in social welfare has long played a major role in shaping China's national policies. However, continued pursuit of the GDP-led development orientation in China since the late 1970s has resulted in increasing urban-rural and intra- and inter-regional socio-economic disparities, raising multiple causes for concern from an equity perspective and suggesting the trends that should be closely monitored. While there is a consensus about the need and importance of access equity, little geographic research has been conducted in this area. In light of these issues, using China Health and Nutrition Survey this study addressed the following two objectives: (1) to describe the geographic and financial disparities in access to clinics and hospitals in nine provinces of China during the 1989-2004 period, and (2) to explore the demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors affecting access to health care. Results of the analysis show that between 1989 and 2004 the accessibility gap between hospitals and clinics in terms of geographic indicators has decreased, while the gap in financial accessibility has increased, making urban hospitals the least accessible facilities. Access to both hospitals and clinics in urban and rural areas is mostly conditioned by geographic factors, namely the travel method, region of residence and the availability of health care facilities. Patients who were able to reach the facilities on foot were more likely to enjoy better access than those who were not able to do so. Similarly, residents of western China (Guangxi and Guizhou) along with the provinces with higher availability of health care facilities also tended to have better potential access than their counterparts. Several important contributions essential for informing public decision- and policymaking stem from this thesis, leading to a better understanding of issues related to the accessibility of health care in nine provinces of China. While, typically, the determinants of accessibility have been attributed to the financial or demographic characteristics of patients, this research has identified geographic factors as being of the foremost importance in the accessibility of health care. This important finding provides grounds for further geographic research on accessibility issues in China. While our conceptual framework was designed for studying the accessibility of health care in China, it can be potentially applied to any country with regional, provincial or neighborhood disparities in access.
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Pizzuto, Pietro. "Three essays on economic resilience and regional disparities." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/220644.

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Sanch-Maritan, Mathieu. "Regional unemployement disparities, spatial heterogeneity and agglomeratin economies." Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE011.

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Stanfield, Kellin Chandler Darity William A. "Essays on regional and industrial pay disparities in Mexico." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1486.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.
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Sindhu, Jasleen. "Impact of economic liberalisation on regional disparities in India." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507295.

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Zarrabi, Asghar. "Regional disparities in Iran : the case of Isfahan province." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265892.

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Nosova, Olga. "Statistical analysis of regional integration effects." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2910/.

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The paper studies the regional integration as the unique process which depends on the degree of cooperation and interchange among regions. The generalisation of existing approaches for regional integration has been classified by the criterions. The data of the main economic indicators have been analysed. The economic analysis proves the differences in production endowments, the asymmetry in fixed capital investment, the disproportional income, and foreign direct investment distribution in 2001 – 2005 in Ukrainian regions. Econometric modelling depicts the existence of the division for the industrial regions with high urbanisation and backward agrarian regions in the Ukraine, the industrial development disparities among regions; the insufficient infrastructure (telecommunications, roads, hotels, services and etc.), the low labour productivity in industrial sector, and insufficient regional trade.
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Ephraim, Ephraim Tewoldebrhan. "Ethno-regional disparities in primary schooling in Eritrea, 1992-2001." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2614_1256886479.

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Eritreans have been subjected to limited and unequal education provision. throughout their hundred years of colonial history. It was expected that in post-independence Eritrea education provision would be equitably provided to all the regions and ethnic groups in the country. The focus of the thesis is on understanding disparities in provision in primary schooling with particular emphasis on ethno-regional disparities and what precipitate these inequalities. This thesis presents an account of the state of primary schooling in Eritrea between 1992 and 2001.

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Books on the topic "Regional disparities"

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1937-, Goswami A., Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development (Gauhati, India), and National Workshop on Regional Disparities (1996 : Gauhati, India), eds. Regional disparities in India. New Delhi: Akansha Pub. House, 2001.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Inter-regional disparities in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Felsenstein, Daniel, and Boris A. Portnov, eds. Regional Disparities in Small Countries. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27639-4.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Inter-regional disparities in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Chand, Nuna Sheel, and National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (India), eds. Regional disparities in educational development. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1993.

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Nachimuthu, V. Regional economic disparities in India. New Delhi: New Century Publications, 2009.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Inter-regional disparities in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Ramakrishnan, Uma. Regional economic disparities in Australia. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Asia and Pacific Dept., 2004.

