Dissertations / Theses: 'Regional disparities'

1

Czabán, Vera. "Regional disparities in Hungary." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11438.

Full text

Abstract:

In the past decades, exacerbating regional disparities in the European Union as well as the newly joined Eastern European states have led to a growing interest in examining the spatial embeddedness of development. Hungary, a small and very monocentric country, has experienced rapid growth in the region of its capital city and its surrounding, whereas formerly lagging regions continued to fall behind. This thesis examines growing regional disparities in Hungary in order to provide a more comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and synthesise a growing body of both Hungarian and international literature based on their relevance for Hungary. As regional disparities rarely form an explicit research subject, the first aim of this thesis was to establish a suitable method for a comprehensive national level analysis. Within a mixed methodological framework, three theoretical perspectives on regional development were selected to analyse and reveal structural disparities, which were set in contrast with GDP levels of regions. On the one hand, the method proved to be useful to establish a refined rank order of the regions based on their approximated level and speed of development. On the other hand, the three different perspectives revealed structural strength and weaknesses underlying general development level of regions. The results did confirm the multiple advantages of the most developed regions, as well as the complex disadvantage of the most backward regions. Based on this experience a further increase in disparity levels can be expected in Hungary. Regions between the two extremes showed more heterogeneous outcomes across the perspectives, revealing very different development path and structural problems behind the performance level of these regions. Taken together, these findings support the heightening need of decentralization in Hungary, in order to tackle growing regional disparities and establish policy responses at a regional level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wang, Fei. "Regional disparities in China, the agricultural aspect." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23546.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Vedom, Julia. "Health care access and regional disparities in China." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/25483.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the access of health care facilities in nine provinces of China between the years 1989 and 2004, evaluating the effect of demographic, financial and geographic factors. Equity in social welfare has long played a major role in shaping China's national policies. However, continued pursuit of the GDP-led development orientation in China since the late 1970s has resulted in increasing urban-rural and intra- and inter-regional socio-economic disparities, raising multiple causes for concern from an equity perspective and suggesting the trends that should be closely monitored. While there is a consensus about the need and importance of access equity, little geographic research has been conducted in this area. In light of these issues, using China Health and Nutrition Survey this study addressed the following two objectives: (1) to describe the geographic and financial disparities in access to clinics and hospitals in nine provinces of China during the 1989-2004 period, and (2) to explore the demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors affecting access to health care. Results of the analysis show that between 1989 and 2004 the accessibility gap between hospitals and clinics in terms of geographic indicators has decreased, while the gap in financial accessibility has increased, making urban hospitals the least accessible facilities. Access to both hospitals and clinics in urban and rural areas is mostly conditioned by geographic factors, namely the travel method, region of residence and the availability of health care facilities. Patients who were able to reach the facilities on foot were more likely to enjoy better access than those who were not able to do so. Similarly, residents of western China (Guangxi and Guizhou) along with the provinces with higher availability of health care facilities also tended to have better potential access than their counterparts. Several important contributions essential for informing public decision- and policymaking stem from this thesis, leading to a better understanding of issues related to the accessibility of health care in nine provinces of China. While, typically, the determinants of accessibility have been attributed to the financial or demographic characteristics of patients, this research has identified geographic factors as being of the foremost importance in the accessibility of health care. This important finding provides grounds for further geographic research on accessibility issues in China. While our conceptual framework was designed for studying the accessibility of health care in China, it can be potentially applied to any country with regional, provincial or neighborhood disparities in access.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pizzuto, Pietro. "Three essays on economic resilience and regional disparities." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/220644.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sanch-Maritan, Mathieu. "Regional unemployement disparities, spatial heterogeneity and agglomeratin economies." Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Stanfield, Kellin Chandler Darity William A. "Essays on regional and industrial pay disparities in Mexico." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1486.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sindhu, Jasleen. "Impact of economic liberalisation on regional disparities in India." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507295.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zarrabi, Asghar. "Regional disparities in Iran : the case of Isfahan province." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265892.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Nosova, Olga. "Statistical analysis of regional integration effects." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2910/.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper studies the regional integration as the unique process which depends on the degree of cooperation and interchange among regions. The generalisation of existing approaches for regional integration has been classified by the criterions. The data of the main economic indicators have been analysed. The economic analysis proves the differences in production endowments, the asymmetry in fixed capital investment, the disproportional income, and foreign direct investment distribution in 2001 – 2005 in Ukrainian regions. Econometric modelling depicts the existence of the division for the industrial regions with high urbanisation and backward agrarian regions in the Ukraine, the industrial development disparities among regions; the insufficient infrastructure (telecommunications, roads, hotels, services and etc.), the low labour productivity in industrial sector, and insufficient regional trade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ephraim, Ephraim Tewoldebrhan. "Ethno-regional disparities in primary schooling in Eritrea, 1992-2001." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2614_1256886479.

Full text

Abstract:

Eritreans have been subjected to limited and unequal education provision. throughout their hundred years of colonial history. It was expected that in post-independence Eritrea education provision would be equitably provided to all the regions and ethnic groups in the country. The focus of the thesis is on understanding disparities in provision in primary schooling with particular emphasis on ethno-regional disparities and what precipitate these inequalities. This thesis presents an account of the state of primary schooling in Eritrea between 1992 and 2001.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Bougrine, Hassan. "Capital formation and regional disparities in Canada since the 1960s." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7689.

Full text

Abstract:

Regional disparities are a fact of Canadian life. Large income disparities among regions have persisted for a long time. Disparities in employment opportunities are also substantial. The location of key economic sectors is highly concentrated and this has resulted in a highly regionalized industrial structure. The existence of such disparities has preoccupied both academics and politicians, but few of their efforts aimed at reducing these disparities have been successful. A review of previous research shows that although traditional economic theory has long considered capital accumulation at the heart of the growth process, regional analysis in Canada has largely ignored the importance of capital formation in determining relative economic fates of the various regions of the country. The central issue of this study has been to examine the role which capital accumulation has played in regional disparities in Canada since the 1960s. Two main questions were addressed. The first question considers the extent to which the regional distribution of capital stocks has affected growth in regional output, productivity, and employment. The thesis has established some strong correlations between patterns of growth of capital stocks on the one hand, and regional economic disparities in output, productivity, and employment on the other hand. A detailed examination of the regional dynamics of capital accumulation in Canada shows that regional investment is strongly influenced by the relative growth rate of a region, the relative size of its capital stock, local labour costs adjusted for productivity, and the level of past profits. The thesis found that one of the impediments to rapid growth of capital accumulation in the poorer regions is the limited availability of finance. Access to capital has an important influence on capital accumulation and, therefore, on regional growth. The effect of capital accumulation on productivity growth is estimated from a productivity function which relates growth in productivity to growth in output, growth in capital-labour ratio, and technical progress. It is found that regional differences in the intensity of capital have played an important role in labour productivity differences. The second question looks at the type of policy to be implemented in order to reduce regional disparities by altering the present pattern of capital accumulation. The thesis proposed a model of optimal allocation of investment funds that takes into account both objectives of national growth and regional equity. The model is based on optimal control theory and considers both the maximization of national income and minimization of regional inequalities in one objective function. It is shown that in such a case the optimal policy is not to concentrate investment in the more prosperous regions, but to increase capital where it is scarce. This will stimulate growth in the poor regions and provide opportunity to reduce disparities in employment and income.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chen, Shunlong. "Market openness, technological capabilities and regional disparities : the Chinese experience." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249748.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