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Sudan, Falendra K. Regional disparities in educational development. Jammu, J. & K., India: Vinod Publishers & Distributors, 1993.

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Singh, Veena. Regional disparities in agricultural development. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Regional disparities"

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Ortega, Bienvenido. "Regional Disparities." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 5417–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2445.

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Ortega, Bienvenido. "Regional Disparities." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2445-2.

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Ortega, Bienvenido. "Regional Disparities." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 5842–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_2445.

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Molnar, Dejan. "Regional Disparities in." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 305–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74701-5_23.

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Pachura, Piotr. "Regional Disparities in EU." In Contributions to Economics, 49–64. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2364-6_4.

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Krivý, Vladimír. "Regional Disparities in Slovakia." In Räumliche Auswirkungen des Transformationsprozesses in Deutschland und bei den östlichen Nachbarn, 45–60. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11238-9_3.

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Bonet, Jaime, Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena, and Eduardo A. Haddad. "Royalties and Regional Disparities." In The Colombian Economy and Its Regional Structural Challenges, 455–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22653-3_17.

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Otsuka, Akihiro. "Inter-regional Networks and Regional Disparities." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 101–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3709-4_6.

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Sharbatoghlie, Ahmad. "Intercity Disparities." In Urbanization and Regional Disparities in Post-Revolutionary Iran, 139–72. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270116-8.

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Sharbatoghlie, Ahmad. "Interprovincial Disparities." In Urbanization and Regional Disparities in Post-Revolutionary Iran, 105–38. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270116-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Regional disparities"

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Mugyenyi, Joel, Isaac V. Kinhonhi, and Vijay Modi. "Electricity Outages in Uganda: Causes, Trends and Regional Disparities." In 2024 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 1–5. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica61624.2024.10759464.

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Shen, Zhonghua, Jiaying Huang, Dehao Wu, and Xin Lu. "Analysing Regional Disparities and Shifting Trends in Transportation Carbon Emissions in China." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), 312–19. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icebe62490.2024.00055.

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Zhang, Katherine, Jared Churchwell, and Joseph Saleh. "Epidemiology of Helicopter Accidents: Inspection Blind Spots, Geographic Disparities, and Pilot Demographics." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–17. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12160.

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The objective of this work and its companion article is to provide a better understanding of helicopter accidents and to identify areas that deserve careful attention for improving safety and accident prevention. Three broad questions were here investigated: (1) whether there are safety blind spots in helicopter inspections and any association between inspection time and accidents? (2) whether there are geographic disparities in helicopter accident rates in the U.S. at the regional and state level? And (3) whether there is any association between pilot age and flight experience, and helicopter accident rates? Record Linkage of two Federal data sources, the FAA civil helicopter registration data and the NTSB accident data, enabled the investigation of these and other questions. The main results included the following. First, it was found that there is a clear and significant association between the time of inspection and the accident occurrence, with 10% of all accidents occurring within 4 flight hours of an inspection (all types of inspections). Second, it was found that there are clear and statistically significant geographic disparities in helicopter accident rates in the U. S., both at the regional and state level. Some of the worst-in-class states (e.g., Arkansas, Utah, West Virginia) have helicopter accident rates that are an order of magnitude higher than the best-in-class (e.g., Vermont, Connecticut). Third, it was found that the likelihood of a helicopter pilot to be in an accident is independent of his or her age. Possible confounders were discussed, and hypotheses were proposed as well as recommendations for the FAA and other stakeholders. The end-objective of these recommendations is to improve the safety track record of helicopters, to advance accident prevention, and to reduce their burden of injury, death, and financial losses.
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Koisova, Eva. "REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.3/s04.090.

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Kráľová, Katarína, Jana Sochuľáková, and Dagmar Petrušová. "Mitigation of regional disparities through clusters." In 4th International Scientific Conference: Knowledge based sustainable economic development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia et all, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2018.47.

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Kollár, Vojtech, and Silvia Matúšová. "Human Resources Development in the Solution of Regional Disparities in Slovakia." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.211.

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Different historical, geographical, socio-economic and so­cial conditions have led to the situation that the regions in Slovakia are equipped with different start-up capital, different quality of human poten­tial and various infrastructures and therefore they develop accordingly. Re­gional disparities are understood as differences in the degree of socio-eco­nomic development of regions, which is uneven. The problem of regional disparities cannot be seen only as economic differences between regions, as there are also significant intraregional differences within a region. In the regional context, education and training of youth and adults are directly linked to employment, social security, economic and social development. Insufficient education and training of individuals reduce their employment opportunities, limit their responsible approach to work and life, worsens living conditions, increases social risks, and may deteriorate their health. The level of educational attainment is also related to the level of innova­tion performance and the competitiveness of regions. A special area is rep­resented by the preparation of capacities for the sector of research and de­velopment. The regional differences could be seen in the location of uni­versities preparing graduates for research and development as well as the placement of research and development institutions. The main aim of the paper will be to point out how human resources could be deployed in the solution of regional disparities in Slovakia.
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Wu, Kaiyao, Qing Shen, and Zhiwei Zhang. "Regional TFP disparities in China(1978-2012)." In 2016 International Forum on Management, Education and Information Technology Application. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifmeita-16.2016.184.

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Karaeva, Marija, and Vesna Goceva Mihajlovska. "POLICY FOR BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: POLICY SETTINGS ON REGIONAL LEVEL – EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICE." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2021.21.

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Legally defined regional development is the process of identifying, promoting, managing and exploiting the development potential of the planned regions and areas with specific development needs. The policy of regional development is a system of goals, instruments and measures aimed at reducing regional disparities and achieving balanced and sustainable development of the Republic of North Macedonia. Following the adoption of the Law, activities and measures for its full implementation were carried out both at the central and regional level, creating necessary pre-conditions for achieving the policy objectives of balanced regional development: reduction of disparities in development levels between the eight planning regions, and reduction of the disparities in development levels within the planning regions. Experiences that are the result of more than twelve years of implementation of measures and activities to support balanced regional development allow identification of the main factors that enhanced successful implementation of regional development policy on a regional level in North Macedonia, at the same time identifying the conditions that constrained it. Both of these groups of factors are important for the answer to the questions: (i) Are the institutions on the regional level functional? and (ii) what should be improved? Therefore, this paper aims to give an overview of the institutions in charge of planning and implementation of the regional policy of the Republic of North Macedonia at the regional level – Council for Development of the Planning Regions and Centres for Development of the Planning Regions.
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Kráľová, Katarína, Jana Sochuľáková, and Dagmar Petrušová. "SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.47.

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A long-term problem of the Slovak economy is significant regional disparities caused by insufficient use of existing local resources. Inefficient and unsystematic use of existing resources at the local level causes a decrease in the competitiveness of these regions, which is also reflected in the overall performance of the economy. In our article, after the initial definition of basic terminology, we will focus on the evaluation of regional disparities and the current development of regional differences in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. We will evaluate the impact of SMEs on regional development in the Slovak Republic. However, we will focus primarily on their positive benefits to reducing regional disparities in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. We will pay particular attention to SMEs operating in the field of tourism in individual regions, how they contribute or in the future can solve the problem of reducing regional disparities.
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Raycheva, Iva. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.49.

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In this paper are presented selected results from an empirical analysis of the income inequality in Bulgarian regions. As we know from the economic theory the income that people receive is a basic measure of living standards. Which from your end is related with the risk of poverty or social exclusion? Disparities of the regions is an actual question which is investigated by many researchers. The current research is investigating inequality and related indicators.
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Reports on the topic "Regional disparities"

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Venables, Anthony J. Regional Disparities in Regional Blocs: Theory and Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011146.

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The objectives of this paper are to explore the forces that may create disparities within a regional bloc and to assess their implications for policy. The thesis we will argue is that it is quite possible for regional integration to create disparities. Indeed, we expect it to encourage differences in the economic structures of countries, and should not be surprised if these are sometimes also associated with difference in factor prices and income levels. However, the policy response to such integration induced disparities is, loosely stated, more integration. This paper was prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank project on 'Deepening Integration of MERCOSUR: Dealing with Disparities'.
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Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P. National Disparities and Regional Allocation of Resources: A Positive Framework. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011147.

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Deeper integration of MERCOSUR aims at reducing the barriers to the international mobility of goods, factors and ideas as well as at promoting effective policy coordination among member countries. Lower barriers make the interactions among customers and suppliers in the integrated area increasingly tight, thus fostering the creation of a common market within the MERCOSUR economic space. The present paper proposes a theoretical framework to assess the economic impact and the welfare implications of the resulting reallocation of resources across firms and countries. Its final purpose is to answer the central questions whether and how the distribution of the associated costs and benefits might create resistance from national interests to move towards deeper integration. This paper was prepared within the framework of "Deeper Integration of MERCOSUR: Dealing with Disparities."
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Owyang, Michael T., and Howard J. Wall. Structural Breaks and Regional Disparities in the Transmission of Monetary Policy. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2003.008.