DAS, APARAJITA. "HISTORY SHAPES DEVELOPMENT: CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN INDIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36770@1.

Full text

Abstract:

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Essa tese contém três artigos sobre o impacto da história sobre desenvolvimento econômico de longo prazo, através dos canais de instituições e cultura. O primeiro artigo estuda instituições de administração da terra na Índia colonial e identifica mecanismos através de que variações naquela instituição têm consequências de longo prazo sobre investimento e produtividade agrícola. O segundo artigo estuda a relação entre várias dimensões de diversidade cultural e crescimento em distritos Indianos, usando uma estratégia de variáveis instrumentais. Esses resultados acham os mais fortes impactos para diversidade religiosa. O impacto significativo da diversidade religiosa em melhorar produtividade e reduzir pobreza pode ser resultado da ênfase maior sobre instituições seculares em face da concorrência religiosa. O ultimo artigo examina a formação dos valores culturais como canal através de que desenvolvimento econômico pode ser impactado por condições iniciais. Achamos que traços geográficos inerentes tornam algumas regiões mais propensas a serem agrícolas. Essas regiões, dominados por homens, têm menos templos dedicados às divindades femininas e também têm piores índices da alfabetização feminina.
This thesis consists of three papers examining the impact of history on long-run development processes through the channels of institution and culture. The first paper studies land revenue institutions in colonial India and identifies a multi-channel mechanism through which variations in that institution have long-run consequences for agricultural investment and productivity. The second paper examines the relationship between various dimensions of cultural diversity and growth in Indian districts using an instrumental variables strategy. These results find the strongest impacts for religious diversity. The significant impact of religious diversity in increasing productivity and reducing poverty may be due to increased emphasis on secular institutions in the face of religious competition. The last paper studies the formation of cultural values as a channel through which development outcomes may be impacted by initial conditions. We find that inherent geographical traits render certain regions more likely to be agricultural, male-dominated societies with a lower propensity to worship female deities, which in turn leads to worse female literacy outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Malínková, Martina. "Komparativní analýza regionálních disparit České a Slovenské republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124973.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is concerned with regional disparities in The Czech and Slovak Republics. The theoretical part is therefore related to the definition of the region, regional policy and regional disparities. Implied are different concepts, classification, and the methods of measurement and evaluation of regional disparities. In the practical part of this thesis, regions of the Czech and Slovak Republics are evaluated from the ecomical point of view using Bennet method. Finally there is comparison of selected regions between the two countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sarkar, Satyen. "Regional disparities in economic development : an inter district study of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1531.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Calhoun, McKenzie L., and Bruce Behringer. "Developing a Model to Explore Pharmacy Implications of Appalachian Regional Health Disparities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6894.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Gorney, Anne Ley. "Implementing a multilateral transitive price index." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rice, James C. "Ecological unequal exchange : international trade and uneven cross-national social and environmental processes." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/j_rice_121406.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

龍國英 and Guoying Long. "The political economy of regional disparities in transitional economies: a case study of Jiangsu province,People's Republic of China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30430525.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pang, Ming, and 庞溟. "The impact of China's fiscal and monetary policies on regional disparity in housing prices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194608.

Full text

Abstract:

Ever since the tax reform in 1994 in China, local governments have to rely more and more on land and real estate related fees as a major source of revenue. With the rapid development of the financial sector in China, local governments also rely more on bank loans with real estate assets as collaterals to finance capital expenditure projects and other government expenditure. Many theoretical studies have suggested that the reliance of local governments on land and real estate related revenue has fuelled housing prices and rendered the central government’s policy to contain housing price escalation ineffective. However, so far there has been little vigorous empirical analysis that supports this argument. This study use panel data from 31 provinces over the period 1999 to 2010 to analyses empirically the role of provincial governments’ behavior in determining housing price levels in China. Our empirical results suggest that the behavior of provincial governments has contributed significantly to regional housing price disparity after controlling for social and economic factors. In particular, we found that the level of fiscal autonomy (local government revenue as a percentage of GDP) has an overall positive impact on housing prices and that such impact is stronger for provinces that are geographically more distant from Beijing. We also found that although the central government’s policy on the RMB exchange rate reform in 2005 has an overall positive impact on real housing prices due to inflow of speculative hot money, such impact varied across different provinces and thus also contributed to regional housing price disparity. Our empirical results suggest that speculative hot money tended to flow into housing markets in provinces with a more developed tertiary sector. This is because regions with more developed tertiary sector usually have more mature real estate markets, lower information costs, better financial and legal services, which facilitates flow of fund into and out of the housing market. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on regional housing price disparity. Unlike previous studies that only focused mainly on the impact of economic, social and government planning policies, this study also aimed at studying the role of fiscal and monetary policies in China. The results have important policy and practical implications. First, while the financial incentives and responsibility given to provincial governments may increase economic efficiency, they may also lead to conflicting goals between central and local governments. In addition such financial incentives and responsibility may unexpectedly lead to housing price bubbles that are economically and socially undesirable. Second, the central government’s policy to reform the exchange rate formation mechanism of the RMB in 2005 has also contributed to housing price escalation which may not be desirable from both social and political perspectives. Even worse still, the impact was not uniform but stronger in provinces with a more developed tertiary sector, which are usually wealthier provinces. Increase in housing prices in these provinces may lead to faster regional economic growth and thus contributing to even more sever regional income disparity, which contradicts the central government’s goal of reducing income polarization.
published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Fialho, Joaquim Odílio Godinho. "O Alentejo no contexto nacional: dinâmica de convergência e especialização sectorial (1989-1999)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15642.