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Kibele, Eva U. B., Sebastian Klüsener, and Rembrandt D. Scholz. Regional mortality disparities in Germany: long-term dynamics and possible determinants. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2014-009.

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Wheelock, David C., Gary A. Wagner, and Thomas A. Garrett. Regional Disparities in the Spatial Correlation of State Income Growth, 1977-2002. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2005.061.

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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, and Haydée Alonzo. Gender, Education, and Skills in Latin America: Evidence from the Regional Learning Assessment. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013270.

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Latin America has achieved considerable progress in expanding access to education, yet significant gender disparities persist in educational outcomes. These gaps are evident in enrollment, completion rates, and performance across key subjects such as mathematics, language, and science. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of these disparities, including societal norms, family expectations, and economic conditions that differentially impact boys and girls. Using data from the 2019 Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (ERCE), the analysis highlights persistent gender-based achievement gaps across Latin American countries. Girls typically outperform boys in language and science, while boys excel in mathematics. However, these trends vary across demographic groups, with Indigenous students facing compounded barriers. Indigenous girls score lower in mathematics compared to Indigenous boys and non-Indigenous peers, while Indigenous boys underperform in language and science relative to their counterparts. The findings indicate that observable factors, such as access to resources, do not fully account for these disparities. Instead, societal expectations, parental perceptions, and cultural attitudes toward education emerge as critical drivers.
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7

Mertz, Lynn. LEAD Collaborative: A Compendium of Regional Approaches to Addressing Health Disparities in Diverse and Aging Populations. Washington, DC: AARP Thought Leadership, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/int.00056.001.

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8

Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio. IIRSA Economic Fundamentals. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011043.

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This paper revisits IIRSA's economic fundamentals, looking at the motivation behind regional integration, the importance of transport versus policy related trade costs, and the likely impact of the initiative on regional disparities and growth.
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, and Haydée Alonzo. Inequality, Education, and Skills in Latin America: Evidence from the Regional Learning Assessment. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013269.

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Educational inequality remains a critical challenge across Latin America, with significant learning gaps persisting, particularly among students from marginalized and impoverished communities. Stark inequities in access to quality education and its academic benefits disproportionately affect disadvantaged students, perpetuating exclusion and segregation. This study leverages data from the 2019 Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (ERCE 2019) to analyze educational outcomes, focusing on the challenges faced by students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and Indigenous communities. Findings reveal that the mathematics achievement gap between students of low and high socioeconomic status widens from third to sixth grade, with Brazil and Uruguay exhibiting the largest disparities. Similar gaps in language and science achievement are evident, particularly in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. Indigenous students face additional systemic barriers, with Costa Rica and Panama showing the most pronounced disparities. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition method, the study identifies that mathematics and language gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students are partially explained by non-observable factors such as discrimination and bias.
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Moccero, Diego, and Carlos Winograd. Macroeconomic Coordination Policies: Why and How?: From Europe to MERCOSUR. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011153.

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This paper was prepared within the framework of "Deeper Integration of MERCOSUR: Dealing with Disparities", a joint initiative between the Integration and Regional Programs Department and the Operations Department 1 of the Inter-American Development Bank. Given the relatively lower political incentives for interdependence in MERCOSUR than in the European experience, economic disturbances and economic lobbies may prevail in times of crisis increasing the risks of derailing the integration process. The authors of this paper draw from the lessons from the European experience of macroeconomic coordination since the early days of the European Economic Community and discuss the main differences between MERCOSUR and the European Union regarding the economic and institutional environment. In the first section of the paper, they combine the lessons obtained from the European experience and the fundamental disparities to be faced in the MERCOSUR to design a specific macroeconomic policy coordination agenda for the region. In the second section they account for the European history of macroeconomic coordination, whereas the third section analyses the main disparities constraining the cooperation policies in MERCOSUR. In light of the previous sections, the fourth part of the study will discuss the appropriate design of macroeconomic coordination in the region, with the fifth section containing the conclusions.
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