Full text

Abstract:

A partir da análise evolutiva da economia, regional e nacional, o estudo pretende analisar o comportamento das regiões portuguesas e avaliar se o Alentejo acompanhou as restantes regiões, no processo de convergência, ou se pelo contrário se afastou, contribuindo para agravar as disparidades regionais. Foram utilizados indicadores de especialização sectorial e o método estrutural-diferencial e testadas as hipóteses de convergência, com resultados que mostram uma elevada concentração populacional, do emprego e da produção na faixa costeira e diferentes comportamentos das 30 NUT nacionais. A convergência e condicionada pelas estruturas económicas regionais e a maior localização sectorial terciária é factor impulsionador do crescimento do rendimento e da produtividade. As sub-regiões do Alentejo apresentam dinâmicas distintas, directamente associadas à especialização sectorial e à localização de unidades produtivas geradoras de elevado valor acrescentado, nomeadamente no Alentejo Litoral. /***Abstract - From the analyses of the regional and national economic evolution, this dissertation aims at analyzing the behavior of the Portuguese regions, and evaluates whether the Alentejo has accompanied the other regions' convergence process or, on the contrary, it has diverged, aggravating regional disparities. This study employs indicators of sector specialization and the structural-differential method, and tests the hypothesis of convergence. The results show a high concentration of population, employment and production in the coastal regions and different behaviors of the thirty national NUT. Convergence is conditioned by regional economic structures and the higher tertiary-sector location is a driving factor of income and productivity growth. Alentejo's sub-regions present distinct dynamics, directly associated with sectorial specialization and the location of productive units providing high added value, namely in the coastal Alentejo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sanchez-Reaza, Javier. "Trade, proximity and growth : the impact of economic integration on Mexico's regional disparities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1722/.

Full text

Abstract:

Trade theories have stressed the importance of international exchanges in producing benefits for the nations involved. However, neo-classical models have not addressed the plausible spatial implications of trade. More recentiy, the new economic geography has argued that the benefits of trade can be either concentrated in few places or dispersed, subject to the levels of transportation costs. This thesis explores the case of one country to shed light over these theoretical issues. Mexico followed a development model based on import-substitution industrialisation (ISI) until the mid 1980s. This approach was replaced for an export-led strategy, initially based on trade liberalisation when it accessed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and later on membership of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These changes make of Mexico an ideal case to explore the impact of trade liberalisation and economic integration on territorial inequalities. Patterns of convergence during ISI and of divergence during GATT and NAFTA were identified through o and B-convergence analyses. The results show that whereas the final stages of the ISI period were dominated by convergence trends, GATT and NAFTA have led to divergence. In particular, economic integration is related to divergence. Regression analyses show that the above transformations have led to greater concentration of economic activity and territorial polarisation. These changes have profoundly altered the factors associated with regional growth, mainly linked to oil exports, migration and distance to Mexico City at the demise of ISI. Most of these variables are less significant in explaining growth after GATT. NAFTA leads to a shift in the relevant market from Mexico City to the USA and exports are now supported by a dynamic maquiladora industry heavily concentrated in border-states. The above results are confirmed by the study of two regions. The states selected were Chihuahua in the North and Oaxaca in the South, which depict convergence/divergence trends. The northern state has profited from both trade-related periods, whereas the southern has declined after the opening up of the economy. Although industrialisation in the border is relatively more advanced than in the South, the latter seems to be heading in that direction. However, the type of industrial processes locating in both states could signal greater disparities in the future. The cases also show the emergence of regional and local governments as political actors having greater power in shaping territorial growth and the possibility of an emerging knowledge-based economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra. "An inquiry into causes of regional disparities in economic growth across Indian states." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1683/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis documents some stylised facts of what sustains unequal economic growth across Indian states over the period 1965-1997. It documents the dynamics of the convergence of incomes across the Indian states by tracking the evolution of the entire income distribution over 1965-97, instead of using standard regression and time series analyses. This approach, known in the literature as the distribution dynamics approach, reveals patterns of catch-up, which remain obscured in standard parametric approaches. The findings document a decline in disparities in the late sixties, with a subsequent increase in inequality in the seventies, eighties, and nineties. This is accompanied by the polarisation of the income distribution into two convergence clubs, one at around 125% of the national average, and at 50% of the national average. The latter half of the thesis tries to explain these stylised facts using both non-parametric and parametric techniques. The distribution dynamics reveal that the disparate distribution of infrastructure - both economic and social - strongly explains the formation of the lower income club. Fiscal deficits seem to partially explain club formation at the higher income levels. Standard panel regression analyses reveal that education, especially primary education, is associated with better growth performances. Macroeconomic stability is also associated with higher growth., while political instability and the lack of political governance is found to be negatively associated with growth too. Such findings have interesting implications for economic policy. The distribution dynamics reveal that an all-encompassing "global" policy for all states may not be appropriate - cohesive forces governing the formation of the two convergence clubs are different, hence, states belonging to different clubs require specific policies to address unequal growth performances. In terms of policy content, basic infrastructure, such as health, education, transport, and political governance require the most attention in the lower income states, while for higher income states, macroeconomic stability and political governance, seem to be the more important.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Rahadini, Ari [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogt. "Regional Disparities in Central Java. An Empirical Study / Ari Rahadini ; Betreuer: J. Vogt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151938513/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Plümper, Thomas, Eric Neumayer, and Denise Laroze. "The limits to equivalent living conditions: regional disparities in premature mortality in Germany." Springer, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0865-5.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim Despite the country's explicit political goal to establish equivalent living conditions across Germany, significant inequality continues to exist. We argue that premature mortality is an excellent proxy variable for testing the claim of equivalent living conditions since the root causes of premature death are socioeconomic. Subject and methods We analyse variation in premature mortality across Germany's 402 districts and cities in 2014. Results Premature mortality spatially clusters among geographically contiguous and proximate districts/cities and is higher in more urban places as well as in districts/cities located further north and in former East Germany. We demonstrate that, first, socioeconomic factors account for 62% of the cross-sectional variation in years of potential life lost and 70% of the variation in the premature mortality rate. Second, we show that these socioeconomic factors either entirely or almost fully eliminate the systematic spatial patterns that exist in premature mortality. Conclusion On its own, fiscal redistribution, the centrepiece of how Germany aspires to establish its political goal, cannot generate equivalent living conditions in the absence of a comprehensive set of economic and social policies at all levels of political administration, tackling the disparities in socioeconomic factors that collectively result in highly unequal living conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Prenzel, Paula. "Regional consequences of demographic change : regional development and disparities in a context of ageing and shrinking population in Germany." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3705/.

Full text

Abstract:

Demographic change represents the defining trend in population development of the 21st century on a global, national, and regional level. Although some countries are yet to see its impacts, others, such as Germany, have already begun experiencing the effects of demographic change. Sub-replacement level fertility since the 1970s coupled with increases in life expectancy have slowed German population growth and cause pronounced shifts in the age composition. These changes are even more noticeable on a sub-national level, where, in the context of national-level demographic change, shrinking and ageing regions are no longer transitory and exceptional but a wide-spread and permanent phenomenon. Despite the relative predictability of these trends, there is little empirical research on the consequences of demographic change on regional socio-economic conditions. This thesis analyses demographic change using the case of Germany on a regional level and considers how changes in population size and age composition affect economic outcomes and their geographical patterns. It focuses on three aspects that are central to processes of regional economic development. First, it investigates the role of demographic change in the provision of public services, using the example of primary school closures in response to falling student numbers. Second, it studies the effect of population ageing on availability and composition of human capital in regional labour markets. Third, it examines the relationship between regional age structures and patterns of internal migration, testing for evidence whether the two trends may be mutually reinforcing. Using administrative and micro-data for 332 German district regions between 1996 and 2010, this thesis documents the current relevance of demographic change for socioeconomic conditions and emphasises its future role in shaping regional economic development in ageing and shrinking countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Saral, Guldem. "Regional Income Growth Disparities And Convergence In Turkey: Analyzing The Role Of Human Capital Differences." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1043207/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the growth performances of regions in Turkey and the role of human capital in this process within the framework of new growth theory. For this aim, it firstly attempts to investigate the evolution of regional income growth differences in Turkey in the period 1980-2000 and the tendency of provinces in Turkey towards income growth convergence. Secondly, by taking a detailed account of human capital, it aims to explore the contribution of human capital differences towards explaining income growth disparities among Turkey&rsquo
s provinces. In this framework, human capital is defined in terms of education, entrepreneurship and innovation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zeelie, Eben Johannes. "Benchmark value chain clusters, agglomeration economies and dynamic externalities : an intergrated approach to regional economic development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1086.

Full text

Abstract:

From the broad overview of the cluster literature, the proposition emerges that the manipulation of regional economic structural and cluster factor conditions within a geographically proximate region can translate into sustainable regional economic growth outcomes. As a first step in exploring this research, a theoretical framework for the conceptualisation of industry clusters was established and a methodological framework applied to statistically identify major manufacturing value chain clusters in the Eastern Cape Province. This methodology combines a strength-of-linkage measure for all pairs of supply and use sectors (as revealed in the systematic analysis of intermediate purchasing and sales patterns in the South African Final Supply and Use Tables: 2002) with the application of Ward’s hierarchical cluster algorithm to map the national benchmark value chain clusters in the South African national economy. The ensuing national value chain benchmark cluster framework was then transposed to the Eastern Cape Province to reveal cluster concentrations and gaps that exist in the value chain clusters in the province. The methodology applied in this study provides an objective and clear perspective of inter-industry linkages in the South African economy and produces more detailed and evenly distributed clusters than traditional cluster identification methodologies. Secondary linkages were determined for each of the twenty-six core value chain clusters to depict the diversity of sectors linked to the respective core clusters. In transposing the national benchmark value chain cluster framework onto the Eastern Cape Province economy, a number of distinct advantages emerge. Firstly, it reveals gaps in value chain cluster groupings that may be filled through industry recruiting or regional business development strategies. However, not all industries absent from value chain clusters in the region are equally attractive for recruitment. Henceforth, the number of direct and indirect linkages to industries absent from the Eastern Cape Province serves as a measure of their relative attractiveness when considering their recruitment into the region. vi The benchmark value chain cluster framework alone does not explain which agglomeration externalities are generated and exploited within each cluster, but it served as the overarching framework for the remainder of the research. Accordingly, the value chain cluster framework was applied to evidence whether specialisation, competition or diversity (represented by MAR, Porter and Jacobs economies respectively) is the operative mechanism in generating cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. Since agglomeration externalities are not directly observable, construct-valid indicators for the various externalities, as well as appropriate mechanisms to empirically assess the statistical relevance of MAR-, Porter and Jacobs economies in stimulating cluster growth, were established. This thesis added to agglomeration literature by disaggregating the standard measure of diversity externalities into two unique diversity indicators, namely supply diversity (SDiv) and use diversity (UDiv). The SDiv- and UDiv coefficients measure the degree to which a value chain cluster’s supplying/user sectoral mix at provincial level differs from that of the cluster grouping at the national level. This distinction between supply-and use diversity developed in this study firstly provides a clearer insight into the relative regional presence of supplying- and using sectors to the various value chain clusters, and secondly, serves as a useful mechanism to regional policymakers in identifying industries that may be targeted for investment into a region. Therefore, by separating the diversity into its two components, a clear distinction can be drawn between the impact of supplying- and using sectors on value chain cluster growth in a particular region. From a narrow perspective, the empirical findings validate both the Marshall Arrow Romer- (small positive impact of regional cluster concentration) and the Jacobs theory (significant positive impact of cluster supply- and use diversity on cluster growth), while it invalidates Porter’s theory (no correlation between competition and cluster performance). The positive effect size recorded between the level of value chain cluster concentration and differential growth indicates that policy makers in the Eastern Cape Province will be well advised to direct growth interventions towards larger concentrated clusters, than towards smaller, incipient value chain clusters. Additionally, vii the effectiveness of targeted inward FDI to the Eastern Cape Province may be raised by evaluating the economic impact against current value chain cluster structure, as well as the effect on the supply- and use diversities of existing value chain clusters in the province. This thesis has also illustrated that value chain clusters that are concentrated in the region, show a positive effect size with the level of supply diversity in the region. Conversely, value chain clusters that reflect high levels of competitiveness record a positive effect size with use diversity. Policy interventions aimed at raising the performance of value chain clusters typified by smaller players in a competitive environment, should therefore consider raising the respective levels of use diversity in the region. This research awakens the proposition that a reliance on a serendipitous approach to generate dynamic externalities is not sufficient, and that certain factor conditions favour the transfer of tacit knowledge between cluster members. Accordingly, this research empirically explored whether statistically significant relationships can be detected between the common cluster elements, or factor conditions, that serve as conduits for the transfer of dynamic externalities and value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that linkages with knowledge generating institutions in the Eastern Cape Province do, albeit to a relatively small extent, have an impact on value chain cluster growth, and validates the assertion that cognitive enhancing institutions contribute to cluster growth. The importance of backward and forward linkages in nurturing regional growth is signified by the moderate effect size recorded by the level of vertical linkages and total value chain cluster growth. Similarly, a moderate effect size was recorded between the level of horizontal linkages and value chain cluster growth, which shows that cooperation amongst competing firms do stimulate cluster and regional growth in the Eastern Cape Province and affirms the proposition that inter-firm linkages on both vertical- and horizontal levels stimulate cluster growth. An expectation was that the institutional framework conditions would have a significant impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. However, the empirical findings reflect that the institutional framework conditions have no statistical impact on value chain cluster growth. The study also found a moderate, positive effect size between value chain cluster size (number of employees) and growth, which shows viii that size matters in regional growth. In other words, in contrast to their European counterparts, the larger the number of employees per value chain cluster, the greater the impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Park, Bae-Gyoon. "The territorial politics of regulation under State Capitalism : uneven regional development, regional parties, and the politics of local economic development in South Korea /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51972233.html.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Südekum, Jens. "Agglomeration and regional unemployment disparities : a theoretical analysis with reference to the European Union /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/369180054.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Marier, François. "Technology and infrastructure in regional development policies and the evolution of regional disparities, the case of New Brunswick, 1986-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ58483.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Erberber, Ebru. "Analyzing Turkey's Data from TIMSS 2007 to Investigate Regional Disparities in Eighth Grade Science Achievement." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/727.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis advisor: Ina V. S. Mullis
Turkey is expected to be a full member of the European Union (EU) by 2013. In the course of its integration into the EU, Turkey has been simultaneously facing access, quality, and equity issues in education. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made on increasing the access. However, improving the country's low level of education quality and achieving equity in quality education across the regions continue to be a monumental challenge in Turkey. Most recently, results from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 indicated that Turkey's educational achievement at the eighth grade, the end of compulsory primary education in Turkey, was far below that of other countries in the EU. Considering Turkey's long standing socioeconomic disparities between the western and eastern parts of the country, the challenges of improving overall education quality are coupled with the challenges of achieving equity in learning outcomes for students across the regions. This dissertation used data from TIMSS 2007 to document the extent of Turkey's regional differences in science achievement at the eighth grade and to investigate factors associated with these differences. Findings from a series of analyses using hierarchical linear models suggested that attempts to increase Turkish students' achievement and close the achievement gaps between regions should target the students in the undeveloped regions, particularly in Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia. Designing interventions to improve competency in Turkish and to compensate for the shortcomings of insufficient parental education, limited home educational resources, poor school climate for academic achievement, and inadequate instructional equipment and facilities might be expected to close the regional achievement gaps as well as raise the overall achievement level in Turkey
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

García-del-Barrio, Pedro. "Hiring Costs and Temporary Work Agencies. An explication of regional disparities across Spanish provinces." Economía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117946.

Full text

Abstract:

The Temporary Work Agencies (TWA) industry experienced continuous growth throughout the 90s, and now represents around 15% of temporary hiring in Spain. More interestingly, are markable regional disparity in this sector exists across Spanish provinces. By developing a simple theoretical model and using panel data methodology, this article examines the Spanish caseand suggests that the costs of recruiting, training and screening could explain a large part of the regional disparity. This result is supported by the empirical fact that the TWA firms have greater success in markets with low unemployment rates, where the average duration of unemploymen tis longer, and in provinces with higher concentrations of urban population, respectively.
El sector de las Empresas de Trabajo Temporal (ETT) experimentó un fuerte crecimiento en la década de 1990, hasta estabilizarse en torno al 15% de la contratación temporal en España. Aún más significativa es la fuerte disparidad regional en el recurso a las ETT que existe entre las provincias españolas. A partir de un sencillo modelo teórico, y con metodología de datos de panel, este artículo sugiere que los costes de reclutamiento, entrenamiento y selección podrían explicar gran parte de dicha disparidad. Esta conclusión, estaría fundada en la evidencia empírica de que la cuota de mercado de las ETT es mayor en mercados con bajas tasas de desempleo, donde la duración media del paro es mayor y en aquellas provincias con más concentración de población urbana, respectivamente.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Mudiriza, Gibson. "Regional wage disparities in post-apartheid South Africa: spatial patterns, convergence dynamics, and causes." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28410.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the spatial patterns, convergence dynamics, and causes of regional wage disparities in post-apartheid South Africa. The analysis is conducted using a unique dataset for 354 regions constructed from the 1996, 2001 and 2011 population censuses. The thesis comprises of six chapters including the introduction and conclusion. The general introduction is followed by Chapter two that presents a theoretical and empirical review of the causes of regional wage disparities. Emphasis is placed on theoretical insights derived from the new economic geography theory. The subsequent 3 chapters comprise the empirical analysis. Chapter three applies exploratory spatial data analysis techniques to the 1996, 2001 and 2011 population censuses data and examines the spatial patterns that characterise the distribution of wages across regions in South Africa. An objective is to assess the consistency of these patterns with predictions from alternative theories. The results point to significant disparities in the distribution of wages across regions in South Africa that are greater than regional wage disparities in other countries. These disparities are characterised by positive and negative spatial autocorrelation between regions suggesting the coexistence of new economic geography forces (positive autocorrelation) and alternative economic theory (negative autocorrelation) features. These findings provide important context and input into the subsequent empirical chapters of the thesis. Chapter four examines the convergence dynamics of wages across regions in post-apartheid South Africa. The aim of the chapter is to assess the extent to which wages have converged or diverged across regions in South Africa over the period 1996 – 2011. The convergence dynamics are analysed using a range of complementary measures, namely, the kernel density estimator and indicators of α - convergence and β - convergence. These measures consistently reveal evidence of regional wage divergence between 1996 and 2001, but strong and robust evidence of regional wage convergence from 2001 to 2011. During the period 2001 – 2011, the unconditional β- convergence is estimated at 3.7% per year, suggesting that it could take about 19 years to reduce the gap in wages between rich and poor regions by half. However, conditional β- convergence, after controlling for initial human capital, local unemployment, market potential, industrial stucture and homeland status, is much higher, at 13% per year. This implies that it could have taken about 5 years to reduce the wage gap between rich and poor regions by half, if differences in regional specific factors had been eliminated between 2001 and 2011. The results suggest that regional specific factors, some of which can be influenced by policy, constrain regional wage convergence in South Africa. The fifth Chapter empirically tests whether the prediction of the Helpman-Hanson wage equation derived from the new economic geography theory is consistent with observed regional wage disparities in South Africa. The chapter extends the Helpman-Hanson model to include other potential explanatory factors concerning regional wages. The results suggest that regional wage disparities in South Africa are well explained by new economic geography forces such as access to markets, but only after controlling for regional specific factors such as human capital, mineral resource endowments, local climatic conditions, local unemployment, and homeland status. The findings of this study imply that new economic geography theory alone is not sufficient to explain regional wage disparities in South Africa. Its proper application hinges on the incorporation of other regional specific factors. This finding is consistent with an emerging economy that is characterised by moderate industrial and transport sectors, on the one hand, and a strong primary sector driven by natural resource exploitation, on the other hand. Overall, the thesis shows that, while regional wage disparities are converging over time in South Africa, they remain high compared to other countries. Convergence is very slow and is influenced by regional specific factors such as human capital, access to markets, mineral resource endowments, local climatic conditions, local unemployment and homeland status. Accordingly, complementary policies promoting human capital accumulation, access to markets, and development of former homeland areas, and improving labour market outcomes will substantially enhance wage convergence. Nevertheless, even with these policies, regional wage disparities will remain a feature of the South African economy as these are in part driven by economic forces associated with new economic geography. The thesis thus highlights how differences in access to markets and regional factor endowments exacerbate and constrain regional wage disparities in South Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Fletcher, Rebecca Adkins. "There and Back Again: Applying Regional Health Disparities to Contextualize the Affordable Care Act." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/515.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kim, Yong-Lyoul. "Spatial econometric analysis of highway and regional economy in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4373.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Marinelli, Elisabetta. "Graduates on the move : knowledge flows and Italian regional disparities. Migration patterns of 2001 graduates." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/148/.

Full text

Abstract:

Italy is characterised by large sub-national disparities between the less developed South and the more developed Centre-North. It comes at no surprise, therefore, that it has a complex history of population flows from the South to the rest of the country. This thesis focuses on a new trend in the dynamics of internal population flows: whilst historically unskilled workers constituted the bulk of Italian migrants, in recent years, the high skilled have become increasingly mobile. As the high skilled are a crucial input to both innovative activity and economic growth, their spatial movements can potentially affect the dynamics of local development and as such, deserve thorough investigation. The work analyses this internal brain drain, focusing on recent university graduates. As a group, they are especially interesting to study: not only because, as they transit between study and work, they are particularly prone to move, but also because they have, so far, largely been neglected by scholars. Whilst the existing literature has mostly compared spatially mobile to spatially immobile individuals, this thesis distinguishes between returners (who leave the region of study to move back to their home region), migrants (who leave the region of study to move elsewhere) and stayers (who remain in the region of study). This tripartite taxonomy enables us to identify new insights on the dynamics of spatial mobility. The study draws upon a wide and interdisciplinary literature and builds an original theoretical framework to analyse the knowledge flows generated by mobile graduates. Through this framework, it carries out a comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of human capital mobility, at the micro, meso and macro level. The main contribution of the thesis is to explain the links between graduate flows and regional innovation. In addition, the study also explores the consequences of migration on job-satisfaction and the social nature of spatial mobility itself. Methodologically, it applies a wide array of econometric techniques to a survey on graduates’ entry in the labour market, developed by the Italian statistical office (ISTAT). At the policy level, the study sheds light on the connection between higher education, innovation and regional development, providing a new perspective on the long-standing debate on Italian sub-national inequalities

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Gregory, Terry [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Möller. "Rising labour market inequality: Regional disparities and wage-setting institutions / Terry Gregory. Betreuer: Joachim Möller." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068055995/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Heindl, Anna-Barbara [Verfasser]. "Regional disparities and innovation : conditions for innovation capacity building in China's 'West' / Anna-Barbara Heindl." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212582373/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Loewen, Bradley. "Potentials of Polycentric Urban Regions in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118736.

Full text

Abstract:

British Columbia is characterized by a relatively hierarchical urban system. This study aims to identify areas of potential for the development of Polycentric Urban Regions (PURs) to provide a counterweight to the dominant urban core and to develop higher functions in peripheral areas to increase their long-term viability. Three methods are employed to assess the spatial-functional and political-institutional dimensions of organizing capacity for the development of PURs: spatial analysis to determine proximity between population centres by driving time and distance; Pareto analysis to measure the existing degree of polycentricity in regional districts; and a survey of regional planners to assess their knowledge, current planning activities and attitudes towards polycentricity. Eleven areas with potential for PUR development were identified, which each have unique spatial and political challenges and opportunities. In general, many areas have good spatial conditions, but differences in the role of the regional district as a planning coordinator will make a common approach to PUR development challenging. In future studies of these regions, it is recommended to focus on the outcomes of PUR development and the benefits that could be realized in each region according to more specific local conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gregorová, Alena. "Problematika periferních oblastí v České republice (se zaměřením na Znojemsko)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10917.

Full text

Abstract:

The dissertation focuses on problems of peripheral regions in Czech Republic, mainly on region Znojemsko, which is situated near border with Austria. The theoretical part treats of universal concepts of peripheral regions, defines peripheral regions in Czech Republic and tries to find their typical signs. There are also mentioned strategical documents of regional policy. The aim of these documents is balanced and sustainable development of the Czech Republic without regional disparities. Next part describes the region Znojemsko and identifies peripheral villages in this region. Contemporary situation of these villages is evaluated by socioeconomic analysis, which helps to determine opportunities for future development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Péterová, Jana. "Disparity v oblasti cestovního ruchu ve Středočeském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19240.

Full text

Abstract:

The work deals with regional disparities that play a key role in regional development process. Regional disparities are a major problem of regional development because they cause an uneven regional development. This work focuses specifically on disparities in tourism and it looks for suitable indicators to do a research on these disparities in the Central Bohemia Region. In this work, tourism figures as an instrument of regional policy for developing the region and, if possible, to reduce the regional disparities. Disparities in tourism are primarily characterized as spatial disparities that are mainly determined by indicators of transport infrastructure, natural environment and the potential for tourism. Using selected indicators of the indicators above, this work assesses the disparities of tourism in the Central Bohemian Region and it recommends some ways to reduce these disparities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Futado, Ana Margarida Leal. "Regional wage differentials and spatial disparities in Europe : evidence from Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286397.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Berlin, Elin, and Carin Johansson. "Decreasing the Regional Disparities through the EU’s Structural Fund Policy : A Study on the Impact of the Structural Fund Policy on Sweden’s Regional Growth." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12635.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the EU’s Structural Fund (SF) policy between 2000-2007 on regional economic growth in Sweden. A regional convergence analysis is performed in order to examine if the SF policy’s overall aim of convergence is reached. Furthermore the study examines the growth of important Structural Fund goal indicators as employment, education and new firm formation in the Objective 1, 2 and 3 areas. The main growth- and convergence theories and their connection to regional policies such as the SF policy is used as the theoretical framework and form the study’s hypothesis.

The results show that absolute β-convergence exists between the Swedish urban areas. The growth of the goal indicators show that the Objective 1 and 2 areas, which received most part of the SF support have achieved their aims in increasing employment and new firm creation. In addition the Objective 2 areas have increased their share of population with higher education compared to the areas that did not receive either Objective 1 or 2 support. The Objective 3 areas, which received the least part of the SF support had a lower mean growth in employment than the areas that received no direct Objective 3 support. In addition the urban areas that only received Objective 3 support had a lower growth in share of population with higher education. From the results we can reach the overall conclusion that the positive impact of the SF policy on the goal indicators seem to be the largest in the areas that received most part of the funding. The final conclusion is that the SF are effective in enhancing economic growth in the areas of intervention.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera EU:s Strukturfondspolitiks inverkan på regional ekonomisk tillväxt i Sverige mellan 2000-2007. En regional konvergensanalys utförs för att undersöka om Strukturfondspolitikens övergripande konvergens mål uppnås. Vidare undersöker studien viktiga Strukturfondmålindikatorers tillväxt, såsom sysselsättning, utbildning och nyföretagande, i Mål 1, 2 och 3 områdena. De viktigaste tillväxt- och konvergensteorierna och deras koppling till regional politik, såsom Strukturfondspolitiken används som den teoretiska bakgrunden och formar studiens hypotes.

Resultaten visar att absolut β-konvergens existerar mellan de svenska kommunerna. Resultaten för målindikatorernas tillväxt visar att Mål 1 och 2-områdena som har mottagit största delen av Strukturfondsstödet har uppnått sina mål att öka sysselsättningen och starta nya företag. Dessutom har Mål 2-områdena haft en högre ökning av andelen av befolkningen med högre utbildning jämfört med områdena som inte mottog något Mål 1 eller 2-stöd. Mål 3- områdena som har mottagit den minsta delen av Strukturfondsstödet hade en lägre tillväxt av sysselsättning jämfört med de områden som inte mottog något direkt Mål 3-stöd. De områden som enbart mottog Mål 3-stöd hade dessutom en lägre tillväxt av befolkning med högre utbildning. Utifrån resultaten kan vi dra den övergripande slutsatsen att den positiva påverkan av Strukturfondspolitiken på målindikatorerna verkar vara störst i de områden som har mottagit största delen av Strukturfondsstödet. Den slutgiltiga slutsatsen är att Strukturfondspolitiken sannolikt främjar den ekonomiska tillväxten i insatsområdena.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Vieira, Danilo Jorge 1964. "Finanças publicas e desenvolvimento economico em Minas Gerais : as implicações da renegociação da divida sobre as politicas de fomento estadual." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285844.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Francisco Luiz Cazeiro Lopreato
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_DaniloJorge_M.pdf: 3998304 bytes, checksum: 6938562babd230de9f35cbc8b4b6d12e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O trabalho aborda as conseqüências do ajuste das finanças estaduais efetuado a partir da renegociação da dívida pública, promovida ao amparo da Lei 9.496/1997, sobre a capacidade de implementação de políticas autônomas de fomento por parte dos estados. Demonstra, de início, que os novos parâmetros de gestão fiscal estabelecidos no bojo do processo de ajustamento, aprofundados posteriormente por meio da promulgação da LRF, fizeram emergir fortes restrições, implicando na desarticulação daquelas políticas, que perderam substância e espaço no âmbito dos orçamentos. A partir da análise mais detalhada da experiência de Minas Gerais, verifica, primeiramente, o impacto que tal reordenamento fiscal e financeiro teve para as finanças públicas. Avalia, em seguida, os desdobramentos sobre as estratégias levadas adiante pelo governo mineiro para apoiar a estrutura produtiva local, descrevendo as mudanças pelas quais passaram as diretrizes de atuação e os instrumentos de estímulo manejados, que se tornaram muito mais contidos, obscurecendo as perspectivas de crescimento e modernização da base econômica instalada na região. Conclui que a nova institucionalidade emergente a partir da renegociação da dívida problematizou a evolução dos desequilíbrios econômicos regionais, uma vez que a desestruturação das políticas fomentadoras dos estados ¿ que ocuparam, ainda que de maneira deficiente, a lacuna deixada pelas ações do governo central ¿ não foi acompanhada por uma presença mais incisiva da União. Assim, o ajuste fiscal deixou como saldo possibilidades bem mais opacas de retomada de um novo ciclo expansivo e resultou, em verdade, no debilitamento amplificado da atuação conjunta do setor público, que adquiriu feições bem mais acanhadas a favor do crescimento, empalidecendo as perspectivas de desenvolvimento regional
Abstract:This research analyze the consequences of the adjustment of the states finances, promoted by agreement of the public debt (supported in Law 9.496/1997), for the capacity of the states for implementation of regional development policies. It demonstrates that the established new fiscal parameters in the process of the adjustment, fortified later with the LRF (¿Fiscal Responsibility Law¿), resulted in very restrictions, implying in the rupture of those policies and, thus, in the her loss of substance and of space in the budgets. From the more detailed analysis of the experience of Minas Gerais's state, it verifies, first, the impact that such fiscal and financial adjustment had for the public finance. After this discussion, it evaluates the impact on the used strategies by the government of Minas Gerais to stimulate the local productive structure, describing the changes in the directives and in the used instruments to promote the growth, showing that these had been contained, weakening the possibilities of development of the economic base installed in the region. In the conclusion, it calls the attention that the resultant fiscal order of the adjustment process had consequences for the evolution of the regional economic inequalities, because it weakened the development policies of the states, but without establishing, at the same time, a more strong action of the central government in the attack to the regional inequalities
Mestrado
Economia Regional e Urbana
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sampaio, Daniel Pereira 1986. "Reestruturação produtiva regional no Brasil = uma caracterização da indústria com base em um indicador de densidade das cadeias produtivas (1996-2007)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286367.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Ana Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T07:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_DanielPereira_M.pdf: 2632878 bytes, checksum: 036f7d19dff1ed60eb68169825dfa809 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A dissertação visa realizar uma análise exploratória dos dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual, no período de 1996 a 2007, com objetivo de verificar quais foram as principais regiões e setores afetados em suas cadeias produtivas, utilizando o indicador de VTI/VBPI. A análise mostrou que o estado de São Paulo apresentou queda do indicador em importantes setores da economia tais como fabricação de produtos eletrônicos, fabricação de produtos químicos e fabricação de máquinas e equipamentos, o que demonstra que os efeitos de encadeamento nos setores mais intensivos em tecnologia foram sentidos nesse estado. Os estados do Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe, Pará e Espírito Santo estão se especializando em setores intensivos em recursos naturais, nas atividades ligadas ao minério de ferro e petróleo. Bahia, Minas Gerais e Paraná são estados mais diversificados, não apresentam especialização, mas o indicador de adensamento das cadeias produtivas manteve-se em patamares próximos ao do Brasil em função da atividade de refino de petróleo. O estado do Amazonas apresentou queda no indicador de adensamento das cadeias produtivas no setor de eletrônicos, porém o resultado para este estado também se manteve próximo ao do Brasil, resultado que pode ser explicado pelo crescimento do indicador no setor de edição, impressão e reprodução de gravações. Os resultados demonstram que importantes setores da indústria brasileira apresentaram trajetórias setoriais semelhantes nos estados produtores, o que aponta para a idéia de que fatores sistêmicos, condicionados interna e externamente, tais como a condução da política macroeconômica e estratégias empresariais globais, sejam os maiores responsáveis pelo ajuste microeconômico voltado para uma maior importação de insumos principalmente em setores mais intensivos em tecnologia, que cortam praticamente todas as demais cadeias produtivas
Abstract: The essay aim to realize an exploratory analysis of data from the Annual Industrial Survey, between the years of 1996 to 2007, in order to ascertain which were the main areas and sectors affected in their supply chains, using the "VTI/VBPI" indicator. The analysis has shown that the state of São Paulo presented a decrease on the indicator at important sectors of economy, such as electronics manufacturing, chemicals manufacturing and manufacture of machinery and equipments, which demonstrates that the effects of chaining in more technology intensive sectors were felt in this state. The states of Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe, Pará and Espírito Santo are specializing in more intensive sectors of natural resources, at the activity related to iron ore and oil. Bahia, Minas Gerais and Parana states are more diversified, have no expertise, but the densification of productive chains indicator remained at levels close to the ones of Brazil due to the activity of petroleum refining. The state of Amazonas presented a decrease at the densification of productive chains indicator in the electronics sector, however the result for this state is also close to the Brazil's, outcome that can be explained by the grown of the publishing, printing and recordings reproduction sector indicator. The results demonstrates that important sectors of Brazilian industry presents similar sectoral trajectories at the producing states which indicates the idea that systemic factors, conditioned internally and externally, such as the conduction of macroeconomic politics and global business strategies, are the major responsible for the microeconomic adjustment turned to the higher imports of inputs especially in technology-intensive sectors, and that nearly cut all other supply chains
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Long, Guoying. "The political economy of regional disparities in transitional economies : a case study of Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Moraes, Ana Carmen Navarro de. "A juventude nordestina e a crise social contemporanea : situação ocupacional dos jovens do Nordeste : 1981-2002." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285732.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Waldir Jose de Quadros
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_AnaCarmenNavarrode_M.pdf: 1391775 bytes, checksum: e2b6e4e46ed590962a7a7b837e2e568d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Este trabalho buscou analisar a evolução da situação ocupacional do jovem nordestino entre 15 e 24 anos, no período 1981-2002, destacando suas dificuldades de inserção nos setores melhor situados do mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, foram feitas duas abordagens teórico-históricas: a primeira trata das transformações econômicas e seus impactos no mercado de trabalho, com ênfase nas décadas de 1980 e 1990; e a segunda analisa, ainda que de forma sucinta, o processo de formação econômica e social do Nordeste e o como esta região se comportou diante das transformações da economia brasileira. A partir deste resgate e utilizando-se os dados das PNADs, mostrou-se que o segmento jovem da população continuou sendo mais afetado pelo desemprego e pela precarização do trabalho. No que se refere às especificidades nordestinas, viu-se, através da estruturas ocupacionais individuais que, nesta região, ainda é elevada a participação das ocupações agrícolas entre os jovens. Além disto, pela análise da estratificação familiar dos jovens, constatou-se um crescimento da massa de pobres e miseráveis no período 1981-2002, cuja proporção continuou muito superior à verificada para o estado de São Paulo, reforçando a permanência das disparidades regionais. Não obstante o crescimento do período recente (2003/2006), abordado, ainda que sinteticamente, no apêndice do capítulo 3, esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de reconstrução de um projeto nacional que priorize efetivamente o equacionamento dos problemas estruturais do país
Abstract: This study analyses the evolution of occupational status of the northeastern youth aging between 15 and 24, during the 1981-2002 period, highlighting their difficulties in becoming part of better sector of the labor market. Two theoretical-historical approaches were done: the fist deals with the economic transformations and their impacts on the labor market, with emphasis on the 80's and 90's; and the second analyses, in a succinct way, the process of economic and social formation of the Northeast and how this region responded to the changes in the Brazilian economy. Using PNAD data, it was shown that the young segment of the population is still the most affected by unemployment and by precarious work conditions. Regarding the specificities of the Northeastern region, by using individual occupational structures we saw that the participation of rural labor amongst youth is still high in this region. Additionally, by analyzing the family stratification of the youth, a growth of the number of poor and miserable people in the 1981-2002 period was verified, remaining proportionally higher than the numbers verified in the State of São Paulo, reinforcing existing regional disparities. Despite the economic growth observed in the past years (2003/2006), which is discusses in the appendix of Chapter 3, these results indicate the need of reconstructing a National Project that gives priority to the solution of the country's structural problems
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wyile, Herb 1961. ""Now you might feel some discomfort" : regional disparities and Atlantic regionalism in the writings of David Adams Richards." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65552.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Shi, Tuo. "Regional disparities, agglomeration economy and transport infrastructure : an empirical study for China from a new economic geography perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708417.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regional disparities'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles